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Nagasao J, Fukasawa H, Yoshioka K, Miyamoto M, Iwaki Y, Kajiwara K, Sato K, Arihara K. Skeletal Muscle Fibre Type Changes in an Avian Model of Hepatic Fibrosis. J Comp Pathol 2021; 183:26-32. [PMID: 33714428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the susceptibility of type I and type II skeletal myofibres to atrophy in hens with hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Seven hens, approximately 2 years old, were randomly assigned to BDL (n = 4) and sham surgery (SHAM) (n = 3) groups. Mean body weight and mean liver weight as a percentage of mean body weight were significantly lower in the BDL group than in the SHAM group at 4 weeks post surgery (P = 0.002, P = 0.005, respectively). Mean plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity was slightly higher, while total cholesterol (P <0.001), total bilirubin (P = 0.022) and NH3 (P = 0.048) concentrations were significantly higher in the BDL group than in the SHAM group. Liver lesions were induced in all hens in the BDL group. The weights of the pectoralis (PCT) (P = 0.049) and flexor perforans et perforatus digiti III (FPPD III) muscles (P = 0.006) as a percentage of body weight were significantly decreased in the BDL group. A significantly reduced mean myofibre cross-sectional area in the PCT of BDL hens (P = 0.005) was indicative of atrophy. No significant differences were observed in the fibre type composition of the PCT, supracoracoideus or FPPD III muscles between the SHAM and BDL groups. However, there was an approximate 43% increase in the number of type I fibres in the femorotibialis lateralis of the BDL group and small angular type II fibres and large round type I fibres in this muscle were characteristic of peripheral neuropathy. The results suggest that type II fibres are more susceptible to atrophy than type I fibres in this model of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nagasao
- Department of Food Function and Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan.
| | - Hanae Fukasawa
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshioka
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Miki Miyamoto
- Department of Food Function and Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yuna Iwaki
- Department of Food Function and Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kurumi Kajiwara
- Department of Food Function and Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Koudai Sato
- Department of Food Function and Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Keizo Arihara
- Department of Food Function and Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
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2
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Bellar A, Welch N, Dasarathy S. Exercise and physical activity in cirrhosis: opportunities or perils. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1547-1567. [PMID: 32240017 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00798.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced exercise capacity and impaired physical performance are observed in nearly all patients with liver cirrhosis. Physical activity and exercise are physiological anabolic stimuli that can reverse dysregulated protein homeostasis or proteostasis and potentially increase muscle mass and contractile function in healthy subjects. Cirrhosis is a state of anabolic resistance, and unlike the beneficial responses to exercise reported in physiological states, there are few systematic studies evaluating the response to exercise in cirrhosis. Hyperammonemia is a mediator of the liver-muscle axis with net skeletal muscle ammonia uptake in cirrhosis causing signaling perturbations, mitochondrial dysfunction with decreased ATP content, modifications of contractile proteins, and impaired ribosomal function, all of which contribute to anabolic resistance in cirrhosis and have the potential to impair the beneficial responses to exercise. English language-publications in peer-reviewed journals that specifically evaluated the impact of exercise in cirrhosis were reviewed. Most studies evaluated responses to endurance exercise, and readouts included peak or maximum oxygen utilization, grip strength, and functional capacity. Endurance exercise for up to 12 wk is clinically tolerated in well-compensated cirrhosis. Data on the safety of resistance exercise are conflicting. Nutritional supplements enhance the benefits of exercise in healthy subjects but have not been evaluated in cirrhosis. Whether the beneficial physiological responses with endurance exercise and increase in muscle mass with resistance exercise that occur in healthy subjects also occur in cirrhotics is not known. Specific organ-system responses, changes in body composition, or improved long-term clinical outcomes with exercise in cirrhosis need evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Bellar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicole Welch
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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3
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Song M, Xia L, Liu Q, Sun M, Wang F, Yang C. Sarcopenia in Liver Disease: Current Evidence and Issues to Be sResolved. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1088:413-433. [PMID: 30390263 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a common clinical symptom in aging and patients with wasting diseases, characterized by a decreased skeletal muscle mass. As a consequence of lifestyle change, the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) presents a rising trend. In the past three decades, increasing evidence has proved that sarcopenia is related to NAFLD. In this chapter, we will summarize the emerging evidence of the predictive role of sarcopenia in NAFLD and review the diagnosis value, feasible mechanism, and therapy strategies of sarcopenia in NAFLD. Sarcopenia is a potential risk factor for NAFLD, and targeting sarcopenia can benefit NAFLD to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyi Song
