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Torrado C, Camaño M, Hindi N, Ortega J, Sevillano AR, Civantos G, Moura DS, Dimino A, Martín-Broto J. Antiangiogenics in Malignant Granular Cell Tumors: Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5187. [PMID: 37958362 PMCID: PMC10650106 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Granular cell tumors (GCT) represent 0.5% of all soft tissue sarcomas (STS), and when metastatic, they exhibit aggressive behavior and determine limited survival. Metastatic GCTs are relatively chemo-resistant; however, there is growing evidence of the benefit of using pazopanib and other targeted therapies in this histology. This is a review of the role of pazopanib and other targeted therapies in the treatment of GCTs, along with some insights on pathology and molecular biology described in GCTs. From 256 articles found in our search, 10 case-report articles met the inclusion criteria. Pazopanib was the most employed systemic therapy. The median reported time on therapy with pazopanib was seven months. Eight out of ten patients (80%) experienced disease control with pazopanib, while four out of ten (40%) patients achieved an objective RECIST response. Molecular studies suggested that antitumoral effects of pazopanib in GCT might be due to a loss-of-function of ATP6AP1/2 genes which consequently enhance signaling through several molecular pathways, such as SFKs, STAT5a/b, and PDGFR-β. Other reported targeted therapies for malignant GCTs included pazopanib in combination with crizotinib, which showed disease control for four months in one patient, and a PI3K inhibitor which achieved disease control for nine months in another patient. Dasatinib and megestrol were ineffective in two other different patients. Pazopanib has been demonstrated to be active in advanced GCTs and may be considered as a preferable treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Torrado
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Melisa Camaño
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay;
| | - Nadia Hindi
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS/FJD), 28015 Madrid, Spain; (N.H.); (J.O.); (A.R.S.); (D.S.M.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- General de Villalba University Hospital, 28400 Madrid, Spain
| | - Justo Ortega
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS/FJD), 28015 Madrid, Spain; (N.H.); (J.O.); (A.R.S.); (D.S.M.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- General de Villalba University Hospital, 28400 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto R. Sevillano
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS/FJD), 28015 Madrid, Spain; (N.H.); (J.O.); (A.R.S.); (D.S.M.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- General de Villalba University Hospital, 28400 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Civantos
- Pathology Department, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - David S. Moura
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS/FJD), 28015 Madrid, Spain; (N.H.); (J.O.); (A.R.S.); (D.S.M.)
| | - Alessandra Dimino
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Javier Martín-Broto
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS/FJD), 28015 Madrid, Spain; (N.H.); (J.O.); (A.R.S.); (D.S.M.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- General de Villalba University Hospital, 28400 Madrid, Spain
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Salavastru CM, Butacu AI, Fritz K, Eren S, Tiplica GS. [Benign skin neoplasms in children]. Hautarzt 2022; 73:127-137. [PMID: 35029698 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-021-04935-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There are many different types of skin neoplasms in children and most are benign. Dermatologists should be able to differentiate between the various types of benign skin neoplasms and be able to recommend optimal treatment to concerned patients. Surgical removal of benign skin neoplasms is often the only treatment option. The aim of this paper is to provide a general overview of epidermal lesions (e.g., inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus [ILVEN], nevus sebaceous), tumors of the epidermal appendages (e.g. pilomatrixoma), cutaneous neoplasms (e.g. angiofibroma), fibromatoses (e.g., knuckle pads), tumors comprised of fat, muscle, or bone tissue (e.g., osteoma cutis, subungual exostosis), epidermal cysts and pseudocysts, and pathologic fibrosis reactions after dermal injury (keloid). Scientific data are scarce and only in the last decade has it been possible to perform histopathological examinations and genetic studies together with detailed phenotyping to gain new understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Maria Salavastru
- Pädiatrische Dermatologie, Dermatoonkologisches Forschungungslabor, Colentina Klinik, Carol-Davila-Universität für Medizin und Pharmazie, Bukarest, Rumänien
| | - Alexandra-Irina Butacu
- Dermatologie II, Colentina Klinik, Carol-Davila-Universität für Medizin und Pharmazie, Stefan cel Mare Street 19-21, 020125, Bukarest, Rumänien.
