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El-Sayed MH, Abdellatif MM, Mostafa HM, Elsehemy IA, Kobisi AENA. Biodegradation and antimicrobial capability-induced heavy metal resistance of the marine-derived actinomycetes Nocardia harenae JJB5 and Amycolatopsis marina JJB11. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:202. [PMID: 38743315 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Currently, heavy metal-resistant (HMR) marine actinomycetes have attracted much attention worldwide due to their unique capabilities. In this study, 27 marine-derived actinomycetes were isolated from coastal beaches in the Arabian Gulf of Al-Jubail in Saudi Arabia and screened for resistance to 100 mg/L of the heavy metals Cd2+, Cr6+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Pb2+, and Ni2+ using different assay techniques. Six isolates were selected as HMRs, of which two isolates, JJB5 and JJB11, exhibited the highest maximum tolerance concentrations (200- > 300 mg/L). Both isolates were the highest among six-HMR screened for their biodegradation potential of plastics low-density polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride, recording the highest weight loss (15 ± 1.22 - 65 ± 1.2%) in their thin films. They also showed the highest biodegradability of the pesticides acetamiprid, chlordane, hexachlorocyclohexane, indoxacarb and lindane, indicating promising removal capacities (95.70-100%) for acetamiprid and indoxacarb using HPLC analysis. Additionally, the cell-free filtrate (CFF) of both isolates displayed the highest antimicrobial activity among the six-HMR screened against a variety of microbial test strains, recording the highest inhibition zone diameters (13.76 ± 0.66 - 26.0 ± 1.13 mm). GC‒MS analyses of the ethyl acetate extract of their CFFs revealed the presence of diverse chemical compounds with a multitude of remarkable biological activities. Based on their spore morphology and wall-chemotype, they were assigned to the nocardioform-actinomycetes. Furthermore, their phenotypic characteristics, together with 16S rRNA gene sequencing (OR121525-OR121526), revealed them as Nocardia harenae JJB5 and Amycolatopsis marina JJB11. Our results suggest that marine HMR actinomycetes are promising candidates for various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H El-Sayed
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts-Rafha, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
| | - Muaz M Abdellatif
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts-Rafha, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Howayada M Mostafa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts-Rafha, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Islam A Elsehemy
- Department of Natural and Microbial Products Chemistry, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Shao P, Fang S, Rao L, Wang X, Zeng J, Zhang S, Wu Y, Yao J, Lin X. Contrasting responses of bacterial community to 4,4'-dibromodiphenyl ether (BDE-15) contamination in soil microcosms at different temperatures. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 319:138056. [PMID: 36739991 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are biodegradable organic pollutants and pose potential risks to microorganisms exposed to the contamination, which are also affected by a variety of factors, such as temperature, in real environmental settings. A better understanding of the microbial community responses to PBDEs at different temperatures has practical significance for assessing ecological risks or possible degraders of these widely used flame retardants. In this study, soil microcosms spiked with or without 100 mg kg-1 4,4'-dibromodiphenyl ether (BDE-15) were established and incubated at four different temperatures (4 °C, 20 °C, 37 °C, and varying ambient temperature) for up to 180 days. Concentration and carbon isotope analyses were used to verify the transformation of BDE-15. Bacterial communities were monitored during the incubation to evaluate the community succession under the PBDE stress. The results showed the majority of added BDE-15 remained after the incubation period, with limited degradation occurred at all four temperatures. Temperature significantly shaped the richness, diversity, composition and co-occurrence network of soil bacterial community, while the impacts of PBDE on soil bacteria were temperature dependent. When incubated at 4 °C, BDE-15 substantially reduced the network complexity and changed the ratio of negative to positive interactions between taxa (nodes), highlighting the PBDE-associated risks at low temperature. At higher temperatures, BDE-15 had negligible influence on the community characteristics and network. Random forest model identified distinct taxa that might be related to PBDE degradation at different incubation temperatures. These findings demonstrate contrasting bacterial community effects of PBDE at different temperatures, thus attention should be paid to the ecological impacts of soil pollution under real environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Shao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shasha Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Leizhen Rao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shimin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yucheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiangui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Wu SC, Chang BS, Li YY. Effect of the coexistence of endosulfan on the lindane biodegradation by Novosphingobium barchaimii and microbial enrichment cultures. