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Snider JM, You JK, Wang X, Snider AJ, Hallmark B, Zec MM, Seeds MC, Sergeant S, Johnstone L, Wang Q, Sprissler R, Carr TF, Lutrick K, Parthasarathy S, Bime C, Zhang HH, Luberto C, Kew RR, Hannun YA, Guerra S, McCall CE, Yao G, Del Poeta M, Chilton FH. Group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 is associated with the pathobiology leading to COVID-19 mortality. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e149236. [PMID: 34428181 PMCID: PMC8483752 DOI: 10.1172/jci149236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for severe COVID-19 that results in death. We initially performed both untargeted and targeted lipidomics as well as focused biochemical analyses of 127 plasma samples and found elevated metabolites associated with secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) activity and mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with severe COVID-19. Deceased COVID-19 patients had higher levels of circulating, catalytically active sPLA2 group IIA (sPLA2-IIA), with a median value that was 9.6-fold higher than that for patients with mild disease and 5.0-fold higher than the median value for survivors of severe COVID-19. Elevated sPLA2-IIA levels paralleled several indices of COVID-19 disease severity (e.g., kidney dysfunction, hypoxia, multiple organ dysfunction). A decision tree generated by machine learning identified sPLA2-IIA levels as a central node in the stratification of patients who died from COVID-19. Random forest analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-based (LASSO-based) regression analysis additionally identified sPLA2-IIA and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as the key variables among 80 clinical indices in predicting COVID-19 mortality. The combined PLA-BUN index performed significantly better than did either one alone. An independent cohort (n = 154) confirmed higher plasma sPLA2-IIA levels in deceased patients compared with levels in plasma from patients with severe or mild COVID-19, with the PLA-BUN index-based decision tree satisfactorily stratifying patients with mild, severe, or fatal COVID-19. With clinically tested inhibitors available, this study identifies sPLA2-IIA as a therapeutic target to reduce COVID-19 mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Snider
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jeehyun Karen You
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and
| | - Ashley J. Snider
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Brian Hallmark
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Manja M. Zec
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Susan Sergeant
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Qiuming Wang
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ryan Sprissler
- Center for Applied Genetics and Genomic Medicine
- Department of Health Sciences
| | | | - Karen Lutrick
- Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine – Tucson
| | | | - Christian Bime
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | - Hao Helen Zhang
- Department of Mathematics, and
- Statistics Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Chiara Luberto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Richard R. Kew
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology
| | - Yusuf A. Hannun
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | | | - Charles E. McCall
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology and Translational Sciences Institute, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Guang Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Floyd H. Chilton
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Eick C, Klinger-König J, Zylla S, Hannemann A, Budde K, Henning AK, Pietzner M, Nauck M, Völzke H, Grabe HJ, Hertel J. Broad Metabolome Alterations Associated with the Intake of Oral Contraceptives Are Mediated by Cortisol in Premenopausal Women. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040193. [PMID: 33805221 PMCID: PMC8064380 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of oral contraceptives (OCs) has been associated with elevated blood cortisol concentrations. However, metabolic downstream effects of OC intake are not well described. Here, we aimed to determine if the blood metabolome is associated with the use of OCs and to estimate if these associations might be statistically mediated by serum cortisol concentrations. Plasma metabolites measured with the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ p180 Kit and serum cortisol concentrations measured by an immunoassay were determined in 391 premenopausal women (116 OC users) participating in two independent cohorts of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). After correction for multiple testing, 27 metabolites were significantly associated with OC intake in SHIP-TREND (discovery cohort), of which 25 replicated in SHIP-2. Inter alia, associated metabolites included 12 out of 38 phosphatidylcholines with diacyl residue, 7 out of 14 lysophosphatidylcholines and 5 out of 21 amino acids. The associations with phosphatidylcholines were statistically mediated by cortisol, whereas lysophosphatidylcholines showed no mediation effect. The results represent a step toward a better understanding of the metabolic consequences of OC intake. Connecting cortisol with metabolic consequences of OC intake could help to understand the mechanisms underlying adverse effects. The blood metabolome may serve as a biomarker for identifying users at high risk for developing such adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Eick
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.E.); (H.J.G.); or (J.H.)
| | - Johanna Klinger-König
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.E.); (H.J.G.); or (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-3834-86-22166
| | - Stephanie Zylla
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.Z.); (A.H.); (K.B.); (A.K.H.); (M.P.); (M.N.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Anke Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.Z.); (A.H.); (K.B.); (A.K.H.); (M.P.); (M.N.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Kathrin Budde
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.Z.); (A.H.); (K.B.); (A.K.H.); (M.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Ann Kristin Henning
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.Z.); (A.H.); (K.B.); (A.K.H.); (M.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Maik Pietzner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.Z.); (A.H.); (K.B.); (A.K.H.); (M.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.Z.); (A.H.); (K.B.); (A.K.H.); (M.P.); (M.N.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany;
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.E.); (H.J.G.); or (J.H.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johannes Hertel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.E.); (H.J.G.); or (J.H.)
