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Rathi K, Shukla M, Hassam M, Shrivastava R, Rawat V, Prakash Verma V. Recent advances in the synthesis and antimalarial activity of 1,2,4-trioxanes. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107043. [PMID: 38134523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The increasing resistance of various malarial parasite strains to drugs has made the production of a new, rapid-acting, and efficient antimalarial drug more necessary, as the demand for such drugs is growing rapidly. As a major global health concern, various methods have been implemented to address the problem of drug resistance, including the hybrid drug concept, combination therapy, the development of analogues of existing medicines, and the use of drug resistance reversal agents. Artemisinin and its derivatives are currently used against multidrug- resistant P. falciparum species. However, due to its natural origin, its use has been limited by its scarcity in natural resources. As a result, finding a substitute becomes more crucial, and the peroxide group in artemisinin, responsible for the drugs biological action in the form of 1,2,4-trioxane, may hold the key to resolving this issue. The literature suggests that 1,2,4-trioxanes have the potential to become an alternative to current malaria drugs, as highlighted in this review. This is why 1,2,4-trioxanes and their derivatives have been synthesized on a large scale worldwide, as they have shown promising antimalarial activity in vivo and in vitro against Plasmodium species. Consequently, the search for a more convenient, environment friendly, sustainable, efficient, and effective synthetic pathway for the synthesis of 1,2,4-trioxanes continues. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the synthesis and mechanism of action of 1,2,4-trioxanes. This systematic review highlights the most recent summaries of derivatives of 1,2,4-trioxane compounds and dimers with potential antimalarial activity from January 1988 to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Monika Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Rahul Shrivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur (Rajasthan), VPO- Dehmi-Kalan, Off Jaipur-Ajmer Express Way, Jaipur, Rajasthan 30300, India
| | - Varun Rawat
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India.
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2
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Shukla M, Rathi K, Hassam M, Yadav DK, Karnatak M, Rawat V, Verma VP. An overview on the antimalarial activity of 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:66-137. [PMID: 37222435 DOI: 10.1002/med.21979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The demand for novel, fast-acting, and effective antimalarial medications is increasing exponentially. Multidrug resistant forms of malarial parasites, which are rapidly spreading, pose a serious threat to global health. Drug resistance has been addressed using a variety of strategies, such as targeted therapies, the hybrid drug idea, the development of advanced analogues of pre-existing drugs, and the hybrid model of resistant strains control mechanisms. Additionally, the demand for discovering new potent drugs grows due to the prolonged life cycle of conventional therapy brought on by the emergence of resistant strains and ongoing changes in existing therapies. The 1,2,4-trioxane ring system in artemisinin (ART) is the most significant endoperoxide structural scaffold and is thought to be the key pharmacophoric moiety required for the pharmacodynamic potential of endoperoxide-based antimalarials. Several derivatives of artemisinin have also been found as potential treatments for multidrug-resistant strain in this area. Many 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes derivatives have been synthesised as a result, and many of these have shown promise antimalarial activity both in vivo and in vitro against Plasmodium parasites. As a consequence, efforts to develop a functionally straight-forward, less expensive, and vastly more effective synthetic pathway to trioxanes continue. This study aims to give a thorough examination of the biological properties and mode of action of endoperoxide compounds derived from 1,2,4-trioxane-based functional scaffolds. The present system of 1,2,4-trioxane, 1,2,4-trioxolane, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane compounds and dimers with potentially antimalarial activity will be highlighted in this systematic review (January 1963-December 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Komal Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammad Hassam
- Department of Chemistry, Chemveda Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manvika Karnatak
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Varun Rawat
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
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3
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Suresh P, Prasanna Kumari S, Krishna Reddy SM, Anthony SP, Thamotharan S, Selva Ganesan S. Radical directed regioselective functionalization of diverse alkene derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02824g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective vicinal difunctionalization of diverse alkene derivatives was successfully carried out using readily available carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithira Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramaniyan Prasanna Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Savarimuthu Philip Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subbiah Thamotharan
- Biomolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramaniapillai Selva Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shaikh MA, Ubale AS, Gnanaprakasam B. Indium Catalyzed Sequential Regioselective Remote C−H Indolylation and Rearrangement Reaction of Peroxyoxindole. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moseen A. Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune 411008 India
| | - Akash S. Ubale
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune 411008 India
| | - Boopathy Gnanaprakasam
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune 411008 India
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Zhang W, Xiang S, Fan W, Jin J, Li Y, Huang D. A three-component iodine-catalyzed oxidative coupling reaction: a heterodifunctionalization of 3-methylindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5794-5799. [PMID: 34109340 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00730k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free method for the synthesis of heterodifunctional indole derivatives is developed through TBHP/KI-mediated oxidative coupling. The reaction constructs C-O and C-C bonds in succession with the help of tert-butyl peroxy radicals generated by the TBHP/KI catalytic system, enabling the direct realization of the heterodifunctionalization of indole in one pot. The product of this reaction is a novel heterodifunctional compound. This work might provide a new effective method for the synthesis of polycyclic indole compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Fujian Normal University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fuzhou 350007, China. and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Shiqun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Weibin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jiang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Deguang Huang
