1
|
Redondo-García S, Barritt C, Papagregoriou C, Yeboah M, Frendeus B, Cragg MS, Roghanian A. Human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors in health and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1282874. [PMID: 38022598 PMCID: PMC10679719 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1282874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (LILR) are a family of 11 innate immunomodulatory receptors, primarily expressed on lymphoid and myeloid cells. LILRs are either activating (LILRA) or inhibitory (LILRB) depending on their associated signalling domains (D). With the exception of the soluble LILRA3, LILRAs mediate immune activation, while LILRB1-5 primarily inhibit immune responses and mediate tolerance. Abnormal expression and function of LILRs is associated with a range of pathologies, including immune insufficiency (infection and malignancy) and overt immune responses (autoimmunity and alloresponses), suggesting LILRs may be excellent candidates for targeted immunotherapies. This review will discuss the biology and clinical relevance of this extensive family of immune receptors and will summarise the recent developments in targeting LILRs in disease settings, such as cancer, with an update on the clinical trials investigating the therapeutic targeting of these receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Redondo-García
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Barritt
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Lister Department of General Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Charys Papagregoriou
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Muchaala Yeboah
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Björn Frendeus
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- BioInvent International AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mark S. Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Roghanian
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ceeraz S, Thompson CR, Beatson R, Choy EH. Harnessing CD8 +CD28 - Regulatory T Cells as a Tool to Treat Autoimmune Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112973. [PMID: 34831195 PMCID: PMC8616472 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T regulatory cell therapy presents a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with autoimmune diseases or who are undergoing transplantation. At present, the CD4+ Treg population has been extensively characterized, as a result of defined phenotypic and functional readouts. In this review article, we discuss the development and biology of CD8+ Tregs and their role in murine and human disease indications. A subset of CD8+ Tregs that lack the surface expression of CD28 (CD8+CD28− Treg) has proved efficacious in preclinical models. CD8+CD28− Tregs are present in healthy individuals, but their impaired functionality in disease renders them less effective in mediating immunosuppression. We primarily focus on harnessing CD8+ Treg cell therapy in the clinic to support current treatment for patients with autoimmune or inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard Beatson
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Ernest H. Choy
- CREATE Centre, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)29-2068-7092
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zanoni M, Palesch D, Pinacchio C, Statzu M, Tharp GK, Paiardini M, Chahroudi A, Bosinger SE, Yoon J, Cox B, Silvestri G, Kulpa DA. Innate, non-cytolytic CD8+ T cell-mediated suppression of HIV replication by MHC-independent inhibition of virus transcription. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008821. [PMID: 32941545 PMCID: PMC7523993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MHC-I-restricted, virus-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) may control human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication via the recognition and killing of productively infected CD4+ T cells. Several studies in SIV-infected macaques suggest that CD8+ T cells may also decrease virus production by suppressing viral transcription. Here, we show that non-HIV-specific, TCR-activated non-cytolytic CD8+ T cells suppress HIV transcription via a virus- and MHC-independent immunoregulatory mechanism that modulates CD4+ T cell proliferation and activation. We also demonstrate that this CD8+ T cell-mediated effect promotes the survival of infected CD4+ T cells harboring integrated, inducible virus. Finally, we used RNA sequencing and secretome analyses to identify candidate cellular pathways that are involved in the virus-silencing mediated by these CD8+ T cells. This study characterizes a previously undescribed mechanism of immune-mediated HIV silencing that may be involved in the establishment and maintenance of the reservoir under antiretroviral therapy and therefore represent a major obstacle to HIV eradication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Zanoni
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Emory Vaccine Center Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David Palesch
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Emory Vaccine Center Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Claudia Pinacchio
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Emory Vaccine Center Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Maura Statzu
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Emory Vaccine Center Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gregory K. Tharp
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Emory Vaccine Center Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Emory Vaccine Center Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ann Chahroudi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Emory Vaccine Center Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jack Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Bryan Cox
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Emory Vaccine Center Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Deanna A. Kulpa
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Emory Vaccine Center Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang H, Liu Y, Feng F, Liu G, Feng X, Zhang Z, Xie L, Liu J, Yu Y. Different Effects of Interleukin 21 and Interleukin 15 on In Vitro Expanded CD8+ T Cells Stimulated by Alloantigen. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:3456-3462. [PMID: 31733792 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of IL (interleukin) 21 on CD8+ T cells stimulated by alloantigen in the presence of IL-15 in vitro. METHODS CD8+ T cells sorted with MicroBeads from fresh human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cocultured with antigen-presenting cells derived from HLA-A, -B, and -DR full-mismatched individuals for 9 days without any cytokines, in the presence of IL-15, IL-21, and IL-15 combined with IL-21, respectively. The proliferation and phenotypic characteristics of CD28+ and CD28- subsets were measured after 9 days of culture. RESULTS The proliferation of CD8+ T cells can be promoted either by IL-15 alone or in combination with IL-21 compared with IL-21. Cells expanded in the presence of IL-15 are mainly CD8+CD28- T cells, while those expanded in the presence of IL-15 combined with IL-21 are mostly CD8+CD28+ T cells. In the presence of IL-15, most CD8+CD28+ T cells shifted to CD8+CD28- T cells during the process of proliferation, but In the presence of IL-15 combined with IL-21, CD8+CD28+ T cells didn't shift to CD8+CD28- T cells during proliferation, moreover, CD8+CD28- T cells cannot transform in reverse to CD8+CD28+ T cells. IL-21 combined with IL-15 can promote the expression of granzyme B and perforin in CD8+CD28+ and/or CD8+CD28- T cells compared with IL-15 alone. CONCLUSION IL-21 cannot promote the proliferation of CD8+ T cells under allogeneic stimulation unless combined with IL-15. IL-21 prevents the loss of CD28 molecules caused by IL-15 but cannot promote its re-expression in CD28- T cells. CD8+ T cells expanded by IL-21 combined with IL-15 is characterized by cytotoxic phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu Feng
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihuan Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Feng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zedan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiumin Liu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Anti-LFA-1 induces CD8 T-cell dependent allograft tolerance and augments suppressor phenotype CD8 cells. Cell Immunol 2018; 332:101-110. [PMID: 30103941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The induction of tolerance to transplanted organs is a major objective in transplantation immunology research. Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) interactions have been identified as a key component of the T-cell activation process that may be interrupted to lead to allograft tolerance. In mice, αLFA-1 mAb is a potent monotherapy that leads to the induction of donor-specific transferable tolerance. By interrogating important adaptive and innate immunity pathways, we demonstrate that the induction of tolerance relies on CD8+T-cells. We further demonstrate that αLFA-1 induced tolerance is associated with CD8+CD28-T-cells with a suppressor phenotype, and that while CD8 cells are present, the effector T-cell response is abrogated. A recent publication has shown that CD8+CD28- cells are not diminished by cyclosporine or rapamycin, therefore CD8+CD28- cells represent a clinically relevant population. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a mechanism for αLFA-1 induced tolerance has been described.