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134063. [PMID: 35192855 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides, especially lindane and endosulfan, have been demonstrated to be both biodegradable and frequently coexistent, but their inhibitory effect has never been studied. In this study, we investigated the effect of endosulfan coexistence on lindane degradation to a lindane-degrading isolate, Novosphingobium barchaimii strain LL02, and mixed enrichment cultures from two different inocula. Our results of the lindane degradation batch experiments demonstrated that endosulfan concentration above 20 mg L-1 causes significant inhibition to the lindane degradation efficiency of the strain LL02. Besides, the acidic conditions at pH 5.0 to 6.0 further decreased its lindane degradation rate constants by 57% compared to the neutral and alkaline conditions. For the mixed microbial cultures, the lindane degradation efficiency in the lindane/endosulfan co-contamination conditions decreased by 35.7%-50.7% compared to the lindane alone conditions. From our 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing results through the PacBio platform, most of the predominant bacteria in the lindane-enriched cultures were depressed in the lindane/endosulfan-enriched cultures. Moreover, bacteria of Burkholderia australis, Chujaibacter soli, Flavitalea flava, and one Rhodanobacteraceae bacterium were relatively highly abundant in the co-contamination enrichment cultures, suggesting their potential for lindane degradation under the endosulfan stress. Our results demonstrated that endosulfan coexistence causes inhibitory impacts on lindane biodegradation toward both lindane-degrading bacteria and mixed microbial cultures. The coexistence of multiple organochlorine pesticides on the biodegradation efficiencies should be carefully considered when applying bioremediation to remove organochlorine pesticide contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siang Chen Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Bo-Sheng Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
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Draft Genome Sequences of Two Sphingobium Species Associated with Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) Degradation Isolated from an HCH-Contaminated Soil. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0088621. [PMID: 35175098 PMCID: PMC8928764 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00886-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The draft genome sequences of two Sphingobium strains that are hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) degraders are presented. The strains were isolated from HCH-contaminated soil in Kitengela, Kenya. Both genomes possess the lin genes responsible for HCH degradation and gene clusters for degradation of other xenobiotic compounds.
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Aslan‐Üzel AS, Beier A, Kovář D, Cziegler C, Padhi SK, Schuiten ED, Dörr M, Böttcher D, Hollmann F, Rudroff F, Mihovilovic MD, Buryška T, Damborský J, Prokop Z, Badenhorst CPS, Bornscheuer UT. An Ultrasensitive Fluorescence Assay for the Detection of Halides and Enzymatic Dehalogenation. ChemCatChem 2020; 12:2032-2039. [PMID: 32362951 PMCID: PMC7188320 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Halide assays are important for the study of enzymatic dehalogenation, a topic of great industrial and scientific importance. Here we describe the development of a very sensitive halide assay that can detect less than a picomole of bromide ions, making it very useful for quantifying enzymatic dehalogenation products. Halides are oxidised under mild conditions using the vanadium-dependent chloroperoxidase from Curvularia inaequalis, forming hypohalous acids that are detected using aminophenyl fluorescein. The assay is up to three orders of magnitude more sensitive than currently available alternatives, with detection limits of 20 nM for bromide and 1 μM for chloride and iodide. We demonstrate that the assay can be used to determine specific activities of dehalogenases and validate this by comparison to a well-established GC-MS method. This new assay will facilitate the identification and characterisation of novel dehalogenases and may also be of interest to those studying other halide-producing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aşkın S. Aslan‐Üzel
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of BiochemistryGreifswald UniversityGreifswald17487Germany
| | - Andy Beier
- Loschmidt Laboratories Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrno625 00Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research CenterSt. Anne's University Hospital BrnoBrno656 91Czech Republic
| | - David Kovář
- Loschmidt Laboratories Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrno625 00Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research CenterSt. Anne's University Hospital BrnoBrno656 91Czech Republic
| | - Clemens Cziegler
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienVienna1060Austria
| | - Santosh K. Padhi
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Laboratory Department of Biochemistry School of Life SciencesUniversity of HyderabadGachibowli500046India
| | - Eva D. Schuiten
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of BiochemistryGreifswald UniversityGreifswald17487Germany
| | - Mark Dörr
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of BiochemistryGreifswald UniversityGreifswald17487Germany
| | - Dominique Böttcher
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of BiochemistryGreifswald UniversityGreifswald17487Germany
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyDelft2629 HZ (TheNetherlands
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienVienna1060Austria
| | | | - Tomáš Buryška
- Loschmidt Laboratories Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrno625 00Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Damborský
- Loschmidt Laboratories Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrno625 00Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research CenterSt. Anne's University Hospital BrnoBrno656 91Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Prokop
- Loschmidt Laboratories Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrno625 00Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research CenterSt. Anne's University Hospital BrnoBrno656 91Czech Republic
| | - Christoffel P. S. Badenhorst
