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Thomaz MS, Sertorio MN, Gazarini ML, Ribeiro DA, Pisani LP, Nagaoka MR. Effect of Kinins on the Hepatic Oxidative Stress in Mice Treated with a Methionine-Choline Deficient Diet. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2199. [PMID: 37626696 PMCID: PMC10452290 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver is the leading cause of hepatic disease worldwide and ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) due to cell injury, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The kinins' role in the liver has been studied in experimental fibrosis, partial hepatectomy, and ischemia-reperfusion and is related to cell death and regeneration. We investigated its role in experimental NASH induced by a methionine-choline deficient diet for 4 weeks. After that, liver perfusion was performed, and bradykinin (BK) or des-Arg9-BK was infused. Cell death was evaluated by cathepsin-B and caspase-3 activity and oxidative stress by catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, as well as malondialdehyde and carbonylated proteins. In control livers, DABK increased CAT activity, which was reversed by antagonist DALBK. In the NASH group, kinins tend to decrease antioxidant activity, with SOD activity being significantly reduced by BK and DABK. Malondialdehyde levels increased in all NASH groups, but carbonylated protein did not. DABK significantly decreased cathepsin-B in the NASH group, while caspase-3 was increased by BK in control animals. Our results suggest that B1R and/or B2R activation did not induce oxidative stress but affected the antioxidant system, reducing SOD in the NASH group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcia Regina Nagaoka
- Department of Biosciences, Instituto Saúde Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil; (M.S.T.)
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Ahmed LA, Abdou FY, El Fiky AA, Shaaban EA, Ain-Shoka AA. Bradykinin-Potentiating Activity of a Gamma-Irradiated Bioactive Fraction Isolated from Scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus) Venom in Rats with Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Cardiotoxicity: Favorable Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory, Fibrogenic and Apoptotic Pathways. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:127-141. [PMID: 32860604 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although doxorubicin (Dox) is a backbone of chemotherapy, the search for an effective and safe therapy to revoke Dox-induced acute cardiotoxicity remains a critical matter in cardiology and oncology. The current study was the first to explore the probable protective effects of native and gamma-irradiated fractions with bradykinin-potentiating activity (BPA) isolated from scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus) venom against Dox-induced acute cardiotoxicity in rats. Native or irradiated fractions (1 μg/g) were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) twice per week for 3 weeks, and Dox (15 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered on day 21 at 1 h after the last native or irradiated fraction treatment. Electrocardiographic (ECG) aberrations were ameliorated in the Dox-treated rats pretreated with the native fraction, and the irradiated fraction provided greater amelioration of ECG changes than that of the native fraction. The group pretreated with native protein with BPA also exhibited significant improvements in the levels of oxidative stress-related, inflammatory, angiogenic, fibrogenic, and apoptotic markers compared with those of the Dox group. Notably, the irradiated fraction restored these biomarkers to their normal levels. Additionally, the irradiated fraction ameliorated Dox-induced histological changes and alleviated the severity of cardiac injury to a greater extent than that of the native fraction. In conclusion, the gamma-irradiated detoxified fraction of scorpion venom elicited a better cardioprotective effect than that of the native fraction against Dox-induced acute cardiotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Fatma Y Abdou
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abir A El Fiky
- ANDI Center of Excellence in Antivenom Research, Vacsera, Egypt
| | - Esmat A Shaaban
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Afaf A Ain-Shoka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Nassar AY, Mahgoub SA, Omar HEDM, Bakkar SM, Osman AA. Comparative ameliorative actions of extracted bradykinin potentiating fraction from cobra snake venom and synthetic antioxidants on hepatic tissue of aflatoxicosed rats. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1850459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Y. Nassar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safaa A. Mahgoub
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Sally M. Bakkar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany A. Osman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Cairo, Egypt
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Hasan HF, Radwan RR, Galal SM. Bradykinin‐potentiating factor isolated from
Leiurus quinquestriatus
scorpion venom alleviates cardiomyopathy in irradiated rats
via
remodelling of the RAAS pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:263-273. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Farouk Hasan
- Radiation Biology Department National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT) Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt
| | - Rasha R. Radwan
- Drug Radiation Research Department National Center for Radiation Research and Technology Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt
| | - Shereen Mohamed Galal
- Health Radiation Research Department National Center for Radiation Research and Technology Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt