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim H, Kim H, Lee SK, Jin XL, Kim TJ, Park C, Lee JI, Kim HS, Hong SK, Yoon KC, Ahn SW, Lee KB, Yi NJ, Yang J, Lee KW, Hawthorne WJ, Suh KS. Memory T cells are significantly increased in rejected liver allografts of rhesus monkeys. Liver Transpl 2018; 24:256-268. [PMID: 29150986 PMCID: PMC5817407 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The rhesus monkey (RM) is an excellent preclinical model in kidney, heart, and islet transplantation that has provided the basis for new immunosuppressive protocols for clinical studies. However, there remain relatively few liver transplantation (LT) models in nonhuman primates. In this study, we analyzed the immune cell populations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and secondary lymphoid organs along with livers of normal RMs and compared them with those of rejected LT recipients following withdrawal of immunosuppression. We undertook 5 allogeneic ABO compatible orthotopic LTs in monkeys using 5 normal donor monkey livers. We collected tissues including lymph nodes, spleens, blood, and recipient livers, and we performed flow cytometric analysis using isolated immune cells. We found that CD4 or CD8 naïve T cells were normally seen at low levels, and memory T cells were seen at high levels in the liver rather than lymphoid organs or PBMC. However, regulatory cells such as CD4+ forkhead box P3+ T cells and CD8+ CD28- cells remained in high numbers in the liver, but not in the lymph nodes or PBMC. The comparison of CD4/8 T subpopulations in normal and rejected livers and the various tissues showed that naïve cells were dramatically decreased in the spleen, lymph node, and PBMCs of rejected LT monkeys, but rather, the memory CD4/8 T cells were increased in all tissues and PBMC. The normal liver has large numbers of CD4 regulatory T cells, CD8+ CD28-, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which are known immunosuppressive cells occurring at much higher levels than those seen in lymph node or peripheral blood. Memory T cells are dramatically increased in rejected liver allografts of RMs compared with those seen in normal RM tissues. Liver Transplantation 24 256-268 2018 AASLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwajung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xue-Li Jin
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Division of Immunobiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Chanho Park
- Division of Immunobiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Il Lee
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Sin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suk Kyun Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Woo Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Bun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam-Joon Yi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Woong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wayne J Hawthorne
- Department of Surgery, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kyung-Suk Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang J, Mai S, Chen HM, Kang K, Li XC, Chen SH, Pan PY. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors in human diseases: an overview of their distribution, function, and potential application for immunotherapies. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:351-360. [PMID: 28351852 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5mr1216-534r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a population of immature myeloid cells expanded and accumulated in tumor-bearing mice and in patients with cancer, have been shown to mediate immune suppression and to promote tumor progression, thereby, posing a major hurdle to the success of immune-activating cancer therapies. MDSCs, like their healthy counterparts, such as monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes, express an array of costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules as well as myeloid activators and inhibitory receptors, such as leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR) A and B. This review summarizes current findings on the LILR family members in various diseases, their potential roles in the pathogenesis, and possible strategies to revert or enhance the suppressive function of MDSCs for the benefit of patients by targeting LILRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jilu Zhang
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sunny Mai
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hui-Ming Chen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kyeongah Kang
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xian Chang Li
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shu-Hsia Chen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; and.,Department of General Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ping-Ying Pan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; .,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; and
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yap M, Brouard S, Pecqueur C, Degauque N. Targeting CD8 T-Cell Metabolism in Transplantation. Front Immunol 2015; 6:547. [PMID: 26557123 PMCID: PMC4617050 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltration of effector CD8 T cells plays a major role in allograft rejection, and increases in memory and terminally differentiated effector memory CD8 T cells are associated with long-term allograft dysfunction. Alternatively, CD8 regulatory T cells suppress the inflammatory responses of effector lymphocytes and induce allograft tolerance in animal models. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in the field of immunometabolics and its important role in CD8 function and differentiation. The purpose of this review is to highlight the key metabolic pathways involved in CD8 T cells and to discuss how manipulating these metabolic pathways could lead to new immunosuppressive strategies for the transplantation field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Yap
- UMR 1064, INSERM , Nantes , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- UMR 1064, INSERM , Nantes , France ; CHU de Nantes, ITUN , Nantes , France ; CIC Biothérapie , Nantes , France ; CHU Nantes, CRB , Nantes , France
| | - Claire Pecqueur
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France ; UMR 892, INSERM , Nantes , France
| | - Nicolas Degauque
- UMR 1064, INSERM , Nantes , France ; CHU de Nantes, ITUN , Nantes , France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ye J, Ma C, Hsueh EC, Dou J, Mo W, Liu S, Han B, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Varvares MA, Hoft DF, Peng G. TLR8 signaling enhances tumor immunity by preventing tumor-induced T-cell senescence. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 6:1294-311. [PMID: 25231413 PMCID: PMC4287933 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201403918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests the immunosuppressive microenvironments created by malignant tumors represent a major obstacle for effective anti-tumor immunity. A better understanding of the suppressive mechanisms mediated by tumor microenvironments and the development of strategies to reverse the immune suppression are major challenges for the success of tumor immunotherapy. Here, we report that human tumor cells can induce senescence in naïve/effector T cells, exhibiting potent suppressive function in vitro and in vivo. We further show that tumor-derived endogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is responsible for the induction of T-cell senescence. Importantly, activation of TLR8 signaling in tumor cells can block the induction and reverse the suppression of senescent naïve and tumor-specific T cells in vitro and in vivo, resulting in enhanced anti-tumor immunity. These studies identify a novel mechanism of human tumor-mediated immune suppression and provide a new strategy to reverse tumor immunosuppressive effects for tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chunling Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA Department of Laboratory Medicine, Women & Children's Health Care Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, China
| | - Eddy C Hsueh
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jie Dou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wei Mo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark A Varvares
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel F Hoft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guangyong Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tolerogenic dendritic cells and induction of T suppressor cells in transplant recipients. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1034:359-71. [PMID: 23775751 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-493-7_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Tolerogenic antigen presenting cells (APC), primarily dendritic cells (DC), are essential to the induction and maintenance of immunologic tolerance in clinical transplantation. They induce the differentiation of CD8+ T suppressor (Ts) and CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) or anergic cells, which prevent transplant rejection maintaining a state of quiescence. Tolerogenic APC express high levels of inhibitory receptors such as Immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)3 and 4 which inhibit the effector function of T cells that recognize HLA-peptide complexes on APC. Here, we describe the methods for detection of tolerogenic APC induced by allospecific Ts/Treg cells.