| | - Klaus Fritz
- Dermatologie II, Colentina Klinik, Carol-Davila-Universität für Medizin und Pharmazie, Stefan cel Mare Street 19-21, 020125, Bukarest, Rumänien.,Hautärzte und Laserzentrum Landau, Landau, Deutschland
| | - Seher Eren
- Hautärzte und Laserzentrum Landau, Landau, Deutschland
| | - George-Sorin Tiplica
- Dermatologie II, Colentina Klinik, Carol-Davila-Universität für Medizin und Pharmazie, Stefan cel Mare Street 19-21, 020125, Bukarest, Rumänien
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3
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Multifocal Cutaneous Granular Cell Tumor in Children: A Rare Entity. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 44:7-16. [PMID: 34783707 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are rare soft tissue tumors of Schwann cell origin that manifest as papulonodular lesions and occur mainly in adults. The diagnosis is usually confirmed by histopathology. Most of GCTs are benign, but some lesions may exhibit malignant criteria. This study is a retrospective case series including all children with histopathologically documented multiple GCTs who attended the dermatology department of the university hospitals between February 2008 and March 2021. The objective of our study was to raise awareness to this unrecognized and rare entity in such age group. The study included 9 patients (6 girls and 3 boys) with multiple GCTs. Their age ranged between 5 and 13 years. The lesions were skin-colored to light brown, firm, smooth-surfaced nodules. Most of the lesions were on the extremities, and their mean diameter was 160.5 mm2. None of the lesions exhibited any malignant criteria on histopathology. No extracutaneous or mucosal lesions were detected. Dermatologists should be aware of this rare condition in children because early recognition allows more conservative resection of the tumor and less invasive reconstruction of the defect. Our study highlights that multifocality does not necessarily indicate malignancy or other systemic comorbidities.
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Lafuente Ibáñez de Mendoza I, López Ortega K, Trierveiler M, Oliveira Alves MG, Dias Almeida J, Gándara Vila P, Aguirre Urízar JM, Pérez Sayans M. Oral granular cell tumour: A multicentric study of 56 cases and a systematic review. Oral Dis 2020; 26:573-589. [PMID: 31898368 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Granular cell tumour (GCT) is a benign neoplasm that originates from Schwann cells. Within the oral cavity, it usually appears as a lingual nodule and especially amongst female adults. Histologically, GCT shows a proliferation of polygonal cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, which can be associated with a pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH). In this study, we analyse the main clinicopathological data of intraoral GCT and we compare our results with previous studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS We have studied a series of 56 cases of oral GCT in Spain and Brazil, and we have conducted a systematic review in PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Scopus databases, using the keywords: "granular cell tumour" and oral. RESULTS In our series, GCT appeared as an asymptomatic benign tumour that is more frequent in women and in the tongue. PEH was observed in 32% of the lesions. In the review, we collected 282 cases of oral GCT with a similar clinical profile; seven patients had multiple lesions, and 33% of the cases presented PEH. No cases of malignant oral GCT have been described to date. GCT is an uncommon oral benign neoplasm, mainly unique and asymptomatic, derived from Schwann cells. CONCLUSIONS Although the etiopathogenesis of this oral tumour is unknown, its characteristics suggest that it could have a reactive nature. Conducting a complete clinicopathological study in all intraoral GCT is fundamental in order to dismiss other entities, including oral carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Lafuente Ibáñez de Mendoza
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Medicine Unit, Department of Stomatology II, University of the Basque Country, Lejona, Spain
| | - Karem López Ortega
- Special Care Dentistry Centre (CAPE) and Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília Trierveiler
- Special Care Dentistry Centre (CAPE) and Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Janete Dias Almeida
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Pilar Gándara Vila
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, MedOralRes Group, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Manuel Aguirre Urízar
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Medicine Unit, Department of Stomatology II, University of the Basque Country, Lejona, Spain
| | - Mario Pérez Sayans
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, MedOralRes Group, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Sekimizu M, Yoshida A, Mitani S, Asano N, Hirata M, Kubo T, Yamazaki F, Sakamoto H, Kato M, Makise N, Mori T, Yamazaki N, Sekine S, Oda I, Watanabe S, Hiraga H, Yonemoto T, Kawamoto T, Naka N, Funauchi Y, Nishida Y, Honoki K, Kawano H, Tsuchiya H, Kunisada T, Matsuda K, Inagaki K, Kawai A, Ichikawa H. Frequent mutations of genes encoding vacuolar H
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‐ATPase components in granular cell tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:373-380. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Sekimizu
- Department of Clinical GenomicsNational Cancer Center Research Institute Tokyo Japan
- Department of Musculoskeletal OncologyNational Cancer Center Hospital Tokyo Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryShowa University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Clinical LaboratoriesNational Cancer Center Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Sachiyo Mitani
- Department of Clinical GenomicsNational Cancer Center Research Institute Tokyo Japan
| | - Naofumi Asano
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKeio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Makoto Hirata
- Laboratory of Genome TechnologyInstitute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Clinical GenomicsNational Cancer Center Research Institute Tokyo Japan
