1
|
Silva S, Bicker J, Falcão A, Fortuna A. Antidepressants and Circadian Rhythm: Exploring Their Bidirectional Interaction for the Treatment of Depression. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1975. [PMID: 34834391 PMCID: PMC8624696 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence that circadian rhythms affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics has highlighted the importance of drug dosing-time. Circadian oscillations alter drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) as well as intracellular signaling systems, target molecules (e.g., receptors, transporters, and enzymes), and gene transcription. Although several antidepressant drugs are clinically available, less than 50% of depressed patients respond to first-line pharmacological treatments. Chronotherapeutic approaches to enhance the effectiveness of antidepressants are not completely known. Even so, experimental results found until this day suggest a positive influence of drug dosing-time on the efficacy of depression therapy. On the other hand, antidepressants have also demonstrated to modulate circadian rhythmicity and sleep-wake cycles. This review aims to evidence the potential of chronotherapy to improve the efficacy and/or safety of antidepressants. It includes pre-clinical and clinical studies that demonstrate the relevance of determining the most appropriate time of administration for antidepressant drugs. In parallel, their positive influence on the resynchronization of disrupted circadian rhythms is also herein discussed. It is expected that this review will promote the investigation of chronotherapy for the treatment of depression, contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between antidepressants and circadian rhythms, and consequently promote the development of new therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.S.); (A.F.); (A.F.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Bicker
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.S.); (A.F.); (A.F.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.S.); (A.F.); (A.F.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.S.); (A.F.); (A.F.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Delcourte S, Etievant A, Haddjeri N. Role of central serotonin and noradrenaline interactions in the antidepressants' action: Electrophysiological and neurochemical evidence. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 259:7-81. [PMID: 33541681 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of antidepressant drugs, in the last 6 decades, has been associated with theories based on a deficiency of serotonin (5-HT) and/or noradrenaline (NA) systems. Although the pathophysiology of major depression (MD) is not fully understood, numerous investigations have suggested that treatments with various classes of antidepressant drugs may lead to an enhanced 5-HT and/or adapted NA neurotransmissions. In this review, particular morpho-physiological aspects of these systems are first considered. Second, principal features of central 5-HT/NA interactions are examined. In this regard, the effects of the acute and sustained antidepressant administrations on these systems are discussed. Finally, future directions including novel therapeutic strategies are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Delcourte
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Adeline Etievant
- Integrative and Clinical Neurosciences EA481, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Nasser Haddjeri
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Time-course of changes in key catecholaminergic receptors and trophic systems in rat brain after antidepressant administration. Neurochem Int 2020; 141:104885. [PMID: 33132141 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Several biochemical parameters within the brain are altered by antidepressants. However, it is still uncertain which parameters are important for the evaluation of the effectiveness of these drugs. What seems certain is that the response of the nervous system is dynamic. The dynamic nature of the nervous system is still poorly understood, although it has implications in clinical management. Criteria for evaluating treatment resistant depression are based on this temporal variability. The present study was designed to evaluate dynamic alterations in catecholaminergic receptors and calcyon (associated with monoaminergic theory of depression) in the rat brain as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase beta (TRKB; related to neurotrophin theory) induced by three antidepressant drugs (ADs) with various pharmacological profiles (imipramine, desipramine, and citalopram) administered for 21 days or acutely, followed by various drug-free periods. Receptor autoradiography and in situ hybridization studies allowed us to identify changes in various brain regions simultaneously in each rat. Repeated treatment with ADs induced biochemical alterations, which were in agreement with the results of previous studies. These alterations include the downregulation of β1, β2, and α1 adrenergic receptors, upregulation of α2-adrenergic receptors and dopamine D2 receptors, and increased expression of BDNF in the hippocampus. Additionally, we observed dynamic alterations in the measured parameters after acute drug administration, particularly at the level of dopamine receptors, which were extremely sensitive to a single dose of ADs followed by various drug-free periods. All three ADs induced the upregulation of dopamine D2 receptor mRNA levels in the nucleus accumbens. The same effect was induced by single doses of ADs followed by various drug-free periods. The obtained results indicate that alterations in the availability of neurotransmitters at synapses induced by ADs are strong enough to induce immediate and long-lasting adaptive changes in the neuronal network.
Collapse
|
4
|
Shen F, Qi K, Duan Y, Li Y, Liang J, Meng X, Li M, Sui N. Differential effects of clomipramine on depression-like behaviors induced by the chronic social defeat paradigm in tree shrews. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:1141-1149. [PMID: 30182783 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118793560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia is a hallmark symptom in major depression that reflects deficits in hedonic capacity and it is also linked to motivation for reward. However, studies of the features of motivation in depressed tree shrews are rather sparse. AIMS The study aimed to investigate the core feature of depression including lack of interest, motivation reduction, and social avoidance in tree shrews. Furthermore, the effects of the treatment using clomipramine on these depression-like behaviors were assessed. METHODS The paradigm of chronic social defeat in tree shrews was used to evaluate the core feature of depression through examining their sucrose preference, break-point for reward, and social interaction. RESULTS The results showed that social defeat lowered the curves of the sucrose preference and the break-point, as well as decreased social interaction. The results suggested that the subordinate animals exhibited interest loss, motivational reduction, and social avoidance. After oral treatment with clomipramine (50 mg/kg/day) for four weeks, most of the depression-like behaviors were reversed, whereas the motivational reduction was not clearly affected. Notably, the motivational reduction appeared obviously during the first week after the social defeat, and the conventional tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine did not reverse the reduced motivation. CONCLUSIONS These findings imply that motivational variation might be applied as a more sensitive behavioral index in subordinate animals and could furthermore be used to evaluate potential agents as antidepressants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Shen
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,2 Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keke Qi
- 3 Department of Philosophy, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Duan
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,2 Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,2 Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,2 Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Meng
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,2 Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- 4 Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
| | - Nan Sui
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,2 Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Time of Administration of Acute or Chronic Doses of Imipramine Affects its Antidepressant Action in Rats. J Circadian Rhythms 2018; 16:5. [PMID: 30210565 PMCID: PMC6083812 DOI: 10.5334/jcr.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis and therapeutics of depression are linked to the operation of the circadian system. Here, we studied the chronopharmacological action of a tricyclic antidepressant, imipramine. Male adult Wistar–Hannover rats were administered imipramine acutely or chronically in the morning or in the evening. The antidepressant action of imipramine was analyzed using the forced swim test (FST). A single dose of imipramine (30 mg/kg) in the morning, but not in the evening, reduced immobility and increased climbing in the FST. The plasma concentrations of imipramine and its metabolite, desipramine, were slightly higher in the morning than in the evening, which might explain the dosing time-dependent action of imipramine. Next, we analyzed the effect of chronic imipramine treatment. Rats received imipramine in the morning or in the evening for 2 weeks. The morning treatment resulted in larger effects in the FST than the evening treatment, and was effective at a dose that was ineffective when administered acutely. The levels of brain α-adrenergic receptors tended to decrease after chronic imipramine treatment. Imipramine might interact with noradrenergic neurons, and this interaction might chronically alter receptor expression. This alteration seemed greater in the morning than in the evening, which might explain the dosing time-dependent action of imipramine.