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
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Tang R, Li W, Zhu D, Shang X, Guo X, Zhang L. Raging elephants: effects of human disturbance on physiological stress and reproductive potential in wild Asian elephants. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 8:coz106. [PMID: 32010447 PMCID: PMC6985900 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human disturbance has become a widespread threat to wildlife viability. The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), an endangered and disturbance-prone species, is under severe threat from habitat loss and fragmentation, human-elephant conflict and poaching. Establishing connections between human disturbance, stress responses and reproduction is crucial for assessing the long-term survivability of a species and will provide critical information for conservation management. The current study investigated the effects of human disturbance on population-level stress responses and stress-related effects on reproductive potential of wild Asian elephants in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, China. We used a radioimmunoassay to measure the concentration of fecal cortisol and estradiol in 257 samples collected from five local populations at 15 sites over 4 years. Human disturbance in Xishuangbanna was quantified based on the Ecological-Niche Factor Analysis model. We found that fecal cortisol concentrations were strongly positively correlated with the degree of human disturbance and increased markedly with the expansion of tea plantations. Percentage of non-stressed individuals in a population was higher depending on the extend of undisturbed area in their home ranges. Fecal estradiol concentrations decreased significantly with increasing stress levels. Our results suggest that human disturbance poses environmental challenges to wild Asian elephant populations, and chronic exposure to human disturbance could lead to population decline. The study demonstrates the efficacy of non-invasive endocrine monitoring for further informing management decisions and developing conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchun Tang
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Di Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaotong Shang
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xianming Guo
- Research Institute of Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Tetsuka M, Tanakadate M. Activation of HSD11B1 in the bovine cumulus-oocyte complex during IVM and IVF. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:1029-1039. [PMID: 31252401 PMCID: PMC6652248 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The bovine cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) is capable of converting cortisone, an inert glucocorticoid to active cortisol. This mechanism is mediated by 11β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase type 1 (HSD11B1), whose expression dramatically increases in the mature COC. In this study, we investigate the time course expression of HSD11B1 and the enzyme activity in the bovine COC undergoing maturation and fertilization in relation to key events taking place in the COC. Bovine COCs were subjected to in vitro maturation (IVM) and fertilization (IVF). The activities of HSD11B1 and HSD11B2, which mediates the opposite reaction, were measured using a radiometric conversion assay. In parallel studies, cumulus expansion, P4 production and the expression of genes associated with ovulation were measured. The reductive activity of HSD11B1 increased in the latter half of IVM and remained high during IVF, whereas the oxidative activity of HSD11B2 remained unchanged over both periods. Consequently, the net glucocorticoid metabolism in the bovine COC shifted from inactivation to activation around the time of ovulation and fertilization. The increase in HSD11B1 expression lagged behind that of P4 increase and cumulus expansion but ahead of the expressions of genes responsible for PGE2 synthesis. The reductive activity of HSD11B1 was well correlated with the cumulus expansion rate. This outcome indicates that the ability of the cumulus to activate glucocorticoids is related to its ability to synthesize hyaluronan. These results also indicate that the activation of HSD11B1 is an integral part of the sequential events taking place at the ovulation and fertilization in the bovine COC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Tetsuka
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Tetsuka:
| | - Misato Tanakadate
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
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5
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Wang W, Chen ZJ, Myatt L, Sun K. 11β-HSD1 in Human Fetal Membranes as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Preterm Birth. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:241-260. [PMID: 29385440 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human parturition is a complex process involving interactions between the myometrium and signals derived from the placenta, fetal membranes, and fetus. Signals originating from fetal membranes are crucial components that trigger parturition, which is clearly illustrated by the labor-initiating consequence of membrane rupture. It has been recognized for a long time that among fetal tissues in late gestation the fetal membranes possess the highest capacity for cortisol regeneration by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1). However, the exact role of this unique feature remains a mystery. Accumulating evidence indicates that this extra-adrenal source of cortisol may serve as an upstream signal for critical events in human parturition, including enhanced prostaglandin and estrogen synthesis as well as extracellular matrix remodeling. This may explain why such high capacity for cortisol regeneration develops in human fetal membranes at late gestation. Therefore, inhibition of 11β-HSD1 may provide a potential therapeutic target for prevention of preterm birth. This review summarizes the current understanding of the functional role of cortisol regeneration by 11β-HSD1 in human fetal membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangsheng Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Leslie Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kang Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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The influence of azaperone treatment at weaning on reproductive function in sows: ovarian activity and endocrine profiles during the weaning-to-ovulation interval. Animal 2018; 12:2089-2097. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117003755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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7
