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Hussein Zaki A, Haiying B, Mohany M, Al-Rejaie SS, Abugammie B. The effect mechanism of ergosterol from the nutritional mushroom Leucocalocybe mongolica in breast cancer cells: Protein expression modulation and metabolomic profiling using UHPLC-ESI-Q. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102045. [PMID: 38571766 PMCID: PMC10988126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The ergosterol from mushrooms has gained significant ethnopharmacological importance in various cultures, including China, Japan, and Europe. This compound has been found to possess immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory properties, making it useful in the treatment of immune disorders. In this study, we focused on investigating the potential anticancer properties of ergosterol isolated from the edible mushroom Leucocalocybe mongolica in breast cancer cell lines. The ergosterol was purified and identified using advanced analytical techniques such as ESI-MS and NMR. We conducted cell proliferation assays on 4 T1 breast cancer cells to assess the cytotoxic effects of ergosterol. Furthermore, we analyzed the transcription levels of BAX, caspase-7, BCL-2, STAT-3, and PARP proteins using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Additionally, we employed non-targeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to study the potential mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of ergosterol at the metabolomics level. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in cell viability and the induction of apoptosis upon treatment with ergosterol, especially at higher concentrations (P < 0.05). Moreover, ergosterol affected the expression of cancer-related genes, upregulating pro-apoptotic proteins such as BAX, caspase-7, and PARP, while downregulating the anti-apoptotic proteins BCL-2 and STAT-3 (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis confirmed these findings and provided further evidence of ergosterol's role in inducing apoptosis. Metabolomics analysis revealed substantial changes in pathways related to amino acid, antioxidant, and carbohydrate metabolism. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that ergosterol exhibits anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis and modulating metabolic pathways in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Hussein Zaki
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
- Departments of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Bao Haiying
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S. Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahaa Abugammie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Fonseca J, Vaz JA, Ricardo S. The Potential of Mushroom Extracts to Improve Chemotherapy Efficacy in Cancer Cells: A Systematic Review. Cells 2024; 13:510. [PMID: 38534354 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a challenge in cancer treatment, limiting the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Mushroom extracts have shown potential as treatments for cancer therapies, offering a possible solution to overcome chemoresistance. This systematic review aimed to explore the role of mushroom extracts in enhancing chemotherapy and reversing chemoresistance in cancer cells. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases, following the PRISMA guidelines, and registered on PROSPERO. The extracts acted by inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells, as well as enhancing the effect of chemotherapy. The mechanisms by which they acted included regulating anti-apoptotic proteins, inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, inhibiting the ERK1/2 pathway, modulating microRNAs and regulating p-glycoprotein. These results highlight the potential of mushroom extracts to modulate multiple mechanisms in order to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. This work sheds light on the use of mushroom extracts as an aid to chemotherapy to combat chemoresistance. Although studies are limited, the diversity of mushrooms and their bioactive compounds show promising results for innovative strategies to treat cancer more effectively. It is crucial to carry out further studies to better understand the therapeutic potential of mushroom extracts to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Fonseca
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Toxicologic Pathology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (UCIBIO-IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences-CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Josiana A Vaz
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Sara Ricardo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences-CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
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Liu MH, Liu F, Ng TB, Liu ZK. New fungal protein from Pleurotus ferulae lanzi induces AMPK-mediated autophagy and G1-phase cell cycle arrest in A549 lung cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 244:125453. [PMID: 37330099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A new protein, designated PFAP, with activity against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), was isolated from Pleurotus ferulae lanzi, a medicinal and edible mushroom. The purification method involved hydrophobic interaction chromatography on a HiTrap Octyl FF column and gel filtration on a Superdex 75 column. Sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed a single band with a molecular weight of 14.68 kDa. Following de novo sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, PFAP was identified as a protein consisting of 135 amino acid residues, with a theoretical molecular weight of 14.81 kDa. Tandem mass tag (TMT)™-based quantitative proteomic analysis and western blotting revealed that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was significantly upregulated in NSCLC A549 cells, following PFAP treatment. The downstream regulatory factor mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was suppressed, resulting in the activation of autophagy and upregulated expressions of P62, LC3 II/I, and other related proteins. PFAP blocked NSCLC A549 cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle via upregulating P53 and P21, while subsequently downregulating the expression of cyclin-dependent kinases. PFAP suppresses tumour growth via the same mechanism in a xenograft mouse model in vivo. These results demonstrate that PFAP is a multifunctional protein with anti-NSCLC properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Han Liu
- Department of Microbiology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhao-Kun Liu
- Research Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Qin D, Han S, Liu M, Guo T, Hu Z, Zhou Y, Luo F. Polysaccharides from Phellinus linteus: A systematic review of their extractions, purifications, structures and functions. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123163. [PMID: 36623622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Phellinus linteus (P. linteus) is a famous Chinese medicine and has a long history in China. In recent years, P. linteus polysaccharides (PLPs) have attracted extensive attention because of their biological activities such as anti-bacteria, anti-aging, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective effect and hypoglycemic effect. In this review, we systemically summarized the advances in extractions, purifications and structural characterizations of PLPs, and also analyzed their biological functions and molecular mechanisms. Meanwhile, the structure-activity relationships of PLPs are closely related to their anti-oxidation and anti-tumor activities. So far, the applications of PLPs are still very limited, further exploring structure-activity relationships, biological functions and their mechanisms of PLPs will promote to develop functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Qin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Research Center of Rice Deep Processing and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Research Center of Rice Deep Processing and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Menglin Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Research Center of Rice Deep Processing and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Tianyi Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Research Center of Rice Deep Processing and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zuomin Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Research Center of Rice Deep Processing and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Research Center of Rice Deep Processing and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Research Center of Rice Deep Processing and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
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5