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of BiochemistryGreifswald UniversityGreifswald17487Germany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of BiochemistryGreifswald UniversityGreifswald17487Germany
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Horvath DG, Braza S, Moore T, Pan CW, Zhu L, Pak OS, Abbyad P. Sorting by interfacial tension (SIFT): Label-free enzyme sorting using droplet microfluidics. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1089:108-114. [PMID: 31627807 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics has the ability to greatly increase the throughput of screening and sorting of enzymes by carrying reagents in picoliter droplets flowing in inert oils. It was found with the use of a specific surfactant, the interfacial tension of droplets can be very sensitive to droplet pH. This enables the sorting of droplets of different pH when confined droplets encounter a microfabricated trench. The device can be extended to sort enzymes, as a large number of enzymatic reactions lead to the production of an acidic or basic product and a concurrent change in solution pH. The progress of an enzymatic reaction is tracked from the position of a flowing train of droplets. We demonstrate the sorting of esterase isoenzymes based on their enzymatic activity. This label-free technology, that we dub droplet sorting by interfacial tension (SIFT), requires no active components and would have applications for enzyme sorting in high-throughput applications that include enzyme screening and directed evolution of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Horvath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA
| | - Samuel Braza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA
| | - Trevor Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA
| | - Ching W Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA
| | - Lailai Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA; KTH Mechanics, Stockholm, SE-10044, Sweden
| | - On Shun Pak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA
| | - Paul Abbyad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA.
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Singh T, Singh DK. Lindane degradation by root epiphytic bacterium Achromobacter sp. strain A3 from Acorus calamus and characterization of associated proteins. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:419-424. [PMID: 30648424 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1524835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lindane degrading root epiphytic bacteria were isolated from wetland plant Acorus calamus. Bacterial strain A3 identified as Achromobacter sp. A3, showed maximum degradation potential of 88.7 ± 1.24% for 50 mg l-1 lindane. Lindane biodegradation was followed by decrease in pH as well as increase in concentration of chloride ions in the culture medium. Lindane degradation potential of Achromobacter sp. A3 was also studied at different concentrations of lindane. Maximum degradation was at 10 mg l-1 followed by 50 mg l-1 and 100 mg l-1 lindane. Also, lindane induced proteins were studied using SDS-PAGE. The induced proteins were identified as alpha/beta hydrolase fold-3 domain-containing protein, involved in lindane hydrolysis and extracellular solute-binding family protein having role in transmembrane transport of lindane for utilization of lindane by bacteria. The appearance of unique polypeptides in lane corresponding to media supplemented with lindane showed that the exposure of bacterial cells to lindane has resulted in regulative expression of certain proteins. So far as known, this is the first report to isolate and study lindane degrading root epiphytic bacteria from A. calamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Singh
- a Department of Zoology , University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - Dileep K Singh
- a Department of Zoology , University of Delhi , Delhi , India
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Nevolova S, Manaskova E, Mazurenko S, Damborsky J, Prokop Z. Development of Fluorescent Assay for Monitoring of Dehalogenase Activity. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800144. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Nevolova
- Faculty of Science; Loschmidt Laboratories; Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX and Department of Experimental Biology; Masaryk University; Brno 625 00 Czech Republic
| | - Elisabet Manaskova
- Faculty of Science; Loschmidt Laboratories; Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX and Department of Experimental Biology; Masaryk University; Brno 625 00 Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Mazurenko
- Faculty of Science; Loschmidt Laboratories; Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX and Department of Experimental Biology; Masaryk University; Brno 625 00 Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Damborsky
- Faculty of Science; Loschmidt Laboratories; Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX and Department of Experimental Biology; Masaryk University; Brno 625 00 Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center; St. Anne's University Hospital; Pekarska 53 Brno 656 91 Czech Republic
- Enantis Ltd.; Kamenice 34 Brno 625 00 Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Prokop
- Faculty of Science; Loschmidt Laboratories; Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX and Department of Experimental Biology; Masaryk University; Brno 625 00 Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center; St. Anne's University Hospital; Pekarska 53 Brno 656 91 Czech Republic
- Enantis Ltd.; Kamenice 34 Brno 625 00 Czech Republic
