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Cheng T, Wu J, Xu Y, Liu C, Zhang H, Wang M. CD40/TRAF1 decreases synovial cell apoptosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis through JNK/NF-κB pathway. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:819-828. [PMID: 35960381 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A genome-wide association analysis revealed a rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-risk-associated genetic locus on chromosome 9, which contained the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1). However, the detail mechanism by TRAF1 signaled to fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) apoptosis remains to be fully understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Synovial tissue of 10 RA patients and osteoarthritis patients were obtained during joint replacement surgery. We investigated TRAF1 level and FLSs apoptosis percentage in vivo and elucidated the mechanism involved in the regulation of apoptotic process in vitro. RESULTS We proved the significant increase of TRAF1 level in FLSs of RA patients and demonstrated that TRAF1 level correlated positively with DAS28 score and negatively with FLSs apoptosis. Treatment with siTRAF1 was able to decrease MMPs levels and the phosphorylated forms of JNK/NF-κB in vitro. Moreover, JNK inhibitor could attenuate expression of MMPs and increase percentage of apoptosis in RA-FLSs, while siTRAF1 could not promote apoptosis when RA-FLSs were pretreated with JNK activator. CONCLUSIONS High levels of TRAF1 in RA synovium play an important role in the synovial hyperplasia of RA by suppressing apoptosis through activating JNK/NF-kB-dependent signaling pathways in response to the engagement of CD40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Huayong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Mingjun Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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Gissler MC, Stachon P, Wolf D, Marchini T. The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Associated Factors (TRAFs) in Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:826630. [PMID: 35252400 PMCID: PMC8891542 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.826630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF receptor associated factors (TRAFs) represent a family of cytoplasmic signaling adaptor proteins that regulate, bundle, and transduce inflammatory signals downstream of TNF- (TNF-Rs), interleukin (IL)-1-, Toll-like- (TLRs), and IL-17 receptors. TRAFs play a pivotal role in regulating cell survival and immune cell function and are fundamental regulators of acute and chronic inflammation. Lately, the inhibition of inflammation by anti-cytokine therapy has emerged as novel treatment strategy in patients with atherosclerosis. Likewise, growing evidence from preclinical experiments proposes TRAFs as potent modulators of inflammation in atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation. Yet, TRAFs show a highly complex interplay between different TRAF-family members with partially opposing and overlapping functions that are determined by the level of cellular expression, concomitant signaling events, and the context of the disease. Therefore, inhibition of specific TRAFs may be beneficial in one condition and harmful in others. Here, we carefully discuss the cellular expression and signaling events of TRAFs and evaluate their role in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. We also highlight metabolic effects of TRAFs and discuss the development of TRAF-based therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Colin Gissler
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Peter Stachon
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dennis Wolf
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zapata JM, Perez-Chacon G, Carr-Baena P, Martinez-Forero I, Azpilikueta A, Otano I, Melero I. CD137 (4-1BB) Signalosome: Complexity Is a Matter of TRAFs. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2618. [PMID: 30524423 PMCID: PMC6262405 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD137 (4-1BB, Tnsfr9) is a member of the TNF-receptor (TNFR) superfamily without known intrinsic enzymatic activity in its cytoplasmic domain. Hence, akin to other members of the TNFR family, it relies on the TNFR-Associated-Factor (TRAF) family of adaptor proteins to build the CD137 signalosome for transducing signals into the cell. Thus, upon CD137 activation by binding of CD137L trimers or by crosslinking with agonist monoclonal antibodies, TRAF1, TRAF2, and TRAF3 are readily recruited to the cytoplasmic domain of CD137, likely as homo- and/or heterotrimers with different configurations, initiating the construction of the CD137 signalosome. The formation of TRAF2-RING dimers between TRAF2 molecules from contiguous trimers would help to establish a multimeric structure of TRAF-trimers that is probably essential for CD137 signaling. In addition, available studies have identified a large number of proteins that are recruited to CD137:TRAF complexes including ubiquitin ligases and proteases, kinases, and modulatory proteins. Working in a coordinated fashion, these CD137-signalosomes will ultimately promote CD137-mediated T cell proliferation and survival and will endow T cells with stronger effector functions. Current evidence allows to envision the molecular events that might take place in the early stages of CD137-signalosome formation, underscoring the key roles of TRAFs and of K63 and K48-ubiquitination of target proteins in the signaling process. Understanding the composition and fine regulation of CD137-signalosomes assembly and disassembly will be key to improve the therapeutic activities of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) encompassing the CD137 cytoplasmic domain and a new generation of CD137 agonists for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Zapata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Perez-Chacon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Carr-Baena