Collapse
|
6
|
DeCaluwe HB, Wielebnowski NC, Howard J, Pelican KM, Ottinger MA. Characterization of multiple pathways modulating aggression in the male clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa
). Zoo Biol 2016; 35:474-486. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather B. DeCaluwe
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland
- Center for Species Survival; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Front Royal Virginia
| | | | - JoGayle Howard
- Center for Species Survival; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Front Royal Virginia
| | - Katharine M. Pelican
- Department of Veterinary Preventative Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Mary Ann Ottinger
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry; University of Houston; Houston Texas
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Desipramine administered chronically inhibits lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of IL-1β in the brain and plasma of rats. Cytokine 2016; 80:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
8
|
α2-adrenoceptor binding in Flinders-sensitive line compared with Flinders-resistant line and Sprague-Dawley rats. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2015; 27:345-52. [PMID: 25903810 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Disturbances in the noradrenergic system, including alterations in the densities of α2-adrenoceptors, are posited to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. In this study, we investigate the binding of α2-adrenoceptors in regions relevant to depression in an animal model of depression. METHODS Using in vitro autoradiography techniques and the selective α2-ligand, [3H]RX 821002, we investigated the density of α2-adrenoceptors in female Flinders-sensitive line (FSL) rats, a validated model of depression, and in two traditional control groups - female Flinders-resistant line (FRL) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. RESULTS The α2-adrenoceptor density was increased in most regions of the FSL rat brain when compared with SD rats (10% across regions). Moreover, the α2-adrenoceptor density was further increased in the FRL rats compared with both FSL (10% across regions) and SD rats (24% across regions). CONCLUSIONS The increase in α2-adrenoceptor binding in cortical regions in the FSL strain compared with the SD control strain is in accord with α2-adrenoceptor post-mortem binding data in suicide victims with untreated major depression. However, the differences in binding observed in the two control groups were unexpected and suggest the need for further studies in a larger cohort of animals of both sexes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Husain BFA, Nanavaty IN, Marathe SV, Rajendran R, Vaidya VA. Hippocampal transcriptional and neurogenic changes evoked by combination yohimbine and imipramine treatment. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 61:1-9. [PMID: 25784603 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adjunct α2-adrenoceptor antagonism is a potential strategy to accelerate the behavioral effects of antidepressants. Co-administration of the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine hastens the behavioral and neurogenic effects of the antidepressant imipramine. We examined the transcriptional targets of short duration (7days), combination treatment of yohimbine and imipramine (Y+I) within the adult rat hippocampus. Using microarray and qPCR analysis we observed functional enrichment of genes involved in intracellular signaling cascades, plasma membrane, cellular metal ion homeostasis, multicellular stress responses and neuropeptide signaling pathways in the Y+I transcriptome. We noted reduced expression of the α2A-adrenoceptor (Adra2a), serotonin 5HT2C receptor (Htr2c) and the somatostatin receptor 1 (Sstr1), which modulate antidepressant action. Further, we noted a regulation of signaling pathway genes like inositol monophosphatase 2 (Impa2), iodothyronine deiodinase 3 (Dio3), regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (Rgs4), alkaline ceramidase 2 (Acer2), doublecortin-like kinase 2 (Dclk2), nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (Nfkbia) and serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (Sgk1), several of which are implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Comparative analysis revealed an overlap in the hippocampal regulation of Acer2, Nfkbia, Sgk1 and Impa2 between Y+I treatment, the fast-acting electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) paradigm, and the slow-onset chronic (21days) imipramine treatment. Further, Y+I treatment enhanced the quiescent neural progenitor pool in the hippocampal neurogenic niche similar to ECS, and distinct from chronic imipramine treatment. Taken together, our results provide insight into the molecular and cellular targets of short duration Y+I treatment, and identify potential leads for the development of rapid-action antidepressants.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anticonvulsants/pharmacology
- Cell Count
- Doublecortin Protein
- Drug Combinations
- Electroshock/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism
- Hippocampus/cytology
- Hippocampus/drug effects
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Imipramine/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nestin/genetics
- Nestin/metabolism
- Neurogenesis/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Somatostatin/genetics
- Receptors, Somatostatin/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Yohimbine/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basma Fatima Anwar Husain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ishira N Nanavaty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swananda V Marathe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajeev Rajendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vidita A Vaidya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ferdousi M, Lalies M, Wasilewska A, Sączewski F, Hudson A. The effect of 7-fluoro-marsanidine, a novel α2-adrenoceptor agonist, on extracellular noradrenaline in rat frontal cortex: A microdialysis study. Neurosci Lett 2015; 590:47-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
11
|
Electroconvulsive shocks decrease α2-adrenoceptor binding in the Flinders rat model of depression. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:404-12. [PMID: 25604421 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite years of drug development, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains the most effective treatment for severe depression. The exact therapeutic mechanism of action of ECT is still unresolved and therefore we tested the hypothesis that the beneficial effect of ECT could in part be the result of increased noradrenergic neurotransmission leading to a decrease in α2-adrenoceptor binding. We have previously shown that both the Flinders sensitive line (FSL) and Flinders resistant line (FRL) rats had altered α2-adrenoceptor binding compared to control Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In this study, we treated female FSL, FRL and SD rats with electroconvulsive shock (ECS), an animal model of ECT, or sham stimulation for 10 days before brains were removed and cut into 20µm thick sections. Densities of α2-adrenoceptors were measured by quantitative autoradiography in the hippocampus, thalamic nucleus, hypothalamus, amygdala, frontal cortex, insular cortex, and perirhinal cortex using the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, [(3)H]RX 821002. ECS decreased the binding of α2-adrenoceptors in cortical regions in the FSL and cortical and amygdaloid regions in the control FRL rats compared to their respective sham treated group. The normal SD controls showed no significant response to ECS treatment. Our data suggest that the therapeutic effect of ECS may be mediated through a decrease of α2-adrenoceptors, probably due to a sustained increase in noradrenaline release. These data confirm the importance of the noradrenergic system and the α2-adrenoceptor in depression and in the mechanism of antidepressant treatments.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ghanemi A, Hu X. Elements toward novel therapeutic targeting of the adrenergic system. Neuropeptides 2015; 49:25-35. [PMID: 25481798 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adrenergic receptors belong to the family of the G protein coupled receptors that represent important targets in the modern pharmacotherapies. Studies on different physiological and pathophysiological properties of the adrenergic system have led to novel evidences and theories that suggest novel possible targeting of such system in a variety of pathologies and disorders, even beyond the classical known therapeutic possibilities. Herein, those advances have been illustrated with selected concepts and different examples. Furthermore, we illustrated the applications and the therapeutic implications that such findings and advances might have in the contexts of experimental pharmacology, therapeutics and clinic. We hope that the content of this work will guide researches devoted to the adrenergic aspects that combine neurosciences with pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Xintian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China; Key State Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