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Wen J, Yu B, Huang T, Mack J, Wildervanck M, Nyokong T, Li M, Zhu W, Liang X. Enantioselective electrochemical carbon-chloride bond cleavage of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) catalyzed by Mn(III)Cl-phthalocyanine. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhu W, Huang T, Li M, Zheng L, Bao S, Kobayashi N, Liang X. A New Strategy towards Efficient and Recyclable Carbon-Chloride Bond Cleavage of Environmentally Harmful Organochlorides through Electrochemical Catalysis in Non-aqueous Media. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang 212013 P. R. China
| | - Tingting Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang 212013 P. R. China
| | - Minzhi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang 212013 P. R. China
| | - Limin Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Songsong Bao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology; Shinshu University; Ueda 386-8567 Japan
| | - Xu Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang 212013 P. R. China
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Kumar D, Kumar A, Sharma J. Degradation study of lindane by novel strains Kocuria sp. DAB-1Y and Staphylococcus sp. DAB-1W. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2016; 3:53. [PMID: 28090433 PMCID: PMC5196013 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-016-0130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was carried out to isolate and characterize the bacterial strains from lindane-contaminated soil and they were also assessed for their lindane-degrading potential. METHODS In this study the enrichment culture method was used for isolation of lindane degrading bacterial isolates, in which the mineral salt medium (MSM) supplemented with different concentrations of lindane was used. Further, the screening for the potential lindane degrading isolates was done using the spray plate method and colorimetric dechlorinase enzyme assay. The selected isolates were also studied for their growth response under varying range of temperature, pH, and NaCl. The finally selected isolates DAB-1Y and DAB-1W showing best lindane degradation activity was further subjected to biochemical characterization, microscopy, degradation/kinetic study, and 16S rDNA sequencing. The strain identification were performed using the biochemical characterization, microscopy and the species identifies by 16S rDNA sequence of the two isolates using the standard 16S primers, the 16 S rRNA partial sequence was analyzed through BLAST analysis and phylogenetic tree was generated based on UGPMA clustering method using MEGA7 software. This shows the phylogenetic relationship with the related strains. The two isolates of this study were finally characterized as Kocuria sp. DAB-1Y and Staphylococcus sp. DAB-1W, and their 16S rRNA sequence was submitted to GenBank database with accession numbers, KJ811539 and KX986577, respectively. RESULTS Out of the 20 isolates, the isolates DAB-1Y and DAB-1W exhibited best lindane-degrading activity of 94 and 98%, respectively, recorded after 8 days of incubation. The optimum growth was observed at temperature 30 °C, pH 7, and 5% NaCl observed for both isolates. Of the four isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane, isomer α and γ were the fastest degrading isomers, which were degraded up to 86 and 94% by isolates DAB-1Y and up to 93 and 98% by DAB-1W, respectively, reported after 8 days incubation. Isomer β was highly recalcitrant in which maximum 35 and 32% lindane degradation was observed even after 28 days incubation by isolates, DAB-1Y and DAB-1W, respectively. At lower lindane concentrations (1-10 mg/L), specific growth rate increased with increase in lindane concentration, maximum being 0.008 and 0.006/day for DAB-1Y and DAB-1W, respectively. The 16 S rRNA partial sequence of isolate DAB-1Y showed similarity with Kocuria sp. by BLAST analysis and was named as Kocuria sp. DAB-1Y and DAB-IW with Staphylococcus sp. DAB-1W. The 16S rDNA sequence of isolate DAB-1Y and DAB-1W was submitted to online at National Centre of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with GenBank accession numbers, KJ811539 and KX986577, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated that Kocuria sp. DAB-1Y and Staphylococcus sp. DAB-1W were found efficient in bioremediation of gamma-HCH and can be utilized further for biodegradation of environmental contamination of lindane and can be utilized in bioremediation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmender Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, Haryana 131039 India
| | - Abhijit Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, Haryana 131039 India
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, Haryana 131039 India
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Zhu W, Huang T, Qin M, Li M, Mack J, Liang X. Tuning the synthetic cobalt(III)corroles electroreductive catalyzed lindane dehalogenation reactivity through meso-substituents. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Fuentes MS, Colin VL, Amoroso MJ, Benimeli CS. Selection of an actinobacteria mixed culture for chlordane remediation. Pesticide effects on microbial morphology and bioemulsifier production. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 56:127-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María S. Fuentes
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET); Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros; Tucumán Argentina
| | - Verónica L. Colin
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET); Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros; Tucumán Argentina
- Universidad de San Pablo-Tucumán; Argentina
| | - María J. Amoroso
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET); Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros; Tucumán Argentina
- Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino; Tucumán Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica; Química y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Tucumán Argentina
| | - Claudia S. Benimeli
- Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino; Tucumán Argentina
- Unidad de Administración Territorial; Centro Científico Tecnológico; CONICET-Tucumán; Tucumán Argentina