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Wang J, Ji E, Lin C, Wang L, Dai L, Gao W. Effects of bradykinin on the survival of multiterritory perforator flaps in rats. World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:44. [PMID: 30813916 PMCID: PMC6394035 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bradykinin, a vasoactive peptide, has many biological functions. For example, it accelerates angiogenesis. Thus, we studied the effects of bradykinin on the survival of perforator flaps. Methods Averagely, 50 male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into control and bradykinin groups and underwent procedures to the multiterritory perforator flap. Areas of flap survival were tested 7 days later. Flap perfusion was evaluated by laser Doppler imaging. We assessed the extent of autophagy by determining LC3-II/I, Beclin 1, and p62. Flap angiogenesis was assessed by immunohistochemistry and H&E staining. We measured the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein using western blot. We assessed oxidative stress by measuring the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The apoptotic index was also evaluated by western blot, and we determined nitric oxide (NO) production using an NO assay kit. Results The bradykinin group exhibited significantly larger areas of flap survival, higher blood supply, and more neovascularization. The bradykinin group also had higher SOD activity, higher VEGF expression and NO content, and reduced MDA compared to the control group. Rats treated with bradykinin also had lower levels of apoptosis and autophagy relative to the control group. Conclusion Our results suggest that bradykinin promotes the survival of multiterritory perforator flaps by increasing angiogenesis, promoting the release of NO, suppressing apoptosis, reducing oxidative stress, and inhibiting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieke Wang
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xue Yuan Road (West), Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Encheng Ji
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xue Yuan Road (West), Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xue Yuan Road (West), Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xue Yuan Road (West), Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Li Dai
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xue Yuan Road (West), Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Weiyang Gao
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xue Yuan Road (West), Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Niewiarowska-Sendo A, Kozik A, Guevara-Lora I. Influence of bradykinin B2 receptor and dopamine D2 receptor on the oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptotic process in human endothelial cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206443. [PMID: 30427893 PMCID: PMC6241119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases and is often linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. Our earlier study reported the formation of a functional heterodimer between bradykinin receptor 2 (B2R) and dopamine receptor 2 (D2R) that may modulate cell responses, dependent on intracellular signaling. Here, for the first time, we showed a cooperative effect of these receptors on the modulation of processes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in endothelial cells. Sumanirole, a specific D2R agonist, was shown to diminish the excessive production of reactive oxygen species induced by bradykinin, a proinflammatory B2R-activating peptide. This effect was accompanied by modified activities of antioxidant enzymes and increased phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, leading to enhance NO production. In turn, endothelial cell co-stimulation with B2R and D2R agonists inhibited the release of interleukin-6 and endothelin-1 and modulated the expression of apoptosis markers, such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bax, and caspase 3/7 activity. All these observations argue that the D2R agonist counteracts the pro-oxidative, pro-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic effects induced through B2R, finally markedly improving endothelial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Niewiarowska-Sendo
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kozik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ibeth Guevara-Lora
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
- * E-mail:
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7
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Zou H, Wu G, Lv J, Xu G. Relationship of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) and bradykinin B2 receptor (BDKRB2) polymorphism with diabetic nephropathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1264-1272. [PMID: 28390948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether ACE2 I/D and BDKRB23 +9/-9 polymorphism causatively affect diabetic nephropathy progression RESULTS: STZ-induced metabolic disorder, as well as inflammatory responses, was significantly aggravated in ACE II-B2R4+9bp, ACE DD-B2R+9bp, or ACE DD-B2R-9bp diabetic mice but not ACE II-B2R-9bp, indicating the genetic susceptibility of ACE DD or B2R+9bp to diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, ACE II-B2R+9bp, ACE DD-B2R+9bp, or ACE DD-B2R-9bp rather than ACE II-B2R-9bp, worsened renal performance and enhanced pathological alterations induced by STZ. Markedly elevated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), podocin, osteopontin (OPN), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and reduced nephrin, podocin were also detected both in diabetic mice and podocytes under hyperglycemic conditions in response to ACE II-B2R+9bp, ACE DD-B2R+9bp, or ACE DD-B2R-9bp, versus ACE II-B2R-9bp. In addition, high glucose-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and cell apoptosis were observably increased in response to ACE II-B2R+9bp, ACE DD-B2R+9bp, or ACE DD-B2R-9bp but not ACE II-B2R-9bp. CONCLUSIONS We provide first evidence indicating the causation between ACE DD or B2R+9bp genotype and the increased risk for diabetic nephropathy, broadening our horizon about the role of genetic modulators in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Zou
- Medical Center of the Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guoqing Wu
- Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinlei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.17, Yongwai Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, China
| | - Gaosi Xu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, China.