- Division of Translational GenomicsNational Cancer Center‐Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center Tokyo Japan
| | - Fumito Yamazaki
- Department of Clinical GenomicsNational Cancer Center Research Institute Tokyo Japan
- Department of PediatricsKeio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakamoto
- Department of Clinical GenomicsNational Cancer Center Research Institute Tokyo Japan
| | - Mamoru Kato
- Department of BioinformaticsNational Cancer Center Research Institute Tokyo Japan
| | - Naohiro Makise
- Department of Pathology and Clinical LaboratoriesNational Cancer Center Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Pathology and Clinical LaboratoriesNational Cancer Center Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoya Yamazaki
- Department of Dermatologic OncologyNational Cancer Center Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Shigeki Sekine
- Department of Pathology and Clinical LaboratoriesNational Cancer Center Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Ichiro Oda
- Endoscopy DivisionNational Cancer Center Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Shun‐ichi Watanabe
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryNational Cancer Center Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hiraga
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryHokkaido Cancer Center Sapporo Japan
| | | | - Teruya Kawamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan
| | - Norifumi Naka
- Musculoskeletal Oncology ServiceOsaka International Cancer Institute Osaka Japan
| | - Yuki Funauchi
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryNara Medical University Kashihara Nara Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kawano
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryTeikyo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kunisada
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome SequencingGraduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Katsunori Inagaki
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryShowa University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Akira Kawai
- Department of Musculoskeletal OncologyNational Cancer Center Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ichikawa
- Department of Clinical GenomicsNational Cancer Center Research Institute Tokyo Japan
- Division of Translational GenomicsNational Cancer Center‐Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center Tokyo Japan
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Chen Y, Chen Y, Chen X, Chen L, Liang W. Colonic granular cell tumor: Report of 11 cases and management with review of the literature. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1419-1424. [PMID: 30008819 PMCID: PMC6036509 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonic granular cell tumors (GCTs) are rare and benign, but have malignant potential. The recent progress in endoscopic procedures and technology facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of GCTs. The present study described 11 cases of colonic GCTs diagnosed between March 2010 and April 2015, including patient clinical and histopathological features. Patients were generally asymptomatic. The most common symptoms were hematoquezia and abdominal pain. The male/female ratio was 7:4; age range was 40–67 years. Colonoscopy revealed a yellowish or white, solid and well-circumscribed tumor covered by normal mucosa. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) showed a homogenous, or granular-type heterogeneous, hypoechoic solid tumor originating from the submucosal layer (8 cases) or muscularis mucosae (3 cases), with maximum diameters 0.3–3.0 cm. All patients underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection or endoscopic submucosal excavation without complication. All tumors were block removed. The mean operative time was 38 min (range, 31–50 min). Immunohistochemical analysis of all specimens confirmed the diagnosis of GCT by positive staining of S-100 protein. No recurrence or metastasis was observed during follow-up periods of 11 months to 5 years. In conclusion, colonoscopy, EUS and immunohistological examination increase the accuracy of diagnosis of GCTs. Endoscopic management is feasible and safe for GCT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, and Affiliated Putian Hospital of Southern Medical University, Putian, Fujian 351100, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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7
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Richmond AM, La Rosa FG, Said S. Granular cell tumor presenting in the scrotum of a pediatric patient: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2016; 10:161. [PMID: 27259474 PMCID: PMC4893259 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-016-0911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granular cell tumors are neoplasms of Schwann cell origin. They typically arise in the head and neck of adults, with the tongue being the most common location; granular cell tumors of male genitalia are exceedingly rare. We identified only eight prior cases of scrotal granular cell tumor in the literature, and only one was in a child. Herein, we report a second case of childhood scrotal granular cell tumor and provide a review of the most relevant literature. CASE PRESENTATION A fifteen-year-old hispanic boy was referred to our hospital's pediatric surgery service for a painless and firm scrotal mass. Clinical impression was that of an epidermal inclusion cyst. There was no evidence of associated medical problems from the clinical history and physical examination. Surgical enucleation of the lesion demonstrated a solid nodule with morphological and immunohistochemical features consistent with a benign granular cell tumor. CONCLUSIONS This is the second case reported of a scrotal granular cell tumor in a child. Although genital granular cell tumors are rare, and most are benign, careful clinical examination, complete surgical excision, expert histologic evaluation, and a close follow-up are recommended for accurate diagnosis and to rule out eventual malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby M Richmond
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Francisco G La Rosa
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Sherif Said
- Department of Pathology, Denver Health Hospital, Denver, CO, 80204, USA.