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxue Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changqing Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Giusto M, Barberi L, Di Sario F, Rizzuto E, Nicoletti C, Ascenzi F, Renzi A, Caporaso N, D'Argenio G, Gaudio E, Musarò A, Merli M. Skeletal muscle myopenia in mice model of bile duct ligation and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver cirrhosis. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/7/e13153. [PMID: 28364027 PMCID: PMC5392502 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle myopathy is universal in cirrhotic patients, however, little is known about the main mechanisms involved. The study aims to investigate skeletal muscle morphological, histological, and functional modifications in experimental models of cirrhosis and the principal molecular pathways responsible for skeletal muscle myopathy. Cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration in mice. Control animals (CTR) underwent bile duct exposure or vehicle administration only. At sacrifice, peripheral muscles were dissected and weighed. Contractile properties of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) were studied in vitro. Muscle samples were used for histological and molecular analysis. Quadriceps muscle histology revealed a significant reduction in cross-sectional area of muscle and muscle fibers in cirrhotic mice with respect to CTR. Kinetic properties of EDL in both BDL and CCl4 were reduced with respect to CTR; BDL mice also showed a reduction in muscle force and a decrease in the resistance to fatigue. Increase in myostatin expression associated with a decrease in AKT-mTOR expressions was observed in BDL mice, together with an increase in LC3 protein levels. Upregulation of the proinflammatory citochines TNF-a and IL6 and an increased expression of NF-kB and MuRF-1 were observed in CCl4 mice. In conclusion, skeletal muscle myopenia was present in experimental models of BDL and CCl4-induced cirrhosis. Moreover, reduction in protein synthesis and activation of protein degradation were the main mechanisms responsible for myopenia in BDL mice, while activation of ubiquitin-pathway through inflammatory cytokines seems to be the main potential mechanism involved in CCl4 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Giusto
- Gastroenterology Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Barberi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics -Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Sario
- Gastroenterology Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rizzuto
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Nicoletti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics -Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ascenzi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics -Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Rome, Italy
| | - Anastasia Renzi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Caporaso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Argenio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Musarò
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics -Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Merli
- Gastroenterology Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Li TH, Lee PC, Lee KC, Hsieh YC, Tsai CY, Yang YY, Huang SF, Tsai TH, Hsieh SL, Hou MC, Lin HC, Lee SD. Down-regulation of common NFκB-iNOS pathway by chronic Thalidomide treatment improves Hepatopulmonary Syndrome and Muscle Wasting in rats with Biliary Cirrhosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39405. [PMID: 28009008 PMCID: PMC5180197 DOI: 10.1038/srep39405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thalidomide can modulate the TNFα-NFκB and iNOS pathway, which involve in the pathogenesis of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and muscle wasting in cirrhosis. In bile duct ligated-cirrhotic rats, the increased circulating CD16+ (inflammatory) monocytes and its intracellular TNFα, NFκB, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) and iNOS levels were associated with increased circulating MCP-1/soluable intercellular cell adehesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), pulmonary TNFα/NOx, up-regulated M1 polarization, exacerbated angiogenesis and hypoxemia (increased AaPO2) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and pulmonary homogenates. Meanwhile, a significant correlation was noted between circulating CD16+ monocyte/M1 (%) macrophages in BAL; M1 (%) macrophages in BAL/pulmonary iNOS mRNA expression; pulmonary iNOS mRNA expression/relative pulmonary MVD; pulmonary NOx level/AaPO2; circulating CD16+ monocyte/M1 (%) macrophages in muscle homogenates; 3-nitrotyrosine (representative of peroxynitrite) concentration/M1 (%) macrophages in muscle homogenates. The in vitro data demonstrated an iNOS-dependent inhibition of thalidomide on the TNFα-stimulated angiogenesis and myogenesis in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) and C2C12 myoblasts. Significantly, the co-culture of CD16+ monocyte from different rats with HPAECs, or co-culture of supernatant of above mixed cultures with HPAECs or C2C12 myoblasts stimulated angiogenesis, migration and myogenesis. Our findings demonstrate that TNFα inhibitor thalidomide markedly diminishes the severity of experimental HPS and muscle wasting by down-regulation of common peripheral and local NFκB-iNOS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hao Li
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 600, Sec. 2, Shixian Rd., West District, Chiayi City, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chang Lee
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chuan Lee
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Cheng Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Youh Tsai
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Fen Huang
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Infection Diseases, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Dong Lee
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan.,Cheng Hsin General Hospital, No. 45, Cheng Hsin St., Beitou District, Taipei