- Fujian Normal University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fuzhou 350007, China. and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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6
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Wang J, Bao X, Wang J, Huo C. Peroxidation of 3,4-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazin-2-ones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3895-3898. [PMID: 32134057 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09778c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The sp3-C-H peroxidation of 3,4-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazin-2-ones was achieved under mild and simple catalyst-free reaction conditions. A range of biologically important alkylated benzoxazinone peroxides are synthesized in high yield with a good functional group tolerance. The C(sp3)-OO bond was constructed efficiently and could be further converted into C(sp3)-C(sp3), C(sp3)-C(sp2), C(sp3)-C(sp), C-P and C[double bond, length as m-dash]O bonds by late-stage functional group transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
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7
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Malli S, Loiseau PM, Bouchemal K. Trichomonas vaginalis Motility Is Blocked by Drug-Free Thermosensitive Hydrogel. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:114-123. [PMID: 31713413 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis motility in biological fluids plays a prominent, but understudied, role in parasite infectivity. In this study, the ability of a thermosensitive hydrogel (pluronic F127) to physically immobilize T. vaginalis was investigated. Blocking parasite motility could prevent its attachment to the mucosa, thus reducing the acquisition of the infection. The trajectory of individual parasites was monitored by multiple particle tracking. Mean square displacement, diffusivity, and velocity were calculated from x, y coordinates during time. Major results are that T. vaginalis exhibited different types of trajectories in a diluted solution composed of lactate buffer similar to "run-and-tumble" motion reported for flagellated bacteria. The fastest T. vaginalis specimen moves with a velocity of 19 μm/s. Observation of T. vaginalis movements showed that the cell body remains rigid during swimming and that the propulsive forces necessary to generate the movement are the result of flagellar beating. Parasite motility was partially slowed down using hydroxyethylcellulose hydrogel, used as a reference for the development of vaginal microbicides, while 100% of T. vaginalis were immobile in F127 hydrogel. Once completed by biological investigations on mice, this report suggests using drug-free formulation composed of F127 as a new strategy to prevent T. vaginalis attachment to the mucosa. The concept will be extended to other flagellated organisms where the motility is driven by cilia and flagella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Malli
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, 5, rue J-B. Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, Junior member of the Institut Universitaire de France, UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, 5, rue J-B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Philippe M. Loiseau
- Antiparasite Chemotherapy PARACHEM, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, 5, rue J-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Kawthar Bouchemal
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, Junior member of the Institut Universitaire de France, UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, 5, rue J-B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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8
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Chaudhari MB, Mohanta N, Pandey AM, Vandana M, Karmodiya K, Gnanaprakasam B. Peroxidation of 2-oxindole and barbituric acid derivatives under batch and continuous flow using an eco-friendly ethyl acetate solvent. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00068b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated the magnetically retrievable Fe(OH)3Fe3O4catalyzed C–H peroxidation of 2-oxindole and barbituric acid derivatives under batch and continuous flow process for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moreshwar B. Chaudhari
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Nirmala Mohanta
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Akanksha M. Pandey
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Madhusoodhanan Vandana
- Department of Biology
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Krishanpal Karmodiya
- Department of Biology
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Boopathy Gnanaprakasam
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune
- Pune 411008
- India
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9
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Malli S, Bories C, Bourge M, Loiseau P, Bouchemal K. Surface-dependent endocytosis of poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles by Trichomonas vaginalis. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:276-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Chaudhari MB, Moorthy S, Patil S, Bisht GS, Mohamed H, Basu S, Gnanaprakasam B. Iron-Catalyzed Batch/Continuous Flow C–H Functionalization Module for the Synthesis of Anticancer Peroxides. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1358-1368. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moreshwar B. Chaudhari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Suresh Moorthy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sohan Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Girish Singh Bisht
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Haneef Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sudipta Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Boopathy Gnanaprakasam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
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11
