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Bolze PA, Lopez J, Allias F, Hajri T, Patrier S, Devouassoux-Shisheboran M, Massardier J, You B, Golfier F, Mallet F. Transcriptomic and immunohistochemical approaches identify HLA-G as a predictive biomarker of gestational choriocarcinoma resistance to monochemotherapy. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 158:785-793. [PMID: 32513563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using a transcriptional approach on tissue samples, we sought to identify predictive biomarkers of post molar malignant transformation, and of choriocarcinoma chemosensitivity to mono- (methotrexate or actinomycin D) or polychemotherapy [EMA(Etoposide, Methotrexate, Actinomycin D)-CO(Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine) and EMA-EP(Etoposide, Cisplatine)] regimens. METHODS We studied the expression of a 760-gene panel (PanCancer Pathway) related to oncogenesis and immune tolerance in tissue samples of complete hydatidiform moles and gestational choriocarcinoma. RESULTS We did not identify any differentially expressed gene between moles with post molar malignant transformation in choriocarcinoma (n = 14) and moles with remission (n = 20). In monochemoresistant choriocarcinoma (n = 34), four genes (HLA-G, COL27A1, IL1R2 and GLI3) had a significantly reduced expression and one (THEM4) had an increased expression [FDR (false discovery rate) adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05] when compared to monochemosensitive choriocarcinoma (n = 9). The proportion of trophoblast cells and the intensity of immunohistochemical HLA-G expression were reduced in monochemoresistant choriocarcinoma (p < 0.05). In polychemoresistant choriocarcinoma (n = 20) we did not identify differentially expressed genes with an FDR adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05 when compared to polychemosensitive choriocarcinoma (n = 15). Gene pathway analysis revealed a predicted activation of IFN ᵞ in monochemoresistant choriocarcinoma and inhibited IL2 and TNF in polychemoresistant choriocarcinoma. The main biological functions predicted to be altered in chemoresistant choriocarcinoma were related to immunological homeostasis and leukopoiesis. CONCLUSION HLA-G is a strong candidate gene to predict choriocarcinoma resistance to monochemotherapy and that further studies are required to implement its routine quantification in the decision process for the management of gestational choriocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Adrien Bolze
- University of Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital Lyon Sud, Department of Gynecological Surgery and Oncology, Obstetrics, 165 chemin du grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; French Center for Trophoblastic Diseases, University Hospital Lyon Sud, 165 chemin du grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; Joint Research Unit Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, 165 chemin du grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; Medical Diagnostic Discovery Department (MD3), bioMérieux S.A., Marcy l'Etoile, France; Joint Research Unit Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, EA 7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, PI3, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France.
| | - Jonathan Lopez
- University of Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital Lyon Sud, Plateforme de Recherche de Transfert en Oncologie, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 165 chemin du grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France; Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Allias
- French Center for Trophoblastic Diseases, University Hospital Lyon Sud, 165 chemin du grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; University of Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital Lyon Sud, Department of Pathology, 165 chemin du grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Touria Hajri
- French Center for Trophoblastic Diseases, University Hospital Lyon Sud, 165 chemin du grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Sophie Patrier
- French Center for Trophoblastic Diseases, University Hospital Lyon Sud, 165 chemin du grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Rouen, F-76031 Rouen Cedex, France
| | - Mojgan Devouassoux-Shisheboran
- French Center for Trophoblastic Diseases, University Hospital Lyon Sud, 165 chemin du grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; University of Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital Lyon Sud, Department of Pathology, 165 chemin du grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Jérôme Massardier
- French Center for Trophoblastic Diseases, University Hospital Lyon Sud, 165 chemin du grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; University of Lyon 1, University Hospital Femme Mere Enfant, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 51, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Benoit You
- French Center for Trophoblastic Diseases, University Hospital Lyon Sud, 165 chemin du grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; University of Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital Lyon Sud, Medical Oncology Department, Investigational Center for Treatments in Oncology and Hematology of Lyon (CITOHL), 165 chemin du grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - François Golfier
- University of Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital Lyon Sud, Department of Gynecological Surgery and Oncology, Obstetrics, 165 chemin du grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; French Center for Trophoblastic Diseases, University Hospital Lyon Sud, 165 chemin du grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - François Mallet
- Joint Research Unit Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, 165 chemin du grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France; Medical Diagnostic Discovery Department (MD3), bioMérieux S.A., Marcy l'Etoile, France; Joint Research Unit Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, EA 7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, PI3, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
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Mosaferi E, Alizadeh Gharamaleki N, Farzadi L, Majidi J, Babaloo Z, Kazemi T, Ramezani M, Tabatabaei M, Ahmadi H, Aghebati Maleki L, Baradaran B. The Study of HLA-G Gene and Protein Expression in Patients with Recurrent Miscarriage. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:70-75. [PMID: 31011560 PMCID: PMC6468217 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Although it has been frequently confirmed that HLA-G plays an important role in the
reproduction and pregnancy, the pattern of HLA-G gene and its protein expression are rarely
addressed in studies. Therefore we conducted this study in regard to evaluate the HLA-G gene
and its protein expression in the women’s placenta with recurrent miscarriage.