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Analysis of Phellinus Igniarius Effects on Gastric Cancer Cells by Atomic Force Microscopy. Micron 2022; 164:103376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2022.103376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ku YH, Kang JH. Efficacy of Phellinus linteus extract on immunity enhancement: A CONSORT-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30829. [PMID: 36221338 PMCID: PMC9542751 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunity is a major system that defends the human body from the outside. Recently, interest in foods related to immunity has been increasing. METHODS The purpose of this clinical trial was to determine the safety and efficacy of Phellinus linteus (PL) extract in improving immune function. A total of 30 participants were randomly assigned to 3 groups: the PL1000 group (n = 10) took 1000 mg of PL extract and 1000 mg of dextrin per day; the PL2000 group (n = 10) took 2000 mg of PL extract per day; and the placebo group (n = 10) took 2000 mg of dextrin per day. All participants took 2 capsules twice a day for 8 weeks. We measured their natural killer cell activity and cytokine levels in blood before and after consuming the clinical trial food. Variables were also investigated to evaluate safety, such as adverse reactions, vital signs, and abnormal findings. Student t test or the Mann-Whitney U test, a paired t test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, a chi-square test, analysis of variance, and Kruskal-Wallis test were conducted according to the characteristics of the data to compare the differences between each group before and after participants ate the clinical trial food. RESULTS The natural killer cell activity and interleukin-6 levels of the PL1000 group tended to improve compared to those of the placebo group. Immunoglobulin G1, immunoglobulin G2, and immunoglobulin M levels did not show significant changes, but tended to improve in the PL1000 and PL2000 groups compared to those of the placebo group. Both the Per Protocol and Intention to Treat populations had improved validation parameters. It is safe because no hazards were found in the safety assessment. CONCLUSION PL extract can help improve immunity. Evidences to conduct the main clinical trial is secured through this pilot study. A future large-scale main trial will be conducted based on this pilot study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ho Ku
- Department of Korean Medicine, The 20th Fighter Wing, Republic of Korea Air Force, Seosan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hui Kang
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Jae Hui Kang, Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine Daejeon University, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (e-mail: )
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7
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Current Uses of Mushrooms in Cancer Treatment and Their Anticancer Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810502. [PMID: 36142412 PMCID: PMC9504980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Various chemotherapeutic drugs have been extensively used for cancer treatment. However, current anticancer drugs cause severe side effects and induce resistance. Therefore, the development of novel and effective anticancer agents with minimal or no side effects is important. Notably, natural compounds have been highlighted as anticancer drugs. Among them, many researchers have focused on mushrooms that have biological activities, including antitumor activity. The aim of this review is to discuss the anticancer potential of different mushrooms and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We provide information regarding the current clinical status and possible modes of molecular actions of various mushrooms and mushroom-derived compounds. This review will help researchers and clinicians in designing evidence-based preclinical and clinical studies to test the anticancer potential of mushrooms and their active compounds in different types of cancers.
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Study on the potential of Sanghuangporus sanghuang and its components as COVID-19 spike protein receptor binding domain inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113434. [PMID: 36076488 PMCID: PMC9288968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has led to the most severe global pandemic, which began in Wuhan, China. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) combines with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, allowing the virus to cross the membrane and enter the cell. SARS-CoV-2 is modified by the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) to facilitate access to cells. Accordingly, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are targets of vital importance for the avoidance of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sanghuangporus sanghuang (SS) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been demonstrated to have antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties. In this paper, we demonstrated that SS decreased ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in cell lines and a mouse model without cytotoxicity or organ damage. Liver and kidney sections were confirmed to have reduced expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assessment. Then, hispidin, DBA, PAC, PAD and CA, phenolic compounds of SS, were also tested and verified to reduce the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. In summary, the results indicate that SS and its phenolic compounds have latent capacity for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in the future.
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Structural diversity and bioactivity of polysaccharides from medicinal mushroom Phellinus spp.: A review. Food Chem 2022; 397:133731. [PMID: 35908464 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phellinus spp., an important medicinal fungus mushroom extensively cultivated and consumed in East Asia for over 2000 years, is traditionally considered a precious food supplement and medicinal ingredient. Published studies showed that the polysaccharides are major bioactive macromolecules from Phellinus spp. (PPs) with multiple health-promoting effects, including immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and other bioactivities. Although the polysaccharides extracted from the fruiting body, mycelium, and fermentation broth of Phellinus spp. have been extensively studied for the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, and pharmacological activities, the knowledge for their structures and bioactivity relationship, toxicologic effects, and pharmacokinetic profile is limited. This review systematically summarizes the recent progress in the isolation and purification, chemical structures, bioactivities, and the underlying mechanisms of PPs. Information from this review provides insights into the further development of polysaccharides from PPs as therapeutic agents and functional foods.
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Min GJ, Kang HW. Artificial Cultivation Characteristics and Bioactive Effects of Novel Tropicoporus linteus (Syn. Phellinus linteus) Strains HN00K9 and HN6036 in Korea. MYCOBIOLOGY 2021; 49:161-172. [PMID: 37970180 PMCID: PMC10635112 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2021.1892568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Phellinus strains were collected from different areas in Korea. Of them, the fast mycelial growing strains were artificially cultivated on the oak logs to produce fruiting body. The varieties, Phellinus linteus ASI26099 (Korea Sanghwang) and P. baumii PBJS (Jangsoo Sanghwang) were grown under the same conditions as controls. Their cultivating characteristics including mycelial colonization, pinhead formation, and fruiting body formation rate were investigated on the logs. Basidiocarps of Phellinus strains HN00K9, HN6036, and ASI26099 were concentrically zonate and shallowly sulcate, and dark chestnut showing typical characteristics of Tropicoporus linteus (synonyum: P. linteus, Inonotus linteus, polyporus linteus), which is distinguishably different to PBJS. HN00K9 showed the highest yield of fruiting body among the mushroom strains. The β-glucan content in fruiting bodies of HN00K9 was 20% higher than those of other strains. Bioactive effects of polysaccharide samples from fruiting bodies of Phellinus strains, HN00K9, HN6036, ASI26099, and PBJS were assessed on cell viability and cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-α) inhibition and finally on anticancer to different human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong-Jin Min
- Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Hankyong National University, Ansung, Korea
| | - Hee-Wan Kang
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, Division of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Korea
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Korea
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Su X, Liu K, Xie Y, Zhang M, Wu X, Zhang Y, Wang J. Mushroom Inonotus sanghuang alleviates experimental pulmonary fibrosis: Implications for therapy of pulmonary fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:110919. [PMID: 33202282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushroom Inonotus sanghuang has been characterized as a traditional medicine in China and has pharmacological activities to treat inflammation, gastroenteric dysfunction, and cancer. Recently, we reported the impact of Inonotus sanghuang extract (ISE) from ethyl acetate fraction on bleomycin (BLM)-induced acute lung injury in mice. Here, we aimed to investigate ISE's impact on pulmonary fibrosis using in vivo and in vitro models and the underlying mechanisms. To evaluate pulmonary fibrosis, female C57BL/6 mice fed ISE (0% or 0.6% in diet) for 4 weeks were instilled intratracheally with BLM and then continued the same diet before the end of the experiment. A549 cells were used to evaluate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Feeding ISE improved BLM-treated mice's survival via decreasing lung infiltrating cells and fibrosis, followed by reducing hydroxyproline content, collagen deposition, and mesenchymal markers (α-SMA and vimentin) while increasing epithelial marker E-cadherin. ISE also suppressed the TGF-β expression, Smad2/3 phosphorylation, and EMT-related transcription factor Snail upon BLM instillation. Iin vitro study demonstrated that ISE inhibited TGF-β-induced EMT-like phenotype and cell behaviors, the expression of α-SMA and vimentin, and prevented E-cadherin reduction of A549 cells. Consistent with in vivo study, ISE abrogated p-Smad2/3, and Snail expression. Finally, the influence of ISE on EMT was not due to ISE toxicity. Our findings indicated that ISE effectively attenuated BLM-induced lung fibrosis. These ISE properties were thought to be involved in interfering TGF-β, Smad2/3 phosphorylation, and EMT process, suggesting that the material has the potential health benefits to improve lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Su