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Zyad A, Tilaoui M, Jaafari A, Oukerrou MA, Mouse HA. More insights into the pharmacological effects of artemisinin. Phytother Res 2017; 32:216-229. [PMID: 29193409 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin is one of the most widely prescribed drugs against malaria and has recently received increased attention because of its other potential biological effects. The aim of this review is to summarize recent discoveries of the pharmaceutical effects of artemisinin in basic science along with its mechanistic action, as well as the intriguing results of recent clinical studies, with a focus on its antitumor activity. Scientific evidence indicates that artemisinin exerts its biological activity by generating reactive oxygen species that damage the DNA, mitochondrial depolarization, and cell death. In the present article review, scientific evidence suggests that artemisinin is a potential therapeutic agent for various diseases. Thus, this review is expected to encourage interested scientists to conduct further preclinical and clinical studies to evaluate these biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmajid Zyad
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Team of Natural Substances and Cellular and Molecular Immuno-pharmacology, Immuno-biology of Cancer Cells, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Mounir Tilaoui
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Team of Natural Substances and Cellular and Molecular Immuno-pharmacology, Immuno-biology of Cancer Cells, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Abdeslam Jaafari
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Team of Natural Substances and Cellular and Molecular Immuno-pharmacology, Immuno-biology of Cancer Cells, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Moulay Ali Oukerrou
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Team of Natural Substances and Cellular and Molecular Immuno-pharmacology, Immuno-biology of Cancer Cells, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Hassan Ait Mouse
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Team of Natural Substances and Cellular and Molecular Immuno-pharmacology, Immuno-biology of Cancer Cells, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
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12
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Biyogo AM, Curti C, El-Kashef H, Khoumeri O, Terme T, Vanelle P. Mn(OAc)3 catalyzed intermolecular oxidative peroxycyclization of naphthoquinone. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25138b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese(iii) acetate mediated peroxycyclization between 2-hydroxy-3-methylnaphthoquinone and alkenes allowed the synthesis of more than 50 original dihydronaphtho[2,3-c][1,2]dioxine-5,10(3H,10aH)-diones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Meye Biyogo
- Aix-Marseille Université
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- UMR 7273
- Laboratoire de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire
| | - Christophe Curti
- Aix-Marseille Université
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- UMR 7273
- Laboratoire de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire
| | | | - Omar Khoumeri
- Aix-Marseille Université
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- UMR 7273
- Laboratoire de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire
| | - Thierry Terme
- Aix-Marseille Université
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- UMR 7273
- Laboratoire de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Aix-Marseille Université
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- UMR 7273
- Laboratoire de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire
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Kyasa S, Meier R, Pardini RA, Truttmann TK, Kuwata KT, Dussault PH. Synthesis of Ethers via Reaction of Carbanions and Monoperoxyacetals. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12100-14. [PMID: 26560686 PMCID: PMC4687849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although transfer of electrophilic alkoxyl ("RO+") from organic peroxides to organometallics offers a complement to traditional methods for etherification, application has been limited by constraints associated with peroxide reactivity and stability. We now demonstrate that readily prepared tetrahydropyranyl monoperoxyacetals react with sp(3) and sp(2) organolithium and organomagnesium reagents to furnish moderate to high yields of ethers. The method is successfully applied to the synthesis of alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and cyclopropyl ethers, mixed O,O-acetals, and S,S,O-orthoesters. In contrast to reactions of dialkyl and alkyl/silyl peroxides, the displacements of monoperoxyacetals provide no evidence for alkoxy radical intermediates. At the same time, the high yields observed for transfer of primary, secondary, or tertiary alkoxides, the latter involving attack on neopentyl oxygen, are inconsistent with an SN2 mechanism. Theoretical studies suggest a mechanism involving Lewis acid promoted insertion of organometallics into the O-O bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShivaKumar Kyasa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Rebecca
N. Meier
- Department
of Chemistry, Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105, United States
| | - Ruth A. Pardini
- Department
of Chemistry, Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105, United States
| | - Tristan K. Truttmann
- Department
of Chemistry, Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105, United States
| | - Keith T. Kuwata
- Department
of Chemistry, Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105, United States
| | - Patrick H. Dussault
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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14
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Pradines B, Bories C, Vauthier C, Ponchel G, Loiseau PM, Bouchemal K. Drug-Free Chitosan Coated Poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) Nanoparticles Are Active Against Trichomonas vaginalis and Non-Toxic Towards Pig Vaginal Mucosa. Pharm Res 2014; 32:1229-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Terent'ev AO, Borisov DA, Vil’ VA, Dembitsky VM. Synthesis of five- and six-membered cyclic organic peroxides: Key transformations into peroxide ring-retaining products. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:34-114. [PMID: 24454562 PMCID: PMC3896255 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review describes the current status of synthetic five and six-membered cyclic peroxides such as 1,2-dioxolanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes (ozonides), 1,2-dioxanes, 1,2-dioxenes, 1,2,4-trioxanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes. The literature from 2000 onwards is surveyed to provide an update on synthesis of cyclic peroxides. The indicated period of time is, on the whole, characterized by the development of new efficient and scale-up methods for the preparation of these cyclic compounds. It was shown that cyclic peroxides remain unchanged throughout the course of a wide range of fundamental organic reactions. Due to these properties, the molecular structures can be greatly modified to give peroxide ring-retaining products. The chemistry of cyclic peroxides has attracted considerable attention, because these compounds are used in medicine for the design of antimalarial, antihelminthic, and antitumor agents.