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McDaniel J, Davuluri G, Hill EA, Moyer M, Runkana A, Prayson R, van Lunteren E, Dasarathy S. Hyperammonemia results in reduced muscle function independent of muscle mass. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G163-70. [PMID: 26635319 PMCID: PMC4971815 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00322.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the nearly universal decreased muscle strength in cirrhosis is not known. We evaluated whether hyperammonemia in cirrhosis causes contractile dysfunction independent of reduced skeletal muscle mass. Maximum grip strength and muscle fatigue response were determined in cirrhotic patients and controls. Blood and muscle ammonia concentrations and grip strength normalized to lean body mass were measured in the portacaval anastomosis (PCA) and sham-operated pair-fed control rats (n = 5 each). Ex vivo contractile studies in the soleus muscle from a separate group of Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 7) were performed. Skeletal muscle force of contraction, rate of force development, and rate of relaxation were measured. Muscles were also subjected to a series of pulse trains at a range of stimulation frequencies from 20 to 110 Hz. Cirrhotic patients had lower maximum grip strength and greater muscle fatigue than control subjects. PCA rats had a 52.7 ± 13% lower normalized grip strength compared with control rats, and grip strength correlated with the blood and muscle ammonia concentrations (r(2) = 0.82). In ex vivo muscle preparations following a single pulse, the maximal force, rate of force development, and rate of relaxation were 12.1 ± 3.5 g vs. 6.2 ± 2.1 g; 398.2 ± 100.4 g/s vs. 163.8 ± 97.4 g/s; -101.2 ± 22.2 g/s vs. -33.6 ± 22.3 g/s in ammonia-treated compared with control muscle preparation, respectively (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Tetanic force, rate of force development, and rate of relaxation were depressed across a range of stimulation from 20 to 110 Hz. These data provide the first direct evidence that hyperammonemia impairs skeletal muscle strength and increased muscle fatigue and identifies a potential therapeutic target in cirrhotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McDaniel
- 1Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; ,2Department of Exercise Science, Kent State University Kent, Ohio;
| | | | | | - Michelle Moyer
- 1Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio;
| | - Ashok Runkana
- 3Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; ,4Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;
| | - Richard Prayson
- 5Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;
| | - Erik van Lunteren
- 1Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; ,6Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and
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7
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Kong XY, Feng YZ, Eftestøl E, Kase ET, Haugum H, Eskild W, Rustan AC, Thoresen GH. Increased glucose utilization and decreased fatty acid metabolism in myotubes from Glmp(gt/gt) mice. Arch Physiol Biochem 2016; 122:36-45. [PMID: 26707125 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2015.1120752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylated lysosomal membrane protein (GLMP) has been reported to enhance the expression from a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) responsive promoter, but also to be an integral lysosomal membrane protein. Using myotubes established from wild-type and Glmp(gt/gt) mice, the importance of GLMP in skeletal muscle was examined. Glmp(gt/gt) myotubes expressed a more glycolytic phenotype than wild-type myotubes. Myotubes from Glmp(gt/gt) mice metabolized glucose faster and had a larger pool of intracellular glycogen, while oleic acid uptake, storage and oxidation were significantly reduced. Gene expression analyses indicated lower expression of three PPAR-isoforms, a co-regulator of PPAR (PGC1α) and several genes important for lipid metabolism in Glmp(gt/gt) myotubes. However, ablation of GLMP did not seem to substantially impair the response to PPAR agonists. In conclusion, myotubes established from Glmp(gt/gt) mice were more glycolytic than myotubes from wild-type animals, in spite of no differences in muscle fiber types in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan Zeng Feng
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway , and
| | | | - Eili T Kase
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway , and
| | - Hanne Haugum
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway , and
| | | | - Arild C Rustan
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway , and
| | - G Hege Thoresen
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences , School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway , and
- c Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
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8
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Sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis: the role of computed tomography scan for the assessment of muscle mass compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometry. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 27:328-34. [PMID: 25569567 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia evaluated by computed tomography (CT) scan at the lumbar site has been identified as a risk factor for morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis. AIM The aim of this study was to compare the measurement of muscle mass through CT scan, considered the gold standard, with other reliable techniques to evaluate the rate of agreement between different available methods for the assessment of muscle mass in cirrhosis. The correlation between measurements of muscle mass and of muscle strength was also investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS Adult patients eligible for liver transplantation were studied. Lumbar skeletal muscle cross-sectional area was measured by CT and muscle depletion was defined using previously published cut-offs. Mid-arm muscle circumference was calculated following anthropometric measures. The Fat-Free Mass Index and the Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Index were calculated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscle strength was evaluated using the Hand Grip test. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients with cirrhosis were included. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 76% of the patients according to CT evaluation. A significant reduction in Fat-Free Mass Index and Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Index was observed in 42-52% of the patients, whereas 52% showed a mid-arm muscle circumference less than 10th percentile. Skeletal muscle mass evaluation through CT was only weakly correlated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometry evaluation. No correlation was observed between CT measurement of muscle mass and Hand Grip test. CONCLUSION CT scan can identify the highest percentage of sarcopenia in cirrhosis and no other techniques are actually available as a replacement. Future efforts should focus on approaches for assessing both skeletal muscle mass and function to provide a better evaluation of sarcopenia in cirrhotic patients.