- Institute of Infection and Immunity and Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China; Department of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Biology Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050061, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Institute of Infection and Immunity and Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China; School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- Institute of Infection and Immunity and Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Institute of Infection and Immunity and Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Institute of Infection and Immunity and Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Junpeng Wang
- Institute of Infection and Immunity and Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
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The high-efficient production of phelligridin LA by Inonotus baumii with an integrated fermentation-separation process. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1141-1151. [PMID: 32078046 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The phelligridin LA was one of the valuable metabolites synthesized by the medicinal fungus Sanghuang in liquid fermentation. In the improvement of PLA productivity by fermentation, we investigated the optimal conditions for the efficient separation of PLA from the fermentation broth with a chromatographic column packed with the macroporous resin ADS-17. Based on the findings, we further developed an integrated bioreactor system that coupled the fermentation and separation of PLA. Fermentation experiments with the bioreactor system testified the performance of our design in fortification of the PLA production: an improvement of PLA production by 2.14 folds was successfully achieved due to the prompt removal of the PLA, while the formation of hyphae biomass was not affected. Also, the integrated system could afford a simultaneous purification of PLA to a purity of 92.95% with a recovery of 84.3%, which was comparable to that of the PLA purified with an additional process (97.53%), at a reasonable recovery. This study provided a feasible approach for the improved production of PLA by fermentation. Besides, the design of the integrated bioreactor system offered a useful reference for the fermentation process development of fungi for the production of diverse valuable metabolites.
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The Biofunctional Effects of Mesima as a Radiosensitizer for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030871. [PMID: 32013255 PMCID: PMC7036851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The tropical basidiomycete fungus Phellinus linteus (Mesima) exhibits anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic, and immunomodulatory properties in various cancers including prostate, colon, and lung cancer along with melanoma by, for example, inducing apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. However, whether medina also facilitates treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third global cause of cancer deaths, remains unknown. Here, we examined its potential as a radiosensitizer in HCC radiotherapy using human HCC Hep3B and HepG2 cell lines and xenograft tumors. Mesima pretreatment significantly enhanced HCC cell radiosensitivity in vitro and the combination of mesima + radiation treatment significantly reduced xenograft tumor growth and size in vivo compared to those with single treatments. Mechanistically, mesima significantly enhanced radiotherapy efficiency by inhibiting tumor cell survival through inducing apoptosis (assessed via annexin V), impairing cell cycle regulation (shown by flow cytometry), and reducing radiation-induced DNA damage repair (measured via γ-H2AX foci). Combination treatment also facilitated autophagic cell death beyond that from single treatments (assessed by quantifying stained acidic vesicular organelles), and diminished tumor cell metastatic potentials (shown by wound and Transwell assays). These findings support the synergistic anti-tumor effects of mesima combined with radiation and suggest scientific evidence for mesima as a radiosensitizer in HCC.
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Phellinus linteus Grown on Germinated Brown Rice Inhibits IgE-Mediated Allergic Activity through the Suppression of Fc εRI-Dependent Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:1485015. [PMID: 31871471 PMCID: PMC6907041 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1485015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phellinus linteus (PL) has been used as a traditional herbal medicine owing to its immune regulatory activity. Previous studies reported that PL grown on germinated brown rice (PBR) exerted immunomodulatory, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, role of PBR on type I hypersensitive reactions has not been studied yet. We found that PBR contained more polyphenolic compounds than PL extract. Among fractions, PBR butanol fraction (PBR-BuOH) significantly contained the most amounts of total polyphenolic contents compared with all extracts or fractions. In this study, anti-allergic activity of PBR-BuOH was examined using in vitro and in vivo models of immunoglobulin E/antigen- (IgE/Ag-) stimulated allergy. The inhibitory activity of degranulation was higher in PBR-BuOH (IC50 41.31 ± 0.14 μg/mL) than in PL-BuOH (IC50 108.07 ± 8.98 μg/mL). We observed that PBR-BuOH suppressed calcium influx and the level of TNF-α and IL-4 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. The phosphorylation of Fyn, Gab2, PI3K, Syk, and IκB protein is reduced by PBR-BuOH. Oral administration of PBR-BuOH inhibited allergic reactions including the extravasation of Evans blue dye, ear swelling, and infiltration of immune cells in mice with passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). These findings suggest that PBR-BuOH might be used as a functional food, a health supplement, or a drug for preventing type I hypersensitive allergic disease.
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Wen Y, Wan YZ, Qiao CX, Xu XF, Wang J, Shen Y. Immunoregenerative effects of the bionically cultured Sanghuang mushrooms (Inonotus sanghuagn) on the immunodeficient mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 245:112047. [PMID: 31394179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Description of the pharmacological activities of Sanghuang mushrooms (Inonotus Sanghuang) can be traced back to Tang dynasty of China 1300 years ago. This mushroom has been widely accepted in China, Japan, Korea and certain regions of Europe as a nutraceutical medicine for enhancing immunity or an alternative medicine for prevention or inhibition of tumorigenesis. However, this mushroom is rarely available from the mulberry trees in the wild because of the rigorous conditions needed for formation of the Sanghuang mushrooms. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to establish a practical protocol for culture, particularly for a bunch of production of Sanghuang mushrooms possibly to commercialize the cultured Sanghuang based on deep comparison of quality and pharmacological activities between the cultured and the wild Sanghuang. MATERIALS AND METHODS A phylogenetic tree containing five strains of the wild Sanghuang was constructed using rDNA markers. Different temperatures and medium compositions were surveyed to develop a practical protocol for culture of the Sanghuang mushrooms. 5-fluorouracil was used to induce the immunodeficient mice. Chemotherapeutic components and pharmacological activities were deeply analyzed between a cultured strain (SG) and three strains of the wild Sanghuang. RESULTS Maintenance of a temperature of 22-28 °C and a high relative humidity of 90-95%, and use of a high ratio (80%) of mulberry tree sticks in the medium were critical to successful culture of Sanghuang. The cultured mushrooms were yellow with a uniform shape, while the wild Sanghuang was dark brown with a smaller and irregular shape. The cultured mushrooms contained significantly higher levels of polysaccharides, amino acids, and water-soluble nutraceuticals, whereas flavones in the wild Sanghuang were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Use of a dose of 8 mg/kg or 16 mg/kg to immunoregenerate the immunodeficient mice was comparable between the cultured and wild Sanghang based on analysis of hematological parameters and histological examination of the thymus and spleen in the treated mice. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the potential of the immunoregenerative functions of the cultured Sanghuang for cancer chemotherapy and suggests that the cultured Sanghuang can be an alternative to wild Sanghuang used for nutraceutical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China.
