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Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of allergenic foods and food ingredients for labelling purposes. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Hamman-Khalifa A, Castro AJ, Jiménez-López JC, Rodríguez-García MI, Alché JDD. Olive cultivar origin is a major cause of polymorphism for Ole e 1 pollen allergen. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2008; 8:10. [PMID: 18218146 PMCID: PMC2275730 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-8-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollens from different olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars have been shown to differ significantly in their content in Ole e 1 and in their overall allergenicity. This allergen is, in addition, characterized by a high degree of polymorphism in its sequence. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the putative presence of divergences in Ole e 1 sequences from different olive cultivars. RESULTS RNA from pollen individually collected from 10 olive cultivars was used to amplify Ole e 1 sequences by RT-PCR, and the sequences were analyzed by using different bioinformatics tools. Numerous nucleotide substitutions were detected throughout the sequences, many of which resulted in amino acid substitutions in the deduced protein sequences. In most cases variability within a single variety was much lower than among varieties. Key amino acid changes in comparison with "canonical" sequences previously described in the literature included: a) the substitution of C19-relevant to the disulphide bond structure of the protein-, b) the presence of an additional N-glycosylation motif, and c) point substitutions affecting regions of Ole e 1 already described like relevant for the immunogenicity/allergenicity of the protein. CONCLUSION Varietal origin of olive pollen is a major factor determining the diversity of Ole e 1 variants. We consider this information of capital importance for the optimal design of efficient and safe allergen formulations, and useful for the genetic engineering of modified forms of the allergen among other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbdelMounim Hamman-Khalifa
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación, Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Castro
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación, Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - José Carlos Jiménez-López
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación, Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - María Isabel Rodríguez-García
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación, Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Alché
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación, Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
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Radauer C, Willerroider M, Fuchs H, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Thalhamer J, Ferreira F, Scheiner O, Breiteneder H. Cross-reactive and species-specific immunoglobulin E epitopes of plant profilins: an experimental and structure-based analysis. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 36:920-9. [PMID: 16839408 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Profilins are cross-reactive plant allergens responsible for multiple pollen sensitization and pollen-associated food allergy. While it is assumed that profilins from different species are immunologically equivalent, some studies suggest partial or even lacking IgE cross-reactivity between certain profilins. OBJECTIVE We aimed to obtain a semi-quantitative assessment of the contributions of conserved and species-specific epitopes to IgE binding of plant profilins. METHODS We compared model structures of profilins from timothy, mugwort, celery and bell pepper with crystal structures of birch and latex profilins. We predicted potential conformational epitopes that consisted of contiguous patches of at least 20% surface-exposed residues. Celery and timothy profilins were purified from their natural sources, and profilins from birch, mugwort, bell pepper and latex were expressed in Escherichia coli. The structural integrity of all purified proteins was confirmed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. IgE ELISAs and ELISA inhibitions using sera from 22 profilin-sensitized allergic patients were carried out. RESULTS Peptide backbone conformations of all six profilins were highly similar. Nine variable epitopes and two containing high proportions of conserved residues were predicted. IgE from all sera bound to all tested profilins and the amounts were highly correlated. However, IgE inhibition experiments revealed that up to 60% of total IgE binding was mediated by species-specific epitopes. The extent of cross-reactivity among profilins from timothy, birch, latex and celery was greater than cross-reactivity to mugwort and bell pepper profilins. This pattern was mirrored by sequence similarities among one of the predicted variable epitopes. Patients with IgE to cross-reactive epitopes displayed allergic reactions to a greater number of plant foods than patients having IgE directed to species-specific epitopes. CONCLUSION The large extent of cross-reactivity among plant profilins justifies using a single profilin for diagnosis. However, the fine specificity of IgE directed to variable epitopes may influence the clinical manifestation of profilin sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Radauer