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9
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Yang W, Hu B, Wu W, Batra S, Blackburn MR, Alcorn JL, Fallon MB, Zhang J. Alveolar type II epithelial cell dysfunction in rat experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS). PLoS One 2014; 9:e113451. [PMID: 25419825 PMCID: PMC4242631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) develops when pulmonary vasodilatation leads to abnormal gas exchange. However, in human HPS, restrictive ventilatory defects are also observed supporting that the alveolar epithelial compartment may also be affected. Alveolar type II epithelial cells (AT2) play a critical role in maintaining the alveolar compartment by producing four surfactant proteins (SPs, SP-A, SP-B, SP-C and SP-D) which also facilitate alveolar repair following injury. However, no studies have evaluated the alveolar epithelial compartment in experimental HPS. In this study, we evaluated the alveolar epithelial compartment and particularly AT2 cells in experimental HPS induced by common bile duct ligation (CBDL). We found a significant reduction in pulmonary SP production associated with increased apoptosis in AT2 cells after CBDL relative to controls. Lung morphology showed decreased mean alveolar chord length and lung volumes in CBDL animals that were not seen in control models supporting a selective reduction of alveolar airspace. Furthermore, we found that administration of TNF-α, the bile acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and FXR nuclear receptor activation (GW4064) induced apoptosis and impaired SP-B and SP-C production in alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. These results imply that AT2 cell dysfunction occurs in experimental HPS and is associated with alterations in the alveolar epithelial compartment. Our findings support a novel contributing mechanism in experimental HPS that may be relevant to humans and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Bingqian Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Wei Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sachin Batra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Joseph L. Alcorn
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Fallon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Junlan Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Gender-dimorphic regulation of muscular proteins in response to high fat diet and sex steroid hormones. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Dasarathy S. Posttransplant sarcopenia: an underrecognized early consequence of liver transplantation. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:3103-11. [PMID: 23912247 PMCID: PMC4066193 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is believed to reverse the clinical and metabolic abnormalities of cirrhosis. Reduced skeletal muscle mass or sarcopenia contributes to increased mortality and adverse consequences of cirrhosis. Failure of reversal of sarcopenia of cirrhosis after liver transplantation is not well recognized. Six temporally, geographically, and methodologically distinct follow-up studies in 304 cirrhotics reported conflicting data on changes in indirect measures of skeletal muscle mass after transplantation. Distinct measures of body composition but not skeletal muscle mass were used and did not focus on the clinical consequences of sarcopenia after transplantation. A number of studies reported an initial rapid postoperative loss of lean mass followed by incomplete recovery with a maximum follow-up of 2 years. Posttransplant sarcopenia may be responsible for metabolic syndrome and impaired quality of life after liver transplantation. Potential reasons for failure to reverse sarcopenia after liver transplantation include use of immunosuppressive agents [mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and calcineurin inhibitors] that impair skeletal muscle growth and protein accretion. Repeated hospitalizations, posttransplant infections, and renal failure also contribute to posttransplant sarcopenia. Finally, recovery from muscle deconditioning is limited by lack of systematic nutritional and physical-activity-based interventions to improve muscle mass. Despite the compelling data on sarcopenia before liver transplantation, the impact of posttransplant sarcopenia on clinical outcomes is not known. There is a compelling need for studies to examine the mechanisms and consequences of sarcopenia post liver transplantation to permit development of therapies to prevent and reverse this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, NE4 208, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA,
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12
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Abstract
Muscle wasting is a serious complication of various clinical conditions that significantly worsens the prognosis of the illnesses. Clinically relevant models of muscle wasting are essential for understanding its pathogenesis and for selective preclinical testing of potential therapeutic agents. The data presented here indicate that muscle wasting has been well characterized in rat models of sepsis (endotoxaemia, and caecal ligation and puncture), in rat models of chronic renal failure (partial nephrectomy), in animal models of intensive care unit patients (corticosteroid treatment combined with peripheral denervation or with administration of neuromuscular blocking drugs) and in murine and rat models of cancer (tumour cell transplantation). There is a need to explore genetically engineered mouse models of cancer. The degree of protein degradation in skeletal muscle is not well characterized in animal models of liver cirrhosis, chronic heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The major difficulties with all models are standardization and high variation in disease progression and a lack of reflection of clinical reality in some of the models. The translation of the information obtained by using these models to clinical practice may be problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Holecek