α2 Adrenergic Receptor Trafficking as a Therapeutic Target in Antidepressant Drug Action. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 132:207-25. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
14
|
Sekio M, Seki K. Lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior is associated with α₁-adrenoceptor dependent downregulation of the membrane GluR1 subunit in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex and ventral tegmental area. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 18:pyu005. [PMID: 25539502 PMCID: PMC4368860 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress-induced depressive-like behavior is relevant to inflammatory immune activation. However, the neurobiological alterations in the brain following the central inflammatory immune activation remain elusive. METHODS Therefore, we investigated the neurobiological alterations during depressive-like behavior induced in mice by systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1.2 mg/kg administered twice at a 30-min interval via intraperitoneal injection). RESULTS At 24 h after the second administration of LPS, an increased immobility time in the tail suspension test and the forced swimming test were observed, as well as reduced sucrose preference. Protein levels of the AMPA receptor GluR1 were significantly decreased at the plasma membrane in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), while levels of the GluR2 were increased at the plasma membrane in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) at 24h after LPS. However, total GluR1 and GluR2 protein levels in the mPFC, VTA, and NAc were not affected by LPS. Moreover, LPS facilitated release of noradrenaline in the mPFC and VTA, but not in the NAc. Consistently, systemic administration of prazosin, an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, blocked the LPS-induced downregulation of the membrane GluR1 subunit in both the mPFC and VTA and also blocked the upregulation of the membrane GluR2 subunit in the NAc. Intracerebroventricular administration of prazosin 30 min before LPS injection abrogated the LPS-induced depressive-like behaviors. In opposition, administration of propranolol, a β-adrenoceptor antagonist, did not affect the LPS-induced downregulation of GluR1, the upregulation of GluR2, or the depressive-like behavior. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that LPS-activated α1-adrenoceptor-induced downregulation of membrane GluR1 in the mPFC and VTA is associated with inflammation-induced depressive-like behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenjiro Seki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jhaveri DJ, Nanavaty I, Prosper BW, Marathe S, Husain BFA, Kernie SG, Bartlett PF, Vaidya VA. Opposing effects of α2- and β-adrenergic receptor stimulation on quiescent neural precursor cell activity and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98736. [PMID: 24922313 PMCID: PMC4055446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine regulates latent neural stem cell activity and adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and has an important role in modulating hippocampal functions such as learning, memory and mood. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a multi-stage process, spanning from the activation and proliferation of hippocampal stem cells, to their differentiation into neurons. However, the stage-specific effects of noradrenergic receptors in regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis remain poorly understood. In this study, we used transgenic Nestin-GFP mice and neurosphere assays to show that modulation of α2- and β-adrenergic receptor activity directly affects Nestin-GFP/GFAP-positive precursor cell population albeit in an opposing fashion. While selective stimulation of α2-adrenergic receptors decreases precursor cell activation, proliferation and immature neuron number, stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors activates the quiescent precursor pool and enhances their proliferation in the adult hippocampus. Furthermore, our data indicate no major role for α1-adrenergic receptors, as we did not observe any change in either the activation and proliferation of hippocampal precursors following selective stimulation or blockade of α1-adrenergic receptors. Taken together, our data suggest that under physiological as well as under conditions that lead to enhanced norepinephrine release, the balance between α2- and β-adrenergic receptor activity regulates precursor cell activity and hippocampal neurogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanisha J. Jhaveri
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ishira Nanavaty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Boris W. Prosper
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Swanand Marathe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Basma F. A. Husain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Steven G. Kernie
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Perry F. Bartlett
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail: (VAV); (PFB)
| | - Vidita A. Vaidya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
- * E-mail: (VAV); (PFB)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
van Zyl PJ, Dimatelis JJ, Russell VA. Changes in behavior and ultrasonic vocalizations during antidepressant treatment in the maternally separated Wistar-Kyoto rat model of depression. Metab Brain Dis 2014; 29:495-507. [PMID: 24338028 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-013-9463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic predisposition and stress are major factors in depression. The objective of this study was to establish a robust animal model of depression by selecting the appropriate substrain of the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat, and subjecting these rats to the stress of maternal separation during the early stages of development. The initial experiment identified WKY/NCrl as the appropriate substrain of WKY to use for the study. In the second part of the study, depression-like behavior and ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) were recorded in WKY/NCrl and maternally separated WKY/NCrl rats during the course of reversal of depression-like behavior. Wistar rats served as the reference strain. In adulthood, non-separated WKY/NCrl, maternally separated WKY/NCrl and Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with either saline or desipramine (15 mg/kg/day) for 15 days and their behavior recorded. Desipramine decreased immobility and increased active swimming and struggling behavior of WKY/NCrl in the FST and also decreased their USVs in response to removal of cage mates. The USVs in this study appeared to signal an attempt to re-establish social contact with cage mates and provided a measure of social dependence. Maternally separated WKY/NCrl rats displayed more anxiety than normally reared WKY/NCrl rats and responded to the anxiolytic effects of desipramine. The present findings support the use of WKY/NCrl as an animal model of depression. Maternal separation increased the anxiety-like behavior of the WKY/NCrl, thus providing a robust model to study depression- and anxiety-related behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J van Zyl