| | - Yi-Zhen Wan
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China; College of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Chun-Xia Qiao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China.
| | - Yi Shen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China.
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Pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization enhances the anti-cancer efficacy of self-assembled galactomannan nanoparticles entrapped with hydrazinocurcumin. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 9:1159-1188. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chao W, Deng JS, Li PY, Kuo YH, Huang GJ. Inotilone from Inonotus linteus suppresses lung cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo through ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT/MAPK signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2344. [PMID: 30787353 PMCID: PMC6382761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38959-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the main causes of mortality in cancer patients. Inotilone, a major component of Inonotus linteus, is a traditional Chinese medical herb. In this study, MTT results showed that inotilone had no obvious cytotoxicity. Animal model results revealed that inotilone suppressed cancer metastatic efficacy. Serum results showed that inotilone reduced the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) activity as well as NO content. Additionally, inotilone affected MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 protein expression and improved the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in the lung tissues of LLC-bearing mice. In addition, cell experimental results showed that inotilone reduced the activity of MMP-2/-9 and inhibited the ability for cellular migration and invasion. Inotilone decreased interleukin (IL)-8 expression in A549 cells. Western blot results revealed that inotilone affected the protein expression of MMPs, nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, anti-oxidant enzymes, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)-AKT, and nuclear factor (NF)κB. Therefore, we propose that inotilone is a potential therapeutic candidate against metastatic lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chao
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shyan Deng
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Li
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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Lee SH, Hwang HK, Kang CM, Lee WJ. Potential Impact of Phellinus linteus on Adherence to Adjuvant Treatment After Curative Resection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Outcomes of a Propensity Score-Matched Analysis. Integr Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1534735418816825. [PMID: 30501431 PMCID: PMC6432682 DOI: 10.1177/1534735418816825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy is the only therapeutic option in pancreatic cancer. However, there is limited research evaluating methods of improving adherence to adjuvant treatment after curative resection. METHODS From January 1995 to December 2014, 323 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent pancreatectomy at the Severance Hospital were enrolled in this study. We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathologic factors with propensity score matching method. RESULTS The final study population was 217, after excluding patients undergoing neoadjuvant treatment or palliative resection, those who died within 30 days after operation, and those lost to follow-up after discharge. Among them, 161 received adjuvant treatment after curative resection. Cox's proportional hazard models revealed that nodal metastasis, perioperative transfusion, and completion of adjuvant treatment were significantly correlated with cancer recurrence and cancer-related death ( P < .05). Phellinus linteus (PL) medication was the only significant predictor for completion of adjuvant treatment after curative resection in logistic regression analysis ( P = .039). Disease-free and overall survival of the PL medication group were significantly higher than the no PL medication group ( P < .05). CONCLUSIONS PL medication potentially contributed to long-term oncologic outcomes by increasing patients' adherence to postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, which resulted from PL medication associated with low toxicity of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwan Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Hwang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Moo Kang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Jung Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Polysaccharide isolated from Phellinus linteus mycelia exerts anti-inflammatory effects via MAPK and PPAR signaling pathways. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:487-497. [PMID: 30177190 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the anti-inflammatory function of Phellinus linteus polysaccharide (PLP) was investigated in animal and cell inflammation models, and the anti-inflammatory mechanism of PLP was also explored. Sixty 8-week ICR mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, and DSS group and DSS + PLP group mice received 2.0% DSS and PLP was orally administered at 500 mg/kg/day. Our data showed that PLP administration obviously improved the health status of mice and inhibited DSS-induced pathological alterations and significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine expressions in the colonic tissues. In lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation cell model, PLP supplement also significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine expressions and inhibited MAPK pathway as well as the translocations of NF-κB and AP-1. Meanwhile, PLP supplement regulated PPARα and PPARγ phosphorylation and blocked MAPK activation. Taken together, PLP exhibits anti-inflammatory function and its molecular mechanism may be involved in MAPK and PPAR signal pathways, which reduce the expressions of inflammatory cytokines.