Methods: Placental samples were obtained from the women who were admitted for delivery
or abortion in Al Zahra and Taleghani hospitals, Tabriz, Iran. HLA-G gene expression was
determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and HLA-G protein expression was
assessed by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining in the tissue samples.
Results: The results showed a significant decrease in the expression of gene and proteins of
HLA-G in the women with recurrent miscarriage compared to the control placental tissues.
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it was concluded that the decrement of HLA-G
gene and protein expressions are associated with recurrent miscarriage. Since there are
conflicting results from other studies, it is suggested to conduct a more comprehensive similar
study with greater sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Mosaferi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Laya Farzadi
- Women Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Majidi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Babaloo
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Ramezani
- Department of Biochemistry, school of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil Iran
| | - Meraj Tabatabaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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3
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Abstract
One of the major immune checkpoints responsible for immune evasion in cancer cells is the interaction between programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1). As human trophoblastic cells display many of the features of malignant cells such as the ability to invade normal tissue including blood vessels and are apparently not eradicated by the host immune system, we undertook the present study to determine whether PD-L1 was upregulated in different types of trophoblastic cells during normal pregnancy and in gestational trophoblastic diseases. Immunohistochemistry using an anti-PD-L1-specific antibody demonstrated that in early and term normal placentas, PD-L1 was highly expressed in syncytiotrophoblast and to a much lower extent in intermediate trophoblastic cells located in the chorion laeve and implantation site. PD-L1 immunoreactivity was undetectable in cytotrophoblastic cells. This staining pattern in normal placenta was recapitulated in various types of gestational trophoblastic disease. PD-L1 was highly expressed by syncytiotrophoblast in complete moles and choriocarcinomas. The intermediate trophoblastic neoplasms, placental site trophoblastic tumors, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumors showed variable PD-L1 immunoreactivity but at a lower intensity than in the neoplastic syncytiotrophoblast in choriocarcinoma. In addition, we observed PD-1-positive lymphocytes located within the implantation site and in trophoblastic tumors. In summary, this study describes a novel mechanism for trophoblastic cells to create a tolerogenic feto-maternal interface by upregulating PD-L1 in syncytiotrophoblast and in intermediate trophoblast. Trophoblastic tumors may also use PD-L1 expression to evade the host immune response thereby promoting their survival.