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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ASTURIAS JA, ARILLA MC, GOMEZ-BAYON N, MARTINEZ J, MARTINEZ A, PALACIOS R. Cloning and high level expression of Cynodon dactylon
(Bermuda grass) pollen profilin (Cyn d 12) in Escherichia coli:
purification and characterization of the allergen. Clin Exp Allergy 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb01176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tao AL, He SH. Cloning, expression, and characterization of pollen allergens from Humulus scandens (Lour) Merr and Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2005; 26:1225-32. [PMID: 16174439 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2005.00194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To clone the pollen allergen genes in Humulus scandens (Lour) Merr (LvCao in Chinese) and short ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L) for recombinant allergen production and immunotherapy. METHODS The allergen genes were selectively amplified in the weed pollen cDNA pool by using a special PCR profile, with the primers designed by a modeling procedure. Following truncated gene cloning and confirmation of the pollen source, unknown 3'cDNA ends were identified by using the 3'-RACE method. The gene function conferred by the full-length coding region was evaluated by a homologue search in the GenBank database. Recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli pET-44 RosettaBlue cells were subsequently characterized by N-terminal end sequencing, IgE binding, and cross-reactivity. RESULTS Three full-length cDNAs were obtained in each weed. Multiple alignment analysis revealed that the deduced amino acid sequences were 83% identical to each other and 56%-90% identical to panallergen profilins from other species. Five recombinant proteins were abundantly expressed in non-fusion forms and were confirmed by using the N-terminal end sequence identity. Sera from patients who were allergic to A artemisiifolia reacted not only with rAmb a 8(D03) derived from A artemisiifolia, but also with recombinant protein rHum s 1(LCM9) derived from H scandens, which confirmed the allergenicity and cross-reactivity of the recombinant proteins from the 2 sources. Comparison of the degenerate primers used for truncated gene cloning with the full-length cDNA demonstrated that alternative nucleotide degeneracy occurred. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a useful method for cloning homologous allergen genes across different species, particularly for little-studied species. The recombinant allergens obtained might be useful for the immunotherapeutic treatment of H scandens and/or A artemisiifolia pollen allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-lin Tao
- Allergy and Inflammation Research Institute, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
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Kao SH, Su SN, Huang SW, Tsai JJ, Chow LP. Sub-proteome analysis of novel IgE-binding proteins from Bermuda grass pollen. Proteomics 2005; 5:3805-13. [PMID: 16121337 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200401229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) pollen (BGP) is one of the most common causes of airway allergic disease, and has been shown to contain over 12 allergenic proteins on 1-D immunoglobulin E (IgE) immunoblots. However, only a few allergens have been identified and characterized. Cyn d 1 is a major allergen and the most abundant protein in BGP, representing 15% of the whole-pollen extract. To investigate variability in the IgE-reactive patterns of BGP-sensitized patients and to identify other prevalent allergens, a BGP extract was passed through an affinity column to remove Cyn d 1, and the non-bound material was collected and analyzed by 2-DE. IgE-reactive proteins were subsequently characterized by immunoblotting using serum samples from ten BGP-allergic patients. The prevalent IgE-reactive proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF MS, N-terminal sequence similarity, and LC-MS/MS. Here, we present a sub-proteome approach for allergen investigation and its use for determining BGP 2-DE profiles and identifying six novel allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hsuan Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wopfner N, Willeroidee M, Hebenstreit D, van Ree R, Aalbers M, Briza P, Thalhamer J, Ebner C, Richter K, Ferreira F. Molecular and immunological characterization of profilin from mugwort pollen. Biol Chem 2002; 383:1779-89. [PMID: 12530543 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2002.