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Hułas-Stasiak M, Dobrowolski P, Pawlikowska-Pawlęga B, Tomaszewska E, Muszyński S. The effects of dexamethasone administered during pregnancy on the postpartum spiny mouse ovary. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183528. [PMID: 28827819 PMCID: PMC5565181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive exposure to glucocorticoids can alter ovarian function by modulating oogenesis, folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) administered during pregnancy on folliculogenesis and corpus luteum development in the postpartum spiny mouse ovary. DEX (125 μg kg-1 body weight per day) was applied to pregnant spiny mouse from day 20 of gestation to parturition. The obtained ovaries were fixed and used for immunohistochemistry and TEM analysis. The expression of proteins related to apoptosis (caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2) and autophagy (Beclin1, Lamp1) as well as PCNA and GR receptors were evaluated by western-blot. In comparison with DEX-treated group a higher percentage of TUNEL positive granulosa and luteal cells was observed in the control group. These data were consistent with changes in caspase-3 and Bax expression, which increased in the control and decreased after DEX exposure. In turn, the proliferation index and PCNA expression were higher in the DEX-treated group. Moreover, the higher level of Beclin1, Lamp1, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and GR was observed in the DEX-treated females than in the control group. Beclin1 and Lamp1 were strongly expressed in luteal cells which exhibited an autophagic ultrastructure. Surprisingly, DEX augmented the number of ovarian follicles and corpora lutea, which resulted in a significant increase in ovarian weight. These findings suggest that DEX exerts anti-apoptotic action on granulosa layer and stimulates follicular maturation. Moreover, DEX induces autophagy in luteal cells promoting cell survival rather than cell death, which can prolong the corpus luteum life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Hułas-Stasiak
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
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Tetsuka M, Takagi R, Ambo N, Myat TS, Zempo Y, Onuma A. Glucocorticoid metabolism in the bovine cumulus-oocyte complex matured in vitro. Reproduction 2015; 151:73-82. [PMID: 26519454 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid action in target organs is regulated by relative activities of 11β-HSD type 1 (HSD11B1) that mainly converts cortisone to active cortisol and type 2 (HSD11B2) that inactivates cortisol to cortisone. HSD11Bs have been shown to be expressed in the ovary of various species. However, little is known about the expression and activity of HSD11Bs in the bovine cumulus-oocyte complex (COC). In the present study, we investigated the expression and activities of HSD11Bs in in vitro-matured (IVM) bovine COCs. Bovine COCs were matured in M199 supplemented with or without FSH and FCS. The expression of HSD11B1 and HSD11B2 was measured by using quantitative RT-PCR in denuded oocytes (DO) and cumulus cells (CC). Reductive and oxidative activities of HSD11Bs were determined by radiometric conversion assay using labeled cortisol, cortisone or dexamethasone in intact COCs, DO or CC in the presence or absence of 11-keto-progesterone (11kP), a selective inhibitor of HSD11B2. The presence of HSD11Bs in the oocyte was examined by immunofluorescence microscopy. Oocytes exclusively expressed HSD11B2 and its expression and activity were largely unchanged during IVM. CC, on the other hand, exclusively expressed HSD11B1 and its expression and activity were upregulated as IVM progressed. As a result, the net glucocorticoid metabolism shifted from inactivation to activation towards the end of IVM. These results indicate that the bovine COC is capable of modulating local glucocorticoid concentration and, by doing so, may create an environment that is favorable to ovulating oocyte for maturation, fertilization and subsequent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Tetsuka
- Department of Life Science and AgricultureObihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ryo Takagi
- Department of Life Science and AgricultureObihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ambo
- Department of Life Science and AgricultureObihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Thet Su Myat
- Department of Life Science and AgricultureObihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yuta Zempo
- Department of Life Science and AgricultureObihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Asuka Onuma
- Department of Life Science and AgricultureObihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Yuan XH, Yang BQ, Hu Y, Fan YY, Zhang LX, Zhou JC, Wang YQ, Lu CL, Ma X. Dexamethasone altered steroidogenesis and changed redox status of granulosa cells. Endocrine 2014; 47:639-47. [PMID: 24723257 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have been widely used in clinical application for anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive function. Previous study reported that glucocorticoids adversely affect the reproductive system and can directly act on ovary. Here, we found that progesterone production induced by dexamethasone requiring activation of caspase-3 which may mediate differentiation and apoptosis of granulosa cells. Further study displayed that cellular glutathione level was increased and reactive oxygen species was decreased accompanied with unchanged mitochondrial membrane potential which may contribute to the maintenance of steroidogenesis in granulosa cells treated with dexamethasone. Dexamethasone also augmented the level of anti-Müllerian hormone secreted by preovulatory granulosa cells which indicated that dexamethasone may promote preantral follicles development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Yuan