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Beristain-Montiel L, Martínez-Hernández S, de María Cuervo-López F, Ramírez-Vives F. Dynamics of a microbial community exposed to several concentrations of 2-chlorophenol in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:1776-1784. [PMID: 25666400 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1010595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to contribute to the knowledge on the dynamic of the microbial community involved in anaerobic degradation of different concentrations of 2-chlorophenol (2CP, from 28 to 196 mg 2CP-C/L) and a mixture of 2CP and phenol (from 28 to 196 mg phenol-C/L) and its relationship with the respiratory process in two anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBR). The dynamic of the microbial community was evaluated by denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and ecological indices (S and J indices). The respiratory process was evaluated by means of substrate consumption efficiency, biogas yield, and specific consumption rates as response variables. The high consumption efficiency (90%) and the constant biogas yields obtained at concentrations up to 140 mg C/L may be related with the evenness of microbial populations (J index=0.97±0.2) present in both reactors. Pseudomonas genus was present in all concentrations tested, suggesting a possible relationship with the dehalogenation observed in both reactors. The decrease in specific consumption rate and biogas yield as well as the accumulation of phenol and volatile fatty acids observed in both reactors at 196 mg 2CP-C/L might be associated with the disappearance of the bands related to Caulobacter and Bacillus. At these conditions, the disappearance of fermentative or acetogenic bacteria resulted in reduction of substrates required to carry out methanogenesis, which eventually might cause the declination in methanogenic populations present in the reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Beristain-Montiel
- a Department of Biotechnology , Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa , D.F 09340 , México
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Chaurasia AK, Adhya TK, Apte SK. Engineering bacteria for bioremediation of persistent organochlorine pesticide lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 149:439-445. [PMID: 24135568 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Strategies were designed for bioremediation of the highly persistent toxic pesticide γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) or lindane from the environment. Lindane caused the loss of stress-protective chaperone GroEL, and inhibited photosynthesis, respiration and nitrogen-fixation in Anabaena, resulting in growth arrest. To alleviate lindane toxicity, the linA2 gene, encoding HCH dehydrochlorinase from Sphingomonas paucimobilis B90, was knocked-in at an innocuous locus in Anabaena genome and over-expressed from an eco-friendly light-inducible PpsbA1 promoter. The recombinant Anabaena degraded >98% of 10 ppm lindane within 6-10 days. A LinA2 overexpressing Escherichia coli strain could degrade 10 ppm of all the isomers of lindane within 1h and displayed a visual degradation zone on a newly designed histochemical plate containing 50mg lindane within 12h. The study demonstrates (a) bioremediation of traces of lindane prevalent in paddy fields, using bioengineered photoautotrophic Anabaena, and, (b) biodegradation of huge stockpiles of lindane, by employing recombinant live/dead E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, SKKU, Suwon 440 746, South Korea
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Functional screening of enzymes and bacteria for the dechlorination of hexachlorocyclohexane by a high-throughput colorimetric assay. Biodegradation 2013; 25:179-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-013-9650-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Photoelectrochemical Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Coated TiO2 Nanotubes for Lindane Specific Recognition and Detection. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-013-9836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Alvarez A, Benimeli CS, Saez JM, Fuentes MS, Cuozzo SA, Polti MA, Amoroso MJ. Bacterial bio-resources for remediation of hexachlorocyclohexane. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:15086-106. [PMID: 23203113 PMCID: PMC3509629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131115086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, highly toxic organic compounds like the organochlorine pesticide (OP) hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) have been released into the environment. All HCH isomers are acutely toxic to mammals. Although nowadays its use is restricted or completely banned in most countries, it continues posing serious environmental and health concerns. Since HCH toxicity is well known, it is imperative to develop methods to remove it from the environment. Bioremediation technologies, which use microorganisms and/or plants to degrade toxic contaminants, have become the focus of interest. Microorganisms play a significant role in the transformation and degradation of xenobiotic compounds. Many Gram-negative bacteria have been reported to have metabolic abilities to attack HCH. For instance, several Sphingomonas strains have been reported to degrade the pesticide. On the other hand, among Gram-positive microorganisms, actinobacteria have a great potential for biodegradation of organic and inorganic toxic compounds. This review compiles and updates the information available on bacterial removal of HCH, particularly by Streptomyces strains, a prolific genus of actinobacteria. A brief account on the persistence and deleterious effects of these pollutant chemical is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía Alvarez
- Pilot Plant of Industrial and Microbiological Processes (PROIMI), CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; E-Mails: (A.A.); (C.S.B.); (J.M.S.); (M.S.F.); (S.A.C.); (M.A.P.)