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Le Maître E, Dourmap N, Vilpoux C, Leborgne R, Janin F, Bonnet JJ, Costentin J, Leroux-Nicollet I. Acute and subchronic treatments with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors increase Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (NOP) receptor density in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus; interactions between nociceptin/NOP system and serotonin. Brain Res 2013; 1520:51-60. [PMID: 23669068 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ is the endogenous ligand of NOP receptor, formerly referred to as the Opioid Receptor-Like 1 receptor. We have previously shown that NOP receptors were located on serotonergic neurons in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus, suggesting possible direct interactions between nociceptin and serotonin in this region, which is a target for antidepressant action. In the present study, we investigated further the link between Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant treatments and the nociceptin/NOP receptor system. Intraperitoneal administration of the SSRI citalopram induced an increase in NOP-receptor density, measured by autoradiographic [(3)H] nociceptin binding, in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus, from the first to the 21st day of treatment. This effect was also observed with other SSRIs (sertraline, fluoxetine), but not with two tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine, clomipramine) and was abolished by pre-treatment with para-chlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis. Using microdialysis experiments, we demonstrated that NOP-receptor activation by infusion of nociceptin 10(-6) M or 10(-5) M increased the level of extracellular serotonin in the dorsal raphe nucleus. This effect was abolished by co-infusion of the NOP-receptor antagonist UFP 101. These results confirm the existence of reciprocal interactions between serotonin and nociceptin/NOP transmissions in the dorsal raphe nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Le Maître
- Unité de Neuropsychopharmacologie de la Dépression, EA 4359, IRIB, Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie, 22 Bd. Gambetta, 76183 Rouen Cedex 1, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cottingham C, Wang Q. α2 adrenergic receptor dysregulation in depressive disorders: implications for the neurobiology of depression and antidepressant therapy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:2214-25. [PMID: 22910678 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction in noradrenergic neurotransmission has long been theorized to occur in depressive disorders. The α2 adrenergic receptor (AR) family, as a group of key players in regulating the noradrenergic system, has been investigated for involvement in the neurobiology of depression and mechanisms of antidepressant therapies. However, a clear picture of the α2ARs in depressive disorders has not been established due to the existence of apparently conflicting findings in the literature. In this article, we report that a careful accounting of methodological differences within the literature can resolve the present lack of consensus on involvement of α2ARs in depression. In particular, the pharmacological properties of the radioligand (e.g. agonist versus antagonist) utilized for determining receptor density are crucial in determining study outcome. Upregulation of α2AR density detected by radiolabeled agonists but not by antagonists in patients with depressive disorders suggests a selective increase in the density of high-affinity conformational state α2ARs, which is indicative of enhanced G protein coupling to the receptor. Importantly, this high-affinity state α2AR upregulation can be normalized with antidepressant treatments. Thus, depressive disorders appear to be associated with increased α2AR sensitivity and responsiveness, which may represent a physiological basis for the putative noradrenergic dysfunction in depressive disorders. In addition, we review changes in some key α2AR accessory proteins in depressive disorders and discuss their potential contribution to α2AR dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Cottingham
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chandley M, Ordway G. Noradrenergic Dysfunction in Depression and Suicide. THE NEUROBIOLOGICAL BASIS OF SUICIDE 2012. [DOI: 10.1201/b12215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
20
|
Landau AM, Doudet DJ, Jakobsen S. Amphetamine challenge decreases yohimbine binding to α2 adrenoceptors in Landrace pig brain. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 222:155-63. [PMID: 22227612 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The noradrenaline (NA) system is implicated in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders; however, our understanding is impaired by the lack of well-validated radioligands to assess NA function and release. Yohimbine, an α2 adrenoceptor antagonist, has recently been developed as a carbon-11 [11C]-labeled radioligand for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies. OBJECTIVES Here we explore the hypothesis that yohimbine can be used as an in vivo tracer of NA receptor binding and release during amphetamine challenges in Landrace pigs. METHODS Pigs underwent baseline PET scans with [11C]yohimbine and were then challenged with 10 mg/kg d-amphetamine 20 min prior to a second [11C]yohimbine scan. Using the Logan analysis model, volumes of distribution were calculated from fits of the kinetic data 25-90 min post-yohimbine injection. RESULTS Amphetamine decreased [11C]yohimbine volume of distribution in the brain regions under investigation, including the thalamus, caudate nucleus, and cortical regions. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the binding of [11C]yohimbine to α2 adrenoceptors may be displaceable by increases in synaptic concentrations of the endogenous ligand, NA, and possibly dopamine, suggesting the possibility that [11C]yohimbine may be used as a surrogate marker of NA release in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Landau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, Building 10G, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Goekoop JG, de Winter RFP, Wolterbeek R, Van Kempen GMJ, Wiegant VM. Increased plasma norepinephrine concentration in psychotic depression. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2012; 2:51-63. [PMID: 23983957 PMCID: PMC3736933 DOI: 10.1177/2045125312436574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously found psychotic depression (PSDEP) to have positively correlating plasma norepinephrine (NE) and vasopressin (AVP) concentrations. Since central noradrenergic activity and plasma NE concentration are highly correlated, this suggests an increased noradrenergic activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. We hypothesize the increased release of NE in PSDEP to be an associated mechanism. METHODS To test this hypothesis we analyzed the relation between plasma NE and PSDEP in a comparison with non-psychotically depressed patients. Potentially confounding variables were, among others, melancholia and two better validated subcategories in the field of melancholia and endogenous depression, three global dimensions of psychopathology - Emotional Dysregulation, Retardation and Anxiety - smoking habit, and different types of psychotropic and particularly antidepressant treatment. The data from nine patients with PSDEP and 69 patients with non-PSDEP were reanalysed. RESULTS Analysis of covariance controlling for the effects of tricyclic antidepressant treatment (≥100 mg) and smoking habit showed that PSDEP had an increased concentration of plasma NE. The previously found correlation between plasma NE and AVP was still present after correcting for the effects of confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest an increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system in PSDEP that may act as a specific mechanism for increased vasopressinergic activation. This supports the view of PSDEP as a distinct subcategory of major depression.