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Key Words
- 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes
- 1,2,4-trioxanes
- 1,2,4-trioxolanes
- 1,2-dioxanes
- 1,2-dioxenes
- 1,2-dioxolanes
- cyclic peroxides
- ozonides
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Borisov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vera A Vil’
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Valery M Dembitsky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute for Drug Research, P.O. Box 12065, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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16
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Pomel S, Biot C, Bories C, Loiseau PM. Antiprotozoal activity of ferroquine. Parasitol Res 2012; 112:665-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Thøfner ICN, Liebhart D, Hess M, Schou TW, Hess C, Ivarsen E, Fretté XC, Christensen LP, Grevsen K, Engberg RM, Christensen JP. Antihistomonal effects of artemisinin and Artemisia annua extracts in vitro could not be confirmed by in vivo experiments in turkeys and chickens. Avian Pathol 2012; 41:487-96. [PMID: 22978517 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2012.714459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Five different Artemisia annua-derived materials (i.e. dry leaves, pure artemisinin, and hexane, dichloromethane or methanol extracts of leaves) were screened for their in vitro activities against six clonal cultures of Histomonas meleagridis. Except for the methanol extract, all tested materials displayed in vitro activity against all tested protozoal clones. Neither the dry plant material, extracts nor artemisinin showed any antibacterial activity against the xenic bacteria accompanying the six H. meleagridis clones at concentration levels identical to the antihistomonal setting. The dichloromethane extract of dry leaves (Ext-DCM) (minimal lethal concentration=1.0 mg/ml) and artemisinin (half-maximal inhibitory concentration=1.295 mg/ml) had the most promising antihistomonal properties and were therefore subsequently tested in a standardized experimental infection model in both turkeys and chickens infected with clonal H. meleagridis. There were no differences between treatment groups, where all infected turkeys showed severe clinical histomonosis and demonstrated severe typhlohepatitis typical for histomonosis. Consistent with the infection model used, the infected chickens did not show any adverse clinical signs but contracted severe lesions in their caeca 7 and 10 days post infection (d.p.i.), liver lesions were absent to mild after 7 d.p.i. and progressed to severe lesions at 10 d.p.i.; thus no differences between treatment groups were observed. In conclusion, neither artemisinin nor Ext-DCM was able to prevent experimental histomonosis in turkeys and chickens at the given concentrations, which is contrary to the antihistomonal effect noticed in vitro even though the same clonal culture was used. The results of this study therefore clearly demonstrate the importance of defined in vivo experimentation in order to assess and verify in vitro results.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C N Thøfner
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Cheikh-Ali Z, Adiko M, Bouttier S, Bories C, Okpekon T, Poupon E, Champy P. Composition, and Antimicrobial and Remarkable Antiprotozoal Activities of the Essential Oil of Rhizomes of Aframomum sceptrum K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae). Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:658-67. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Amewu R, Gibbons P, Mukhtar A, Stachulski AV, Ward SA, Hall C, Rimmer K, Davies J, Vivas L, Bacsa J, Mercer AE, Nixon G, Stocks PA, O'Neill PM. Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo antimalarial assessment of sulfide, sulfone and vinyl amide-substituted 1,2,4-trioxanes prepared via thiol-olefin co-oxygenation (TOCO) of allylic alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2068-77. [DOI: 10.1039/b924319d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Ruef C. Klinische Bedeutung der Antibiotikaresistenz in Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 45:19-27. [PMID: 15644637 DOI: 10.1159/000081713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance of microorganisms that cause infections of the urogenital tract is a clinically relevant problem in obstetrics and gynecology. Due to methodological difficulties, resistance testing is rarely used for the management of these infections. Therefore, solid epidemiological data on resistance rates of most involved pathogens are scarce. Antibiotic resistance of several microorganisms appears to be increasing in various areas of the world, mainly Trichomonas vaginalis and Gardnerella vaginalis (metronidazole),Streptococcus agalactiae (macrolides, clindamycin), Mycoplasma hominis (tetracyclines, intrinsically macrolide resistant). In addition,isolated cases of clinical infections caused by multi-resistant Chlamydia trachomatis have been reported. The presence of antibiotic resistance should therefore be considered in patients with an unfavorable course despite adequate antibiotic therapy. In light of the growing problem of antibiotic resistance and the large gaps in our knowledge in this particular area, research efforts in the field of anti-biotic resistance in gynecological infections should be markedly intensified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ruef
- Abteilung Infektionskrankheiten und Spitalhygiene, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz.