- Department of Physiology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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13
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Periyalwar P, Dasarathy S. Malnutrition in cirrhosis: contribution and consequences of sarcopenia on metabolic and clinical responses. Clin Liver Dis 2012; 16:95-131. [PMID: 22321468 PMCID: PMC4383161 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition is the most common, reversible complication of cirrhosis that adversely affects survival, response to other complications, and quality of life. Sarcopenia, or loss of skeletal muscle mass, and loss of adipose tissue and altered substrate use as a source of energy are the 2 major components of malnutrition in cirrhosis. Current therapies include high protein supplementation especially as a late evening snack. Exercise protocols have the potential of aggravating hyperammonemia and portal hypertension. Recent advances in understanding the molecular regulation of muscle mass has helped identify potential novel therapeutic targets including myostatin antagonists, and mTOR resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Periyalwar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Metrohealth Medical Center, 2500 Metrohealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE4-208, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE4-208, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE4-208, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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14
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Novosyadlyy R, Dargel R, Scharf JG. Expression of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins during thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rats. Growth Horm IGF Res 2005; 15:313-323. [PMID: 16098781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2005.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2005] [Revised: 05/27/2005] [Accepted: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The liver plays a central role in insulin-like growth factor (IGF) homeostasis providing the majority of circulating IGF-I and some of its binding proteins (IGFBPs). In liver cirrhosis the IGF axis is severely disturbed, and these alterations are associated with reduced IGF-I, IGFBP-3 but elevated IGFBP-1 serum levels. METHODS By Northern blotting and in situ hybridization (ISH), hepatic expression of IGF-I and of IGFBP was studied in a rat model of liver cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide. RESULTS ISH revealed a homogeneous distribution of IGFBP-1, IGFBP-4 and IGF-I mRNA over hepatic parenchyma in normal and cirrhotic liver. Fibrous septa of cirrhotic liver were IGFBP-1 mRNA negative, whereas IGFBP-4 and IGF-I transcripts were detected in single cells. In normal liver, IGFBP-3 mRNA was distributed within nonparenchymal cells of the hepatic lobule and in the wall of the portal vein. In cirrhotic liver, IGFBP-3 transcripts were abundant in mesenchymal cells of fibrous tissue. IGFBP-3 mRNA expression was also prominent in cells at the septal-nodular interface most likely representing monocyte infiltration. IGFBP-3 mRNA expression was reduced in nonparenchymal liver cells located more distantly from the septal-nodular interface in the cirrhotic nodule that correlated with reduced IGFBP-3 mRNA expression observed in Kupffer cells (KC) and sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) isolated from macronodular cirrhotic livers. CONCLUSION Cirrhosis is accompanied by an altered spatial expression of IGFBP-3 in liver tissue, which is characterized by decreased levels of IGFBP-3 mRNA in KC and SEC, but elevated IGFBP-3 expression in myofibroblast-like cells and inflammatory infiltrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Novosyadlyy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Durán Castellón MC, González-Reimers E, López-Lirola A, Martín Olivera R, Santolaria-Fernández F, Galindo-Martín L, Abreu-González P, González-Hernández T. Alcoholic myopathy: lack of effect of zinc supplementation. Food Chem Toxicol 2005; 43:1333-43. [PMID: 15869836 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A chronic form of myopathy has been described in alcoholics, characterized by atrophy of type II fibers, due both to reduced protein synthesis and increased protein breakdown. Increased production of reactive oxygen species could probably play a role in increased protein breakdown. In addition, treatment with zinc might be beneficial, since it acts as a cofactor of several enzymes involved in the synthesis of proteins and antioxidants as copper-zinc-superoxidedismutase (SOD) and selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Based on these facts, we analyze the relative and combined effects of ethanol, protein malnutrition and treatment with zinc, 227 mg/l in form of zinc sulphate, on muscle changes in 8 groups of adult Sprague-Dawley rats fed following