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Fong CY, Chak LL, Biswas A, Tan JH, Gauthaman K, Chan WK, Bongso A. Human Wharton's jelly stem cells have unique transcriptome profiles compared to human embryonic stem cells and other mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2011; 7:1-16. [PMID: 20602182 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-010-9166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human umbilical cord that originates from the embryo is an extra-embryonic membrane and the Wharton's jelly within it is a rich source of stem cells (hWJSCs). It is not definitely known whether these cells behave as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) or both. They have the unique properties of high proliferation rates, wide multipotency, hypoimmunogenicity, do not induce teratomas and have anticancer properties. These advantages are important considerations for their use in cell based therapies and treatment of cancers. In a search for properties that confer these advantages we compared a detailed transcriptome profiling of hWJSCs using DNA microarrays with that of a panel of known hESCs, hMSCs and stromal cells. hWJSCs expressed low levels of the pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers including POUF1, NANOG, SOX2 and LIN28, thus explaining why they do not produce teratomas. Several cytokines were significantly upregulated in hWJSCs including IL12A which is associated with the induction of apoptosis, thus explaining their anticancer properties. When GO Biological Process analysis was compared between the various stem cell types, hWJSCs showed an increased expression of genes associated with the immune system, chemotaxis and cell death. The ability to modulate immune responses makes hWJSCs an important compatible stem cell source for transplantation therapy in allogeneic settings without immunorejection. The data in the present study which is the first detailed report on hWJSC transcriptomes provide a foundation for future functional studies where the exact mechanisms of these unique properties of hWJSCs can be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chui-Yee Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
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Kusanovic JP, Romero R, Jodicke C, Mazaki-Tovi S, Vaisbuch E, Erez O, Mittal P, Gotsch F, Chaiworapongsa T, Edwin SS, Pacora P, Hassan SS. Amniotic fluid soluble human leukocyte antigen-G in term and preterm parturition, and intra-amniotic infection/inflammation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009; 22:1151-66. [PMID: 19916713 PMCID: PMC3424396 DOI: 10.3109/14767050903019684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating soluble human leukocyte antigen-G (sHLA-G) has been associated with pregnancy complications, and determination of sHLA-G concentrations in amniotic fluid (AF) has been reported in normal pregnancies. Our aim was to determine if the AF concentrations of sHLA-G change with advancing gestation, spontaneous labor at term, and in patients with spontaneous preterm labor (PTL) with intact membranes, as well as in those with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM), in the presence or absence of intra-amniotic infection/inflammation (IAI). STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study included the following groups: (1) mid-trimester (n = 55); (2) normal pregnancy at term with (n = 50) and without (n = 50) labor; (3) spontaneous PTL with intact membranes divided into: (a) PTL who delivered at term (n = 153); (b) PTL who delivered preterm without IAI (n = 108); and (c) PTL with IAI (n = 84); and (4) preterm PROM with (n = 46) and without (n = 44) IAI. sHLA-G concentrations were determined by ELISA. Non-parametric statistics were used for analysis. RESULTS (1) Among patients with PTL, the median AF sHLA-G concentration was higher in patients with IAI than in those without IAI or women that delivered at term (p < 0.001 for both comparisons); (2) Similarly, patients with preterm PROM and IAI had higher median AF sHLA-G concentrations than those without IAI (p = 0.004); (3) Among patients with PTL and delivery, those with histologic chorioamnionitis and/or funisitis had a higher median AF sHLA-G concentration than those without histologic inflammation (p < 0.001); and (4) The median AF sHLA-G concentration did not change with advancing gestational age. CONCLUSIONS AF sHLA-G concentrations are elevated in preterm parturition associated to IAI as well as in histologic chorioamnionitis. We propose that sHLA-G may participate in the regulation of the host immune response against intra-amniotic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Cristiano Jodicke
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sam S. Edwin
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Percy Pacora
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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6
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Hussein MR, Abd-Elwahed AR, Abodeif ES, Abdulwahed SR. Decidual Immune Cell Infiltrate in Hydatidiform Mole. Cancer Invest 2009; 27:60-6. [DOI: 10.1080/07357900802161054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Zidi I, Bartegi A. [Importance of HLA-G in therapy of cancer]. Therapie 2008; 63:327-32. [PMID: 18937912 DOI: 10.2515/therapie:2008049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
HLA-G (Human Leucocyte Antigen-G) is a non-classical HLA class I molecule observed for the first time in human cytotrophoblast. Numbers of investigations have demonstrated that HLA-G was broader than originally thought. In fact, it is expressed in pathological contexts as well as in physiological contexts. This expression of HLA-G and its receptors in immunity cells confer to it a major role in immune responses. Good issues were described in organ transplantation when HLA-G was expressed. But, HLA-G transcripts and/or proteins expression in tumor tissues was associated with tumor genesis and cancer progression. A focus on the expression and the role of HLA-G in tumor context will be developed in this review. In addition, regulation of HLA-G will be treated to improve strategies of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Zidi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, Monastir, Tunisia.