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Y, Lan Q, Lu L, Chen M, Xia Z, Ma J, Wang J, Fan H, Shen Y, Ryffel B, Brand D, Quismorio F, Liu Z, Horwitz DA, Xu A, Zheng SG. Phenotypic and functional characteristic of a newly identified CD8+ Foxp3- CD103+ regulatory T cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2014; 6:81-92. [PMID: 23861553 PMCID: PMC3927769 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjt026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β and Foxp3 expressions are crucial for the induction and functional activity of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (iTreg) cells. Here, we demonstrate that although TGF-β-primed CD8(+) cells display much lower Foxp3 expression, their suppressive capacity is equivalent to that of CD4(+) iTreg cells, and both Foxp3(-) and Foxp3(+) CD8+ subsets have suppressive activities in vitro and in vivo. CD8(+)Foxp3(-) iTreg cells produce little IFN-γ but almost no IL-2, and display a typical anergic phenotype. Among phenotypic markers expressed in CD8(+)Foxp3(-) cells, we identify CD103 expression particularly crucial for the generation and function of this subset. Moreover, IL-10 and TGF-β signals rather than cytotoxicity mediate the suppressive effect of this novel Treg population. Therefore, TGF-β can induce both CD8(+)Foxp3(-) and CD8(+)Foxp3(+) iTreg subsets, which may represent the unique immunoregulatory means to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Qin Lan
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Institute of Immunology, Shanghai East Hospital at Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Maogen Chen
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zanxian Xia
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jilin Ma
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Huimin Fan
- Institute of Immunology, Shanghai East Hospital at Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Institute of Immunology, Shanghai East Hospital at Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- University of Orleans and CNRS UMR7355, 3b rue de la Ferollerie, Orleans 45071, France
| | - David Brand
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA
| | - Francisco Quismorio
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Shanghai East Hospital at Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - David A. Horwitz
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Anping Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Institute of Immunology, Shanghai East Hospital at Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Horwitz DA, Pan S, Ou JN, Wang J, Chen M, Gray JD, Zheng SG. Therapeutic polyclonal human CD8+ CD25+ Fox3+ TNFR2+ PD-L1+ regulatory cells induced ex-vivo. Clin Immunol 2013; 149:450-63. [PMID: 24211847 PMCID: PMC3941976 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report that polyclonal CD8regs generated in one week ex-vivo with anti-CD3/28 beads and cytokines rapidly developed suppressive activity in vitro sustained by TGF-β. In immunodeficient mice, these CD8regs demonstrated a markedly protective, IL-10 dependent activity against a xeno-GVHD. They expressed IL-2Rα/β, Foxp3, TNFR2, and the negative co-stimulatory receptors CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1 and Tim-3. Suppressive activity in vitro correlated better with TNFR2 and PD-L1 than Foxp3. Blocking studies suggested that TNF enhanced PD-L1 expression and the suppressive activity of the CD8regs generated. Unlike other polyclonal CD4 and CD8 Tregs, these CD8regs preferentially targeted allogeneic T cells, but they lacked cytotoxic activity against them even after sensitization. Unlike CD4regs, these CD8regs could produce IL-2 and proliferate while inhibiting target cells. If these CD8regs can persist in foreign hosts without impairing immune surveillance, they could serve as a practical remission-inducing product for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, graft-versus-host disease, and allograft rejection.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- CTLA-4 Antigen/genetics
- CTLA-4 Antigen/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/pathology
- Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2
- Humans
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/transplantation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/immunology
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Horwitz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma J, Liu Y, Li Y, Gu J, Liu J, Tang J, Wang J, Ryffel B, Shen Y, Brand D, Liu Z, Zheng SG. Differential role of all-trans retinoic acid in promoting the development of CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 95:275-83. [PMID: 24082012 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0513297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that ATRA promotes the development of TGF-β-induced CD4(+)Foxp3(+) iTregs, which play a vital role in the prevention of autoimmune diseases; however, the role of ATRA in facilitating the differentiation and function of CD8(+)Foxp3(+) iTregs remains elusive. Using a head-to-head comparison, we found that ATRA promoted expression of Foxp3 and development of CD4(+) iTregs, but it did not promote Foxp3 expression on CD8(+) cells. Using a standard in vitro assay, we demonstrated that CD8(+) iTregs induced by TGF-β and ATRA were not superior to CD8(+) iTregs induced by TGF-β alone. In cGVHD, in a typical lupus syndrome model where DBA2 spleen cells were transferred to DBA2xC57BL/6 F1 mice, we observed that both CD8(+) iTregs induced by TGF-β and ATRA and those induced by TGF-β alone had similar therapeutic effects. ATRA did not boost but, conversely, impaired the differentiation and function of human CD8(+) iTregs. CD8(+) cells expressed the ATRA receptor RAR and responded to ATRA, similar to CD4(+) cells. We have identified the differential role of ATRA in promoting Foxp3(+) Tregs in CD4(+) and CD8(+) cell populations. These results will help to determine a protocol for developing different Treg cell populations and may provide novel insights into clinical cell therapy for patients with autoimmune diseases and those needing organ transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jilin Ma
- 2.Penn State University Hershey College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033. ; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Nephrology, Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital, 208 Huancheng East Road, Hangzhou 310003, P. R. China. E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Induction of antigen-specific human T suppressor cells by membrane and soluble ILT3. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 93:294-301. [PMID: 23018130 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-specific CD8 suppressor T cells (CD8(+) Ts) are adaptive regulatory T cells that are induced in vivo and in vitro by chronic antigenic stimulation of human T cells. CD8(+) Ts induce the upregulation of the inhibitory receptors ILT3 and ILT4 on monocytes and dendritic cells rendering these antigen presenting cells (APCs) tolerogenic. Tolerogenic APCs induce CD4(+) T helper anergy and elicit the differentiation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T regulatory/suppressor cells. Overexpression of membrane ILT3 in APC results in inhibition of NF-κB activation, transcription of inflammatory cytokines and costimulatory molecules. Soluble ILT3-Fc which contains only the extracellular, Ig-like domain linked to mutated IgG1 Fc, is strongly immunosuppressive. ILT3-Fc, induces the differentiation of human CD8(+) Ts which inhibit CD4(+) Th and CD8(+) CTL effector function both in vitro and in vivo. The acquisition of Ts' function by primed CD8(+) T cells treated with ILT3-Fc was demonstrated to be the effect of the significant upregulation of BCL6, a transcriptional repressor of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-5 and granzyme B. The upregulated expression of BCL6, SOCS1 and DUSP10 is integral to the signature of ILT3-Fc-induced CD8(+) Ts. These genes are known inhibitors of cytokine production and TCR signaling and are targeted by miRNAs which are suppressed by ILT3-Fc. ILT3-Fc induces tolerance to allogeneic human islets and reverses rejection after its onset in a humanized NOD/SCID mouse model. Based on these findings we postulate that ILT3-Fc may become an important new agent for treatment of autoimmunity and transplant rejection.