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8
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Salman MMA, Kotb AM, Haridy MAM, Hammad S. Hepato- and nephroprotective effects of bradykinin potentiating factor from scorpion (Buthus occitanus) venom on mercuric chloride-treated rats. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:807-816. [PMID: 28337111 PMCID: PMC5318677 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides such as bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF), have, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and ameliorative effects in chronic diseases and play a potential role in cancer prevention. It is known that the liver and kidney accumulate inorganic mercury upon exposure, which often leads to mercury intoxication in these organs. In this study, we investigated the effect of bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF), a scorpion venom peptide, on mercuric chloride-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats. We used 20 adult male Albino rats divided into four equal groups: the first group was injected with saline (control); the second group was administered daily with mercuric chloride (HgCl2) for 2 weeks; the third group was administered with BPF twice weekly for 2 successive weeks, while the fourth group was exposed to BPF followed by HgCl2. We observed that HgCl2 treated rats had a significant increase in serum ALT, AST, ALP, creatinine and urea levels compared to control. Furthermore, HgCl2 treated rats showed a marked decrease in total proteins, albumin and uric acids compared to control. The previously studied parameters were not significantly changed in BPF pretreated rats compared to control. Moreover, a significant decrease in the activities of glutathione perioxidase (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), in addition to a significant increase in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in hepatic and renal tissues of rats after HgCl2 treatment. In contrast, the HgCl2/BPF treated rats showed a significant elevation in the activity of GSH, SOD, and CAT accompanied with a significant regression in the level of MDA compared to the HgCl2 exposed rats. We conclude that treatment with BPF is a promising prophylactic approach for the management of mercuric chloride-induced hepato- and nephro-toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M A Salman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Kotb
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohie A M Haridy
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Seddik Hammad
- Molecular Hepatology - Alcohol Associated Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) constitutes a complex multienzyme cascade that produces several bioactive kinin peptides and their derivatives including bradykinin. In addition to the classical notion of the KKS as a potent vasodilator and a mediator of inflammatory responses, recent studies suggest a link between the KKS and oxidative stress. A number of established mouse models with altered levels of KKS components opened the way to evaluate precise functions of the KKS. Here we review recent findings on the role of the KKS in cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney diseases, and discuss potential benefits of KKS activation in these diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Deletion of both B1R and B2R in a diabetic mouse model exacerbates its renal phenotypes, suggesting that the KKS exerts protective effects on diabetic nephropathy by suppressing oxidative stress, presumably via nitric oxide and prostaglandins. SUMMARY Accumulating evidence has highlighted the importance of the KKS as a protective system against oxidative stress and organ damage in the heart and kidney. The activation of the KKS by angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors and vasopeptidase inhibitors is likely to be beneficial in senescence-associated cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney diseases.
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10
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Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the major cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Although the renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors have a beneficial effect on diabetic nephropathy independently of their effects on blood pressure and plasma angiotensin II levels. This suggests that the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is also involved in the disease. To study the role of the KKS in diabetic nephropathy, mice lacking either the bradykinin B1 receptor (B1R) or the bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) have been commonly used. However, because absence of either receptor causes enhanced expression of the other, it is difficult to determine the precise functions of each receptor. This difficulty has recently been overcome by comparing mice lacking both receptors with mice lacking each receptor. Deletion of both B1R and B2R reduces nitric oxide (NO) production and aggravates renal diabetic phenotypes, relevant to either lack of B1R or B2R, demonstrating that both B1R and B2R exert protective effects on diabetic nephropathy presumably via NO. Here, we review previous epidemiological and experimental studies, and discuss novel insights regarding the therapeutic implications of the importance of the KKS in averting diabetic nephropathy.
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11
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Bekheet SHM, Awadalla EA, Salman MM, Hassan MK. Bradykinin potentiating factor isolated from Buthus occitanus venom has a protective effect against cadmium-induced rat liver and kidney damage. Tissue Cell 2011; 43:337-43. [PMID: 21862094 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin and its related peptides are widely distributed in venomous animals, including scorpion. A peptide fraction isolated from the venom of the Egyptian scorpion Buthus occitanus was proved to have a bradykinin-potentiating activity. The aim of the present study was conducted to investigate whether the treatment with bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF) offers more beneficial effects in reversing cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rat liver and kidney. Adult male rats, equally divided into control and two treated groups, 10 animals in each group. group (I) was orally given (1 ml) saline and served as a control group; group (II) of rats was given cadmium chloride (4 mg/kg) alone, once daily an oral dose for 7 successive days; group (III) of rats was given ip injection (1 ml) BPF, once daily a dose for 7 successive days prior to CdCl(2) treatment and on the next 7 successive days with the same dose of cadmium as group II. Both organs were subjected to histopathological analysis with the light microscope. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were measured as indicators of the liver function. As parameters of the kidney function, creatinine, uric acid and urea concentrations in serum were determined. Also, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were determined in both tissues. Cd exposure caused a significant decrease or inhibition in the activities of GSH, SOD, and CAT, with significant increase in the level of MDA, in versus to control groups in both liver and kidney. Also, when Cd was treated in co-administration with BPF induced increase or stimulation in the activity of GSH, SOD, and CAT, with significant decrease in the level of MDA when compared to Cd group in both organs. Histopathological changes of liver and kidney were also in accordance with the biochemical findings. Our data showed that Cd treatment induced histopathological alteration in the liver, severe hydropic degeneration in centrolobular zones. Inflammatory cells infiltration around the congested central vein and an obvious injury in some renal tubules. Bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF) administration prevented the histopathological alterations which observed in Cd-groups and both liver and kidney had essentially normal appearance in histopathological examination. In conclusion, BPF markedly ameliorated cadmium-induced liver and kidney tissue damage as evidenced by histological and biochemical examinations and acts as a potent scavenger of free radicals to protect the liver and kidney against the deleterious effect of acute cadmium intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad H M Bekheet
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan, South Valley University, Egypt.