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Martinez-Forero
- Departamento de Inmunologia and Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Medica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arantza Azpilikueta
- Departamento de Inmunologia and Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Medica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Itziar Otano
- Departamento de Inmunologia and Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Medica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Departamento de Inmunologia and Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Medica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,MSD, London, United Kingdom.,Departamento de Inmunologia e Inmunoterapia, Clinica Universitaria, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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4
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Simon-Gabriel CP, Foerster K, Saleem S, Bleckmann D, Benkisser-Petersen M, Thornton N, Umezawa K, Decker S, Burger M, Veelken H, Claus R, Dierks C, Duyster J, Zirlik K. Microenvironmental stromal cells abrogate NF-κB inhibitor-induced apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2017; 103:136-147. [PMID: 29122993 PMCID: PMC5777201 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.165381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Several NF-κB inhibitors were shown to successfully induce apoptosis of CLL cells in vitro Since the microenvironment is known to be crucial for the survival of CLL cells, herein, we tested whether NF-κB inhibition may still induce apoptosis in these leukemic cells in the presence of protective stromal interaction. We used the specific NF-κB inhibitor dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ). Microenvironmental support was mimicked by co-culturing CLL cells with bone marrow-derived stromal cell lines (HS-5 and M2-10B4). NF-κB inhibition by DHMEQ in CLL cells could be confirmed in both the monoculture and co-culture setting. In line with previous reports, NF-κB inhibition induced apoptosis in the monoculture setting by activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway resulting in poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-cleavage; however, it was unable to induce apoptosis in leukemic cells co-cultured with stromal cells. Similarly, small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)-mediated RELA downregulation induced apoptosis of CLL cells cultured alone, but not in the presence of supportive stromal cells. B-cell activating factor (BAFF) was identified as a microenvironmental messenger potentially protecting the leukemic cells from NF-κB inhibition-induced apoptosis. Finally, we show improved sensitivity of stroma-supported CLL cells to NF-κB inhibition when combining the NF-κB inhibitor with the SYK inhibitor R406 or the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib, agents known to inhibit the stroma-leukemia crosstalk. We conclude that NF-κB inhibitors are not promising as monotherapies in CLL, but may represent attractive therapeutic partners for ibrutinib and R406.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Philipp Simon-Gabriel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Foerster
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shifa Saleem
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Bleckmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Benkisser-Petersen
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Thornton
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Sarah Decker
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Meike Burger
- Furtwangen University, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Schwenningen Campus, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Veelken
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Rainer Claus
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Dierks
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja Zirlik
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany .,Tumor and Breast Center ZeTuP, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Wan XK, Yuan SL, Tao HX, Diao LP, Wang YC, Cao C, Liu CJ. The Upregulation of TRAF1 Induced by Helicobacter pylori Plays an Antiapoptotic Effect on the Infected Cells. Helicobacter 2016; 21:554-564. [PMID: 27060717 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) is a member of the TRAF family and is dysregulated in diseases, such as atheroma, lymphoma, and solid tumors, but the role of TRAF1 in gastric cancer remains unknown. This study was aimed to investigate the role of TRAF1 in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-related cell apoptosis and gastric carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mRNA and protein expression levels of TRAF1 were measured in a panel of gastric cancer cell lines and in H. pylori -infected mice by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting. The transcription factor that mainly affects transcription of TRAF1 during H. pylori infection was identified. The roles of H. pylori virulence factors that regulate TRAF1 expression were analyzed using isogenic cagA-, vacA-, and cagE-null mutants. The effects of TRAF1 on gastric cell viability and apoptosis during H. pylori infection were detected using the standard MTS (cell viability) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS H. pylori infection induced TRAF1 overexpression in both gastric epithelial cells and mice. The expression of TRAF1 in response to H. pylori infection was majorly regulated by the activation of NF-κB and was strongly related to H. pylori virulence factor CagA. The upregulation of TRAF1 inhibited cell apoptosis and increased the viability of infected cells. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori infection induces the overexpression of TRAF1 in gastric epithelial cells. The upregulation of TRAF1 plays an antiapoptotic role in H. pylori -infected gastric cells and may contribute to the gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Kun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Ling Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Xia Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Peng Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