Collapse
|
22
|
Sanders JD, Happe HK, Bylund DB, Murrin LC. Changes in postnatal norepinephrine alter alpha-2 adrenergic receptor development. Neuroscience 2011; 192:761-72. [PMID: 21742019 PMCID: PMC3166411 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (A2AR) regulate multiple brain functions and are enriched in developing brain. Studies demonstrate norepinephrine (NE) plays a role in regulating brain maturation, suggesting it is important in A2AR development. To investigate this we employed models of NE absence and excess during brain development. For decreases in NE we used N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine hydrochloride (DSP4), a specific noradrenergic neurotoxin. Increased noradrenergic terminal density was produced by methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) treatment. A2AR density was assayed with [(3)H]RX821002 autoradiography. DSP4 lesions on postnatal day (PND) 3 produce A2AR decreases in many regions by PND 5. A2AR recover to control levels by PND 15 and 25 and there is no further change in total receptor density. We also assayed A2AR in brains lesioned with DSP4 on PND 13, 23, 33 and 43 and harvested 22 days post-lesion. A2AR levels remain similar to control at each of these time points. We examined A2AR functionality and high affinity state with epinephrine-stimulated [(35)S]GTPγS and [(125)I]p-iodoclonidine autoradiography, respectively. On PND 25, control animals and animals lesioned with DSP4 on PND 3 have similar levels of [(35)S]GTPγS incorporation and no change in high affinity state. This is in contrast to increases in A2AR high affinity state produced by DSP4 lesions of mature brain. We next investigated A2AR response to increases in norepinephrine levels produced by MAM. In contrast to DSP4 lesions, increasing NE results in a large increase in A2AR. Animals treated with MAM on gestational day 14 had cortical [(3)H]RX821002 binding 100-200% greater than controls on PND 25, 35, 45, 55 and 65. These data indicate that NE regulation of A2AR differs in developing and mature brain and support the idea that NE regulates A2AR development and this has long term effects on A2AR function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff D. Sanders
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 985800 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800
| | - H. Kevin Happe
- Department of Psychiatry, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68131
| | - David B. Bylund
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 985800 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800
| | - L. Charles Murrin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 985800 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800
- Department of Neurological Sciences, 982045 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-2045
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hinojosa AE, García-Bueno B, Leza JC, Madrigal JLM. Regulation of CCL2/MCP-1 production in astrocytes by desipramine and atomoxetine: involvement of α2 adrenergic receptors. Brain Res Bull 2011; 86:326-33. [PMID: 21963947 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Having previously observed that noradrenaline activation of β adrenergic receptors induces the synthesis of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein (CCL2/MCP-1) in astrocytes, it is our interest to analyze the mechanisms involved in this process, particularly the possible effect of noradrenaline-modulating drugs. The treatment of primary rat astrocyte cultures with the noradrenaline transporter inhibitors desipramine or atomoxetine induced the expression and synthesis of CCL2/MCP-1 in these cells. This effect of both drugs in vitro suggests that CCL2/MCP-1 expression could also be modulated by some mechanism independent of the elevation of brain noradrenaline levels. This was confirmed by measuring a reduction in CCL2/MCP-1 production by the treatment with the α2 adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine. Accordingly, the blockade of α2 adrenergic receptors with yohimbine potentiated the production of MCP-1 stimulated by the activation of β receptors. While the activation of β adrenergic receptors and the subsequent elevation of cAMP levels seem to be the main pathway for noradrenaline to induce CCL2/MCP-1 in astrocytes, our data indicate that the α2 adrenergic receptors also regulate CCL2/MCP-1 expression working as inhibitory mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ara E Hinojosa
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wakabayashi C, Kiyama Y, Kunugi H, Manabe T, Iwakura Y. Age-dependent regulation of depression-like behaviors through modulation of adrenergic receptor α1A subtype expression revealed by the analysis of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist knockout mice. Neuroscience 2011; 192:475-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
25
|
Cottingham C, Chen Y, Jiao K, Wang Q. The antidepressant desipramine is an arrestin-biased ligand at the α(2A)-adrenergic receptor driving receptor down-regulation in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:36063-36075. [PMID: 21859713 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.261578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurobiological mechanisms of action underlying antidepressant drugs remain poorly understood. Desipramine (DMI) is an antidepressant classically characterized as an inhibitor of norepinephrine reuptake. Available evidence, however, suggests a mechanism more complex than simple reuptake inhibition. In the present study, we have characterized the direct interaction between DMI and the α(2A)-adrenergic receptor (α(2A)AR), a key regulator of noradrenergic neurotransmission with altered expression and function in depression. DMI alone was found to be sufficient to drive receptor internalization acutely and a robust down-regulation of α(2A)AR expression and signaling following prolonged stimulation in vitro. These effects are achieved through arrestin-biased regulation of the receptor, as DMI selectively induces recruitment of arrestin but not activation of heterotrimeric G proteins. Meanwhile, a physiologically relevant concentration of endogenous agonist (norepinephrine) was unable to sustain a down-regulation response. Prolonged in vivo administration of DMI resulted in significant down-regulation of synaptic α(2A)AR expression, a response that was lost in arrestin3-null animals. We contend that direct DMI-driven arrestin-mediated α(2A)AR down-regulation accounts for the therapeutically desirable but mechanistically unexplained adaptive alterations in receptor expression associated with this antidepressant. Our results provide novel insight into both the pharmacology of this antidepressant drug and the targeting of the α(2A)AR in depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Cottingham
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Yunjia Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cottingham C, Chen H, Chen Y, Peng Y, Wang Q. Genetic variations of α(2)-adrenergic receptors illuminate the diversity of receptor functions. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2011; 67:161-90. [PMID: 21771490 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-384921-2.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
27
|
Nojimoto FD, Mueller A, Hebeler-Barbosa F, Akinaga J, Lima V, Kiguti LRDA, Pupo AS. The tricyclic antidepressants amitriptyline, nortriptyline and imipramine are weak antagonists of human and rat alpha1B-adrenoceptors. Neuropharmacology 2010; 59:49-57. [PMID: 20363235 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although it is long known that the tricyclic antidepressants amitriptyline, nortriptyline and imipramine inhibit the noradrenaline transporter and alpha(1)-adrenoceptors with similar affinities, which may lead to self-cancelling actions, the selectivity of these drugs for alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtypes is unknown. The present study investigates the selectivity of amitriptyline, nortriptyline and imipramine for human recombinant and rat native alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtypes. The selectivity of amitriptyline, nortriptyline and imipramine was investigated in HEK-293 cells expressing each of the human alpha(1)-subtypes and in rat native receptors from the vas deferens (alpha(1A)), spleen (alpha(1B)) and aorta (alpha(1D)) through [(3)H]prazosin binding, and noradrenaline-induced intracellular Ca(2+) increases and contraction assays. Amitriptyline, nortriptyline and imipramine showed considerably higher affinities for alpha(1A)- (approximately 25- to 80-fold) and alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors (approximately 10- to 25-fold) than for alpha(1B)-adrenoceptors in both contraction and [(3)H]prazosin binding assays with rat native and human receptors, respectively. In addition, amitriptyline, nortriptyline and imipramine were substantially more potent in the inhibition of noradrenaline-induced intracellular Ca(2+) increases in HEK-293 cells expressing alpha(1A)- or a truncated version of alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors which traffics more efficiently towards the cell membrane than in cells expressing alpha(1B)-adrenoceptors. Amitriptyline, nortriptyline and imipramine are much weaker antagonists of rat and human alpha(1B)-adrenoceptors than of alpha(1A)- and alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors. The differential affinities for these receptors indicate that the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtype which activation is most increased by the augmented noradrenaline availability resultant from the blockade of neuronal reuptake is the alpha(1B)-adrenoceptor. This may be important for the behavioural effects of these drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F D Nojimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