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12
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Wende AR, Soto J, Olsen CD, Pires KMP, Schell JC, Larrieu-Lahargue F, Litwin SE, Kakoki M, Takahashi N, Smithies O, Abel ED. Loss of bradykinin signaling does not accelerate the development of cardiac dysfunction in type 1 diabetic akita mice. Endocrinology 2010; 151:3536-42. [PMID: 20501666 PMCID: PMC2940524 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin signaling has been proposed to play either protective or deleterious roles in the development of cardiac dysfunction in response to various pathological stimuli. To further define the role of bradykinin signaling in the diabetic heart, we examined cardiac function in mice with genetic ablation of both bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors (B1RB2R(-/-)) in the context of the Akita model of insulin-deficient type 1 diabetes (Ins2(Akita/+)). In 5-month-old diabetic and nondiabetic, wild-type and B1RB2R(-/-) mice, in vivo cardiac contractile function was determined by left-ventricular (LV) catheterization and echocardiography. Reactive oxygen species levels were measured by 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence. Mitochondrial function and ATP synthesis were determined in saponin-permeabilized cardiac fibers. LV systolic pressure and the peak rate of LV pressure rise and decline were decreased with diabetes but did not deteriorate further with loss of bradykinin signaling. Wall thinning and reduced ejection fractions in Akita mouse hearts were partially attenuated by B1RB2R deficiency, although other parameters of LV function were unaffected. Loss of bradykinin signaling did not increase fibrosis in Ins2(Akita/+) diabetic mouse hearts. Mitochondrial dysfunction was not exacerbated by B1RB2R deficiency, nor was there any additional increase in tissue levels of reactive oxygen species. Thus, loss of bradykinin B2 receptor signaling does not abrogate the previously reported beneficial effect of inhibition of B1 receptor signaling. In conclusion, complete loss of bradykinin expression does not worsen cardiac function or increase myocardial fibrosis in diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bradykinin/metabolism
- Bradykinin/physiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Female
- Heart/physiopathology
- Heart Diseases/etiology
- Heart Diseases/genetics
- Heart Diseases/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Mitochondria, Heart/physiology
- Myocardium/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/genetics
- Receptor, Bradykinin B1/deficiency
- Receptor, Bradykinin B1/genetics
- Receptor, Bradykinin B2/deficiency
- Receptor, Bradykinin B2/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Wende
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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13
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Lack of both bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors enhances nephropathy, neuropathy, and bone mineral loss in Akita diabetic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:10190-5. [PMID: 20479236 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1005144107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An insertion polymorphism of the angiotensin-I converting enzyme gene (ACE) is common in humans and the higher expressing allele is associated with an increased risk of diabetic complications. The ACE polymorphism does not significantly affect blood pressure or angiotensin II levels, suggesting that the kallikrein-kinin system partly mediates the effects of the polymorphism. We have therefore explored the influence of lack of both bradykinin receptors (B1R and B2R) on diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and osteopathy in male mice heterozygous for the Akita diabetogenic mutation in the insulin 2 gene (Ins2). We find that all of the detrimental phenotypes observed in Akita diabetes are enhanced by lack of both B1R and B2R, including urinary albumin excretion, glomerulosclerosis, glomerular basement membrane thickening, mitochondrial DNA deletions, reduction of nerve conduction velocities and of heat sensation, and bone mineral loss. Absence of the bradykinin receptors also enhances the diabetes-associated increases in plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, mitochondrial DNA deletions, and renal expression of fibrogenic genes, including transforming growth factor beta1, connective tissue growth factor, and endothelin-1. Thus, lack of B1R and B2R exacerbates diabetic complications. The enhanced renal injury in diabetic mice caused by lack of B1R and B2R may be mediated by a combination of increases in oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA damage and over expression of fibrogenic genes.