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6
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Liang Y, Meng S, Zhang JA, Zhu YF, Li C, Yang XJ, Jiang WJ, He ST, Xu J. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) polymorphisms and susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease. Autoimmunity 2015; 49:84-9. [PMID: 26699338 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2015.1124423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Former studies have revealed the link between the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) polymorphisms and autoimmunity. In the present study, we took an opportunity to investigate the association between TRAF1 and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in order to find a new susceptibility gene. A total of 1029 AITD patients [677 Graves' disease (GD) patients and 352 Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) patients] and 899 controls were enrolled. We used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS) to detect the polymorphisms of rs4836834, rs10760130, rs10818488, rs2239658, rs2900180. We also explored the association between polymorphisms and clinical subphenotypes. Genotype frequencies of the five loci in all AITD patients were significantly different from those of controls. Genotype frequencies of rs10760130, rs2239658 and rs2900180 in GD patients were significantly different from controls. Allele analysis found that T allele of rs4836834, G allele of rs10760130, A allele of rs10818488, T allele of rs2239658 and T allele of rs2900180 were significantly higher in GD and AITD patients. No significant differences were found between HT patients and controls. Haplotype analysis found three haplotypes including ACAGC, TTGAT and TCGAC. ACAGC frequencies were significantly lower in GD and HT patients. However, TTGAT frequency was only significantly higher in GD patients. No significant results were found between polymorphisms and clinical subphenotypes. Our study reveals TRAF1 as a susceptibility gene of AITD in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- a Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an , China and
| | - Shuai Meng
- b Department of Endocrinology , Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jin-an Zhang
- b Department of Endocrinology , Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuan-feng Zhu
- a Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an , China and
| | - Cui Li
- a Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an , China and
| | - Xiang-ju Yang
- a Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an , China and
| | - Wen-juan Jiang
- b Department of Endocrinology , Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Shuang-tao He
- b Department of Endocrinology , Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jian Xu
- b Department of Endocrinology , Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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Zhang XF, Zhang R, Huang L, Wang PX, Zhang Y, Jiang DS, Zhu LH, Tian S, Zhang XD, Li H. TRAF1 is a key mediator for hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1467. [PMID: 25321474 PMCID: PMC4649517 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1), an adapter in signal transduction, is involved in immunity and in apoptotic processes in various cell types. However, little is known about its function and the molecular mechanism of its activation during liver injury. This study tested the hypothesis that TRAF1 is a mediator of cell injury after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). In a mouse hepatic I/R injury model, we found that TRAF1 expression was highly induced. TRAF1 deficiency was liver protective, whereas sustained TRAF1 overexpression aggravated liver injury in response to hepatic I/R injury. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that a deficiency of TRAF1 in cultured hepatocytes led to the inhibition of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses, suppression of the ASK/JNK pro-death pathway and promotion of cellular regeneration capacity. In contrast, the converse occurred in hepatocyte-specific TRAF1 transgenic mice. TRAF1 activated the ASK1/JNK pathway and promoted hepatic injury. Our study demonstrates that TRAF1 is a crucial early mediator of hepatic I/R injury and suggests that TRAF1 may be a potential gene therapy target for the treatment of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-F Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - R Zhang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - L Huang
- 1] Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China [2] Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - P-X Wang
- 1] Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China [2] Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Zhang
- 1] Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China [2] Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - D-S Jiang
- 1] Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China [2] Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - L-H Zhu
- 1] Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China [2] Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - S Tian
- 1] Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China [2] Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - X-D Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - H Li