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Abstract
Neurogenic tumors are an uncommon yet important category of soft tissue tumors in children and adolescents because of their frequent association with various genetic syndromes. The heterogeneous cellular composition of the peripheral nerve and the wide metaplastic capacity of the neural crest and its derivatives generate a variety of neoplasms with neurogenic differentiation. This article reviews the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of neurogenic tumors in the first two decades of life, and highlights use of selected ancillary methods for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M M Cates
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Lahmam Bennani Z, Boussofara L, Saidi W, Bayou F, Ghariani N, Belajouza C, Sriha B, Denguezli M, Nouira R. [Childhood cutaneous Abrikossoff tumor]. Arch Pediatr 2011; 18:778-82. [PMID: 21600742 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Granular cell tumor (GCT), also known as Abrikossoff tumor, is a rare and benign neoplasm that more commonly affects the oral cavity in adults. We report here 2 childhood cases of a cutaneous granular cell tumor. CASE REPORTS An 8- and a 12-year-old girl, with no past medical history, presented with pigmented nodular lesions located, respectively, in the left scapular region and the left iliac crest. Histological examination showed sheets and clusters of infiltrating tumor cells with morphologic and immunohistochemical features consistent with granular cell tumor. In both cases, the lesions were excised with 2-cm margins. The patients are presently being reviewed at 6-month and 2-month intervals to evaluate for recurrence and any malignant transformation. They were in good health with no signs of further tumor development. DISCUSSION GCT is a relatively uncommon benign neoplasm probably of neural origin derived from Schwann cells. The tongue and buccal mucosa are commonly affected. It develops between the second and sixth decades of life, more frequently among women and blacks. It can also occur in childhood, but this is rare. The cutaneous forms, as in the present observations, are exceptional. Benign granular cell tumours are generally seen as a solitary asymptomatic nodule less than 3 cm in size involving the subcutaneous or submucosal tissues. Histologically, the tumor is not encapsulated but is well circumscribed. The tumor cells may show a degree of infiltration of the surrounding connective tissue. The cells are polygonal, have abundant cytoplasm, are granular and weakly eosinophilic. The nuclei are small, vesicular, and highly chromatic. Mitotic figures are rare. A key element for the histological diagnosis is the expression of S100 protein, neuron specific enolase (NSE), and vimentin on immunohistochemistry. The treatment of choice is a conservative surgical excision of the lesion. However, as the GCT has a poorly defined margin, it is suggested that the tumor should be excised along with portions of adjacent tissue. A low rate of recurrence of the lesion has been reported. CONCLUSION The specific value of these rare cases is the occurrence in 2 children and the cutaneous location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lahmam Bennani
- Service de dermatologie, centre hospitalo-universitaire Farhat-Hached, 4002 Sousse, Tunisie
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11
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Denayer E, Devriendt K, de Ravel T, Van Buggenhout G, Smeets E, Francois I, Sznajer Y, Craen M, Leventopoulos G, Mutesa L, Vandecasseye W, Massa G, Kayserili H, Sciot R, Fryns JP, Legius E. Tumor spectrum in children with Noonan syndrome and SOS1 or RAF1 mutations. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2010; 49:242-52. [PMID: 19953625 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in PTPN11, KRAS, SOS1, and RAF1. We performed SOS1, RAF1, BRAF, MEK1, and MEK2 mutation analysis in a cohort of 102 PTPN11- and KRAS-negative NS patients and found pathogenic SOS1 mutations in 10, RAF1 mutations in 4, and BRAF mutations in 2 patients. Three novel SOS1 mutations were found. One was classified as a rare benign variant and the other remains unclassified. We confirm a high prevalence of pulmonic stenosis and ectodermal abnormalities in SOS1-positive patients. Three patients with SOS1 mutations presented with tumors (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, Sertoli cell testis tumor, and granular cell tumors of the skin). One patient with a RAF1 mutation had a lesion suggestive for a giant cell tumor. This is the first report describing different tumor types in NS patients with germ line SOS1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Denayer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Stock D, McKee P, Donley B, Lakin R, Goldblum