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In late summer in Europe, pollen of mugwort is one of the major sources of atopic allergens. No information about the complete molecular structure of any mugwort allergen has been published so far. Here we report the isolation and characterization of mugwort pollen cDNA clones coding for two isoforms of the panallergen profilin. Thirty-six percent of the mugwort-allergic patients tested displayed IgE antibodies against natural and recombinant profilin, and no significant differences were observed in the IgE-binding properties of the isoforms. One profilin isoform was purified to homogeneity and detailed structural analysis indicated that the protein exists in solution as dimers and tetramers stabilized by sulfydryl and/or ionic interactions. Profilin monomers were detectable only after exposure of multimers to harsh denaturing conditions. Dimers and tetramers did not significantly differ in their ability to bind serum IgE from mugwort pollen-allergic patients. However, oligomeric forms might have a higher allergenic potential than monomers because larger molecules would have additional epitopes for IgE-mediated histamine release. Profilin isolated from mugwort pollen also formed multimers. Thus, oligomerization is not an artifact resulting from the recombinant production of the allergen. Inhibition experiments showed extensive IgE cross-reactivity of recombinant mugwort profilin and profilin from various pollen and food extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wopfner
- Institute of Genetics, University of Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Benítez D, García-Ortega P, Picado C, Milà J, Vives J, Martínez J, Vilella R. Specific immune response to Parietaria judaica plant profilin: a low T cell proliferative response supports high IgE and skin prick test. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2002; 30:62-9. [PMID: 11958736 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0546(02)79092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND allergic disease caused by Parietaria judaica (Pj) has been widely documented in Mediterranean area. Profilins have been identified as widely distributed allergenic proteins. The role of Pj profilin in specific immune response in Pj-sensitized patients is unknown. METHODS skin prick test and determination of specific and total IgE levels in serum were performed in all patients (n = 28) and non-allergic controls (n = 18). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from both groups and stimulated with crude extract or highly purified Pj profilin. The production of type I and type II cytokines was determined by specific and polyclonal stimuli in patients and controls. T-cell lines specific to Pj profilin were established and cross-reactivity with another highly purified profilin from Phleum pratense (Phl p) was evaluated. RESULTS Pj profilin-sensitized patients showed a small but significantly increased in T-cell proliferative response to this profilin compared with non-atopic controls. The production of interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ in response to the specific stimulus was undetectable. However, the production of IL-4 in response to a polyclonal stimulus [phytohemagglutinin (PHA)] was significantly higher in atopic patients than in controls. The T-cell response did not correlate with the magnitude of response to skin prick tests with Pj profilin or with Pj-specific serum IgE levels. In addition, the production of IL-4 in response to a polyclonal stimulus (PHA) did not correlate with the individual skin prick tests to Pj profilin or with Pj-specific IgE levels in serum. The T-cell lines tested showed no cross-reactivity with Phl p profilin. CONCLUSIONS our results suggest that Pj profilin is partly responsible for the T-cell-mediated response in patients allergic to Pj. The high skin reactivity to Pj profilin is these patients was accompanied by a small increase in the T-cell response to this profilin. The response was highly specific since Pj profilin specific T-cell lines showed no cross-reactivity with a highly homologous profilin from Phl p. The lack of correlation between the proliferative T-cell response and polyclonal IL-4 production with allergen-specific serum IgE and skin reactivity probably indicates that some of the responding T-cells may be involved in immune reactions other than those supporting IgE production.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Benítez
- Service of Immundogy. IDIBAPS. Hospital Clínic, Barcelona. Spain
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Benítez D, García-Ortega P, Picado C, Milà J, Vives J, Martínez J, Vilella R. Specific immune response to Phleum pratense plant profilin in atopic patients and control subjects. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2001; 29:9-15. [PMID: 11449535 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0546(01)79009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phleum pratense (Phl p) pollen is a known cause of allergic disease worldwide. Profilins have been identified as functional plant pan-allergens. The role of Phl p profilin in the specific immune response in sensitized Phl p patients is unknown. METHODS Skin prick test and specific serum IgE levels were performed in 26 patients allergic to Phl p and in 18 nonallergic control donors. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from both groups and stimulated with crude extract or highly purified Phl p profilin, and the production of type I and type II cytokines was determined in patients and controls stimulated with specific and polyclonal stimulus. T-cell lines specific to Phl p profilin were established from PBMCs and cross-reactivity with another highly purified profilin from Parietaria judaica (Pj) was evaluated. RESULTS Patients allergic to Phl p profilin showed increased T-cell-proliferative responses to this profilin compared with control subjects. The production of IL-4 and IFN-gamma in response to the specific stimulus was undetectable. However, the production of IL-4 and IFN-gamma in response to a polyclonal stimulus (PHA) was measurable and different for atopic patients and control subjects: IL-4 was higher (p < 0.001) in allergic patients and IFN-gamma lower (although not significant) in controls. Neither the T-cell responses nor the production of IL-4 in response to a polyclonal stimulus (PHA) correlated with the individual degree of cutaneous response to Phl p profilin or to the levels of specific Phl p IgE. The T-cell lines tested did not show any cross-reactivity with Pj profilin. CONCLUSIONS Phl p profilin is in part responsible for the T-cell mediated immunological response in patients allergic to Phl p. The response is very specific since Phl p profilin specific T-cell lines did not show cross-reactivity with a highly homologous profilin from Parietaria judaica (Pj). The lack of correlation between the proliferative T-cell response and polyclonal IL-4 production with allergen-specific serum IgE and SPT probably indicates that some of the responding T-cells may be involved in immune reactions other than the support of IgE production.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Benítez
- Servei Immunologia, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic Barcelona
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Guillén G, Valdés-López V, Noguez R, Olivares J, Rodríguez-Zapata LC, Pérez H, Vidali L, Villanueva MA, Sánchez F. Profilin in Phaseolus vulgaris is encoded by two genes (only one expressed in root nodules) but multiple isoforms are generated in vivo by phosphorylation on tyrosine residues. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1999; 19:497-508. [PMID: 10504572 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00542.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Actin-binding proteins such as profilins participate in the restructuration of the actin cytoskeleton in plant cells. Profilins are ubiquitous actin-, polyproline-, and inositol phospholipid-binding proteins, which in plants are encoded by multigene families. By 2D-PAGE and immunoblotting, we detected as much as five profilin isoforms in crude extracts from nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris. However, by immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis of in vitro translation products from nodule RNA, only the most basic isoform of those found in nodule extracts, was detected. Furthermore, a bean profilin cDNA probe hybridised to genomic DNA digested with different restriction enzymes, showed either a single or two bands. These data indicate that profilin in P. vulgaris is encoded by only two genes. In root nodules only one gene is expressed, and a single profilin transcript gives rise to multiple profilin isoforms by post-translational modifications of the protein. By in vivo 32P-labelling and immunoprecipitation with both, antiprofilin and antiphosphotyrosine-specific antibodies, we found that profilin is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues. Since chemical (TLC) and immunological analyses, as well as plant tyrosine phosphatase (AtPTP1) treatments of profilin indicated that tyrosine residues were phosphorylated, we concluded that tyrosine kinases must exist in plants. This finding will focus research on tyrosine kinases/tyrosine phosphatases that could participate in novel regulatory functions/pathways, involving not only this multifunctional cytoskeletal protein, but other plant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guillén
- Plant Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Biotechnology UNAM, Cuernavaca, Orelos, Mexico
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Asturias JA, Arilla MC, Gómez-Bayón N, Aguirre M, Martínez A, Palacios R, Martínez J. Cloning and immunological characterization of the allergen Hel a 2 (profilin) from sunflower pollen. Mol Immunol 1998; 35:469-78. [PMID: 9798651 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(98)00036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) sensitization is not always related with occupational allergy. We have isolated the allergen profilin (Hel a 2) from this Compositae plant, cloned and sequenced five cDNAs encoding for full-length or partial Hel a 2. Natural sunflower profilin reacted with specific IgE in the 121 sera tested, at a frequency of 30.5%. Expression of the cDNA encoding Hel a 2 in Escherichia coli and a simple purification procedure by poly-L-proline chromatography allowed immunological characterization of the recombinant allergen. Binding of monoclonal antibodies against sunflower profilin revealed that some epitopes responsible for antigen-specific IgG production were not present in the recombinant allergen. High cross-reactivity has been found between recombinant Hel a 2 and profilins from other Compositae plants and also from botanically distant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Asturias
- R&D Department, IFIDESA-ARISTEGUI, Alameda Urquijo, Bilbao, Spain.
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