- Natural Sciences College and Miguel Lillo Institute, National University of Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Claudia S. Benimeli
- Pilot Plant of Industrial and Microbiological Processes (PROIMI), CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; E-Mails: (A.A.); (C.S.B.); (J.M.S.); (M.S.F.); (S.A.C.); (M.A.P.)
- North University of Saint Thomas Aquines, 9 de Julio 165, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juliana M. Saez
- Pilot Plant of Industrial and Microbiological Processes (PROIMI), CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; E-Mails: (A.A.); (C.S.B.); (J.M.S.); (M.S.F.); (S.A.C.); (M.A.P.)
| | - María S. Fuentes
- Pilot Plant of Industrial and Microbiological Processes (PROIMI), CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; E-Mails: (A.A.); (C.S.B.); (J.M.S.); (M.S.F.); (S.A.C.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Sergio A. Cuozzo
- Pilot Plant of Industrial and Microbiological Processes (PROIMI), CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; E-Mails: (A.A.); (C.S.B.); (J.M.S.); (M.S.F.); (S.A.C.); (M.A.P.)
- Natural Sciences College and Miguel Lillo Institute, National University of Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Marta A. Polti
- Pilot Plant of Industrial and Microbiological Processes (PROIMI), CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; E-Mails: (A.A.); (C.S.B.); (J.M.S.); (M.S.F.); (S.A.C.); (M.A.P.)
- Natural Sciences College and Miguel Lillo Institute, National University of Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María J. Amoroso
- Pilot Plant of Industrial and Microbiological Processes (PROIMI), CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina; E-Mails: (A.A.); (C.S.B.); (J.M.S.); (M.S.F.); (S.A.C.); (M.A.P.)
- North University of Saint Thomas Aquines, 9 de Julio 165, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
- Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy College, National University of Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
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Fabritz S, Maaß F, Avrutina O, Heiseler T, Steinmann B, Kolmar H. A sensitive method for rapid detection of alkyl halides and dehalogenase activity using a multistep enzyme assay. AMB Express 2012; 2:51. [PMID: 23006907 PMCID: PMC3487978 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-2-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A method for the detection of haloalkane conversion to the corresponding alcohols by haloalkane dehalogenases is described. It is based on a multistage enzyme reaction which allows for the analysis of alkyl halides in buffered systems. Irreversible hydrolytic dehalogenation catalyzed by haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA from Rhodococcus erythropolis transfers an alkyl halide into a corresponding alcohol that is further oxidized by alcohol oxidase AOX from Pichia pastoris yielding a respective aldehyde and hydrogen peroxide easily detectable via the horseradish peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of chromogenic molecules. Due to its high sensitivity (0.025 mM, 0.43 ppm for 1,3-dibromopropane), low expenditure and the ability of handling a large number of samples in parallel, this method is an attractive alternative to existing procedures for the monitoring of both haloalkanes and dehalogenases.