the Lieber-de Carli model during 5 weeks. We also study the association between muscle histological changes and the activity of GPX, SOD and lipid peroxidation products (MDA), with hormones such as IGF-1, and with trace elements involved in antioxidant systems and/or in lipid peroxidation, such as selenium, copper, zinc, and iron. We found type IIa and IIb fiber atrophy in the alcoholic animals, especially in the low-protein fed ones. This effect was mainly due to protein deficiency. Zinc played no role at all. Muscle iron increased in ethanol, low protein fed rats, either with or without zinc, and was directly related with muscle MDA levels, which in turn were related with muscle atrophy, as was also found for serum IGF-1 levels. Ethanol was the main responsible for all these changes, although protein undernutrition also played an independent role in MDA levels. A positive interaction between ethanol and protein deficiency on serum IGF-1 was also detected. These results suggest that both protein deficiency and ethanol contribute to muscle atrophy observed in alcoholized rats; this atrophy is associated with increased lipid peroxidation and muscle iron overload. Treatment with zinc sulphate confers no benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Durán Castellón
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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16
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Lin SY, Chen WY, Lee FY, Huang CJ, Sheu WHH. Activation of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is involved in skeletal muscle wasting in a rat model with biliary cirrhosis: potential role of TNF-alpha. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005; 288:E493-501. [PMID: 15522995 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00186.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic cirrhosis is associated with negative nitrogen balance and loss of lean body mass. This study aimed to identify the specific proteolytic pathways activated in skeletal muscles of cirrhotic rats. TNF-alpha can stimulate muscle proteolysis; therefore, a potential relationship between TNF-alpha and muscle wasting in liver cirrhosis was also evaluated. Cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in male adult Sprague-Dawley rats. mRNA and protein levels of various targets were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The proteolytic rate was measured ex vivo using isolated muscles. Compared with sham-operated controls, BDL rats had an increased degradation rate of muscle proteins and enhanced gene expression of ubiquitin, 14-kDa ubiquitin carrier protein E2, and the proteasome subunits C2 and C8 (P < 0.01). The muscle protein levels of free ubiquitin and conjugated ubiquitin levels were also elevated (P < 0.01). However, there was no difference between the two groups with regard to cathepsin and calpain mRNA levels. Cirrhotic muscle TNF-alpha levels were increased and correlated positively with free and conjugated ubiquitin (P < 0.01). We conclude that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved in muscle wasting of rats with BDL-induced cirrhosis. TNF-alpha might play a role in mediating activation of this proteolytic pathway, probably through a local mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yi Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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17
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Dasarathy S, Dodig M, Muc SM, Kalhan SC, McCullough AJ. Skeletal muscle atrophy is associated with an increased expression of myostatin and impaired satellite cell function in the portacaval anastamosis rat. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004; 287:G1124-30. [PMID: 15256363 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00202.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells are critical in the regeneration of atrophied muscle following immobilization and aging. We hypothesized that impaired satellite cell function is responsible for the atrophy of skeletal muscle also seen in cirrhosis. Myostatin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) have been identified to be positive and negative regulators, respectively, of satellite cell function. Using a rat model of cirrhosis [portacaval anastamosis (PCA)] and sham-operated controls, we examined the expression of myostatin, its receptor activinR2b, and its downstream messenger cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (CDKI p21) as well as IGF1 and its receptor in the gastrocnemius muscle. Expression of PCNA, a marker of proliferation, and myogenic regulatory factors (myoD, myf5, and myogenin), markers of differentiation of satellite cells, were also measured. Real- time PCR for mRNA and Western blot assay for protein quantification were performed. PCA rats had lower body weight and gastrocnemius weight compared with sham animals (P < 0.05). PCNA and myogenic regulatory factors were lower in PCA rats (P < 0.05). Myostatin, activinR2b, and CDKI p21 were higher in the PCA animals (P < 0.05). The expression of IGF1 and its receptor was lower in liver and skeletal muscle of PCA animals (P < 0.05). These data suggest that skeletal muscle atrophy seen in the portacaval shunted rats is a consequence of impaired satellite cell proliferation and differentiation mediated, in part, by higher myostatin and lower IGF1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Schwartz Center for Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland OH 44109, USA.