- 1] Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China [2] Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Missiou A, Köstlin N, Varo N, Rudolf P, Aichele P, Ernst S, Münkel C, Walter C, Stachon P, Sommer B, Pfeifer D, Zirlik K, MacFarlane L, Wolf D, Tsitsikov E, Bode C, Libby P, Zirlik A. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) deficiency attenuates atherosclerosis in mice by impairing monocyte recruitment to the vessel wall. Circulation 2010; 121:2033-44. [PMID: 20421522 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.895037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, potently promote atherogenesis in mice and humans. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) are cytoplasmic adaptor proteins for this group of cytokines. METHODS AND RESULTS This study tested the hypothesis that TRAF1 modulates atherogenesis in vivo. TRAF1(-/-)/LDLR(-/-) mice that consumed a high-cholesterol diet for 18 weeks developed significantly smaller atherosclerotic lesions than LDLR(-/-) (LDL receptor-deficient) control animals. As the most prominent change in histological composition, plaques of TRAF1-deficient animals contained significantly fewer macrophages. Bone marrow transplantations revealed that TRAF1 deficiency in both hematopoietic and vascular resident cells contributed to the reduction in atherogenesis observed. Mechanistic studies showed that deficiency of TRAF1 in endothelial cells and monocytes reduced adhesion of inflammatory cells to the endothelium in static and dynamic assays. Impaired adhesion coincided with reduced cell spreading, actin polymerization, and CD29 expression in macrophages, as well as decreased expression of the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in endothelial cells. Small interfering RNA studies in human cells verified these findings. Furthermore, TRAF1 messenger RNA levels were significantly elevated in the blood of patients with acute coronary syndrome. CONCLUSIONS TRAF1 deficiency attenuates atherogenesis in mice, most likely owing to impaired monocyte recruitment to the vessel wall. These data identify TRAF1 as a potential treatment target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Missiou
- Department of Cardiology, University of Freiburg, Germany
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Ha H, Han D, Choi Y. TRAF-mediated TNFR-family signaling. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2009; Chapter 11:11.9D.1-11.9D.19. [PMID: 19918944 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im1109ds87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily consists of a wide variety of cell-bound and secreted proteins that regulate numerous cellular processes. In particular, TNF-family proteins regulate the proliferation and death of tumor cells, as well as activated immune cells. This overview discusses the mammalian TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAFs), of which TRAF1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 have been shown to interact directly or indirectly with members of the TNF receptor superfamily. Structural features of TRAF proteins are described along with a discussion of TRAF-interacting proteins and the signaling pathways activated by the TRAF proteins. Finally, we examine the phenotypes observed in TRAF-knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunil Ha
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daehee Han
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yongwon Choi
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Wicovsky A, Salzmann S, Roos C, Ehrenschwender M, Rosenthal T, Siegmund D, Henkler F, Gohlke F, Kneitz C, Wajant H. TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis inhibits proinflammatory TNF receptor-1 signaling. Cell Death Differ 2009; 16:1445-59. [PMID: 19557010 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) trimers induce, in a variety of cell lines, translocation of cytosolic tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor-2 (TRAF2) to a triton X-100-insoluble compartment without changes in the total cellular TRAF2 content. TWEAK-induced TRAF2 translocation is paralleled by a strong increase in nuclear factor kappaB 2 (NFkappaB2)/p100 processing to p52, indicating that TRAF2 redistribution is sufficient for activation of the alternative NFkappaB pathway. In accordance with the crucial role of TRAF2 in proinflammatory, anti-apoptotic TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1) signaling, we observed that TWEAK-primed cells have a reduced capacity to activate the classical NFkappaB pathway or JNK (cJun N-terminal kinase) in response to TNF. Furthermore, TWEAK-primed cells are sensitized for the TNFR1-mediated induction of apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Notably, the expression of the NFkappaB-regulated, TRAF2-interacting TRAF1 protein can attenuate TWEAK-induced depletion of the triton X-100-soluble TRAF2 fraction and improve TNFR1-induced NFkappaB signaling in TWEAK-primed cells. Taken together, we demonstrate that soluble TWEAK desensitizes cells for proinflammatory TNFR1 signaling and thus identify TWEAK as a modifier of TNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wicovsky
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, Würzburg 97070, Germany
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Abstract
Extraordinary technical advances in the field of human genetics over the past few years have catalyzed an explosion of new information about the genetics of human autoimmunity. In particular, the ability to scan the entire genome for common polymorphisms that associate with disease has led to the identification of numerous new risk genes involved in autoimmune phenotypes. Several themes are emerging. Autoimmune disorders have a complex genetic basis; multiple genes contribute to disease risk, each with generally modest effects independently. In addition, it is now clear that common genes underlie multiple autoimmune disorders. There is also heterogeneity among subphenotypes within a disease and across major racial groups. The current crop of genetic associations are only the start of a complete catalog of genetic factors for autoimmunity, and it remains unclear to what extent common variation versus multiple rare variants contribute to disease susceptibility. The current review focuses on recent discoveries within functionally related groups of genes that provide clues to novel pathways of pathogenesis for human autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Gregersen
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA.