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14
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Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a distinct primary disease process, independent of coronary artery disease, which leads to heart failure in diabetic patients. Epidemiological and clinical trial data have confirmed the greater incidence and prevalence of heart failure in diabetes. Novel echocardiographic and MR (magnetic resonance) techniques have enabled a more accurate means of phenotyping diabetic cardiomyopathy. Experimental models of diabetes have provided a range of novel molecular targets for this condition, but none have been substantiated in humans. Similarly, although ultrastructural pathology of the microvessels and cardiomyocytes is well described in animal models, studies in humans are small and limited to light microscopy. With regard to treatment, recent data with thiazoledinediones has generated much controversy in terms of the cardiac safety of both these and other drugs currently in use and under development. Clinical trials are urgently required to establish the efficacy of currently available agents for heart failure, as well as novel therapies in patients specifically with diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Kakoki M, Smithies O. The kallikrein-kinin system in health and in diseases of the kidney. Kidney Int 2009; 75:1019-30. [PMID: 19190676 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2008.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since kallikrein was discovered as a vasodilatory substance in human urine, the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) has been considered to play a physiological role in controlling blood pressure. Gene targeting experiments in mice in which the KKS has been inactivated to varying degrees have, however, questioned this role, because basal blood pressures are not altered. Rather, these experiments have shown that the KKS has a different and important role in preventing changes associated with normal senescence in mice, and in reducing the nephropathy and accelerated senescence-associated phenotypes induced in mice by diabetes. Other experiments have shown that the KKS suppresses mitochondrial respiration, partly by nitric oxide and prostaglandins, and that this suppression may be a key to understanding how the KKS influences senescence-related diseases. Here we review the logical progression and experimental data leading to these conclusions, and discuss their relevance to human conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Kakoki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA.
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16
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Dabkowski ER, Williamson CL, Bukowski VC, Chapman RS, Leonard SS, Peer CJ, Callery PS, Hollander JM. Diabetic cardiomyopathy-associated dysfunction in spatially distinct mitochondrial subpopulations. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 296:H359-69. [PMID: 19060128 PMCID: PMC2643887 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00467.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of heart failure among diabetic patients, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated as an underlying cause in the pathogenesis. Cardiac mitochondria consist of two spatially, functionally, and morphologically distinct subpopulations, termed subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) and interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM). SSM are situated beneath the plasma membrane, whereas IFM are embedded between myofibrils. The goal of this study was to determine whether spatially distinct cardiac mitochondrial subpopulations respond differently to a diabetic phenotype. Swiss-Webster mice were subjected to intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin or citrate saline vehicle. Five weeks after injections, diabetic hearts displayed decreased rates of contraction, relaxation, and left ventricular developed pressures (P < 0.05 for all three). Both mitochondrial size (forward scatter, P < 0.01) and complexity (side scatter, P < 0.01) were decreased in diabetic IFM but not diabetic SSM. Electron transport chain complex II respiration was decreased in diabetic SSM (P < 0.05) and diabetic IFM (P < 0.01), with the decrease being greater in IFM. Furthermore, IFM complex I respiration and complex III activity were decreased with diabetes (P < 0.01) but were unchanged in SSM. Superoxide production was increased only in diabetic IFM (P < 0.01). Oxidative damage to proteins and lipids, indexed through nitrotyrosine residues and lipid peroxidation, were higher in diabetic IFM (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). The mitochondria-specific phospholipid cardiolipin was decreased in diabetic IFM (P < 0.01) but not SSM. These results indicate that diabetes mellitus imposes a greater stress on the IFM subpopulation, which is associated, in part, with increased superoxide generation and oxidative damage, resulting in morphological and functional abnormalities that may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinne R Dabkowski
- Division of Exercise Physiology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Cardiovascular Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
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El Midaoui A, Ismael MA, Lu H, Fantus IG, de Champlain J, Couture R. Comparative effects of N-acetyl-l-cysteine and ramipril on arterial hypertension, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress in chronically glucose-fed rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 86:752-60. [DOI: 10.1139/y08-090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of an antioxidant (N-acetyl-l-cysteine, NAC) and an angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (ramipril) were assessed in a rat model of insulin resistance induced by 10% glucose feeding for 20 weeks. Treatments with NAC (2 g/kg per day) and ramipril (1 mg/kg per day) were initiated at 16 weeks in the drinking fluid. Systolic blood pressure, plasma levels of insulin and glucose, and insulin resistance were significantly higher in rats treated with glucose for 20 weeks. This was associated with a higher production of superoxide anion and NADPH oxidase activity in aorta and liver and with a marked reduction in protein expression of skeletal muscle insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in the gastrocnemius muscle. NAC prevented all these alterations. Although ramipril also reversed high blood pressure, it had a lesser effect on insulin resistance (including IRS-1) and blocked superoxide anion production only in aorta. Ramipril, in contrast to NAC, did not reduce NADPH oxidase activity in aorta and liver or plasma levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and malondialdehyde. Results suggest that the inhibition of the oxidative stress in hypertensive and insulin-resistant states contributes to the therapeutic effects of NAC and ramipril. Whereas NAC exerts effective antioxidant activity in multiple tissues, ramipril appears to preferentially target the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil El Midaoui