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18
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López-Lirola A, González-Reimers E, Martín Olivera R, Santolaria-Fernández F, Galindo-Martín L, Abreu-González P, González-Hernández T, Valladares-Parrilla F. Protein deficiency and muscle damage in carbon tetrachloride induced liver cirrhosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2003; 41:1789-97. [PMID: 14563404 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(03)00218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein undernutrition, alterations of hormones such as IGF-1, testosterone and cortisol, and increased lipid peroxidation-which may be related with deranged metabolism of some elements such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se) or copper (Cu)-may contribute to muscle damage in non alcoholic cirrhosis. Here, we analyse the effect of protein deficiency on muscle Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and Se in carbon-tetrachloride (CCl(4)) induced liver cirrhosis. We also study the association between protein undernutrition and these trace elements with the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation products, and how all these are related with muscle morphological changes in 40 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Liver cirrhosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl(4) to 10 rats fed a 2% protein diet, and to another 10 fed a 18% protein control diet. Two further groups included rats without cirrhosis fed the 2% protein and the 18% protein diets. After sacrifice (6 weeks later), we found type IIa fibre atrophy in the cirrhotic animals, especially in the low-protein fed ones and this was due to protein deficiency. Muscle Fe increased in low protein fed cirrhotic rats. No relationship was found between muscle changes and any of the hormones, enzymes and trace elements analysed, or with liver fibrosis. These results suggest that muscle atrophy observed in CCl(4)-induced cirrhosis is related with protein deficiency, but not with cirrhosis itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- A López-Lirola
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Spain
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19
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Wang XZ, Chen ZX, Zhang LJ, Chen YX, Li D, Chen FL, Huang YH. Expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and its intervention by interleukin-10 in experimental hepatic fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:1287-91. [PMID: 12800242 PMCID: PMC4611802 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i6.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2002] [Revised: 02/04/2003] [Accepted: 02/11/2003] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the expression of IGF-1 and IGF-1R and its intervention by interleukin-10 in the course of experimental hepatic fibrosis. METHODS Hepatic fibrosis was induced in rats by carbon tetrachloride intoxication and liver specimens were taken from the rats administered CCl4 with or without IL-10 treatment and the animals of the control group. Immunoreactivities for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor(IGF-1R) were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, and their intensities were evaluated in different animal groups. RESULTS The positive levels for IGF-1 and IGF-1R were increased with the development of hepatic fibrosis, with the positive signals localized in cytoplasm and/or at the plasmic membrane of hepatocytes. The positive signals of IGF-1 and IGF-1R were observed more frequently (P<0.01) in the CCl4-treated group (92.0 % and 90.0 %) compared to those in the control group. The positive signals decreased significantly (P<0.05) in IL-10-treated group. The responses in IGF-1 and IGF-1R expression correlated with the time of IL-10 treatment. CONCLUSION The expression of IGF-1 and IGF-1R immunoreactivities in liver tissue seems to be up-regulated during development of hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl(4), and exogenic IL-10 inhibits the responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, China.
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20
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Pesce V, Cormio A, Marangi LC, Guglielmi FW, Lezza AMS, Francavilla A, Cantatore P, Gadaleta MN. Depletion of mitochondrial DNA in the skeletal muscle of two cirrhotic patients with severe asthenia. Gene 2002; 286:143-8. [PMID: 11943470 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative alterations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the skeletal muscle from two patients with cirrhosis and severe asthenia have been studied. The 4977 bp (mtDNA(4977)) and the 7436 bp (mtDNA(7436)) mtDNA deletions, as well as other mtDNA deletions, revealed by long extension PCR (LX-PCR), were found in the two patients, whereas the 10,422 bp (mtDNA(10,422)) mtDNA deletion was absent. Altogether, the qualitative alterations of mtDNA in cirrhotic patients with severe asthenia were comparable to those of age-matched healthy individuals. The mtDNA content, on the contrary, was substantially decreased in both patients with respect to control. Such mtDNA depletion might be explained by an increased, disease-related, oxidative damage to mtDNA, which probably affects the replication of the mitochondrial genome as already suggested in other oxidative stress-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Pesce
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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21