DMI-induced sexual effects in male rats: Analysis of DMI's acute and chronic actions on copulatory behavior and on the genital motor pattern of ejaculation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2010; 94:423-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
29
|
Doze VA, Handel EM, Jensen KA, Darsie B, Luger EJ, Haselton JR, Talbot JN, Rorabaugh BR. alpha(1A)- and alpha(1B)-adrenergic receptors differentially modulate antidepressant-like behavior in the mouse. Brain Res 2009; 1285:148-57. [PMID: 19540213 PMCID: PMC2720445 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) drugs are used for the treatment of chronic depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and anxiety-related disorders. Chronic use of TCA drugs increases the expression of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors (alpha(1)-ARs). Yet, it is unclear whether increased alpha(1)-AR expression contributes to the antidepressant effects of these drugs or if this effect is unrelated to their therapeutic benefit. In this study, mice expressing constitutively active mutant alpha(1A)-ARs (CAM alpha(1A)-AR) or CAM alpha(1B)-ARs were used to examine the effects of alpha(1A)- and alpha(1B)-AR signaling on rodent behavioral models of depression, OCD, and anxiety. CAM alpha(1A)-AR mice, but not CAM alpha(1B)-AR mice, exhibited antidepressant-like behavior in the tail suspension test and forced swim test. This behavior was reversed by prazosin, a selective alpha(1)-AR inverse agonist, and mimicked by chronically treating wild type mice with cirazoline, an alpha(1A)-AR agonist. Marble burying behavior, commonly used to model OCD in rodents, was significantly decreased in CAM alpha(1A)-AR mice but not in CAM alpha(1B)-AR mice. In contrast, no significant differences in anxiety-related behavior were observed between wild type, CAM alpha(1A)-AR, and CAM alpha(1B)-AR animals in the elevated plus maze and light/dark box. This is the first study to demonstrate that alpha(1A)- and alpha(1B)-ARs differentially modulate antidepressant-like behavior in the mouse. These data suggest that alpha(1A)-ARs may be a useful therapeutic target for the treatment of depression.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/physiopathology
- Catecholamines/metabolism
- Depressive Disorder/drug therapy
- Depressive Disorder/metabolism
- Depressive Disorder/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Male
- Maze Learning/drug effects
- Maze Learning/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Neuropsychological Tests
- Prazosin/pharmacology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/complications
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van A Doze
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fontenele JB, Félix FHC. Fibromyalgia and Related Medically Unexplained Symptoms: A Lost Link Between Cardiovascular and Nociception Modulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10582450802679904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
31
|
Postsynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptors are critical for the antidepressant-like effects of desipramine on behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009; 34:1067-77. [PMID: 18923403 PMCID: PMC2727683 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2008.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The antidepressant desipramine inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine (NE), leading to activation of both pre- and postsynaptic adrenergic receptors, including alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2 subtypes. However, it is not clear which adrenergic receptors are involved in mediating its antidepressant effects. Treatment of mice with desipramine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) produced an antidepressant-like effect, as evidenced by decreased immobility in the forced-swim test; this was antagonized by pretreatment with the alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist idazoxan (0.1-2.5 mg/kg, i.p.). Similarly, idazoxan, administered peripherally (0.5-2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) or centrally (1-10 microg, i.c.v.), antagonized the antidepressant-like effect of desipramine in rats responding under a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) 72-s schedule, ie, decreased response rate and increased reinforcement rate. By contrast, pretreatment with the beta-adrenergic antagonists propranolol and CGP-12177 or the alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist prazosin did not alter the antidepressant-like effect of desipramine on DRL behavior. The lack of involvement of beta-adrenergic receptors in mediating the behavioral effects of desipramine was confirmed using knockout lines. In the forced-swim test, the desipramine-induced decrease in immobility was not altered in mice deficient in beta-1, beta-2, or both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. In addition, desipramine (3-30 mg/kg) produced an antidepressant-like effect on behavior under a DRL 36-s schedule in mice deficient in both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. As antagonism of presynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptors facilitates NE release, which potentiates the effects of desipramine, the present results suggest that postsynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptors play an important role in its antidepressant effects.
Collapse
|
32
|
Lu T, Huang CC, Lu YC, Lin KL, Liu SI, Wang BW, Chang PM, Chen IS, Chen SS, Tsai JY, Chou CT, Jan CR. Desipramine-induced Ca-independent apoptosis in Mg63 human osteosarcoma cells: dependence on P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-regulated activation of caspase 3. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 36:297-303. [PMID: 18986328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1. It has been shown that the antidepressant desipramine is able to induce increases in [Ca(2+)](i) and cell death in MG63 human osteosacroma cells, but whether apoptosis is involved is unclear. In the present study, the effect of desipramine on apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms were explored. It was demonstrated that desipramine induced cell death in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. 2. Cells treated with 100-800 mmol/L desipramine showed typical apoptotic features, including an increase in sub-diploid nuclei and activation of caspase 3, indicating that these cells underwent apoptosis. Immunoblotting revealed that 100 mmol/L desipramine activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Although pretreatment of cells with 20 mmol/L PD98059 (an ERK inhibitor) or 20 mmol/L SP600125 (an inhibitor of JNK) did not inhibit cell death, the addition of 20 mmol/L SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) partially rescued cells from apoptosis. Desipramine-induced caspase 3 activation required p38 MAPK activation. 3. Pretreatment of cells with BAPTA/AM (20 mmol/L) to prevent desipramine-induced increases in [Ca(2+)](i) did not protect cells from death. 4. The results of the present study suggest that, in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells, desipramine causes Ca(2+)-independent apoptosis by inducing p38 MAPK-associated activation of caspase 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ti Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Penzner JH, Thompson DL, Arth C, Fowler JK, Ary AW, Szumlinski KK. Protracted 'anti-addictive' effects of adolescent phenylpropanolamine exposure in C57BL/6J mice. Addict Biol 2008; 13:310-25. [PMID: 18331369 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2008.00101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to the once highly prevalent over-the-counter (OTC) sympathomimetic phenylpropanolamine (PPA; +/--norephedrine) during pre-adolescence alters the developmental trajectory of catecholamine and amino acid neurotransmitter systems in the nucleus accumbens (NAC) that culminate in a 'pro-addictive' phenotype in adulthood. Thus, the present study sought to extend these earlier data by examining the long-term consequences of repeated PPA treatment during adolescence upon the behavioral and neurochemical responses to cocaine. For this, C57BL/6J mice were pre-treated with PPA (0-40 mg/kg) during postnatal days 35-44, and the capacity of cocaine (4 x 15 mg/kg) to elicit a conditioned place-preference, as well as behavioral and neurochemical sensitization within the NAC, were then assessed in adulthood. While adolescent PPA exposure did not influence spontaneous locomotor activity or the motor responses to either acute or repeated cocaine (4 x 15 mg/kg), PPA pre-exposure dose-dependently reduced the expression of a conditioned place-preference. As observed previously for juvenile PPA treatment, adolescent PPA administration blunted the dopamine and norepinephrine response to acute cocaine, prevented the development of catecholamine sensitization but did not influence cocaine-induced elevations in serotonin. However, unlike juvenile PPA treatment, adolescent PPA also prevented the development of glutamate sensitization within the NAC. These data provide evidence that adolescent exposure to a formerly prevalent OTC sympathomimetic produces protracted effects upon cocaine-induced changes in NAC glutamate transmission that may reduce vulnerability to cocaine addiction in later life and further the hypothesis that early exposure to sympathomimetic drugs may be an environmental factor contributing to the etiology of addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery H Penzner