J, Howard M. Granular cell tumor of the toe: a case report. J Foot Ankle Surg 2009; 48:358-61. [PMID: 19423037 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The authors present a case of a granular cell tumor of the second digit that was treated with a partial digit amputation. A 49-year-old male presented with an atypical hyperkeratotic lesion at the distal aspect of the second toe with adjacent dystrophy of the nail plate. Radiographs, magnetic resonance images, and, finally, ultrasound images were used to confirm the presence of an underlying mass, and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of granular cell tumor. Partial digital amputation was eventually undertaken. We feel that it is important for surgeons to maintain a high index of suspicion, particularly when a seemingly benign lesion, such as a hyperkeratosis, fails to respond as expected to treatment. LEVEL OF CLINICAL EVIDENCE 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Stock
- Orthopaedic & Rheumatologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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13
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Schrader KA, Nelson TN, De Luca A, Huntsman DG, McGillivray BC. Multiple granular cell tumors are an associated feature of LEOPARD syndrome caused by mutation inPTPN11. Clin Genet 2009; 75:185-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.01100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Sidwell RU, Rouse P, Owen RA, Green JSA. Granular cell tumor of the scrotum in a child with Noonan syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 2008; 25:341-3. [PMID: 18577039 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2008.00678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Granular cell tumor is a rare neoplasm thought to be of neural origin, composed of cells with distinctive granular cytoplasm. Granular cell tumors most often arise on the tongue, but can occur at any body site, and therefore initial presentation to dermatologists is common. We report a granular cell tumor of the scrotum in a child with Noonan syndrome, known to have a mutation in the PTPN11 gene. No previous reports of granular cell tumor of the scrotum in a child are found. The tumor is usually benign; however, it can have a high local recurrence rate (variable between 2% and 50% dependent on whether initial excision is complete and on the occurrence of an infiltrative growth pattern) and therefore long-term follow-up is necessary. This case highlights the occurrence of granular cell tumor, a diagnosis not to be missed by the dermatologist. In addition, we postulate the possible role of PTPN11 mutations in the development of granular cell tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel U Sidwell
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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15
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Tomson N, Abdullah A, Tan CY. Multiple granular cell tumors in a child with growth retardation. Report of a case and review of the literature. Int J Dermatol 2006; 45:1358-61. [PMID: 17076726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2006.02828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nevianna Tomson
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham Skin Center, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Kuroda N, Kohno N, Iwamura SI, Hamaguchi N, Ohara M, Hirouchi T, Zuno K. Granular cell tumor arising metachronously in the bronchus and esophagus. APMIS 2006; 114:659-62. [PMID: 16948821 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2006.apm_490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of granular cell tumor (GCT) occurring in the esophagus 7 years after operation for bronchial GCT. A 59-year-old Japanese man complained of epigastralgia, and endoscopic examination of the upper digestive tract disclosed a submucosal tumor in the lower esophagus. Histological examination of the endoscopic mucosal resection of the esophageal tumor showed a proliferation of neoplastic cells with an eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm. The cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells was histochemically positive for PAS stain and immunohistochemically positive for S-100. This tumor did not fulfill any of the diagnostic criteria for malignancy at either the macroscopic or microscopic level. I believe that this is the first case of GCT occurring metachronously in the respiratory and digestive tracts. Clinicians and pathologists should bear in mind that GCT may arise metachronously in the respiratory and digestive tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Kuroda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kochi Red Cross Hospital, Shinhonmachi 2-chome 13-51, Kochi City, Kochi 780-8562, Japan.