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Mirpuri E, García-Trevijano ER, Castilla-Cortazar I, Berasain C, Quiroga J, Rodriguez-Ortigosa C, Mato JM, Prieto J, Avila MA. Altered liver gene expression in CCl4-cirrhotic rats is partially normalized by insulin-like growth factor-I. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2002; 34:242-52. [PMID: 11849991 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(01)00123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the administration of low doses of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) to CCl4-cirrhotic rats improves liver function and reduces fibrosis. To better understand the mechanisms behind the hepatoprotective effects of IGF-I, and to identify those genes whose expression is affected in cirrhosis and after IGF-1 treatment, we have performed differential display of mRNA analysis by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in livers from control and CCl4-cirrhotic rats treated or not with IGF-I. We have identified 16 genes that were up- or down-regulated in the cirrhotic liver. IGF-I treatment partially normalized the expression of eight of these genes, including serine proteinase inhibitors such as serpin-2 and alpha-1-antichymotripsin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and alpha-2u-globulin. Additionally, we show that IGF-I enhanced the regenerative activity in the cirrhotic liver, as determined by the increased expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Finally, IGF-I treatment partially restored the expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and the levels of global genomic DNA methylation, which are reduced in human and experimental cirrhosis. Taken together, our observations confirm the hepatoprotective effects of IGF-I, and suggest that this action can be exerted in part through the normalization of liver gene expression, growth hormone (GH) responsiveness and global genomic DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mirpuri
- División de Hepatología y Terapia Génica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
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22
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Tani Y, Kamai Y, Yamate K, Mizuno H, Yamamoto H, Hosokawa T, Doi K. Restitutive response of Mini rat liver to injury induced by a single oral administration of thioacetamide. J Toxicol Sci 2001; 26:25-37. [PMID: 11255791 DOI: 10.2131/jts.26.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mini rats are a transgenic rat strain carrying antisense gene for rat growth hormone (GH), resulting in retarded growth and a lower blood GH level (136 +/- 42.0 ng/mL) compared with that of age-matched parental strain Wistar rats (329 +/- 337 ng/mL). Mini rats have been used by several investigators as a GH deficiency model. In this work, we gave a single oral administration of thioacetamide (TAA), a hepatotoxicant, to both Mini rats and Wistar rats to ascertain the influence of GH deficiency on liver response to chemically induced injury and subsequent regeneration. TAA administration caused liver injury in both strains, with a greater extent of injury in Mini rats. Proliferation of bile epithelial cells and so-called oval cells was prominent at Day 3 in Mini rats only, and this change correlated well with serum total bilirubin concentrations. Antibody against Ki-67 antigen revealed that cellular proliferation after TAA-induced liver injury was suppressed but prolonged in the Mini rat liver. Although hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells/macrophages were more abundant in the livers of TAA-treated Mini rats, the hepatic expression patterns of hepatocyte growth factor and transforming growth factor beta 1 were comparable to those of Wistar rats. Insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression was significantly reduced in the Mini rat liver. Our results imply that a lower GH level may exacerbate chemically induced liver injury, enhance infiltration/proliferation of non-parenchymal cells, suppress regeneration of hepatocytes, and induce proliferation of bile epithelial cells and oval cells when the liver is injured by TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tani
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
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Gayan-Ramirez G, Rollier H, Vanderhoydonc F, Verhoeven G, Gosselink R, Decramer M. Nandrolone decanoate does not enhance training effects but increases IGF-I mRNA in rat diaphragm. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2000; 88:26-34. [PMID: 10642358 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2000.88.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine whether concomitant anabolic steroid treatment combined with training might enhance previously observed training effects (A. Bisschop, G. Gayan-Ramirez, H. Rollier, R. Gosselink, R. Dom, V. de Bock, and M. Decramer. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 155: 1583-1589, 1997) and whether insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was involved in these changes, male and female rats were submitted to inspiratory muscle training (IMT) for 8 wk (30 min/day, 5 times/wk) and were compared with untrained controls. During the last 5 wk of training, trained rats were divided to receive weekly either low-dose (LD; 1.5 mg/kg) or high-dose (HD; 7.5 mg/kg) nandrolone decanoate or saline for the IMT and control rats. In both sexes, diaphragm muscle mass and contractile properties were unchanged with treatment. In males, HD resulted in decreased diaphragm type I cross-sectional area (-15%; P < 0.05, HD vs. IMT), whereas no changes were observed in females. Finally, an increase in IGF-I mRNA levels was present in HD male (+73%; P < 0.05, HD vs. IMT) and female treated rats [LD (+58%) and HD (+96%) vs. IMT; P < 0.001]. We conclude that administration of nandrolone decanoate did not enhance the previously observed training effects in rat diaphragm, although it increased the IGF-I mRNA expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gayan-Ramirez
- Respiratory Muscle Research Unit, Laboratory of Pneumology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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