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Anu Prathap MU, Chaurasia AK, Sawant SN, Apte SK. Polyaniline-Based Highly Sensitive Microbial Biosensor for Selective Detection of Lindane. Anal Chem 2012; 84:6672-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301077d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. U. Anu Prathap
- Chemistry
Division, and ‡Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Chemistry
Division, and ‡Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India
| | - Shilpa N. Sawant
- Chemistry
Division, and ‡Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India
| | - S. K. Apte
- Chemistry
Division, and ‡Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India
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Biochemistry of microbial degradation of hexachlorocyclohexane and prospects for bioremediation. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2010; 74:58-80. [PMID: 20197499 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00029-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lindane, the gamma-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), is a potent insecticide. Purified lindane or unpurified mixtures of this and alpha-, beta-, and delta-isomers of HCH were widely used as commercial insecticides in the last half of the 20th century. Large dumps of unused HCH isomers now constitute a major hazard because of their long residence times in soil and high nontarget toxicities. The major pathway for the aerobic degradation of HCH isomers in soil is the Lin pathway, and variants of this pathway will degrade all four of the HCH isomers although only slowly. Sequence differences in the primary LinA and LinB enzymes in the pathway play a key role in determining their ability to degrade the different isomers. LinA is a dehydrochlorinase, but little is known of its biochemistry. LinB is a hydrolytic dechlorinase that has been heterologously expressed and crystallized, and there is some understanding of the sequence-structure-function relationships underlying its substrate specificity and kinetics, although there are also some significant anomalies. The kinetics of some LinB variants are reported to be slow even for their preferred isomers. It is important to develop a better understanding of the biochemistries of the LinA and LinB variants and to use that knowledge to build better variants, because field trials of some bioremediation strategies based on the Lin pathway have yielded promising results but would not yet achieve economic levels of remediation.
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Nagpal V, Bokare AD, Chikate RC, Rode CV, Paknikar KM. Reductive dechlorination of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane using Fe-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 175:680-687. [PMID: 19944524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale Fe-Pd bimetallic particles were synthesized and used for degradation of lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) in aqueous solution. Batch studies showed that 5mg/L of lindane was completely dechlorinated within 5 min at a catalyst loading of 0.5 g/L and the degradation process followed first-order kinetics. GC-MS analysis in corroboration with GC-ECD results showed the presence of cyclohexane as the final degradation product. The proposed mechanism for the reductive dechlorination of lindane involves Fe corrosion-induced hydrogen atom transfer from the Pd surface. The enhanced degradation efficiency of Fe-Pd nanoparticles is attributed to: (1) high specific surface area of the nanoscale metal particles (60 m(2)/g), manyfold greater that of commercial grade micro- or milli-scale iron particles (approximately 1.6m(2)/g); and, (2) increased catalytic reactivity due to the presence of Pd on the surface. Recycling and column studies showed that these nanoparticles exhibit efficient and sustained catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varima Nagpal
- Center for Nanobioscience, Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
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Mencía M, Martínez-Ferri AI, Alcalde M, De Lorenzo V. Identification of a γ-hexachlorocyclohexane dehydrochlorinase (LinA) variant with improved expression and solubility properties. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420600667809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Specific dechlorinase activity in lindane degradation by Streptomyces sp. M7. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Obayori OS, Ilori MO, Adebusoye SA, Oyetibo GO, Amund OO. Pyrene-degradation potentials of Pseudomonas species isolated from polluted tropical soils. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Manickam N, Reddy MK, Saini HS, Shanker R. Isolation of hexachlorocyclohexane-degrading Sphingomonas sp. by dehalogenase assay and characterization of genes involved in gamma-HCH degradation. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 104:952-60. [PMID: 18042212 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To screen and identify bacteria from contaminated soil samples which can degrade hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)-isomers based on dechlorinase enzyme activity and characterize genes and metabolites. METHODS AND RESULTS Dechlorinase activity assays were used to screen bacteria from contaminated soil samples for HCH-degrading activity. A bacterium able to grow on alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-HCH as the sole carbon and energy source was identified. This bacterium was a novel species belonging to the Sphingomonas and harbour linABCDE genes similar to those found in other HCH degraders. Gamma-pentachlorocyclohexene 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and chlorohydroquinone were identified as metabolites. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that HCH-degrading bacteria can be identified from large environmental sample-based dehalogenase enzyme assay. This kind of screening is more advantageous compared to selective enrichment as it is specific and rapid and can be performed in a high-throughput manner to screen bacteria for chlorinated compounds. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The chlorinated pesticide HCH is a persistent and toxic environmental pollutant which needs to be remediated. Isolation of diverse bacterial species capable of degrading all the isomers of HCH will help in large-scale bioremediation in various parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Manickam
- Environmental Biotechnology, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, India.