- Behavioral and Neural Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chang HC, Huang CC, Huang CJ, Cheng JS, Liu SI, Tsai JY, Chang HT, Huang JK, Chou CT, Jan CR. Desipramine-induced apoptosis in human PC3 prostate cancer cells: Activation of JNK kinase and caspase-3 pathways and a protective role of [Ca2+]i elevation. Toxicology 2008; 250:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
35
|
de Mooij-van Malsen A(J, Olivier B, Kas MJ. Behavioural genetics in mood and anxiety: A next step in finding novel pharmacological targets. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 585:436-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Revised: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
36
|
Zanella S, Mebarek S, Lajard AM, Picard N, Dutschmann M, Hilaire G. Oral treatment with desipramine improves breathing and life span in Rett syndrome mouse model. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2008; 160:116-21. [PMID: 17905670 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disease due to Mecp2 gene mutations that is associated to complex neurological symptoms, with bioaminergic deficits and life-threatening apneas related to sudden and unexpected death. In male mice, Mecp2-deficiency similarly induces medullary bioaminergic deficits, severe apneas and short life span. Here, we show that long-term oral treatment of Mecp2-deficient male mice with desipramine, an old drug of clinical use known to block norepinephrine uptake and to strengthen its synaptic effects, significantly alleviates their breathing symptoms and prolongs their life span. Although these mouse results identify desipramine as the first oral pharmacological treatment potentially able to alleviate breathing symptoms of Rett syndrome, we recommend further studies of desipramine effects in Mecp2-deficient mice before attempting any clinical trials in Rett patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Zanella
- MP3-Respiration, UMR CNRS 6153, 280 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Giaroni C, Canciani L, Zanetti E, Giuliani D, Pisani R, Oldrini R, Moro E, Trinchera M, Crema F, Lecchini S, Frigo G. Effects of chronic desipramine treatment on α2-adrenoceptors and μ-opioid receptors in the guinea pig cortex and hippocampus. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 579:116-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Revised: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
38
|
Bylund DB, Reed AL. Childhood and adolescent depression: why do children and adults respond differently to antidepressant drugs? Neurochem Int 2007; 51:246-53. [PMID: 17664028 PMCID: PMC2694752 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2007.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Childhood and adolescent depression is an increasingly problematic diagnosis for young people due to a lack of effective treatments for this age group. The symptoms of adult depression can be treated effectively with multiple classes of antidepressant drugs which have been developed over the years using animal and human studies. But many of the antidepressants used to treat adult depression cannot be used for pediatric depression because of a lack of efficacy and/or side effects. The reason that children and adolescents respond differently to antidepressant treatment than adults is poorly understood. In order to better understand the etiology of pediatric depression and treatments that are effective for this age group, the differences between adults, children and adolescents needed to be elucidated. Much of the understanding of adult depression has come from studies using adult animals, therefore studies using juvenile animals would likely help us to better understand childhood and adolescent depression. Recent studies have shown both neurochemical and behavioral differences between adult and juvenile animals after antidepressant treatment. Juvenile animals have differences compared to adult animals in the maturation of the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems, and in dose of antidepressant drug needed to achieve similar brain levels. Differences after administration of antidepressant drug have also been reported for adrenergic receptor regulation, a physiologic hypothermic response, as well as behavioral differences in two animal models of depression. The differences between adults and juveniles not only in the human response to antidepressants but also with animals studies warrant a specific distinction between the study of pediatric and adult depression and the manner in which new treatments are pursued.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David B Bylund
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Huang CJ, Cheng HH, Chou CT, Kuo CC, Lu YC, Tseng LL, Chu ST, Hsu SS, Wang JL, Lin KL, Chen IS, Liu SI, Jan CR. Desipramine-induced Ca2+ movement and cytotoxicity in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:449-56. [PMID: 17267168 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Revised: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the antidepressant desipramine on intracellular Ca(2+) movement and viability in prostate cancer cells has not been explored previously. The present study examined whether desipramine could alter Ca(2+) handling and viability in human prostate PC3 cancer cells. Cytosolic free Ca(2+) levels ([Ca(2+)](i)) in populations of cells were measured using fura-2 as a probe. Desipramine at concentrations above 10 microM increased [Ca(2+)](i) in a concentration-dependent manner. The responses saturated at 300 microM desipramine. The Ca(2+) signal was reduced by half by removing extracellular Ca(2+), but was unaffected by nifedipine, nicardipine, nimodipine, diltiazem or verapamil. In Ca(2+)-free medium, after treatment with 300 microM desipramine, 1 microM thapsigargin (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump inhibitor) failed to release Ca(2+) from endoplasmic reticulum. Conversely, desipramine failed to release more Ca(2+) after thapsigargin treatment. Inhibition of phospholipase C with U73122 did not affect desipramine-induced Ca(2+) release. Overnight incubation with 10-800 microM desipramine decreased viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Chelation of cytosolic Ca(2+) with BAPTA did not reverse the decreased cell viability. Collectively, the data suggest that in PC3 cells, desipramine induced a [Ca(2+)](i) increase by causing Ca(2+) release from endoplasmic reticulum in a phospholipase C-independent fashion and by inducing Ca(2+) influx. Desipramine decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent, Ca(2+)-independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Deupree JD, Reed AL, Bylund DB. Differential Effects of the Tricyclic Antidepressant Desipramine on the Density of Adrenergic Receptors in Juvenile and Adult Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 321:770-6. [PMID: 17293562 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.118935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the tricyclic antidepressants, such as desipramine (DMI), are among the most efficacious treatments for adult depression, they are not effective in treating childhood and adolescent depression. Because the adrenergic nervous system is not fully developed until late adolescence, we hypothesized that the mechanisms regulating receptor density may not yet be mature in young mammals. To test this hypothesis, the effects of DMI treatment on cortical alpha-1-, alpha-2-, and beta-adrenergic receptors were compared in juvenile and adult rats. DMI was delivered either by 4 days of twice daily injections to postnatal day 9 to 13 (4 and 7 mg/kg/day) and adult (20 mg/kg/day) rats, or by 2 weeks of continual drug infusion (osmotic minipumps) to postnatal day 21-35 (15 mg/kg/day) and adult (10 mg/kg/day) rats. These delivery paradigms gave juvenile brain concentrations of DMI similar to those in adult rats. The beta-adrenergic receptor was down-regulated with both treatment paradigms in both juvenile and adult rats. By contrast, in the postnatal day 9 to 13 rats, there was a dose-dependent up-regulation of the alpha-1 in the cortex and alpha-2-adrenergic receptor in the prefrontal cortex, whereas there was no change in density in adult rats. These differences in the alpha-adrenergic receptor regulation after DMI treatment suggest that the lack of efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants in treating childhood depression may be related to immature regulatory mechanisms for these receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean D Deupree