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network, Banting and Best Diabetes Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Ali Ismael
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network, Banting and Best Diabetes Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Huogen Lu
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network, Banting and Best Diabetes Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - I. George Fantus
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network, Banting and Best Diabetes Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jacques de Champlain
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network, Banting and Best Diabetes Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Réjean Couture
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network, Banting and Best Diabetes Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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18
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Buléon M, Allard J, Jaafar A, Praddaude F, Dickson Z, Ranera MT, Pecher C, Girolami JP, Tack I. Pharmacological blockade of B2-kinin receptor reduces renal protective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in db/db mice model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 294:F1249-56. [PMID: 18367657 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00501.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) can be delayed by the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi). The mechanisms of ACEi renal protection are not univocal. To investigate the impact of bradykinin B(2) receptor (B2R) activation during ACE inhibition, type II diabetic mice (C57BLKS db/db) received for 20 wk: 1) ACEi (ramipril) alone, 2) ACEi + HOE-140 (a specific B2R antagonist), 3) HOE-140 alone, or 4) no treatment. The development of DN, defined by an increase in albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, was largely prevented by ACEi treatment (albuminuria: 980 +/- 130 vs. 2,160 +/- 330 mg/g creatinine; mesangial area: 22.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 27.6 +/- 0.3%). The protective effect of ramipril was markedly attenuated by B2R blockade (albuminuria: 2,790 +/- 680 mg/g creatinine; mesangial area: 30.4 +/- 1.1%), whereas HOE-140 alone significantly increased albuminuria. Despite such benefits, glomerular filtration rate remained unchanged, probably because of the combination of the hypotensive effect of diabetes in this model and the renal hemodynamic action of ramipril. Finally, the renal protective effect of ACEi was associated with a marked decrease in glomerular overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor-beta pathways, but also in advanced glycation end product receptors and lipid peroxidation assessed by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) adducts. Concomitant blockade of B2R partly restored glomerular overexpression of IGF-1 receptor beta and 4-HNE complexes. These results support the critical role of B2R activation in the mediation of ACEi renal protection against DN and provide the rationale to examine the benefit of B2R activation by itself as a new therapeutic approach for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Buléon
- Laboratoire de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine Rangueil, Toulouse, France
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19
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Buléon M, Mehrenberger M, Pécher C, Praddaude F, Couture R, Tack I, Girolami JP. Bradykinine et néphroprotection. Med Sci (Paris) 2007; 23:1141-7. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/200723121141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Allard J, Buléon M, Cellier E, Renaud I, Pecher C, Praddaude F, Conti M, Tack I, Girolami JP. ACE inhibitor reduces growth factor receptor expression and signaling but also albuminuria through B2-kinin glomerular receptor activation in diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 293:F1083-92. [PMID: 17596523 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00401.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is associated with increased oxidative stress, overexpression and activation of growth factor receptors, including those for transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β-RII), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-R), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF1-R). These pathways are believed to represent pathophysiological determinants of DN. Beyond perfect glycemic control, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) are the most efficient treatment to delay glomerulosclerosis. Since their mechanisms of action remain uncertain, we investigated the effect of ACEI on the glomerular expression of these growth factor pathways in a model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. The early phase of diabetes was found to be associated with an increase in glomerular expression of IGF1-R, PDGF-R, and TGF-β-RII and activation of IRS1, Erk 1/2, and Smad 2/3. These changes were significantly reduced by ACEI treatment. Furthermore, ACEI stimulated glutathione peroxidase activity, suggesting a protective role against oxidative stress. ACEI decreased ANG II production but also increased bradykinin bioavailability by reducing its degradation. Thus the involvement of the bradykinin pathway was investigated using coadministration of HOE-140, a highly specific nonpeptidic B2-kinin receptor antagonist. Almost all the previously described effects of ACEI were abolished by HOE-140, as was the increase in glutathione peroxidase activity. Moreover, the well-established ability of ACEI to reduce albuminuria was also prevented by HOE-140. Taken together, these data demonstrate that, in the early phase of diabetes, ACEI reverse glomerular overexpression and activation of some critical growth factor pathways and increase protection against oxidative stress and that these effects involve B2-kinin receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Allard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U858 eq 5, Louis Bugnard Institute, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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21