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Dunne RL, Dunn LA, Upcroft P, O'Donoghue PJ, Upcroft JA. Drug resistance in the sexually transmitted protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. Cell Res 2003; 13:239-49. [PMID: 12974614 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cr.7290169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomoniasis is the most common, sexually transmitted infection. It is caused by the flagellated protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Symptoms include vaginitis and infections have been associated with preterm delivery, low birth weight and increased infant mortality, as well as predisposing to HIV/AIDS and cervical cancer. Trichomoniasis has the highest prevalence and incidence of any sexually transmitted infection. The 5-nitroimidazole drugs, of which metronidazole is the most prescribed, are the only approved, effective drugs to treat trichomoniasis. Resistance against metronidazole is frequently reported and cross-resistance among the family of 5-nitroimidazole drugs is common, leaving no alternative for treatment, with some cases remaining unresolved. The mechanism of metronidazole resistance in T. vaginalis from treatment failures is not well understood, unlike resistance which is developed in the laboratory under increasing metronidazole pressure. In the latter situation, hydrogenosomal function which is involved in activation of the prodrug, metronidazole, is down-regulated. Reversion to sensitivity is incomplete after removal of drug pressure in the highly resistant parasites while clinically resistant strains, so far analysed, maintain their resistance levels in the absence of drug pressure. Although anaerobic resistance has been regarded as a laboratory induced phenomenon, it clearly has been demonstrated in clinical isolates. Pursuit of both approaches will allow dissection of the underlying mechanisms. Many alternative drugs and treatments have been tested in vivo in cases of refractory trichomoniasis, as well as in vitro with some successes including the broad spectrum anti-parasitic drug nitazoxanide. Drug resistance incidence in T. vaginalis appears to be on the increase and improved surveillance of treatment failures is urged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Dunne
- The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, The Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
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Cointeaux L, Berrien JF, Peyrou V, Provot O, Ciceron L, Danis M, Robert A, Meunier B, Mayrargue J. Synthesis and antimalarial activity of 2-methoxyprop-2-yl peroxides derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:75-7. [PMID: 12467620 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-Methoxyprop-2-yl peroxides were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum. These acyclic artemisinin-related peroxides revealed moderate to good activity but were devoid of alkylating property towards the synthetic model of heme Mn(II)-TPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Cointeaux
- UPRES A 8076 BioCIS, Laboratoire de synthèse et conception des molécules d'intérêt thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, rue J.-B. Clément, F-92296 Châtenay Malabry Cedex, France
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Cointeaux L, Berrien JF, Camuzat-Dedenis B, Peyrou V, Provot O, Bories C, Loiseau PM, Mayrargue J. Synthesis and trichomonacidal activity of perketals and hydroperoxides. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2002; 57:457-62. [PMID: 12088060 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(02)01238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Some perketals were synthesized by the Dussault procedure using simple bromides and 2-methoxyprop-2-yl hydroperoxide. Treatment with acetic acid gave the corresponding hydroperoxides. Both perketals and hydroperoxides were tested in vitro as trichomonacidal agents. Most of them exhibited very good activities. The most powerful compound was 2-methoxyprop-2-yl hexadec-l-yl peroxide which exhibited an IC50 value of 0.51 microM being 10 times more effective than the reference compound Metronidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cointeaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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