Collapse
|
15
|
Schlickeiser S, Sawitzki B. Peripheral biomarkers for individualizing immunosuppression in transplantation - Regulatory T cells. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:1406-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
16
|
Karczewski J, Karczewski M, Wiktorowicz K. Possible defect of T suppressor cell subpopulation in patients with kidney acute rejection. Transplant Proc 2011; 42:4538-9. [PMID: 21168732 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.09.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+)CD28(-) forkhead box P3 (Foxp3(+)) T suppressor (Ts) lymphocytes are antigen-specific cells capable of inducing tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells by up-regulation of inhibitory receptors immunoglobulin-like-transcripts -3 and -4 and down-regulation of costimulatory molecules. Our study sought to investigate the relation between the level of peripheral CD8(+)CD28(-)Foxp3(+) Ts cells and kidney allograft outcomes. The project included 44 kidney transplantation patients. During the 6-month period following transplantation an acute rejection episode (ARE) was diagnosed in 11 patients based on biopsy results using the Banff criteria. Peripheral blood samples collected at 1 day before as well as 14 and 30 days after transplantation were tested for CD8(+)CD28(-)Foxp3(+) T cells by means of flow cytometry. Values were considered significant when P < .05. Cytometric analysis did not show significant differences between the groups in pretransplant levels of peripheral CD8(+)CD28(-)Foxp3(+) Ts cells (P > .05); however, the posttransplantation analysis showed a higher mean level of Ts cells in nonrejection (NONARE) versus acute rejection (ARE) patients (P < .0001). This observation suggested that dysfunction of CD8(+)CD28(-)Foxp3(+) Ts cells observed in ARE patients may contribute to these episodes. Interestingly, we observed similar results with respect to peripheral CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells in ARE patients, suggesting impairment of immunoregulatory mechanisms (especially within the inducible Foxp3 system) in this group, leading to acute renal allograft rejection episodes.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ménoret S, Guillonneau C, Bezié S, Caron L, Anegon I, Li XL. Phenotypic and functional characterization of CD8(+) T regulatory cells. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 677:63-83. [PMID: 20941603 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-869-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows the presence and significance of CD8+ T regulatory cells (CD8+ Tregs) in both human and rodent transplant recipients, as well as in autoimmune disease models. We, hereafter, review all available data on the phenotypic and functional characterization of CD8+ Tregs, and we also provide detailed protocols to purify them and analyze their suppressive function. Different subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) and CD4+ effector T cells may modulate the suppression mediated by CD8+ Tregs. By analyzing the proliferation of CFSE-labeled naïve CD4+CD25- T cells in coculture MLR and transwell experiments, we explored the mutual modulation of CD8+ Tregs, DC subsets, and CD4+ T effector cells. The suppressive function of CD8+ Tregs was mediated by both cell-contact-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ferri S, Longhi MS, De Molo C, Lalanne C, Muratori P, Granito A, Hussain MJ, Ma Y, Lenzi M, Mieli-Vergani G, Bianchi FB, Vergani D, Muratori L. A multifaceted imbalance of T cells with regulatory function characterizes type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 2010; 52:999-1007. [PMID: 20683931 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Immunotolerance is maintained by regulatory T cells (Tregs), including CD4(+)CD25(hi), CD8(+)CD28(-), gammadelta, and CD3(+)CD56(+) [natural killer T (NKT)] cells. CD4(+)CD25(hi) cells are impaired in children with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Little is known about Tregs in adults with AIH. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and function of Treg subsets in adult patients with AIH during periods of active disease and remission. Forty-seven AIH patients (16 with active disease and 31 in remission) and 28 healthy controls were studied. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate surface markers and function-related intracellular molecules in gammadelta, CD8(+)CD28(-), NKT, and CD4(+)CD25(hi) cells. CD4(+)CD25(hi) T cell function was determined by the ability to suppress proliferation and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production by CD4(+)CD25(-) target cells. Liver forkhead box P3-positive (FOXP3(+)) cells were sought by immunohistochemistry. In AIH patients, particularly during active disease, CD4(+)CD25(hi) T cells were fewer, expressed lower levels of FOXP3, and were less effective at inhibiting target cell proliferation versus healthy controls. Moreover, although the numbers of CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells were similar in AIH patients and healthy controls, NKT cells were numerically reduced, especially during active disease, and produced lower quantities of the immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin-4 versus controls. In contrast, gammadelta T cells in AIH patients were more numerous versus healthy controls and had an inverted Vdelta1/Vdelta2 ratio and higher IFN-gamma and granzyme B production; the latter was correlated to biochemical indices of liver damage. There were few FOXP3(+) cells within the portal tract inflammatory infiltrate. CONCLUSION Our data show that the defect in immunoregulation in adult AIH is complex, and gammadelta T cells are likely to be effectors of liver damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ferri
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Trzonkowski P, Dębska-Ślizień A, Jankowska M, Wardowska A, Carvalho-Gaspar M, Hak Ł, Moszkowska G, Bzoma B, Mills N, Wood KJ, Myśliwska J, Rutkowski B. Immunosenescence increases the rate of acceptance of kidney allotransplants in elderly recipients through exhaustion of CD4+ T-cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2010; 131:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
20
|
Lin YX, Yan LN, Li B, Wang LL, Wen TF, Zeng Y, Wang WT, Zhao JC, Yang JY, Xu MQ, Ma YK, Chen ZY, Bai YJ. A Significant Expansion of CD8+ CD28− T-Suppressor Cells in Adult-to-Adult Living Donor Liver Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:4229-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
21
|
Abstract
An age-related decline in immune functions, referred to as immunosenescence, is partially responsible for the increased prevalence and severity of infectious diseases, and the low efficacy of vaccination in elderly persons. Immunosenescence is characterized by a decrease in cell-mediated immune function as well as by reduced humoral immune responses. Age-dependent defects in T- and B-cell function coexist with age-related changes within the innate immune system. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and consequences of age-associated immune alterations as well as their implications for health in old age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Weiskopf
- Immunology Division, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Anderson KJ, Allen RL. Regulation of T-cell immunity by leucocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors: innate immune receptors for self on antigen-presenting cells. Immunology 2009; 127:8-17. [PMID: 19368561 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Following recognition of microbial patterns, innate immune receptors provide a rapid innate response and trigger antigen-presenting cell maturation to instruct adaptive immune responses. Here we discuss a family of innate immune receptors for self - the leucocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRs). These LILRs exert powerful inhibitory effects on antigen-presenting cell phenotype and subsequent T-cell responses, and may act to constrain the effects of Toll-like receptor signalling. Despite their broad ligand specificity, differing affinities of LILRs for individual complexes of peptide-major histocompatibility complex can determine the nature of their effect on downstream immune responses. Expression and function of LILRs may be skewed in certain conditions such as cancer or human immunodeficiency virus infection, particularly by ectopic expression of human leucocyte antigen-G, a high-affinity LILR ligand. We discuss the relevance of LILR-mediated immune regulation across a range of scenarios from autoimmunity to transplant medicine, infection and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Anderson