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Dimitropoulou C, Chatterjee A, McCloud L, Yetik-Anacak G, Catravas JD. Angiotensin, bradykinin and the endothelium. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2007:255-94. [PMID: 16999222 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-32967-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensins and kinins are endogenous peptides with diverse biological actions; as such, they represent current and future targets of therapeutic intervention. The field of angiotensin biology has changed significantly over the last 50 years. Our original understanding of the crucial role of angiotensin II in the regulation of vascular tone and electrolyte homeostasis has been expanded to include the discovery of new angiotensins, their important role in cardiovascular inflammation and the development of clinically useful synthesis inhibitors and receptor antagonists. While less applied progress has been achieved in the kinin field, there are continuous discoveries in bradykinin physiology and in the complexity of kinin interactions with other proteins. The present review focuses on mechanisms and interactions of angiotensins and kinins that deal specifically with vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dimitropoulou
- Vascular Biology Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-2500, USA
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22
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Spillmann F, Van Linthout S, Schultheiss HP, Tschöpe C. Cardioprotective mechanisms of the kallikrein-kinin system in diabetic cardiopathy. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2006; 15:22-9. [PMID: 16340662 DOI: 10.1097/01.mnh.0000199009.56799.2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Multiple pathogenic mechanisms contribute to the development of diabetic cardiopathy, including intramyocardial inflammation, cardiac fibrosis, abnormal intracellular Ca handling, microangiopathy and endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, the cardiac kallikrein-kinin system is thought to be altered under diabetic conditions and an improvement of this peptide system, e.g. by gene therapeutic approaches, has also been associated with an amelioration of the diabetic heart. In this review, we will discuss the hypothesis that the stimulation of the kallikrein-kinin system could be a promising target for the treatment of diabetic cardiopathy. RECENT FINDINGS The kallikrein-kinin system has cardioprotective properties, which may be particularly important under diabetic conditions. For example, its potential for endothelium-dependent vasodilation, and for improvement of glucose transport and utilization, make bradykinin an important mediator for reducing the consequences of diabetes-related oxidative stress on both the myocardium and vessels. SUMMARY The different synergistic cardioprotective effects of the kallikrein-kinin system in the diabetic heart suggest that the stimulation of the kallikrein-kinin system might open new avenues for the treatment of diabetic cardiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Spillmann
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-University Medicine of Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
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23
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Tschöpe C, Walther T, Escher F, Spillmann F, Du J, Altmann C, Schimke I, Bader M, Sanchez-Ferrer CF, Schultheiss HP, Noutsias M. Transgenic activation of the kallikrein-kinin system inhibits intramyocardial inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy. FASEB J 2005; 19:2057-9. [PMID: 16129698 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-4095fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms contributing to diabetic cardiomyopathy, as well as the protective pathways of the kallikrein-kinin-system (KKS), are incompletely understood. In a kallikrein-overexpressing rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy, we investigated the involvement of inflammatory pathways, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Six weeks after STZ injection, impairment of left ventricular (LV) function parameters measured by a Millar-tip catheter (peak LV systolic pressure; dP/dtmax; dP/dtmin) was accompanied by a significant increment of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 (CAMs) expression, as well as of beta2-leukocyte-integrins+ (CD18+, CD11a+, CD11b+) and cytokine (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta)-expressing infiltrates in male Sprague-Dawley (SD-STZ) rats compared with normoglycemic littermates. Furthermore, SD-STZ rats demonstrated a significant impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation evoked by acetylcholine and significantly increased plasma TBARS (plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) levels as a measure of oxidative stress. These diabetic cardiomyopathy-associated alterations were significantly attenuated (P<0.05) in diabetic transgenic rats expressing the human kallikrein 1 (hKLK1) gene with STZ-induced diabetes. CAMs expression, beta2-leukocyte-integrins+, and cytokine-expressing infiltrates correlated significantly with all evaluated LV function parameters. The multiple protective effects of the KKS in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy comprise the inhibition of intramyocardial inflammation (CAMs expression, beta2-leukocyte-integrins+ infiltration and cytokine expression), an improvement of endothelium-dependent relaxation and the attenuation of oxidative stress. These insights might have therapeutic implications also for human diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
