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Jithinraj TK, Saheer VC, Chakkumkumarath L. Chiral 8-aminoBODIPY-based fluorescent probes with site selectivity for the quantitative detection of HSA in biological samples. Analyst 2023; 148:286-296. [PMID: 36533779 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01525k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is one of the vital proteins in blood serum, and its optimum level is a reflection of the physiological well-being of an individual. Any abnormalities in serum HSA levels could often be a sign of disguised physiological disorders. The importance of fast and accurate determination of serum HSA levels has led to the development of various quantification methods. Among these, fluorescence-based methods employ molecular probes capable of producing selective responses on interaction with HSA. Herein, we report chiral 8-aminoBODIPY-based probes having blue emission for the quantitative detection of HSA in buffer and human blood serum. A pair of 8-aminoBODIPY enantiomers, namely R-PEB and S-PEB, were synthesized. They exhibited a fast 'turn-on' fluorescence response towards HSA, allowing its detection and quantification. In PBS buffer, R-PEB and S-PEB showed very good sensitivity with a limit of detection (LoD) of 25 nM (KD = 9.84 ± 0.14 μM) and 39 nM (KD = 18.67 ± 0.21 μM), respectively. The linear relationship observed between the fluorescence intensity of R-PEB/S-PEB and the HSA concentration in serum samples allowed us to generate a reference curve for HSA estimation for practical applications. Examination of unknown serum samples showed a good correlation with the results obtained by the benchmark BCG method. Interestingly, the difference in these probes' dissociation constants and LoD indicated their differential binding to HSA. Considering the availability of multiple ligand binding sites in HSA, their binding preferences were investigated in detail by displacement assays using site-specific drugs. These studies showed the preferential affinity of R-PEB towards site II, which was further substantiated using molecular docking studies. However, these displacement assays could not identify the preferred binding site of S-PEB. Blind docking studies indicated that S-PEB occupied a site closer to FA5. Selective binding of R-PEB to site II and its characteristic photophysical response can be utilized to quickly screen potential site II binding drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lakshmi Chakkumkumarath
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut-673601, Kerala, India.
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Moreno MJ, Loura LMS, Martins J, Salvador A, Velazquez-Campoy A. Analysis of the Equilibrium Distribution of Ligands in Heterogeneous Media–Approaches and Pitfalls. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179757. [PMID: 36077155 PMCID: PMC9478965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The equilibrium distribution of small molecules (ligands) between binding agents in heterogeneous media is an important property that determines their activity. Heterogeneous systems containing proteins and lipid membranes are particularly relevant due to their prevalence in biological systems, and their importance to ligand distribution, which, in turn, is crucial to ligand’s availability and biological activity. In this work, we review several approaches and formalisms for the analysis of the equilibrium distribution of ligands in the presence of proteins, lipid membranes, or both. Special attention is given to common pitfalls in the analysis, with the establishment of the validity limits for the distinct approaches. Due to its widespread use, special attention is given to the characterization of ligand binding through the analysis of Stern–Volmer plots of protein fluorescence quenching. Systems of increasing complexity are considered, from proteins with single to multiple binding sites, from ligands interacting with proteins only to biomembranes containing lipid bilayers and membrane proteins. A new formalism is proposed, in which ligand binding is treated as a partition process, while considering the saturation of protein binding sites. This formalism is particularly useful for the characterization of interaction with membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Moreno
- Coimbra Chemistry Center—Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Luís M. S. Loura
- Coimbra Chemistry Center—Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Martins
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR/CIMAR, LA) and DCBB-FCT, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Armindo Salvador
- Coimbra Chemistry Center—Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adrian Velazquez-Campoy
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Bhunia S, Kumar S, Purkayastha P. Application of Photoinduced Electron Transfer with Copper Nanoclusters toward Finding Characteristics of Protein Pockets. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:2523-2532. [PMID: 31459491 PMCID: PMC6648241 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Proteins possess various domains and subdomain pockets with varying hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity. The local polarities of these domains play a major role in oxidation-reduction-based biological processes. Herein, we have synthesized ultrasmall fluorescent copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) that are directed to bind to the different domain-specific pockets of the model protein bovine serum albumins (BSA). Potential electron acceptors, methyl viologen (MV) derivatives, were chosen such that they specifically reach the various domains following their hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity. Here, we have used MV2+, HMV+, and DHMV2+, possessing hydrophilic, intermediate, and hydrophobic specificities. Being electron acceptors, these derivatives draw electrons from the Cu NCs through photoinduced electron transfer (PET). The rate of PET varies at the different domains of BSA based on the local environment which has been analyzed. Here, PET is confirmed by steady state as well as time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. This study would provide a measurable way to identify the location of the different domains of a protein which is scalable by changing the superficial conditions without unfolding the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadip Bhunia
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Center for Advanced Functional
Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Chemical
Sciences (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Center for Advanced Functional
Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Chemical
Sciences (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Pradipta Purkayastha