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8
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La Rocca G, Anzalone R, Corrao S, Magno F, Loria T, Lo Iacono M, Di Stefano A, Giannuzzi P, Marasà L, Cappello F, Zummo G, Farina F. Isolation and characterization of Oct-4+/HLA-G+ mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord matrix: differentiation potential and detection of new markers. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 131:267-82. [PMID: 18836737 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of multipotent cells in several adult and embryo-related tissues opened new paths for their use in regenerative medicine. Extraembryonic tissues such as umbilical cord are considered a promising source of stem cells, potentially useful in therapy. The characterization of cells from the umbilical cord matrix (Wharton's Jelly) and amniotic membrane revealed the presence of a population of mesenchymal-like cells, sharing a set of core-markers expressed by "mesenchymal stem cells". Several reports enlightened the differentiation capabilities of these cells, even if at times the lack of an extensive characterization of surface markers and immune co-stimulators expression revealed hidden pitfalls when in vivo transplantation was performed. The present work describes a novel isolation protocol for obtaining mesenchymal stem cells from the umbilical cord matrix. These cells are clonogenic, retain long telomeres, can undergo several population doublings in vitro, and can be differentiated in mature mesenchymal tissues as bone and adipose. We describe for the first time that these cells, besides expressing all of the core-markers for mesenchymal stem cells, feature also the expression, at both protein and mRNA level, of tolerogenic molecules and markers of all the three main lineages, potentially important for both their differentiative potential as well as immunological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero La Rocca
- Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
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Wang X, Fu S, Freedman RS, Liu J, Kavanagh JJ. Immunobiology of gestational trophoblastic diseases. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006; 16:1500-15. [PMID: 16884358 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) comprise a group of interrelated diseases characterized by development after gestation, widespread metastases, and high curability with chemotherapy. The good prognosis of GTDs is considered partly a result of the host immune response to paternal antigens expressed on trophoblastic cells. In this study, we review current understanding of the immunobiology of GTDs. First of all, we describe the microenvironment between trophoblastic cells and subpopulation of immune cells. Second, immunogenetics, immune microenvironment around abnormal trophoblast, and mechanism of GTDs escaping from maternal immune system surveillance were also discussed. Third, we propose the possible immunotherapy for persistent GTDs, particularly the vaccine designed on human chorionic gonadotrophin, which is generally accepted as a tumor marker for GTDs diagnosis. Due to the low incidence of GTDs and high response to chemotherapy, there have been few literatures about immunobiologic characteristics of GTDs compared with the other gynecologic malignancies, such as ovarian cancer, but the immunologic behavior of GTDs should be explored for further understanding of the etiology of these diseases and to help designing immunotherapeutic strategies for persistent GTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA
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10
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Martinetti M, Pacati I, Cuccia M, Badulli C, Pasi A, Salvaneschi L, Minola E, De Silvestri A, Iannone AM, Maccabruni A. Hierarchy of baby-linked immunogenetic risk factors in the vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2006; 19:369-78. [PMID: 16831303 DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mother-to-infant transmission of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) represents the major cause of pediatric HCV infection today. Immunogenetic influence has been poorly investigated and mainly confined to HLA-class II serological polymorphisms. Among 290 parities, 135 from Pavia and 155 from Bergamo, of HCV-RNA-infected Italian women, 21 babies (7.24%) were HCV-RNA positive at birth and steadily positive over 20 months of life. All the 21 infected babies and 44 randomly selected uninfected ones, born to HCV-RNA+ mothers but steadily negative for HCV-RNA during a follow-up of 2 years, and their mothers were investigated for HLA-G, -C, -DRB1, -DQA1 and -DQB1 genomic polymorphisms. Among the different covariates, HLA-Cw*07, -G*010401, -DRB1*0701, -DRB1*1401 and homozygosity for HLA-G 14bp deletion can be considered as risk factors for HCV vertical transmission. On the contrary, protection was conferred by the HLA-DQB1*06, -G*0105N, -Cw*0602, DRB1*1104 and -DRB1*1302 alleles. Our initial question was: has the immunogenetic profile any role in the protection of the fetus growing in an infected milieu and, if so, is it independent from the other non-immunogenetic parameters? The answer to both questions should be yes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martinetti