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Huang SC, Wang PW, Kuo PC, Hung HY, Pan TL. Hepatoprotective Principles and Other Chemical Constituents from the Mycelium of Phellinus linteus. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071705. [PMID: 30002357 PMCID: PMC6099599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced hepatic fibrosis Wistar rat model, the mycelium extract of Phellinus linteus (PLE) (20 mg/Kg) displayed significant protection against hepatic fibrosis. The present investigation characterized eleven new ionone derivatives, phellinulins D–N (4–14), from the P. linteus mycelium extract and the relative stereochemical structures were constructed according to the spectroscopic and spectrometric analytical results. Some purified compounds were examined for their inhibitory effects on activated rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and several isolates did exhibit significant protection. The results indicated that the mycelium of P. linteus could be explored as a hepatoprotective drug or healthy food candidate in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiow-Chyn Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Tai-Long Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology; Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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Chen S, Su T, Wang Z. Structural characterization, antioxidant activity, and immunological activity in vitro of polysaccharides from fruiting bodies of Suillus granulatus. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering; Liaoning Shihua University; Fushun China
| | - Tingting Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering; Liaoning Shihua University; Fushun China
| | - Zhanyong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering; Liaoning Shihua University; Fushun China
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Chen GT, Fu YX, Yang WJ, Hu QH, Zhao LY. Effects of polysaccharides from the base of Flammulina Velutipes stipe on growth of murine RAW264.7, B16F10 and L929 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:2150-2156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Yu T, Ganapathy S, Shen L, Peng B, Kim SH, Makriyannis A, Chen C. A lethal synergy induced by phellinus linteus and camptothecin11 in colon cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:6308-6319. [PMID: 29464074 PMCID: PMC5814214 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Side effects of anti-cancer drugs are always challenging for effective cancer treatments. The polysaccharides extracted from Phellinus linteus (PLGL) have been widely used in treating cancers. However, the mechanism by which PLGL antagonizes cancerous growth has not been fully investigated. The current study demonstrated that human colon cancer HCT116 and HT29 cells became highly susceptible to cell death when being co-treated with PLGL and low dose of camptothecin11 (CPT11, a topoisomerase inhibitor-based drug), the efficacy of which was comparable as that generated by the high dose of CPT11. However, the co-treatment, unlike high doses of CPT11, was not cytotoxic to the control immortalized colon Caco-2 cells. The co-treatment caused high percentages of the colon cancer cells to accumulate in S phase of the cell cycle, which was also seen in the same cells received the high dose of CPT11 treatment. Chk1 was phosphorylated, and then rapidly degraded in the cancer cells treated with the high dose of CPT11 or co-treatment, but not in the cells treated with PLGL alone or low doses of CPT11. PLGL appeared enhancing CPT11 inhibitory effect on topoisomerase, and Chk1 degradatopm in the cancer cells. Furthermore, cyclin E (clnE) became unstable at the transcription level in co-treated or PLGL-treated colon cancer cells. The data suggested that PLGL functions in two ways to achieve its lethal synergy with CPT11 in colon cancer cells. Our findings are of potential significance as PLGL represents a promising medicine for overcoming the side effects of CPT11 and perhaps also for improving other CPTs-based regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Yu
- The Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ling Shen
- The Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bo Peng
- The Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Changyan Chen
- The Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Anti-Inflammatory Phenolic Metabolites from the Edible Fungus Phellinus baumii in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101583. [PMID: 28934155 PMCID: PMC6151649 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The edible fungus Phellinus baumii Pilat (Hymenochaetaceae) has been used in Korean traditional medicines for strengthening health and prolonging life. An extract of the fruiting bodies of P. baumii was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation based on its anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The resulting fractions were chemically investigated, leading to isolation of three phenolic compounds (1-3), a sesquiterpene (4), two steroids (5-6), a fatty acid (7), and a cerebroside (8). Spectroscopic analyses including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and LC/MS were used to determine their chemical structures. Compounds 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8 were identified in P. baumii for the first time. Since all compounds were isolated from active fractions with anti-inflammatory activity, their ability to inhibit LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells were evaluated in vitro. Compounds 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 inhibited LPS-stimulated NO production, and compounds 1-3 had IC50 values <10 μM. Treatment of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with compounds 1-3 inhibited phosphorylation of IKKα and IκBα. In addition, treatment of compounds 1-3 reduced LPS-induced increases of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, iNOS and COX-2 protein expressions. Collectively, compounds 1-3 inhibited NF-κB-dependent inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. Thus, P. baumii is a potential source of natural anti-inflammatory agents, and active compounds 1-3 could be promising lead compounds for the development of novel anti-inflammatory agents.
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Liu D, Sun Q, Xu J, Li N, Lin J, Chen S, Li F. Purification, characterization, and bioactivities of a polysaccharide from mycelial fermentation of Bjerkandera fumosa. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 167:115-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yan JK, Pei JJ, Ma HL, Wang ZB, Liu YS. Advances in antitumor polysaccharides from phellinus sensu lato: Production, isolation, structure, antitumor activity, and mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1256-1269. [PMID: 26506312 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.984802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Edible and medicinal fungi (mushrooms) are widely applied to functional foods and nutraceutical products because of their proven nutritive and medicinal properties. Phellinus sensu lato is a well-known medicinal mushroom that has long been used in preventing ailments, including gastroenteric dysfunction, diarrhea, hemorrhage, and cancers, in oriental countries, particularly in China, Japan, and Korea. Polysaccharides represent a major class of bioactive molecules in Phellinus s. l., which have notable antitumor, immunomodulatory, and medicinal properties. Polysaccharides that were isolated from fruiting bodies, cultured mycelia, and filtrates of Phellinus s. l. have not only activated different immune responses of the host organism but have also directly suppressed tumor growth and metastasis. Studies suggest that polysaccharides from Phellinus s. l. are promising alternative anticancer agents or synergizers for existing antitumor drugs. This review summarizes the recent development of polysaccharides from Phellinus s. l., including polysaccharide production, extraction and isolation methods, chemical structure, antitumor activities, and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Kun Yan
- a School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China
| | - Juan-Juan Pei
- a School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China
| | - Hai-Le Ma
- a School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China
| | - Zhen-Bin Wang
- a School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China
| | - Yuan-Shuai Liu
- b Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Kowloon, Hong Kong , Hong Kong
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Chen H, Tian T, Miao H, Zhao YY. Traditional uses, fermentation, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Phellinus linteus : A review. Fitoterapia 2016; 113:6-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Liu MM, Zeng P, Li XT, Shi LG. Antitumor and immunomodulation activities of polysaccharide from Phellinus baumii. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:1199-205. [PMID: 27370747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A homogeneous polysaccharide (PPB) was purified from fruiting bodies of Phellinus baumii. And in vitro antitumor and immunomodulation activities were investigated on HeLa, SGC-7901 and RAW264.7 cell lines. PPB inhibited the proliferation of HeLa and SGC-7901 cells significantly, and flow cytometric studies revealed that PPB could mediate the cell cycle in the G0/G1 and S phases. Furthermore, PPB could promote the growth and phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells, activate the secretion of cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, which indicated that PPB had low toxicity. The results make PPB as a candidate adjuvant in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lian-Gen Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Huang SC, Kuo PC, Hung HY, Pan TL, Chen FA, Wu TS. Ionone Derivatives from the Mycelium of Phellinus linteus and the Inhibitory Effect on Activated Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050681. [PMID: 27164091 PMCID: PMC4881507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new γ-ionylideneacetic acid derivatives, phellinulins A-C (1-3), were characterized from the mycelium extract of Phellinus linteus. The chemical structures were established based on the spectroscopic analysis. In addition, phellinulin A (1) was subjected to the examination of effects on activated rat hepatic stellate cells and exhibited significant inhibition of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiow-Chyn Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Tai-Long Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-An Chen
- Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan.
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan.