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Couture R, Girolami JP. Putative roles of kinin receptors in the therapeutic effects of angiotensin 1-converting enzyme inhibitors in diabetes mellitus. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 500:467-85. [PMID: 15464053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of endogenous kinins and their receptors in diabetes mellitus is being confirmed with the recent developments of molecular and genetic animal models. Compelling evidence suggests that the kinin B(2) receptor is organ-protective and partakes to the therapeutic effects of angiotensin 1-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonists. Benefits derive primarily from vasodilatory, antihypertensive, antiproliferative, antihypertrophic, antifibrotic, antithrombotic and antioxidant properties of kinin B(2) receptor activation. Mechanisms include the formation of nitric oxide and prostacyclin and the inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase activity involving classical and novel signalling pathways. Kinin B(2) receptor also ameliorates insulin resistance by increasing glucose uptake and supply, and by inducing glucose transporter-4 translocation either directly or through phosphorylation of insulin receptor. The kinin B(1) receptor, which is induced by the cytokine network, growth factors and hyperglycaemia, mediates hyperalgesia, vascular hyperpermeability and leukocytes infiltration in diabetic animals. However, emerging data highlight reno- and cardio-protective effects mediated by kinin B(1) receptor under chronic ACEI therapy in diabetes mellitus. Thus, the Janus-faced of kinin receptors needs to be taken into account in future drug development. For instance, locally acting kinin B(1)/B(2) receptor agonists if used in a safe therapeutic window may represent a more rationale strategy in the prevention and management of diabetic complications. Because kinin B(2) receptor antagonists may further increase insulin resistance, the persisting dogma that restricts the development of kinin receptor analogues to antagonists (that is still relevant to abrogate pain and inflammation) needs to be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réjean Couture
- Département de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7.
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Koch M, Wendorf M, Dendorfer A, Wolfrum S, Schulze K, Spillmann F, Schultheiss HP, Tschöpe C. Cardiac kinin level in experimental diabetes mellitus: role of kininases. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003; 285:H418-23. [PMID: 12637359 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00677.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus impairs the cardiac kallikrein-kinin system by reducing cardiac kallikrein (KLK) and kininogen levels, a mechanism that may contribute to the deleterious outcome of cardiac ischemia in this disease. We studied left ventricular (LV) function and bradykinin (BK) coronary outflow in buffer-perfused, isolated working hearts (n = 7) of controls and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats before and after global ischemia. With the use of selective kininase inhibitors, the activities of angiotensin I-converting enzyme, aminopeptidase P, and neutral endopeptidase were determined by analyzing the degradation kinetics of exogenously administered BK during sequential coronary passages. Basal LV function and coronary flow were impaired in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Neither basal nor postischemic coronary BK outflow differed between control and diabetic hearts. Reperfusion after 15 min of ischemia induced a peak in coronary BK outflow that was of the same extent and duration in both groups. In diabetic hearts, total cardiac kininase activity was reduced by 41.4% with an unchanged relative kininase contribution compared with controls. In conclusion, despite reduced cardiac KLK synthesis, STZ-induced diabetic hearts are able to maintain kinin liberation under basal and ischemic conditions because of a primary impairment or a secondary downregulation of kinin-degrading enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Koch
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Mage M, Pécher C, Neau E, Cellier E, Dos Reiss ML, Schanstra JP, Couture R, Bascands JL, Girolami JP. Induction of B1 receptors in streptozotocin diabetic rats: possible involvement in the control of hyperglycemia-induced glomerular Erk 1 and 2 phosphorylation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2002; 80:328-33. [PMID: 12025968 DOI: 10.1139/y02-024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of a 3-week treatment with various combinations of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and B1 and B2 bradykinin receptor (B1R and B2R) antagonists (B1A and B2A) and AT1 receptor antagonist on ERK 1 and 2 phosphorylation in isolated glomeruli from streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats (STZ rats). Body weight, glycemia, and blood pressure were monitored. The rats were divided into nine groups: (1) control; and groups 2-9 were STZ treated with (3) insulin, (4) ACEI, (5) ACEI + B1A, (6) ACEI + B2A, (7) B2A, (8) B1A, (9) AT1 antagonist. ERK 1 and 2 phosphorylation and expression of B1R and B2R were assessed by Western blot analysis. ERK 1 and 2 phosphorylation was higher in STZ rats; this activation was normalized by insulin and reduced by ACEI but not by AT1 antagonist. The reduction of ERK 1 and 2 phosphorylation by the ACEI was reversed by B1A and B2A. The induction of B1R was confirmed by increased expression of mRNA and B1 receptor protein. Since ERK 1 and 2 phosphorylation is an early event in the induction of matrix secretion and hyperproliferation associated with diabetic nephropathy, activation of B1R and B2R appears to be a useful pharmacological target in the management of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyne Mage
- INSERMU388, Institut Louis Bugnard, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France
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