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Center for Advanced Functional
Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Chemical
Sciences (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
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Malik P, Bhushan R. Thin Layer Chromatographic Resolution of Some β-adrenolytics and a β2-Agonist Using Bovine Serum Albumin as Chiral Additive in Stationary Phase. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:92-98. [PMID: 28977354 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Direct enantiomeric resolution of commonly used five racemic β-adrenolytics, namely, bisoprolol, atenolol, propranolol, salbutamol and carvedilol has been achieved by thin layer chromatography using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as chiral additive in stationary phase. Successful resolution of the enantiomers of all racemic β-adrenolytics was achieved by use of different composition of simple organic solvents having no buffer or inorganic ions. The effect of variation in pH, temperature, amount of BSA as the additive, and composition of mobile phase on resolution was systematically studied. Spots were visualized in iodine vapors. Native enantiomers for each of the five analytes were isolated and identified and their elution order was determined. The limit of detection was found to be 0.7, 1.2, 0.84, 1.6 and 0.9 μg (per spot) for each enantiomer of bisoprolol, atenolol, propranolol, salbutamol and carvedilol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India
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Vakarov SA, Gruzdev DA, Chulakov EN, Sadretdinova LS, Ezhikova MA, Kodess MI, Levit GL, Krasnov VP. Diastereoselective Acylation of Racemic Heterocyclic Amines with N-Tosyl-(S)-Prolyl Chloride and its Structural Analogs. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-014-1538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Liu FK, Wei GT, Cheng FC. Immobilization of a Monolayer of Bovine Serum Albumin on Gold Nanoparticles for Stereo-specified Recognition of Dansyl-norvaline. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200300131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Liu FK, Wei GT. Bovine Serum Albumin as the Additive of Chiral Mobile Phase for Enantiometric Separation of Dansyl-Amino Acids with Size-Exclusion Chromatography. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200200094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Adsorption models in chiral chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1269:3-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
The development of automated, high-throughput organic synthesis and screening techniques has created an urgent demand for methods that rapidly determine the enantiomeric composition of chiral compounds. Enantioselective fluorescent sensors offer the potential for real-time, high-sensitivity techniques for determining enantiomeric data in high-throughput chiral assays. In this Account, we describe a range of fluorescent sensors derived from 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL), a readily available biaryl compound with axial chirality. We show that BINOL can be used to construct structurally diverse, chiral fluorescent sensors to carry out highly enantioselective, sensitive recognition of chiral amino alcohols, α-hydroxycarboxylic acids, and amino acid derivatives. For example, we prepared an (S)-BINOL derivative whose 3,3'-positions are attached to two chiral amino alcohol units, each having two phenyl substituents. This compound shows a fluorescence enhancement of 950-fold in the presence of (S)-mandelic acid but very little change in the presence of (R)-mandelic acid. It also allows the enantiomers of this α-hydroxycarboxylic acid to be visually discriminated by an enantioselective precipitation process. A structurally similar (S)-BINOL-amino alcohol molecule, but with three rather than two phenyl substitutents in each of the two amino alcohol units, was found to exhibit generally enantioselective fluorescence responses toward structurally diverse α-hydroxycarboxylic acids. We further prepared a pseudoenantiomeric analogue of this compound from (R)-H(8)BINOL, which has the opposite chiral configuration at both the biaryl center as well as the pendant amino alcohols. These two compounds have opposite enantioselectivity in the recognition of a chiral substrate, with distinctly different fluorescence emission wavelengths. By mixing them together, we developed a pseudoenantiomeric sensor pair to facilitate chiral assays. Using this pseudoenantiomeric sensor pair allows both the concentration and the enantiomeric composition of a substrate to be determined in a single fluorescence measurement. We synthesized another compound by ligating a terpyridine unit to BINOL and found that coordination of a Cu(II) ion to the terpyridine unit almost completely quenched its fluorescence. Displacement of the Cu(2+) ion from this complex by chiral amino alcohols leads to enantioselective fluorescence enhancement. This BINOL-terpyridine-Cu(II) complex also exhibits enantioselective gel collapsing in the presence of chiral amino alcohols, providing a new visual chiral discrimination method. When a series of light-absorbing conjugated units are attached to the BINOL structure, the resulting multiarmed dendritic molecules show greatly amplified fluorescence responses. Thus, the light harvesting effect of dendrimers can be used to greatly increase the sensitivity of the fluorescent sensors. The progress described here demonstrates that highly enantioselective and sensitive fluorescent sensors can be obtained through a systematic investigation of the structure-property relation between the sensors and the substrates. These sensors show great potential for the development of rapid assays of chiral organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Pu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
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Yu JJ, Lee WD, Ryoo JJ. Measurement of optical purity for commercial naproxen by chiral HPLC. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.5806/ast.2011.24.5.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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QING GY, CHEN ZH, WANG F, YANG X, MENG LZ, HE YB. Calix[4]arene-Based Enantioselective Fluorescent Sensors for the Recognition of N-Acetyl-aspartate. CHINESE J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200890135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tomasić A, Bertosa B, Tomić S, Soskić M, Magnus V. Binding behavior of amino acid conjugates of indole-3-acetic acid to immobilized human serum albumin. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1154:240-9. [PMID: 17459401 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Revised: 03/18/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The affinity of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-propionic acid, indole-3-butyric acid and 24 of their amino acid conjugates to immobilized human serum albumin, as expressed by the retention factor k (determined by HPLC), was dependent on (1) lipophilicity, (2) chirality and (3) functional groups in the amino acid moiety; in some cases conformation plays an additional role. Two lipophilicity-related parameters afforded quantitative correlations with k: retention on a C18 reversed-phase column (experimental approach) and the distance between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic poles of the molecules (in silico approach). Most compounds examined are possible metabolic precursors of IAA, an experimental tumor therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tomasić