- Centre for Infection, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cinti P, Pretagostini R, Lai Q, Tamburro ML, Rossi M, Poli L, Berloco P. Alloantibodies and outcomes of deceased donor kidney allografts. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:651-4. [PMID: 19527761 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the anti-HLA antibody status of 100 recipients of kidneys from deceased donors demonstrated that presensitization and the development of alloantibodies after transplantation are associated with the development of antibody mediated as well as cellular rejection. This finding indicates that the humoral arm of the immune response is also involved in cell-mediated rejection and/or that there may be a continuum between these two forms of rejection. Most episodes of rejection were successfully reversed in our population, as shown by the overall 3-year actuarial survival of 98% in nonsensitized and 91% in sensitized recipients, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive antibody studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Cinti
- Chirurgia Generale E Trapianti d'Organo, La Sapienza Università di Roma, Umberto I Policlinico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dejaco C, Duftner C, Klauser A, Schirmer M. Altered T-cell subtypes in spondyloarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Rheumatol Int 2009; 30:297-303. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-009-0949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
25
|
Immunoglobulin-like transcript 3: A crucial regulator of dendritic cell function. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:340-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
26
|
Carosella ED, HoWangYin KY, Favier B, LeMaoult J. HLA-G–dependent suppressor cells: Diverse by nature, function, and significance. Hum Immunol 2008; 69:700-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.08.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
27
|
Kapp JA, Bucy RP. CD8+ suppressor T cells resurrected. Hum Immunol 2008; 69:715-20. [PMID: 18817830 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of antigen-specific T cells that mediate active inhibition of immune responses over the past 35 years since their initial description. The field has experienced several changes in the accepted paradigm of such suppressor/regulatory T cells, from initial indications that such cells were CD8(+), to the view that such cells did not exist, to the identification of the transcription factor Foxp3 as a key orchestrator of inhibitory function. Although most Foxp3(+) cells in a resting animal are CD4(+)CD25(+) cells, Foxp3 expression and inhibitory function can be induced by antigens in the periphery by selective cytokine conditions, particularly TGF-beta. Such induced T cells occur within both the CD4 and the CD8 T-cell lineages and appear to mediate suppression by inhibiting the costimulatory activity of antigen-presenting cells and the production of inhibitory cytokines. Recent data generated by analysis of TCR Tg T cells that do not select many Foxp3-positive cells during thymic development are reviewed, emphasizing the pattern of "linked suppression" and focus of the relative potency of different mechanisms of suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Kapp
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tulunay A, Yavuz S, Direskeneli H, Eksioglu-Demiralp E. CD8+CD28-, suppressive T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2008; 17:630-7. [PMID: 18625635 DOI: 10.1177/0961203308089400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show that a CD8+CD28- phenotype of T-cell population inhibits the reactivity of T-helper cells either by a contact-dependent mechanism or with secreting suppressive cytokines. In this study, we have explored the peripheral blood CD8+CD28- T-cell population in 53 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in comparison to healthy and diseased control groups. The distribution of CD28- cells within CD8+ population has been found significantly lower in patients with SLE than in healthy individuals. While there were no significant differences in the expression of costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, the CD40 expression on monocytes was found significantly lower and there was a slight decrease of expression of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in CD8+CD28- population in patients with SLE. The Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) mRNA expression was found higher in CD8+CD28- T cells. Neither activation induced nor time-dependent change in the frequency of CD8+CD28- cells has been observed following stimulation at various time-points indicating that the control of CD28 expression was not dependent on the presence of sustained stimulations. Decrease in CD8+CD28- T cells which normally produce TGF-beta and their low-level IL-10 content may reflect impaired T-cell suppression and accordingly, increased T cell help to autoreactive B cells in patients with SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Tulunay
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dijke IE, Weimar W, Baan CC. The control of anti-donor immune responses by regulatory T cells in organ transplant patients. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:1249-52. [PMID: 18589082 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of regulatory T cells in the induction and maintenance of transplant tolerance has been widely investigated in experimental animal models. Their involvement in the regulation of allogeneic immune reactivity in immunosuppressed organ transplant patients, however, remains unclear. Measurements of regulatory T cells after clinical organ transplantation may contribute to understanding their role in anti-donor immune responses. Several studies have investigated the frequency and/or immune regulatory function of peripheral regulatory T-cell populations, such as, the CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells or the CD8+CD28- suppressor T cells, in clinically stable organ transplant patients and patients with acute or chronic rejection. This review summarizes these studies and discusses the correlations found between the number and function of regulatory T cells and the immunological state of the patient. This knowledge is warranted for a better understanding of the control of allogeneic immune responses by regulatory T cells. Subsequently, monitoring regulatory T cells may help us to identify patients in whom the anti-donor reactivity is actively suppressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I E Dijke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang J, Jiang S, Shi H, Lin Y, Wang J, Wang X. Prolongation of corneal xenotransplant survival by T-cell vaccination-induced T-regulatory cells. Xenotransplantation 2008; 15:164-73. [PMID: 18611224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2008.00471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
31
|
The protective effect of CD8+CD28- T suppressor cells on the acute rejection responses in rat liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2008; 39:3396-403. [PMID: 18089392 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2007.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Regulatory T cells (Tr) or T-suppressor cells (Ts), which include CD4+CD25+ T cells and CD8+CD28- T cells respectively, have been shown to be essential for the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance. We have investigated the effect of CD8+CD28- Ts and CD4+CD25+ Tr on acute rejection responses in rat liver transplantation (OLT). METHODS CD8+CD28- Ts/CD4+CD25+ Tr were obtained from inbred and naïve rats that show spontaneous tolerance to OLT. Adoptive transfers were performed in acute rejection models of various strain combinations with survival times observed to evaluate suppressive effects. Donor-specific blood transfusion (DST) was used to induce CD8+CD28- Ts in naïve rats, which were assayed in vitro using carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl easter-labeled one-way mixed lymphocyte reactions. Secondary adoptive transfers of DST-induced CD8+CD28- Ts were also performed in an acute OLT rejection model. RESULTS CD8+CD28- Ts from tolerant OLT model rats possessed immunosuppressive activity in allogeneic recipients; adoptive transfers of these cells alleviated the acute rejection responses. However, CD4+CD25+ Tr derived from tolerant or naïve rats failed to do so. In vitro DST-induced CD8+CD28- Ts inhibited alloantigen T-cell responses in naïve syngeneic rats in an antigen-specific manner. Secondary adoptive transfer of DST-induced CD8+CD28-Ts further reduced acute rejection but not chronic rejection responses. CONCLUSIONS CD8+CD28- Ts cells protected allogeneic recipients from acute rejection in rat OLT. Furthermore, this activity was not present in CD4+CD25+Tr. DST was observed to be an effective method to generate functional CD8+CD28-Ts in naïve rats.