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Murrin LC, Sanders JD, Bylund DB. Comparison of the maturation of the adrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems in the brain: implications for differential drug effects on juveniles and adults. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 73:1225-36. [PMID: 17316571 PMCID: PMC1894950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2006] [Revised: 01/13/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the development of neurotransmitter systems in the central nervous system has increased greatly over the past three decades and it has become apparent that drug effects on the developing nervous system may differ considerably from effects on the mature nervous system. Recently it has become clear there are significant differences in the effectiveness of antidepressant drug classes in children and adolescents compared to adults. Whereas the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are effective in treating all ages from children to adults, the tricyclic antidepressants, many of which inhibit norepinephrine reuptake, have been shown to be ineffective in treating children and adolescents even though they are effective in adults. We review here the development of the noradrenergic and serotonergic nervous systems, both in terms of neurotransmitter system markers and function. Both of these neurotransmitter systems are primary targets of antidepressant medications as well as of central nervous system stimulants. It is clear from a comparison of their development that the serotonin system reaches maturity much earlier than the norepinephrine system. We suggest this may help explain the differences in response to antidepressants in children and adolescents compared to adults. In addition, these differences suggest that drugs acting preferentially on either neurotransmitter system may impact the normal course of CNS development at different time points. Consideration of such differences in the development of neurotransmitter systems may be of significance in optimizing treatments for a variety of centrally mediated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Charles Murrin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985800 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
McNamara RK, Ostrander M, Abplanalp W, Richtand NM, Benoit SC, Clegg DJ. Modulation of phosphoinositide-protein kinase C signal transduction by omega-3 fatty acids: implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of recurrent neuropsychiatric illness. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2006; 75:237-57. [PMID: 16935483 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2006.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide (PI)-protein kinase C (PKC) signal transduction pathway is initiated by pre- and postsynaptic Galphaq-coupled receptors, and regulates several clinically relevant neurochemical events, including neurotransmitter release efficacy, monoamine receptor function and trafficking, monoamine transporter function and trafficking, axonal myelination, and gene expression. Mounting evidence for PI-PKC signaling hyperactivity in the peripheral (platelets) and central (premortem and postmortem brain) tissues of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, coupled with evidence that PI-PKC signal transduction is down-regulated in rat brain following chronic, but not acute, treatment with antipsychotic, mood-stabilizer, and antidepressant medications, suggest that PI-PKC hyperactivity is central to an underlying pathophysiology. Evidence that membrane omega-3 fatty acids act as endogenous antagonists of the PI-PKC signal transduction pathway, coupled with evidence that omega-3 fatty acid deficiency is observed in peripheral and central tissues of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, support the hypothesis that omega-3 fatty acid deficiency may contribute to elevated PI-PKC activity in these illnesses. The data reviewed in this paper outline a potential molecular mechanism by which omega-3 fatty acids could contribute to the pathophysiology and treatment of recurrent neuropsychiatric illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0559, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yalcin I, Aksu F, Belzung C. Effects of desipramine and tramadol in a chronic mild stress model in mice are altered by yohimbine but not by pindolol. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 514:165-74. [PMID: 15910803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Revised: 02/17/2005] [Accepted: 03/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the antidepressant-like effects of a chronic treatment with either tramadol (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or desipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in the unpredictable chronic mild stress model of depression in BALB/c mice. Mice were first submitted to a 2 week drug-free unpredictable chronic mild stress before the onset of the treatments. The unpredictable chronic mild stress regimen induced a degradation of the state of the coat and decreased the grooming behaviour in the splash test. These physical and behavioural abnormalities were counteracted by tramadol and desipramine. Furthermore, we observed neither a significant acceleration nor diminution by pindolol (5-HT1A/1B receptor antagonist, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) on the antidepressant-like actions of desipramine and tramadol whereas yohimbine (alpha2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, 2 mg/kg, i.p.) antagonized the antidepressant-like effects of both drugs during the unpredictable chronic mild stress regimen. The results of the study support the suggestion that antidepressant-like effect of tramadol and desipramine in mice in the unpredictable chronic mild stress model is mediated by the noradrenergic system rather than the serotonergic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Yalcin
- EA 3248 Psychobiologie des émotions, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université François Rabelais, Parc Grandmont F-37200 Tours, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Faron-Górecka A, Kuśmider M, Inan SY, Siwanowicz J, Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M. Effects of tramadol on α2-adrenergic receptors in the rat brain. Brain Res 2004; 1016:263-7. [PMID: 15246863 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, it has been postulated that tramadol, used mainly for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, might display a potential as an antidepressant drug. The present study investigated the effects of acute and repeated tramadol administration on the binding of [3H]RX 821002, a selective alpha2-adrenergic receptor ligand, in the rat brain. Male Wistar rats were used. Tramadol (20 mg/kg, i.p.) administered acutely (single dose), at 24 h after dosing, induced a significant decrease in the alpha2-adrenergic receptors in all brain regions studied. The most pronounced effects were observed in all subregions of the olfactory system, nucleus accumbens and septum, thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and cerebral cortex. Repeated treatment with tramadol (20 mg/kg, i.p., once daily for 21 days) also induced statistically significant downregulation of [3H]RX 821002 binding sites in the rat brain. However, the effect--although statistically significant--was less pronounced than in the group treated acutely with the drug. Since drugs such as mianserin and mirtazapine are potent antagonists of central alpha2-adrenergic receptors and are effective antidepressants, it is tempting to suggest that, in addition to other alterations induced by tramadol, downregulation of these receptors may represent a potential antidepressant efficacy. On the other hand, one should be careful to avoid the treatment of chronic pain with tramadol in patients already receiving antidepressant drugs. Tramadol-induced downregulation of alpha2-adrenergic receptors--when combined with ongoing antidepressant therapy with drugs, which themselves inhibit serotonin reuptake or are antagonists of alpha2-adrenergic receptors--might cause threatening complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Faron-Górecka
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, Cracow PL-31-343, Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|