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Sasaki CY, Slemenda CF, Ghosh P, Barberi TJ, Longo DL. Traf1 induction and protection from tumor necrosis factor by nuclear factor-kappaB p65 is independent of serine 536 phosphorylation. Cancer Res 2008; 67:11218-25. [PMID: 18056447 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling has been attributed to the initiation and progression of cancer. Posttranslational modification of p65 facilitates optimal NF-kappaB signaling after activation. Here, we show that the phosphorylation of serine 536 was required for p65-mediated transcription and I kappa B alpha expression in fibroblasts. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment slightly induced p65 phosphorylation, and both unphosphorylated and phosphorylated p65 translocated into the nucleus. The phosphorylation of serine 536 was not required for p65-mediated protection from TNF cytotoxicity and Traf1 induction in fibroblasts. Also, the corecruitment of p65 and RNA polymerase II to the Traf1 enhancer region did not require p65 phosphorylation. However, the corecruitment of p65 and RNA polymerase II to the Csf2 promoter required the phosphorylation of serine 536. These findings suggested that the requirement of serine phosphorylation at residue 536 and the distance between the NF-kappaB response element and the start of transcription may influence which genes will be transcribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Y Sasaki
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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13
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Xu ZY, Sun BJ, Chang MX, Nie P. Characterization and expression analysis of TNFR-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 121:44-57. [PMID: 17868904 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 07/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
TNF receptor associated factor 1 (TRAF1) plays an important role in regulating the TNF signaling and protecting cells from apoptosis. In the present study, a TRAF1 gene has been cloned from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA is 2235bp, including a 250bp 5' UTR (untranslated region), a 1659bp open reading frame, and a 326bp 3' UTR. The polyadenylation signal (AATAAA, AATAA) and one mRNA instability motif (AUUUA) were found followed by a poly (A) tail in the 3' UTR. No signal peptide or transmembrane region has been found in the putative amino acids of grass carp TRAF1 (gcTRAF1). The putative amino acids of gcTRAF1 share 72% identity with the homologue in zebrafish. It is characterized by a zinc finger at the N-terminus and a TRAF domain (contains one TRAF-C and one TRAF-N) at the C-terminus. The identity of the TRAF domain among all the TRAF1 homologues in vertebrates varies from 52% to 58%, while the identities of TRAF-C were almost the same as 70%. The recombinant gcTRAF1 has been constructed successfully and expressed in Escherichia coli by using pET-32a expression vector. The polyclonal antibody for rabbit has been successfully obtained. The expression of gcTRAF1 in different organs was examined by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively. It was widely distributed in heart, head kidney, thymus, brain, gill, liver, spleen, and trunk kidney. This is the first report of TRAF1 homologue molecule found in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, People's Republic of China
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Hodge DL, Subleski JJ, Reynolds DA, Buschman MD, Schill WB, Burkett MW, Malyguine AM, Young HA. The Proinflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-18 Alters Multiple Signaling Pathways to Inhibit Natural Killer Cell Death. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2006; 26:706-18. [PMID: 17032165 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2006.26.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-18 (IL-18), is a natural killer (NK) cell activator that induces NK cell cytotoxicity and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) expression. In this report, we define a novel role for IL-18 as an NK cell protective agent. Specifically, IL-18 prevents NK cell death initiated by different and distinct stress mechanisms. IL-18 reduces NK cell self-destruction during NK-targeted cell killing, and in the presence of staurosporin, a potent apoptotic inducer, IL-18 reduces caspase-3 activity. The critical regulatory step in this process is downstream of the mitochondrion and involves reduced cleavage and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. The ability of IL-18 to regulate cell survival is not limited to a caspase death pathway in that IL-18 augments tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling, resulting in increased and prolonged mRNA expression of c-apoptosis inhibitor 2 (cIAP2), a prosurvival factor and caspase-3 inhibitor, and TNF receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1), a prosurvival protein. The cumulative effects of IL-18 define a novel role for this cytokine as a molecular survival switch that functions to both decrease cell death through inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and enhance TNF induction of prosurvival factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Hodge
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
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Xie P, Hostager BS, Munroe ME, Moore CR, Bishop GA. Cooperation between TNF Receptor-Associated Factors 1 and 2 in CD40 Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:5388-400. [PMID: 16622006 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.9.5388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