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The rise-and-fall and reincarnation of suppressor T cells is reviewed from the perspective of a participant in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Kapp
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2170, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Suciu-Foca N, Cortesini R. Central role of ILT3 in the T suppressor cell cascade. Cell Immunol 2007; 248:59-67. [PMID: 17923119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2007.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T suppressor cells differentiate both in vivo and in vitro upon chronic exposure of responding T cells to allogeneic APC. These Ts are allospecific and exhibit their function interacting directly with priming APC which they render tolerogenic. Tolerogenicity of professional and non-professional human APC, such as dendritic cells and endothelial cells, respectively is due to the upregulation of the inhibitory receptors ILT3 and ILT4. ILT3 signals both intracellularly, inhibiting NF-kappaB activation, and transcription of costimulatory molecules, and extracellularly, inducing anergy and regulatory function in T cells with cognate specificity. Both membrane and soluble ILT3 are proteins with potent immunosuppressive activity which are of importance for treatment of rejection, autoimmunity and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Suciu-Foca
- Columbia University, Department of Pathology, 630 West 168th Street-P&S 14-401, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mircheff AK. Sjogrens syndrome as failed local immunohomeostasis: prospects for cell-based therapy. Ocul Surf 2007; 1:160-79. [PMID: 17075648 DOI: 10.1016/s1542-0124(12)70012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sjogrens syndrome has been estimated to affect between 0.2% and 2% or more of the population. It is an autoimmune disease with the hallmark histopathology of focal, periductal, and perivascular CD4(+) cell infiltration of the lacrimal and salivary glands. The immunohistopathology is typically associated with severe lacrimal and salivary dysfunctions, which contribute to debilitating ocular surface and oral symptoms. The quality of life of patients with Sjogrens syndrome often is degraded further by serious, multisystemic manifestations, and they are subject to a forty-fold increased risk of developing B cell lymphomas. In normal lacrimal glands, secretory epithelial cells, autoimmune effector lymphocytes, and regulatory lymphocytes can be seen as collaborating to maintain a local immunohomeostasis. The epithelium contributes by secreting immunomodulatory paracrine factors and also by continuously exposing autoantigens, which thereby become available for uptake by professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). Local or systemic perturbations may initiate autoimmune pathophysiology by impairing the replacement of normally-turning-over regulatory cells, by altering epithelial production of immunomodulatory paracrine factors, by inducing intact epithelial cells to begin secreting previously cryptic epitopes (epitopes that previously were not available to bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and so could not be recognized by T cell antigen receptors), and by inducing epithelial cells to begin expressing MHC Class II molecules and presenting formerly cryptic epitopes directly to CD4(+) cells. This process has been modeled ex vivo with mixed cell reactions comprised of isolated epithelial cells and autologous lymphocytes. This development has occurred as studies of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) and other immunoregulatory phenomena have elucidated the origins and functions of several different kinds of regulatory lymphocytes and shown that regulatory lymphocytes can be generated ex vivo. It now is possible to envision strategies for exploiting each possible mode of epithelial autoantigen exposure to produce therapeutic regulatory cells that might be capable of re-establishing normal immunohomeostasis. Consideration of the hypothetical therapies identifies a number of basic questions that warrant investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin K Mircheff
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chang HW, Chow YH, Chong P, Sia C. The cross-regulatory relationship between human dendritic and regulatory T cells and its role in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Rev Diabet Stud 2007; 4:68-76. [PMID: 17823690 PMCID: PMC2036261 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2007.4.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and T regulatory (Treg) cells play a crucial role in maintaining the tolerance needed to prevent the onset of autoimmunity that leads to the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Various experimental studies have shown that human DC subsets are involved in the induction of anergy in T cells and in the differentiation of conventional CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes into the respective subtypes of Treg cells. Treg cells, in turn, have been shown to modulate the function of DCs to exhibit tolerogenic properties. To evaluate whether T1DM development is related to abnormalities in DCs and Treg cells, many attempts have been made to characterize these cell types in diabetic individuals and in subjects at risk of developing the disease. This review aims to supply an update on the progress made in these aspects of T1DM research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Charles Sia
- Address correspondence to: Charles Sia, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vlad G, Liu Z, Zhang QY, Cortesini R, Suciu-Foca N. Immunosuppressive activity of recombinant ILT3. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6:1889-94. [PMID: 17161342 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tolerogenic antigen presenting cells (APC) are characterized by high expression of the inhibitory receptors ILT3 and ILT4. We have engineered ILT3 and ILT4 cytoplasmic deletion mutants (ILT3delta and ILT4delta), which were transfected in the dendritic-like cell line KG1, to investigate ILT3 and ILT4's capacity to signal extracellularly. KG1.ILT3delta, similar to untruncated ILT3, inhibits T cell responses such as proliferation and cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In contrast, KG1.ILT4delta lost the suppressive activity of untruncated ILT4. This indicates that the inhibitory function of ILT4 relies entirely on the cytoplasmic region containing ITIM motifs. We further demonstrated that recombinant soluble ILT3 inhibits T helper and cytotoxic function while inducing the differentiation of CD8(+) Ts cells. Hence, Ts modulate APC function inducing inhibitory receptors, which in turn elicit the generation of Ts.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/immunology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/pharmacology
- Mutation/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Transfection
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Vlad
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, P and S 14-401, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lourenço O, Fonseca AM, Paiva A, Arosa FA, Taborda-Barata L. Functional and phenotypic characterization of CD8+CD28+ and CD28- T cells in atopic individuals sensitized to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2006; 34:234-41. [PMID: 17173839 DOI: 10.1157/13095870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD8+ T suppressor cells may play a role in immunoregulation. Recent studies have characterized this population by the lack of the CD28 molecule. These CD8+CD28 T cells differ phenotypically and functionally from CD8 + CD28 + T cells. Little is known about CD8 + CD28 cells in atopy. Our aim was to analyze the phenotype and functional properties of CD8 + CD28T cells in atopic and non-atopic individuals. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained after density gradient centrifugation. CD8 + CD28 and CD8 + CD28 + T cells were isolated using immunomagnetic beads. Relative percentages of these cells and expression of several phenotypic markers were analyzed by flow cytometry. Proliferation was assessed by thymidine incorporation in isolated populations and in co-cultures with PBMC using Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus as stimulus. Cytokine synthesis was evaluated in culture supernatants by cytometric bead array. RESULTS The relative percentages of CD8+CD28 T cells and their phenotypic expression in atopic and non-atopic volunteers were not significantly different. However, CD8 + CD28 T cells showed greater proliferation than did CD8+CD28+ T cells when stimulated with D. pteronyssinus, although cytokine synthesis patterns were similar. CD8+CD28 co-cultures with PBMC showed greater proliferation than CD8+CD28+ T cell co-cultures, but cytokine synthesis patterns were not different. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm phenotypic and functional differences between CD28+ and CD28 T cells, irrespective of atopic status. Purified human CD8+CD28 T cells, freshly isolated from peripheral blood, do not have suppressor properties on allergen-specific proliferation or on cytokine synthesis in PBMC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigens, Dermatophagoides/adverse effects
- CD28 Antigens/analysis
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/immunology
- Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/immunology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/etiology
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology
- Immunomagnetic Separation
- Immunophenotyping
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Muromonab-CD3/pharmacology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/etiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Lourenço
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xi Y, Yuan Z, Zhang H, Guan H, Kong F, Liu N, Liang F, Cui J, Guo S, Sun Y, Xi C. Molecular construction and characterization of a novel exotoxin fusion protein that selectively blocks the B7:CD28 costimulatory signal system. J Immunother 2006; 29:586-95. [PMID: 17063121 DOI: 10.1097/01.cji.0000211300.67750.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An important strategy for specifically preventing and treating graft-versus-host and host-versus-graft diseases is to selectively block the B7:CD28/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte A4 costimulatory signal system for induced immune tolerance. In this study, a novel recombinant B7-2-L-PE40KDEL fusion protein was created to target the B7:CD28 system. We used a flexible linker sequence (Gly4Ser)4 and overlapping sequence extension to link the cDNAs encoding a human B7-2 extracellular domain and a mutant truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE), PE40KDEL. This B7-2-L-PE40KDEL fusion gene was then inserted into the pTYB4 expression vector, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified through Ni-NTA mealty affinity-->MonoQ anion exchange-->Superdex75 gel filtration chromatography 3-step purification protocols. Western blotting demonstrated that the B7-2-L-PE40KDEL fusion protein specifically bound antihuman B7-2 monoclonal antibody and anti-pseudomonas exotoxin A antiserum. We used the Antheprot nucleic acid and protein analyzing software to predict the characteristics of this fusion protein, and showed that the fusion did not confer new antigenicities to the fusion protein. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide tests demonstrated that at doses ranging from 0.2 to 2 microg/mL, this fusion protein specifically killed CD28-overexpressing Jurkat cells but even at doses of 2 microg did not kill CD28-negative Hut28 cells. The results of a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction demonstrated that the fusion protein has a range of suppressive effects on HLA class I and II matched related donors and recipients, and HLA class I and II mismatched unrelated donors. Taken together, these results demonstrate that we have developed a novel recombinant human B7-2-L-PE40KDEL exotoxin fusion protein that specifically blocks the B7:CD28 costimulatory signal system in a manner that may be of significant importance in preventing and treating graft-versus-host or host-versus-graft diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Xi
- Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis, Beijing 307 Hospital, Affiliated to Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 8, Dongda Avenue, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Jiang S, Lechler RI, He XS, Huang JF. Regulatory T Cells and Transplantation Tolerance. Hum Immunol 2006; 67:765-76. [PMID: 17055353 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, several types of regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been identified to play a pivotal role in the control of autoimmunity and transplantation tolerance in rodents and in human beings, including innate regulatory NKT cells and gammadelta T cells, naturally occurring FoxP3 expressing CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells, and in-vitro induced Tregs including interleuking-10 (IL-10)-secreting Tr1 CD4(+) T cells, TGF-beta-producing Th3 CD4(+) T cells, anergic CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+)CD28(-) and CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells. Recent studies have shown that innate and adaptive Tregs may be linked and act in concert to mediate immunosuppression. As our understanding of regulatory T cell populations has substantially advanced, compelling evidence support the prospect that in-vitro expanded, patient-tailored Tregs with indirect anti-donor allospecificity could be potential reagents as adoptive cell therapy for individualized medicine to promote clinical transplantation tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuiping Jiang
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Louis S, Braudeau C, Giral M, Dupont A, Moizant F, Robillard N, Moreau A, Soulillou JP, Brouard S. Contrasting CD25hiCD4+T cells/FOXP3 patterns in chronic rejection and operational drug-free tolerance. Transplantation 2006; 81:398-407. [PMID: 16477227 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000203166.44968.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although immunosuppression withdrawal in kidney recipients usually leads to rejection, in some patients it does not, leading to a state of clinical operational tolerance. METHODS We compared these highly contrasted situations by analyzing blood cell phenotype and transcriptional patterns in drug-free spontaneously tolerant kidney recipients, recipients with chronic rejection, recipients with stable graft function under standard or minimal immunosuppression and healthy individuals RESULTS The blood cell phenotype of clinically tolerant patients did not differ from that of healthy individuals. In contrast, recipients with chronic rejection had significantly less CD25hiCD4+T cells and lower levels of FOXP3 transcripts compared with clinically tolerant recipients. Patients with chronic rejection also displayed CD25-CD4+T cells expressing NKG2D+CD94+ and CD57+CD27-CD28- cytotoxic-associated markers (P<0.05). CONCLUSION These data show that whereas clinically tolerant recipients displayed normal levels of CD25hiCD4+T cells and FOXP3 transcripts, chronic rejection is associated with a decrease in CD25hiCD4+T cells and FOXP3 transcripts, suggesting that clinically "operational tolerance" may be due to a maintained phenomenon of natural tolerance that is lacking in patients with chronic rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Louis
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Demirkiran A, Kok A, Kwekkeboom J, Kusters JG, Metselaar HJ, Tilanus HW, van der Laan LJW. Low circulating regulatory T-cell levels after acute rejection in liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2006; 12:277-84. [PMID: 16447185 DOI: 10.1002/lt.20612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immune regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells play a crucial role in inducing and maintaining allograft tolerance in experimental models of transplantation (Tx). In humans, the effect of Tx and immunosuppression on the function and homeostasis of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) is not well characterized. In this study, the frequency of Tregs in liver transplant recipients was determined based on flow cytometric analysis of CD4, CD25, CD45RO, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 markers, and the suppressor activity of Tregs was assessed in a mixed-leukocyte reaction. A link between Tregs, acute rejection, and immune-suppressive treatment was investigated. Liver transplant recipients had significantly higher Treg levels in peripheral blood pre-Tx than healthy controls. After Tx, a significant drop in the Treg fraction was observed. This reduction of circulating Tregs was transient and was associated with immunosuppression. In recipients who did not develop rejection, a relative recovery of Treg levels was seen within the first year after Tx. Recipients who experienced an episode of steroid-treated acute rejection, however, had sustained low Treg levels. The suppressive activities of CD4+CD25+ Tregs from rejectors, nonrejectors, and healthy controls on proliferation and interferon (IFN)-gamma production were indistinguishable. In conclusion, the percentage of CD4+CD25+CD45RO+CTLA-4+ quadruple-positive Tregs in peripheral blood decreases significantly after liver Tx. Treatment with methylprednisolone during Tx and for acute rejection is associated with low circulating Tregs. Despite these quantitative differences between rejectors and nonrejectors, the suppressive quality of CD4+CD25+ Tregs is identical in both groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Demirkiran
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Galle C, Schandené L, Dereume JP, Goldman M. CD8
+
T-Cell Subpopulations in Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Lesion. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:e19; author reply e19-20. [PMID: 16424356 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000199249.15199.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
44
|