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Li SC, Yang XM, Ma HL, Yan JK, Guo DZ. Purification, characterization and antitumor activity of polysaccharides extracted from Phellinus igniarius mycelia. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 133:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from mycelium of Phellinus pini and culture medium. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 117:600-604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Lee WY, Hsu KF, Chiang TA, Chen CJ. Phellinus linteus extract induces autophagy and synergizes with 5-fluorouracil to inhibit breast cancer cell growth. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:275-84. [PMID: 25622112 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.989374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Phellinus linteus (PL) is a medicinal mushroom due to its several biological properties, including anticancer activity. However, the mechanisms of its anticancer effect remain to be elucidated. We evaluated the inhibitory effects of the ethanolic extract from the PL combined with 5-FU on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and to determine the mechanism of cell death. Individually, PL extract and 5-FU significantly inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. PL extract (30 mg/mL) in combination with 5-FU (10 μg/mL) synergistically inhibited MDA-MB-231 cells by 1.8-fold. PL did not induce apoptosis, as demonstrated by the DNA fragmentation assay, the sub-G1 population, and staining with annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide. The exposure of MDA-MB-231 cells to PL extracts resulted in several confirmed characteristics of autophagy, including the appearance of autophagic vacuoles revealed by monodansylcadaverine staining, the formation of acidic vesicular organelles, autophagosome membrane association of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) characterized by cleavage of LC3 and its punctuate redistribution, and ultrastructural observation of autophagic vacuoles by transmission electron microscopy. We concluded that PL extracts synergized with low doses of 5-FU to inhibit triple-negative breast cancer cell growth and demonstrated that PL extract can induce autophagy-related cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Lee
- a Department of Pathology , Chi Mei Medical Center , Tainan , Taiwan ; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan ; and Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology , Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology , Tainan , Taiwan
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Zhou C, Jiang SS, Wang CY, Li R, Che HL. Different immunology mechanisms of Phellinus igniarius in inhibiting growth of liver cancer and melanoma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:3659-65. [PMID: 24870774 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.8.3659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess inhibition mechanisms of a Phellinus igniarius (PI) extract on cancer, C57BL/6 mice were orally treated with PI extractive after or before implanting H22 (hepatocellular carcinoma ) or B16 (melanoma) cells. Mice were orally gavaged with different doses of PI for 36 days 24h after introduction of H22 or B16 cells. Mice in another group were orally treated as above daily for 42 days and implanted with H22 cells on day 7. Then the T lymphocyte, antibody, cytokine, LAK, NK cell activity in spleen, tumor cell apoptosis status and tumor inhibition in related organs, as well as the expression of iNOS and PCNA in tumor tissue were examined. The PI extract could improve animal immunity as well as inhibit cancer cell growth and metastasis with a dose-response relationship. Notably, PI's regulation with the two kinds of tumor appeared to occur in different ways, since the antibody profile and tumor metastasis demonstrated variation between animals implanted with hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China E-mail :
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Suabjakyong P, Nishimura K, Toida T, Van Griensven LJLD. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides from Phellinus linteus and Phellinus igniarius on the IL-6/IL-10 cytokine balance of the mouse macrophage cell lines (RAW 264.7). Food Funct 2015; 6:2834-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00491h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phellinus linteus and igniarius (L.) Quel. have been used in traditional Asian medicine for over two centuries against a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papawee Suabjakyong
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chiba University
- Chiba
- Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nishimura
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chiba University
- Chiba
- Japan
| | - Toshihiko Toida
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chiba University
- Chiba
- Japan
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Natural Polysaccharides from Mushrooms: Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Properties. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Monteiro LDS, Bastos KX, Barbosa-Filho JM, de Athayde-Filho PF, Diniz MDFFM, Sobral MV. Medicinal Plants and Other Living Organisms with Antitumor Potential against Lung Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:604152. [PMID: 25147575 PMCID: PMC4131470 DOI: 10.1155/2014/604152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. As a result, it is often associated with a significant amount of suffering and a general decrease in the quality of life. Herbal medicines are recognized as an attractive approach to lung cancer therapy with little side effects and are a major source of new drugs. The aim of this work was to review the medicinal plants and other living organisms with antitumor potential against lung cancer. The assays were conducted with animals and humans, and Lewis lung carcinoma was the most used experimental model. China, Japan, South Korea, and Ethiopia were the countries that most published studies of species with antitumor activity. Of the 38 plants evaluated, 27 demonstrated antitumor activity. In addition, six other living organisms were cited for antitumor activity against lung cancer. Mechanisms of action, combination with chemotherapeutic drugs, and new technologies to increase activity and reduce the toxicity of the treatment are discussed. This review was based on the NAPRALERT databank, Web of Science, and Chemical Abstracts. This work shows that natural products from plants continue to be a rich source of herbal medicines or biologically active compounds against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luara de Sousa Monteiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Katherine Xavier Bastos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - José Maria Barbosa-Filho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marianna Vieira Sobral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Yan GH, Choi YH. Phellinus linteus Extract Exerts Anti-asthmatic Effects by Suppressing NF-κB and p38 MAPK Activity in an OVA-induced Mouse Model of Asthma. Immune Netw 2014; 14:107-15. [PMID: 24851100 PMCID: PMC4022778 DOI: 10.4110/in.2014.14.2.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phellinus linteus has been used as a traditional herbal medicine in Asian countries and is known to have anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic activities. However, the protective effects of P. linteus against experimental asthma have not been fully investigated. The objective of this study was to determine whether P. linteus ethanol extract (PLE) suppresses inflammatory response in an OVA-induced asthma model. As expected, the oral administration of PLE significantly inhibited eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in OVA-challenged BALB/c mice. Supporting these data, the augmentation of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), eotaxin, and adhesion molecules in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after OVA inhalation was markedly attenuated by PLE. Furthermore, PLE reduced OVA-induced activation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK in lung tissues. Therefore, our results suggest the potential of P. linteus as a therapeutic agent for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Hai Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University School of Basic Medical Sciences, YanJi 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Yun Ho Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-180, Korea