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Mohn WW, Garmendia J, Galvao TC, de Lorenzo V. Surveying biotransformations with a la carte genetic traps: translating dehydrochlorination of lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) into lacZ-based phenotypes. Environ Microbiol 2006; 8:546-55. [PMID: 16478460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.00983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the product of a desired reaction to activate a bacterial transcriptional regulator was exploited to develop genetic traps that render the catalytic activity born by a DNA clone into a selectable/scorable phenotype. We established this strategy with a system to expose the activity of dehydrochlorinases acting upon gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH or lindane). To this end, the effector-binding protein, XylR, was evolved by gene shuffling plus mutagenic polymerase chain reaction to be optimally responsive to the major product of gamma-HCH dehydrochlorination, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB). We then derived Escherichia coli strains that constitutively expressed the modified XylR variant (named XylR5) and had lacZ under control of the Pu promoter, which is activated by XylR. A robotic beta-galactosidase assay indicated that when the resulting strain was transformed with a linA+ clone (expressing a gamma-HCH dehydrochlorinase from Sphingomonas paucimobilis UT26), it had levels of beta-galactosidase that were dependent on the gamma-HCH concentration. This à la carte host thus translated the conversion of gamma-HCH to TCB into upregulation of lacZ. An alternate host additionally expressing LacY grew efficiently on lactose only when LacZ was upregulated in a fashion dependent on TCB or other effectors of XylR5. These results demonstrated the power of deriving a host for the genetic scrutiny, rather than enzymatic screening, of clones expressing a given catabolic enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Mohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, 300-6174 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Phillips TM, Seech AG, Lee H, Trevors JT. Biodegradation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) by microorganisms. Biodegradation 2005; 16:363-92. [PMID: 15865341 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-004-2413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The organochlorine pesticide Lindane is the gamma-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). Technical grade Lindane contains a mixture of HCH isomers which include not only gamma-HCH, but also large amounts of predominantly alpha-, beta- and delta-HCH. The physical properties and persistence of each isomer differ because of the different chlorine atom orientations on each molecule (axial or equatorial). However, all four isomers are considered toxic and recalcitrant worldwide pollutants. Biodegradation of HCH has been studied in soil, slurry and culture media but very little information exists on in situ bioremediation of the different isomers including Lindane itself, at full scale. Several soil microorganisms capable of degrading, and utilizing HCH as a carbon source, have been reported. In selected bacterial strains, the genes encoding the enzymes involved in the initial degradation of Lindane have been cloned, sequenced, expressed and the gene products characterized. HCH is biodegradable under both oxic and anoxic conditions, although mineralization is generally observed only in oxic systems. As is found for most organic compounds, HCH degradation in soil occurs at moderate temperatures and at near neutral pH. HCH biodegradation in soil has been reported at both low and high (saturated) moisture contents. Soil texture and organic matter appear to influence degradation presumably by sorption mechanisms and impact on moisture retention, bacterial growth and pH. Most studies report on the biodegradation of relatively low (< 500 mg/kg) concentrations of HCH in soil. Information on the effects of inorganic nutrients, organic carbon sources or other soil amendments is scattered and inconclusive. More in-depth assessments of amendment effects and evaluation of bioremediation protocols, on a large scale, using soil with high HCH concentrations, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M Phillips
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1.
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van Herwijnen R, Springael D, Slot P, Govers HAJ, Parsons JR. Degradation of anthracene by Mycobacterium sp. strain LB501T proceeds via a novel pathway, through o-phthalic acid. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:186-90. [PMID: 12513994 PMCID: PMC152392 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.1.186-190.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium sp. strain LB501T utilizes anthracene as a sole carbon and energy source. We analyzed cultures of the wild-type strain and of UV-generated mutants impaired in anthracene utilization for metabolites to determine the anthracene degradation pathway. Identification of metabolites by comparison with authentic standards and transient accumulation of o-phthalic acid by the wild-type strain during growth on anthracene suggest a pathway through o-phthalic acid and protocatechuic acid. As the only productive degradation pathway known so far for anthracene proceeds through 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene and the naphthalene degradation pathway to form salicylate, this indicates the existence of a novel anthracene catabolic pathway in Mycobacterium sp. LB501T.
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Affiliation(s)
- René van Herwijnen
- Department of Environmental and Toxicological Chemistry (IBED/MTC), University of Amsterdam, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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