Filaci G, Rizzi M, Setti M, Fenoglio D, Fravega M, Basso M, Ansaldo G, Ceppa P, Borgonovo G, Murdaca G, Ferrera F, Picciotto A, Fiocca R, Torre G, Indiveri F. Non-antigen-specific CD8(+) T suppressor lymphocytes in diseases characterized by chronic immune responses and inflammation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005; 1050:115-23. [PMID: 16014526 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1313.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on regulatory lymphocytes demonstrate that CD8(+) T suppressor (Ts) cells may have great relevance in controlling immune system homeostasis and avoiding development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Among the three subpopulations of CD8(+) Ts cells so far recognized in humans, the type 2 (non-antigen-specific) cell is characterized by the capacity to inhibit both T cell proliferation and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity through secretion of soluble factors. Previous work has shown the impairment of in vitro generation of type 2 CD8(+) Ts cells from the peripheral blood of relapsed patients with multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or systemic sclerosis. Here, similar findings are demonstrated for patients with human immunodeficiency virus or chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Furthermore, the presence of type 2 CD8(+) Ts cells infiltrating diseased tissues in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis or cancer is shown. Collectively, these findings suggest that type 2 CD8(+) Ts cells may be involved in the control of pathologic chronic immune responses, contributing in some cases to the pathogenesis of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Filaci
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bradley BA. Prognostic assays for rejection and tolerance in organ transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2005; 14:193-201. [PMID: 15982563 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2005.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review, I have summarised our understanding of acute rejection of organ transplants, and for convenience I have identified three processes, recognition, rejection and regulation. In stark contrast to this text-book picture of acute rejection, I have drawn attention to some of the clinical realities, where processes are altered by powerful immunosuppressive drugs, and where many transplant recipients are pre-sensitised to transplantation antigens prior to engraftment. The ultimate goal is to encourage the emergence of a utopian immunological state, wherein patients tolerate organ transplants for life after being weaned from all immunosuppressive drugs. Assays that may be used in the future to reliably monitor this process are still at a very exciting stage of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Bradley
- The East Barn, The Pound, Lower Almondsbury, Bristol BS32 4EF, England, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Vlad G, Cortesini R, Suciu-Foca N. License to heal: bidirectional interaction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells and tolerogenic APC. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:5907-14. [PMID: 15879080 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.10.5907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (T(R)) cells, a component of the innate immune response, which play a key role in the maintenance of self-tolerance, have become the focus of numerous studies over the last decade. These cells inhibit the immune response in an Ag-nonspecific manner, interacting with other T cells. Much less is known about adaptive T(R) cells, which develop in response to chronic antigenic stimulation, and act directly on professional and nonprofessional APC, rendering them tolerogenic and able to elicit the differentiation of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells with suppressive activity. In this review, we will discuss data pertaining to the bidirectional interaction between Ag-specific T(R) with APC and their clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Vlad
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Vallejo AN. CD28 extinction in human T cells: altered functions and the program of T-cell senescence. Immunol Rev 2005; 205:158-69. [PMID: 15882352 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The loss of CD28 expression on T cells is the most consistent biological indicator of aging in the human immune system, and the frequency of CD28(null) T cells is a key predictor of immune incompetence in the elderly. There is also mounting evidence for the high frequency of these unusual T cells among patients with inflammatory syndromes or with chronic infections disproportionate with their age. In these pathological states, CD28(null) T cells likely represent prematurely senescent lymphocytes due to persistent immune activation. Unlike the situation in CD28 gene knockout mice that have anergic CD28(0/0) T cells, human CD28(null) T cells are functionally active, long-lived, oligoclonal lymphocytes that lack or have limited proliferative capacity. Results of replicative senescence studies show that CD28(null) T cells are derived from CD28(+) precursors that have undergone repeated stimulation, indicating that CD28 silencing underlies the program of T-cell aging. Dissection of the machinery regulating CD28 expression is paving the way in elucidating the molecular events leading to immune senescence as well as providing clues into the functional rejuvenation of senescent T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbe N Vallejo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gregori S, Mangia P, Bacchetta R, Tresoldi E, Kolbinger F, Traversari C, Carballido JM, de Vries JE, Korthäuer U, Roncarolo MG. An anti-CD45RO/RB monoclonal antibody modulates T cell responses via induction of apoptosis and generation of regulatory T cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 201:1293-305. [PMID: 15837814 PMCID: PMC2213149 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20040912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a chimeric monoclonal antibody (chA6 mAb) that recognizes both the RO and RB isoforms of the transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45 on human T cells were investigated. Chimeric A6 (chA6) mAb potently inhibited antigen-specific and polyclonal T cell responses. ChA6 mAb induced activation-independent apoptosis in CD4+CD45RO/RBhigh T cells but not in CD8+ T cells. In addition, CD4+ T cell lines specific for tetanus toxoid (TT) generated in the presence of chA6 mAb were anergic and suppressed the proliferation and interferon (IFN)-γ production by TT-specific effector T cells by an interleukin-10–dependent mechanism, indicating that these cells were equivalent to type 1 regulatory T cells. Similarly, CD8+ T cell lines specific for the influenza A matrix protein-derived peptide (MP.58-66) generated in the presence of chA6 mAb were anergic and suppressed IFN-γ production by MP.58-66–specific effector CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, chA6 mAb significantly prolonged human pancreatic islet allograft survival in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice injected with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hu-PBL-NOD/SCID). Together, these results demonstrate that the chA6 mAb is a new immunomodulatory agent with multiple modes of action, including deletion of preexisting memory and recently activated T cells and induction of anergic CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gregori
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sindhi R, Manavalan JS, Magill A, Suciu-Foca N, Zeevi A. Reduced immunosuppression in pediatric liver-intestine transplant recipients with CD8+CD28− T-suppressor cells. Hum Immunol 2005; 66:252-7. [PMID: 15784463 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2004] [Revised: 05/03/2004] [Accepted: 05/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Twelve pediatric liver (n = 7), liver-kidney (n = 1), and small bowel (n = 4) transplant recipients, median age 6.5 years (1-21), who received rabbit anti-human thymocyte globulin (rATG) and steroid-free tacrolimus/sirolimus, were screened for the presence of CD8+CD28- T suppressor cells. Four control liver transplant recipients, median age 15 years (5-20), in whom conventional immunosuppression without rATG was successfully discontinued for at least 1 year, were also screened as a reference population. Median time to CD8+CD28- T-suppressor cells analysis was 16 months (2-24) in rATG subjects and 168 months (16-228) in no-immunosuppression subjects. Nine of 16 patients demonstrated the presence of CD8+CD28- T-suppressor cells in the circulation, whereas seven patients did not. CD8+CD28- T-suppressor cells were present in 4/4 children with no immunosuppression, and absent from three of four subjects with acute cellular rejection, all of whom experienced more than one acute cellular rejection episode. In the reduced immunosuppression group (n = 8), four children demonstrated presence of CD8+CD28- T-suppressor cells in the circulation and four did not. The presence of donor-specific T-suppressor cells in the circulation may characterize transplant recipients, in whom graft function can be maintained with minimal or no immunosuppression. Such assays may also permit safe evaluation of prospective immunosuppression withdrawal strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sindhi
- Division of Transplantation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cortesini NSF, Colovai AI, Manavalan JS, Galluzzo S, Naiyer AJ, Liu J, Vlad G, Kim-Schulze S, Scotto L, Fan J, Cortesini R. Role of regulatory and suppressor T-cells in the induction of ILT3+ ILT4+ tolerogenic endothelial cells in organ allografts. Transpl Immunol 2005; 13:73-82. [PMID: 15380537 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2004.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2004] [Accepted: 06/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|