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Nie X, Shi B, Ding Y, Tao W. Antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of weikangfu granule compound in tumor-bearing mice. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2014; 67:138-50. [PMID: 24678090 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weikangfu granule compound (WKC) is a drug preparation based on a clinical prescription drug, Weikangfu-tang, which has been found to have therapeutic effects on gastric cancer. WKC comprises 7 components, including polysaccharides, saponin, flavonoids, and essential oil. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of WKC in a tumor-bearing rodent model. METHODS Male and female Kuming mice weighing ∼20 g were subcutaneously implanted with sarcoma 180 (S180) tumor cells and randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatment groups: oral WKC 175, 350, or 525 mg/kg·d, isotonic saline (negative control), or intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide 25 mg/kg·d (positive control). All treatments were administered daily for 10 days. After euthanization on day 11, the mice, tumors, and spleens were weighed. Lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity were determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cellular viability assay method. Macrophage phagocytosis was identified using a yeast test. RESULTS Fifty mice were included in the study (10 mice were assigned to each group). The tumors of the mice administered WKC 175, 350, and 525 mg/kg·d were significantly regressed, as determined using MICs, compared with those in the negative-control group (P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.01, respectively), and the inhibitory rates were 30.43%, 46.72%, and 54.35%, respectively. Compared with those in the negative-control group, CTL activities and lymphocyte proliferations in the presence of concanavalin A were significantly greater in the WKC-treated groups at all doses (CTL activities: P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.01, respectively; lymphocyte proliferations: P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.01, respectively). In the groups receiving WKC 175, 350, and 525 mg/kg·d, the phagocytic rates were 1.5- to 2.0-fold those in the negative-control group (P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.01, respectively). In the groups receiving WKC 175, 350, and 525 mg/kg·d, the phagocytic indexes were 3.7- to 5.0-fold those in the negative-control group (all, P<0.01). In contrast, lymphocyte proliferation in the positive-control group was significantly less compared with that in the negative-control group (P<0.01), but no significant differences were found in CTL activities or macrophage phagocytosis between these 2 groups. CONCLUSION The results of this study in a rodent model suggest that WKC exhibited antitumor and immunomodulatory activities in S180-bearing mice, and that WKC improved nonspecific and specific immune functions in mice, such as lymphocyte proliferation, CTL activity, and macrophage phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Nie
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojun Shi
- Guangdong VTR Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Ding
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyi Tao
- College of Biotechnology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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HONG HEEOK, KIM CHANGJU, KIM JAEDEUNG, SEO JINHEE. β-glucan reduces exercise-induced stress through downregulation of c-Fos and c-Jun expression in the brains of exhausted rats. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1660-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Natural Polysaccharides from Mushrooms: Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Properties. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_77-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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van Griensven LJ, Verhoeven HA. Phellinus linteus polysaccharide extracts increase the mitochondrial membrane potential and cause apoptotic death of THP-1 monocytes. Chin Med 2013; 8:25. [PMID: 24344650 PMCID: PMC3878362 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-8-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The differentiation resp. death of human monocytic THP-1 cells induced by polysaccharide extracts of the medicinal mushrooms Phellinus linteus, Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus brasiliensis have been studied. This study aims to identify leads for the causal effects of these mushroom components on cell differentiation and death. Methods THP-1 cells were treated with different polysaccharide extracts of mushrooms and controls. Morphological effects were observed by light microscopy. Flow cytometry was applied to follow the cell differentiation by cell cycle shifts after staining with propidium iodide, changes of mitochondrial membrane potential after incubation with JC-1, and occurrence of intracellular reactive oxygen species after incubation with hydroethidine. Principal component analysis of the data was performed to evaluate the cellular effects of the different treatments. Results P. linteus polysaccharide extracts induced dose-dependent apoptosis of THP-1 cells within 24 h, while A. bisporus and A. brasiliensis polysaccharide extracts caused differentiation into macrophages. A pure P. linteus polysaccharide had no effect. Apoptosis was inhibited by preincubating THP-1 cells with human serum. The principal component analysis revealed that P. linteus, A. bisporus and A. brasiliensis polysaccharide extracts increased reactive oxygen species production. Both A. bisporus and A. brasiliensis polysaccharide extracts decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, while this was increased by P. linteus polysaccharide extracts. Conclusions P. linteus polysaccharide extracts caused apoptosis of THP-1 monocytes while A. bisporus and A. brasiliensis polysaccharide extracts caused these cells to differentiate into macrophages. The protective effects of human serum suggested that P. linteus polysaccharide extract induced apoptosis by extrinsic pathway, i.e. by binding to the TRAIL receptor. The mitochondrial membrane potential together with reactive oxygen species seems to play an important role in cell differentiation and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Jld van Griensven
- Department of Bioscience, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6700AA, The Netherlands.
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Kim JM, Park JD, Park DC, Kim BO. In vivo Antitumor Activity and Acute, Subacute Toxicity of Keumsa (Phellinus linteus) Extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2013.23.11.1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhong S, Ji DF, Li YG, Lin TB, Lv ZQ, Chen HP. Activation of P27kip1-cyclin D1/E-CDK2 pathway by polysaccharide from Phellinus linteus leads to S-phase arrest in HT-29 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206:222-9. [PMID: 24060681 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that polysaccharide (P1) from Phellinus linteus exhibits a significant inhibitive activity on human colorectal carcinoma cells (HT-29). However its novel molecular mechanism remains unknown. To obtain insights into P1's mechanism of action, we examined its effects on cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, autophagy, and expression of several cell cycle interrelated proteins in HT-29 cells. Interestingly, we found that volume and weight of the solid tumor significantly decreased in P1 (200mg/kg)-treated mice compared with the control. However, slightly increased the body weight of the P1 treated tumor-bearing mice, with no significant increased ALT, AST levels in serum and LPO concentration in liver and kidney indicated that P1 has no toxicity to mammals at a dose of 200mg/kg. Furthermore, P1 caused a significantly dose-dependent increase in the S-phase cell cycle, but no apoptosis and autophagy in HT-29 cells. RT-PCR and Western blot results showed significantly down-regulated expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin E, and CDK2, as well as increased expressions of P27kip1 in P1 (100 μg/mL)-treated HT-29 cells. These results suggested that the activation of P27kip1-cyclin D1/E-CDK2 pathway is involved in P1-induced S-phase cell cycle arrest in HT-29 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zhong
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
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Vannucci L, Krizan J, Sima P, Stakheev D, Caja F, Rajsiglova L, Horak V, Saieh M. Immunostimulatory properties and antitumor activities of glucans (Review). Int J Oncol 2013; 43:357-64. [PMID: 23739801 PMCID: PMC3775562 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