- Rudjer Bosković Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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Liu SY, He YB, Qing GY, Xu KX, Qin HJ. Fluorescent sensors for amino acid anions based on calix[4]arenes bearing two dansyl groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang J, Nation RL, Evans AM, Cox S. Isolated rat kidney perfused with dextran and bovine serum albumin: A stable model for investigating renal drug handling. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2004; 49:105-13. [PMID: 14990335 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2003.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2003] [Accepted: 11/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rat isolated perfused kidney (IPK) preparation is a very useful model for pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic studies. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is the oncotic agent used most commonly in IPK models, but the protein is expensive and varies significantly in quality. The present study evaluated the use of dextran to replace a large proportion of BSA as the oncotic agent, to establish a more reliable and economic IPK model for pharmacokinetic studies. METHODS The right kidneys of male Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated and perfused in recirculating mode with Krebs-Henseleit pH 7.4 buffer containing amino acids, glucose and 65 g/l BSA (BSA group, n=11) or 6.5 g/l BSA plus 36 g/l dextran (dextran/BSA group, n=6). (14)C-Inulin was added to the perfusate to permit estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). An antiviral guanosine analogue, AM188, was administered to the IPK perfusate to investigate its renal disposition. During the 130-min experimental period, urine was collected in 10-min intervals and perfusate was collected at the midpoint of these intervals. RESULTS The kidney functional parameters were generally better and more stable in the dextran/BSA IPKs when compared to the BSA group. At a similar perfusate flow rate, the IPKs in the dextran/BSA group exhibited lower renal artery perfusion pressure, a higher GFR, and more extensive tubular reabsorption of water, glucose, and sodium. These functional parameters were acceptable and stable throughout the whole experimental period in the dextran/BSA group. The renal clearance of AM188 was higher in the dextran/BSA group compared with that in the BSA group. DISCUSSION Using a large proportion of dextran and a small proportion of BSA as oncotic agent in perfusate provides an improved IPK preparation. This offers a reliable and economic rat IPK model for pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Wang
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmaceutical, Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Pu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, USA
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17
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Peters HL, Davis AC, Jones BT. Enantiomeric separations of amino acids with inductively coupled plasma carbon emission detection. Microchem J 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2003.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Millot MC. Separation of drug enantiomers by liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, using immobilized proteins as chiral selectors. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 797:131-59. [PMID: 14630147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Proteins display interesting chiral discrimination properties owing to multiple possibilities of intermolecular interactions with chiral compounds. This review deals with proteins which have been used as immobilized chiral selectors for the enantioseparation of drugs in liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. The main procedures allowing the immobilization of proteins onto matrices, such as silica and zirconia particles, membranes and capillaries are first presented. Then the factors affecting the enantioseparation of drugs in liquid chromatography, using various protein-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs), are reviewed and discussed. Last, chiral separations already achieved using immobilized protein selectors in affinity capillary electrochromatography (ACEC) are presented and compared in terms of efficiency, stability and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Millot
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Polymères, CNRS-Université Paris 12, UMR 7581, 2 à 8 rue Henri Dunant, Thiais 94320, France.
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Abe Y, Yasuoka S, Shoji T, Sugata S, Hattori K, Iwata K, Suzuki H. Peculiar chiral discrimination of bovine serum albumin to (+/-)-N-dansyl-norleucine. ANAL SCI 2002; 18:823-5. [PMID: 12137381 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abe Y, Shoji T, Matsubara M, Yoshida M, Sugata S, Iwata K, Suzuki H. Chiral discrimination of N-carbazole-carbonyl derivatives of alpha-amino acids with a short linear alkyl side chain by bovine serum albumin. Chirality 2000; 12:565-7. [PMID: 10861956 DOI: 10.1002/1520-636x(2000)12:7<565::aid-chir3>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chiral discrimination of racemic carbazole carbonyl (CC)-amino acids with linear alkyl sidechain (C(1)-C(4)) by bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by competitive replacement experiments using dansyl-L-proline and dansyl-D-norvaline as fluorescent probes. It was found that the CC derivatives of the D-forms of alanine (C(1)), amino butyric acid (C(2)), norvaline (C(3)), and norleucine (C(4)) bound to the dansyl-L-proline site much more strongly than their L-forms, whereas the interactions between both enantiomers of these amino acids with dansyl-D-norvaline site were slight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Abe
- Kyoritsu College of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan.
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