TNFR-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) is unique among the TRAF family, lacking most zinc-binding features, and showing marked up-regulation following activation signals. However, the biological roles that TRAF1 plays in immune cell signaling have been elusive, with many reports assigning contradictory roles to TRAF1. The overlapping binding site for TRAFs 1, 2, and 3 on many TNFR superfamily molecules, together with the early lethality of mice deficient in TRAFs 2 and 3, has complicated the quest for a clear understanding of the functions of TRAF1. Using a new method for gene targeting by homologous recombination in somatic cells, we produced and studied signaling by CD40 and its viral oncogenic mimic, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) in mouse B cell lines lacking TRAF1, TRAF2, or both TRAFs. Results indicate that TRAFs 1 and 2 cooperate in CD40-mediated activation of the B cell lines, with a dual deficiency leading to a markedly greater loss of function than that of either TRAF alone. In the absence of TRAF1, an increased amount of TRAF2 was recruited to lipid rafts, and subsequently, more robust degradation of TRAF2 and TRAF3 was induced in response to CD40 signaling. In contrast, LMP1 did not require either TRAFs 1 or 2 to induce activation. Taken together, our findings indicate that TRAF1 and TRAF2 cooperate in CD40 but not LMP1 signaling and suggest that cellular levels of TRAF1 may play an important role in modulating the degradation of TRAF2 and TRAF3 in response to signals from the TNFR superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xie
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Arron JR, Walsh MC, Choi Y. TRAF‐MediatedTNFR‐Family Signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002; Chapter 11:11.9D.1-11.9D.14. [DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im1109ds51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Arron
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew C. Walsh
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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Arron JR, Pewzner-Jung Y, Walsh MC, Kobayashi T, Choi Y. Regulation of the subcellular localization of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF)2 by TRAF1 reveals mechanisms of TRAF2 signaling. J Exp Med 2002; 196:923-34. [PMID: 12370254 PMCID: PMC2194023 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20020774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF)2 is a critical adaptor molecule for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors in inflammatory and immune signaling. Upon receptor engagement, TRAF2 is recruited to CD40 and translocates to lipid rafts in a RING finger-dependent process, which enables the activation of downstream signaling cascades including c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. Although TRAF1 can displace TRAF2 and CD40 from raft fractions, it promotes the ability of TRAF2 activate signaling over a sustained period of time. Removal of the RING finger of TRAF2 prevents its translocation into detergent-insoluble complexes and renders it dominant negative for signaling. TRAF1(-/-) dendritic cells show attenuated responses to secondary stimulation by TRAF2-dependent factors and increased stimulus-dependent TRAF2 degradation. Replacement of the RING finger of TRAF2 with a raft-targeting signal restores JNK activation and association with the cyto-skeletal protein Filamin, but not NF-kappaB activation. These findings offer insights into the mechanism of TRAF2 signaling and identify a physiological role for TRAF1 as a regulator of the subcellular localization of TRAF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Arron
- Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Zapata JM, Reed JC. TRAF1: lord without a RING. SCIENCE'S STKE : SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION KNOWLEDGE ENVIRONMENT 2002; 2002:pe27. [PMID: 12023442 DOI: 10.1126/stke.2002.133.pe27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) constitute a family of adaptor proteins that associate with the cytosolic tail of particular TNF-family receptors (TNFR) and regulate cytokine signaling by linking TNFRs with downstream protein kinases, ubiquitin ligases, and other effector proteins. A total of six members of this family (TRAF1-6) have been identified in mammals. TRAF1 is unique among TRAFs because it lacks a RING finger domain present in TRAF2-6 that has been shown to be required for TRAF2- and TRAF6-mediated activities. TRAF1 also has the most restricted expression among TRAFs, and is found almost exclusively in activated lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and certain epithelia. Recent evidence obtained from TRAF1(-/-) mice shows that TRAF1-deficient T cells are hyper-responsive to TNF-alpha, having increased T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent T cell proliferation rates in vitro. Also, these TRAF1(-/-) mice had increased sensitivity to TNF-alpha-induced skin necrosis in vivo. These results support a role for TRAF1 as a negative regulator of signaling by certain TNF-family receptors. This review summarizes current knowledge about TRAF1, focusing on the new information provided by these TRAF1-deficient mice. Also, the pros and cons of TRAFs as potential targets for drug discovery are discussed.
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