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Laskin WB, Fetsch JF, Davis CJ, Sesterhenn IA. Granular cell tumor of the penis: clinicopathologic evaluation of 9 cases. Hum Pathol 2005; 36:291-8. [PMID: 15791574 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2004.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of granular cell tumor (GCT) in penile tissue is very rare, with only 9 examples reported to date in the English-language literature. Herein, we describe the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical findings in 9 additional cases. The patients ranged in age from 20 to 60 years (mean, 42 years; median, 40 years) at time of diagnosis. All penile tumors were solitary and arose in the dermis of the penile shaft (n=4), prepuce (n=3), and corona (n=2). A patient had a history of multiple cutaneous GCTs. Duration of symptoms before surgery ranged from 5 days to 2 years with the presence of an asymptomatic nodule representing the most common tumor-related complaint (n=8). The lesions ranged in size from 0.6 to 2.5 cm (mean, 1.5 cm; median, 1.5 cm). Microscopically, the tumors were moderate to highly cellular and were composed of oval to polygonal-shaped cells with abundant coarsely granular eosinophilic cytoplasm. Tumor cells grew in infiltrating nests, cords, and trabeculae and showed neural (n=2) and vessel wall (n=1) invasion or formed a relatively well-marginated solid nodule. Bland cytological features with only rare cells showing nucleomegaly (n=7) or spindling (n=3) were exhibited by 8 tumors. A tumor demonstrated diffuse nuclear atypia and was classified as "atypical." Mitotic activity ranged from 0 to 8 mitoses (mean, 1.4 mitoses) per 50 high-powered fields with no atypical division figures identified. All tumors tested showed moderate to strong immunohistochemical expression of S100 protein (n=6) and low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (n=5), which was useful for detecting small deposits of tumor and helpful in evaluating surgical margins. Focal tumor cell immunoreactivity was observed for calretinin (4/6 cases) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (1/6 cases). All patients underwent simple (local) excision of their tumor. Complete follow-up data (mean, 21 years; interval range, 0.5-28 years) were available for 6 patients. No patient experienced recurrence or metastatic spread of tumor although surgical margins were microscopically involved by tumor in 5 cases. Benign GCT involving superficial soft tissue of the penis can be adequately managed by a simple excision. Patients with microscopically involved surgical margins can be clinically followed without immediate additional surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Laskin
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Janousková G, Campr V, Konkol'ová R, Zemanová R, Hoch J, Hercogová J. Multiple granular cell tumour. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2004; 18:347-9. [PMID: 15096153 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2004.00925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Myoblastic myoma was first described in 1926. Immunohistochemical methods have proven the neuroectodermal origin of this tumour. It most frequently affects individuals between 30 and 60 years of age, with a significant female predominance. In most cases it is a benign solitary tumour, with multiple lesions found in 25% of cases. The malignant variant of the tumour is diagnosed in less than 3% of cases. This case report of a 30-year-old woman describes the appearance of a solid resistance between her breasts following delivery of her child, with similar findings on the neck and wrists. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of a benign variant of myoblastic myoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Janousková
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the 2nd Medical School of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, V Uvalu 84, Czech Republic.
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Buratti S, Savides TJ, Newbury RO, Dohil R. Granular cell tumor of the esophagus: report of a pediatric case and literature review. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2004; 38:97-101. [PMID: 14676603 DOI: 10.1097/00005176-200401000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Buratti
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of California, San Diego, and Children's Hospital San Diego, USA
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Lise MLZ, Quattrino AL, Bragança RF, Pontual CD, Diniz C, Rochael M. Hamartoma angiomatoso écrino: um tumor doloroso. An Bras Dermatol 2003. [DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962003000400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O hamartoma angiomatoso écrino (HAE) é lesão benigna, em geral, congênita. Apresenta-se na maioria dos casos como nódulo ou placa cor da pele ou eritematosa associada ou não à hiperidrose focal e dor. Localiza-se preferencialmente nos membros inferiores, próximo aos joelhos ou nos artelhos, mas lesões na face, região cervical, sacra e tronco foram descritas. O principal diagnóstico diferencial deve ser feito com o tumor glômico. Em geral, o HAE tem evolução benigna, havendo relatos de remissão espontânea da dor, sem necessidade de remoção. Contudo, foram descritos casos em que a dor levou à exérese da lesão e mesmo à amputação do membro afetado. Os autores relatam um caso de hamartoma angiomatoso écrino de aparecimento tardio, com sintomatologia exuberante e de difícil tratamento.
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De Raeve L, Roseeuw D, Otten J. Multiple cutaneous granular cell tumors in a child in remission for Hodgkin's disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 47:S180-2. [PMID: 12140456 DOI: 10.1067/mjd.2002.108492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple cutaneous granular cell tumors are uncommon among children. We describe a 13-year-old boy with Hodgkin's disease in remission for 3 years who had multiple cutaneous granular cell tumors. We wondered whether this association was real or a coincidence and whether this child was at increased risk of development of malignant granular cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda De Raeve
- Department of Dermatology, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
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Abstract
Granular cell tumor is an uncommon benign tumor occurring on the skin as a single nodule. Multiple tumors are very rare, particularly in children. We describe a child with multiple granular cell tumors on the skin in association with growth hormone deficiency. The occurrence of multiple granular cell tumors in association with other clinical manifestations in childhood is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seiter
- Department of Dermatology, The Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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