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Center, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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11
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Le Discorde M, Le Danff C, Moreau P, Rouas-Freiss N, Carosella ED. HLA-G*0105N Null Allele Encodes Functional HLA-G Isoforms1. Biol Reprod 2005; 73:280-8. [PMID: 15814900 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.037986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the nonclassical HLA class I antigen, HLA-G, is associated with immune tolerance in view of its role in maintaining the fetus in utero, allowing tumor escape, and favoring graft acceptance. Expressed on invasive trophoblast cells, HLA-G molecules bind inhibitory receptors on maternal T lymphocytes and NK cells, thereby blocking their cytolytic activities and protecting the fetus from maternal immune system attack. The HLA-G gene consists of 15 alleles, including a null allele, HLA-G*0105N. HLA-G*0105N presents a single base deletion, preventing translation of both membrane-bound (HLA-G1) and full-length soluble isoforms (HLA-G5) as well as of the spliced HLA-G4 isoform. The identification of healthy subjects homozygous for this HLA-G null allele suggests that the HLA-G*0105N allele may generate other HLA-G isoforms, such as membrane-bound HLA-G2 and -G3 and the soluble HLA-G6 and -G7 proteins, which may substitute for HLA-G1 and -G5, thus assuming the immune tolerogeneic function of HLA-G. To investigate this point, we cloned genomic HLA-G*0105N DNA and transfected it into an HLA-class I-positive human cell line. The results obtained indicated that HLA-G proteins were indeed present in HLA-G*0105N-transfected cells and were able to protect against NK cell lysis. These findings emphasize the role of the other HLA-G isoforms as immune tolerogeneic molecules that may also contribute to maternal tolerance of the semiallogenic fetus as well as tumor escape and other types of allogeneic tissue acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Le Discorde
- Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, CEA-DSV-DRM, Institut d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris 75010, France.
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12
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Coullin P. Des andro- et parthénogénotes humains (môles hydatiformes et tératomes ovariens) au cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 33:469-82. [PMID: 16005675 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2005.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a process that appeared in mammals. This phenomenon blocks the normal development of parthenogenic and androgenic conceptuses, that is to say benign ovarian teratomas and hydatidiform moles respectively. Pathological modifications of these conceptuses depend on whether the chromosomes come from the mother or father. These pathologies are associated with an accidental anomaly during gametogenesis and/or fertilizing. These reproductive anomalies are sporadic and some familial cases may exist suggesting a genetic control of such diseases. The human andro- and parthenogenetic conceptuses, but more frequently the moles, may be invasive (choriocarcinoma). An imbalance of the imprinting genes may initiate the deregulation of other genes, including oncogenes and anti-oncogenes, which can explain the cancerous modification. Immunological and environmental factors must be also considered (presence of the only paternal chromosomes in the choriocarcinoma). Numerous works on this subject are published and some recent important discoveries underline the roles of genes HOX, Tim P3, E-cad and p-16, and the recurrent chromosome anomalies 7q21+and 8p21- in the mole to choriocarcinoma processing. Although these phenomena are complex and heterogeneous, the andro- and parthenogenote conceptuses are particularly interesting models with which to understand developmental disorders and cancerous progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Coullin
- Inserm U 493 endocrinologie et génétique du développement et de la reproduction, 32, rue des Carnets, 92140 Clamart, France.