New foods and natural biological modulators have recently become of scientific interest in the investigation of the value of traditional medical therapeutics. Glucans have an important part in this renewed interest. These fungal wall components are claimed to be useful for various medical purposes and they are obtained from medicinal mushrooms commonly used in traditional Oriental medicine. The immunotherapeutic properties of fungi extracts have been reported, including the enhancement of anticancer immunity responses. These properties are principally related to the stimulation of cells of the innate immune system. The discovery of specific receptors for glucans on dendritic cells (dectin-1), as well as interactions with other receptors, mainly expressed by innate immune cells (e.g., Toll-like receptors, complement receptor-3), have raised new attention toward these products as suitable therapeutic agents. We briefly review the characteristics of the glucans from mycelial walls as modulators of the immunity and their possible use as antitumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Vannucci
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, v.v.i., 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Matsuba S, Matsuno H, Sakuma M, Komatsu Y. Phellinus linteus Extract Augments the Immune Response in Mitomycin C-Induced Immunodeficient Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 5:85-90. [PMID: 18317553 PMCID: PMC2249738 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nem001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phellinus linteus is a fungus distributed throughout Japan, Korea and China. Boiled water-soluble extracts from P. linteus (PLW) have shown anti-tumor and immunomodulatory properties in experiments done by intraperitoneal treatment, or in in vitro cell cultures. This is the first investigation on how oral administration of PLW influences immune responses. Here, we established immunodeficient mice by mitomycin C (MMC) and then researched how PLW influenced plaque-forming cell (PFC) production and populations of cytokine [interferon- (IFNγ-) and interleukin-4 (IL-4)]-producing T lymphocytes. PLW samples were administered orally for 19 days (1, 2 or 4 g/kg/day). PFC assay was followed using Jerne's method. IFN- and IL-4-producing T lymphocyte populations were measured by flow-activated cell sorter (FACS). These assays were conducted the day after the last oral administration. MMC groups were given MMC (1 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 6 days with PLW administration. The number of PFC per 106 spleen cells increased significantly in the PLW (2 g/kg/day) group when compared with the MMC-control (P < 0.05) while populations of IFNγ- and IL-4-producing T lymphocytes decreased by MMC treatment. However, the PLW group tended to increase more than the MMC-control. Our results indicated that PLW augments the immune response of the spleen in MMC-induced immunodeficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Matsuba
- Kanazawa Medical University, Department of Fundamental Research for CAM, Uchinada, Ishikawa prefecture and Sun R&D Institute for Natural Medicines Co, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
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Gao C, Zhong L, Jiang L, Geng C, Yao X, Cao J. Phellinus linteus mushroom protects against tacrine-induced mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:705-709. [PMID: 23523257 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tacrine (THA) was the first drug licensed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Unfortunately, reversible hepatotoxicity is evident in about 30% of patients and limits its clinical use. The intracellular mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Phellinus linteus (PL) is a mushroom that has long been used as a folk medicine. In our previous study, we found that PL could decrease the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in HepG2 cells. Presently, protective effects of PL on tacrine-induced ROS formation and mitochondria dysfunction were evaluated. The results showed that PL significantly reduced tacrine-induced ROS production, disruption of ΔΨm, 8-OHdG formation in mitochondrial DNA, and cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. These data suggest that PL could attenuate the cytotoxicity and mitochondria dysfunction induced by tacrine in HepG2 cells. The protection is probably mediated by an antioxidant protective mechanism. Consumption of PL may be a plausible way to prevent tacrine-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng Gao
- Occupational and Environmental Health Department, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, China
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Huang SC, Kuo PC, Hwang TL, Chan YY, Chen CH, Wu TS. Three novel sesquiterpenes from the mycelium of Phellinus linteus. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kim JS, Park YS, Kim JY, Kim YG, Kim YJ, Lee HK, Kim HS, Hong JT, Kim Y, Han SB. Inhibition of human pancreatic tumor growth by cytokine-induced killer cells in nude mouse xenograft model. Immune Netw 2012; 12:247-52. [PMID: 23396819 PMCID: PMC3566419 DOI: 10.4110/in.2012.12.6.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth commonest cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. However, no adequate therapy for pancreatic cancer has yet been found. In this study, the antitumor activity of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells against the human pancreatic cancer was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with IL-2-containing medium in anti-CD3 for 14 days. The resulting populations of CIK cells comprised 94% CD3+, 4% CD3-CD56+, 41% CD3+CD56+, 11% CD4+, and 73% CD8+. This heterogeneous cell population was called cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. At an effector-target cell ratio of 100:1, CIK cells destroyed 51% of AsPC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells, as measured by the 51Cr-release assay. In addition, CIK cells at doses of 3 and 10 million cells per mouse inhibited 42% and 70% of AsPC-1 tumor growth in nude mouse xenograft assays, respectively. This study suggests that CIK cells may be used as an adoptive immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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Hwang JS, Kwon HK, Kim JE, Rho J, Im SH. Immunomodulatory effect of water soluble extract separated from mycelium of Phellinus linteus on experimental atopic dermatitis. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:159. [PMID: 22988890 PMCID: PMC3479073 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is becoming a popular treatment for modulating diverse immune disorders. Phellinus linteus (P. linteus) as one of the CAMs has been used to modulate cancers, inflammation and allergic activities. However, little evidence has been shown about its underlying mechanism of action by which it exerts a beneficial role in dermatological disease in vivo. In this study, we examined the immunomodulatory effects of P. linteus on experimental atopic dermatitis (AD) and elucidated its action mechanism. METHODS The immunomodulatory effect of total extract of P. linteus on IgE production by human myeloma U266B1 cells was measured by ELISA. To further identify the effective components, P. linteus was fractionated into methanol soluble, water soluble and boiling water soluble extracts. Each extract was treated to U266B1 cells and primary B cells to compare their inhibitory effects on IgE secretion. To test the in vivo efficacy, experimental atopic dermatitis (AD) was established by alternative treatment of DNCB and house dust mite extract into BALB/c mice. Water soluble extract of P. linteus (WA) or ceramide as a positive control were topically applied to ears of atopic mouse every day for 2 weeks and progression of the disease was estimated by the following criteria: (a) ear thickness, clinical score, (b) serum total IgE, IgG and mite specific IgE level by ELSIA, (c) histological examination of ear tissue by H&E staining and (d) cytokine profile of total ear cells and CD4(+) T cells by real time PCR and ELSIA. RESULTS Treatment of total extracts of P. linteus to U266B1 inhibited IgE secretion. Among the diverse extracts of P. linteus, water soluble extract of P. linteus (WA) significantly reduced the IgE production in primary B cells and B cell line U266B1. Moreover, treatment of WA reduced AD symptoms such as ear swelling, erythema, and dryness and decreased recruitment of lymphocyte into the inflamed site. Interestingly WA treatment significantly reduced IgE level without affecting IgG levels and also down-regulated the levels of pathogenic cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-12 and IFN-γ) and chemokines (CCL17 and CCL22) involved in AD development. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that protective effect of water soluble extract of P. linteus in atopic dermatitis is mediated by inhibiting IgE production and expression of AD associated pathogenic cytokines as well as chemokines, suggesting the beneficial effect of P. linteus to modulate allergic skin disease.
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