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Mouillot G, Marcou C, Rousseau P, Rouas-Freiss N, Carosella ED, Moreau P. HLA-G gene activation in tumor cells involves cis-acting epigenetic changes. Int J Cancer 2005; 113:928-36. [PMID: 15514928 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The tissue distribution of HLA-G molecules is broader than originally reported in trophoblastic cells. On the basis of numerous studies, HLA-G is also expressed in malignant tumors and involved in tumor immune escape. The mechanisms of HLA-G gene regulation differ from those of classical HLA class I genes and involve epigenetic processes. Here, we provide additional evidence on the influence of DNA demethylation on HLA-G activation. We also analyze the 5' regulatory region of HLA-G in 2 cellular models, melanoma (FON, M8) and choriocarcinoma (JEG-3, JAR), either expressing HLA-G transcripts or not. The data strongly suggest that HLA-G is silenced as a result of CpG site hypermethylation within a 5' regulatory region encompassing 450 bp upstream of the start codon, whereas it is activated upon demethylation. This result correlates with the acetylation status of histones within this region and the putative locus control region located at -1.2 kb. cis-acting epigenetic changes and the fact that demethylating agents activate HLA-G expression at least 5 days following treatment should be taken into account in epigenetic cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Mouillot
- Commissariat í l'Energie Atomique, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant/Département de Recherche Medicale, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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14
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Buzza MS, Hosking P, Bird PI. The granzyme B inhibitor, PI-9, is differentially expressed during placental development and up-regulated in hydatidiform moles. Placenta 2005; 27:62-9. [PMID: 16310039 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2004.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2004] [Revised: 11/09/2004] [Accepted: 11/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular serpin Proteinase Inhibitor-9 (PI-9) is a potent inhibitor of the cytotoxic lymphocyte (CL) proteinase granzyme B, a major effector molecule used by CLs to induce target cell apoptosis. PI-9 is produced by CLs to protect against mis-directed granzyme B. However, PI-9 expression has also been reported in immune privileged tissues. In the present study, cell-specific expression of PI-9 in placental tissue of various gestational ages was examined by immunohistochemistry. PI-9 is highly expressed by the extravillous trophoblasts that have invaded the decidua, and this high expression is maintained throughout pregnancy. Similar levels were also observed in proliferative villous cytotrophoblasts. Syncytial trophoblasts generally do not produce PI-9 to a significant level until the last few weeks of pregnancy. The villous stroma contains mixed populations of PI-9 positive and negative cells throughout pregnancy, with highest expression during the second trimester. Compared to first trimester placentas, syncytial trophoblasts of partial and complete hydatidiform moles showed marked up-regulation of PI-9. Examination of choriocarcinoma cell lines also demonstrated a very high level of PI-9 is produced by these cells, which may provide protection from granzyme B-mediated apoptosis. The cell-specific expression of PI-9 in the placenta is consistent with a function in the maintenance of immune privilege, and it is proposed that up-regulated expression of PI-9 in gestational trophoblastic diseases contributes to disease pathogenesis via immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Buzza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Australia
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15
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Rouas-Freiss N, Moreau P, Menier C, Carosella ED. HLA-G in cancer: a way to turn off the immune system. Semin Cancer Biol 2003; 13:325-36. [PMID: 14708712 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-579x(03)00023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The expression of HLA-G in cancer represents a strategy employed by tumors to avoid immune destruction. Indeed, this non-classical HLA class I molecule suppresses various immune cell functions through binding to inhibitory receptors. We here review the studies done by our group that described for the first time (i) HLA-G expression in malignancies such as melanomas, renal and breast carcinomas. (ii) the up-regulation of HLA-G gene transcription by tumor environmental factors such as cytokines and stress and by agents used in chemotherapy such as demethylating molecules, and (iii) the biological relevance of such HLA-G expression in the evasion of malignant cells from antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Rouas-Freiss
- Senrvice de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, CEA-DSV-DRM, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1UH, 1 Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75475 Paris 10, France.
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16
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Carosella ED, Moreau P, Le Maoult J, Le Discorde M, Dausset J, Rouas-Freiss N. HLA-G Molecules: from Maternal–Fetal Tolerance to Tissue Acceptance. Adv Immunol 2003; 81:199-252. [PMID: 14711057 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(03)81006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, HLA-G, the non-classical HLA class I molecule, has been the center of investigations that have led to the description of its specific structural and functional properties. Although located in the HLA class I region of chromosome six, the HLA-G gene may be distinguished from other HLA class I genes by its low polymorphism and alternative splicing that generates seven HLA-G proteins, whose tissue-distribution is restricted to normal fetal and adult tissues that display a tolerogeneic function toward both innate and acquired immune cells. We review these points, with special emphasis on the role of HLA-G in human pathologies, such as cancer, viral infection, and inflammatory diseases, as well as in organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo D Carosella
- Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Département de Recherche Médicale, CEA Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France.
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Oldt RJ, Kurman RJ, Shih IM. Molecular genetic analysis of placental site trophoblastic tumors and epithelioid trophoblastic tumors confirms their trophoblastic origin. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2002; 161:1033-7. [PMID: 12213732 PMCID: PMC1867236 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2002] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Trophoblastic tumors represent a unique group of human neoplasms because they are derived from fetal tissue. Except for choriocarcinoma, the neoplasms that develop from human trophoblast are poorly characterized. Placental site trophoblastic tumors and epithelioid trophoblastic tumors are thought to arise from intermediate (extravillous) trophoblasts based on histopathological studies, but direct molecular evidence of a trophoblastic origin has not been established. In this study, we performed molecular analysis in an attempt to confirm their presumable trophoblastic origin. We demonstrated that such tumors contain a Y-chromosomal locus and/or new (paternal) alleles not present in adjacent normal uterine tissue in all 31 informative cases. Loss of heterozygosity was found in 60% of tumors and all 42 tumors assessed contained wild-type K-ras. All of the trophoblastic tumors were heterozygous in at least 1 of 10 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers studied in contrast to homozygosity in all 10 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers in most complete hydatidiform moles indicating that these tumors are not related to complete hydatidiform moles. This study provides the first molecular evidence that placental site trophoblastic tumors and epithelioid trophoblastic tumors are of fetal (trophoblastic) origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Oldt
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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18
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Singer G, Kurman RJ, McMaster MT, Shih IM. HLA-G immunoreactivity is specific for intermediate trophoblast in gestational trophoblastic disease and can serve as a useful marker in differential diagnosis. Am J Surg Pathol 2002; 26:914-20. [PMID: 12131159 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200207000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HLA-G is a nonclassical MHC class I antigen that has been shown to be a specific marker for normal intermediate trophoblast (IT). In this study HLA-G immunoreactivity assessed with an HLA-G specific antibody (4H84) was detected in all 14 cases of choriocarcinoma, 14 placental site trophoblastic tumors, 13 epithelioid trophoblastic tumors, 16 placental site nodules, and nine exaggerated placental sites. In contrast, HLA-G immunoreactivity was not detected in 34 nontrophoblastic uterine neoplasms. HLA-G immunoreactivity was present in all the IT cells of exaggerated placental sites and placental site trophoblastic tumors and in 70-100% of IT cells in placental site nodules and epithelioid trophoblastic tumors. The pattern of distribution of HLA-G in different subpopulations of IT confirms the relationship of various trophoblastic lesions to different types of IT (exaggerated placental site and placental site trophoblastic tumor to implantation site IT and placental site nodule and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor to chorionic-type IT) and suggests that choriocarcinoma is related to villous-type IT because the majority of mononucleate cells in this neoplasm were HLA-G immunoreactive. In conclusion, HLA-G immunoreactivity appears to be specific for IT in gestational trophoblastic disease and can serve as a useful marker in the differential diagnosis of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gad Singer
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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Le Discorde M, Moreau P, Rouas-Freiss N, Carosella E. [HLA-G: immune tolerance in normal and pathological physiology]. PATHOLOGIE-BIOLOGIE 2002; 50:45-51. [PMID: 11873630 DOI: 10.1016/s0369-8114(01)00267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
HLA-G is a low polymorphic non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I molecule which can be expressed upon seven isoforms, and whose expression is correlated to immune tolerance situations. Indeed, the expression of HLA-G may allow partially or non histocompatible cells to escape host's immune aimed to eliminate these "foreign" cells. Functions share by HLA-G molecules are the ability to inhibit lysis mediated by natural killer (NK) and by cytotoxic T cells, and to induce apoptosis of activated CD8+ T cells via the HLA-G soluble form. Such model which evades defenses of the immune system was described in the foeto-maternal symbiosis, in tumoral cells or histo-incompatible graft previously. The importance of the role of HLA-G molecules expressed by particular cells as a shield against immune defenses is actually largely studied. The control of HLA-G expression could be used as immunotherapeutic approach, either by up-modulating HLA-G expression in order to favour tolerance of incompatible cells such as foetal cell or graft, or by down-modulating HLA-G expression in order to support the destruction of tumoral cells by cytotoxic T cells. This article reports the recent data on polymorphism, HLA-G gene transcription and implication of HLA-G molecules in immune responses during pregnancy, transplantation or tumoral growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Le Discorde
- Service de recherches en hémato-immunologie, CEA, DSV/DRM, hôpital Saint-Louis, institut d'hématologie, 1, avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris, France
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