- Maternity Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
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Amweg AN, Salvetti NR, Stangaferro ML, Paredes AH, Lara HH, Rodríguez FM, Ortega HH. Ovarian localization of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD): effects of ACTH stimulation and its relationship with bovine cystic ovarian disease. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2013; 45:126-40. [PMID: 23972491 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is an important cause of infertility in cattle, and ACTH has been involved in regulatory mechanisms related to ovarian function associated with ovulation, steroidogenesis, and luteal function. Here, we examined the localization of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) and 11βHSD2 proteins in the ovary of healthy cows and animals with spontaneous and ACTH-induced COD and the in vitro response of the follicular wall exposed to ACTH. After stimulation by ACTH, we documented changes in 11βHSD expression and cortisol secretion by the follicular wall of large antral and follicular cysts. Follicular cysts showed a higher constitutive expression of both enzymes, whereas ACTH induced an increase in 11βHSD1 in tertiary follicles and follicular cysts and a decrease in 11βHSD2 in follicular cysts. Moderate expression of 11βHSD1 was observed by immunohistochemistry in granulosa of control animals, with an increase (P < 0.05) from primary to secondary, tertiary, and atretic follicles. The level of immunostaining in theca interna was lower than that in granulosa. The expression of 11βHSD2 was lower in the granulosa of primary follicles than in that of secondary, tertiary, and atretic follicles and was lower in the theca interna than in the granulosa. In ACTH-induced and spontaneously occurring follicular cysts, differences from controls were observed only in the expression of 11βHSD1 in the granulosa, being higher (P < 0.05) than in tertiary follicles. These findings indicate that follicular cysts may be exposed to high local concentrations of active glucocorticoids and indicate a local role for cortisol in COD pathogenesis and in regulatory mechanisms of ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Amweg
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, (CONICET), Argentina
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Guo C, Li J, Myatt L, Zhu X, Sun K. Induction of Galphas contributes to the paradoxical stimulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha expression by cortisol in human amnion fibroblasts. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 24:1052-61. [PMID: 20203101 DOI: 10.1210/me.2009-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic phospholipase A (cPLA(2alpha)) catalyzes the formation of arachidonic acid in prostaglandin synthesis. In contrast to the well-described down-regulation of cPLA(2alpha), up-regulation of cPLA(2alpha) by glucocorticoids has been reported in human amnion fibroblasts, which may play a key role in parturition. The mechanisms underlying this paradoxical induction of cPLA(2alpha) by glucocorticoids remain largely unknown. Using cultured human amnion fibroblasts, we found that the induction of cPLA(2alpha) by cortisol required ongoing transcription and synthesis of at least one other protein. The induction of cPLA(2alpha) by cortisol was abolished by mutagenesis of a glucocorticoid response element (GRE) in the promoter. The same GRE was found mediating the classical inhibition of cPLA(2alpha) expression by cortisol in human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1). Cortisol increased Galpha(s) expression in amnion fibroblasts but not in HFL-1 cells. Inhibition of Galpha(s) with NF449 attenuated the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein-1 (CREB-1) and the induction of cPLA(2alpha) by cortisol in amnion fibroblasts. Both glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and CREB-1 were found bound to the GRE upon cortisol stimulation of amnion fibroblasts. The induction of cPLA(2alpha) by cortisol was blocked by GR antagonist RU486 or protein kinase A inhibitor H89 or dominant-negative CREB-1. In conclusion, cortisol activates the cAMP/protein kinase A/CREB-1 pathway via Galpha(s) induction, and the phosphorylated CREB-1 interacts with GR at the GRE to promote cPLA(2alpha) expression in amnion fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Sakumoto R, Ito S, Okuda K. Changes in expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1, type-2 and glucocorticoid receptor mRNAs in porcine corpus luteum during the estrous cycle. Mol Reprod Dev 2008; 75:925-30. [PMID: 18033680 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine whether glucocorticoid (GC) and its receptor (GC-R) are expressed in the porcine corpus luteum (CL), and whether GC influences porcine luteal hormone production. The gene expressions of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11-HSD1), type 2 (11-HSD2), GC-R, and the concentrations of GC were determined in the CL of Chinese Meishan pigs during the estrous cycle. Moreover, the effects of GC on progesterone (P(4)), estradiol-17beta (E(2)), and prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha secretion by cultured luteal cells were investigated. Messenger RNAs of the 11-HSD1, 11-HSD2, and GC-R were clearly expressed in the CL throughout the estrous cycle. The 11-HSD1 mRNA level in the CL was higher at the regressed stage than at the other stages (P < 0.05), whereas 11-HSD2 mRNA was lower at the regressed stage than at the other stages (P < 0.05). GC-R mRNA level was higher at the regressed stages than at the other stages (P < 0.01). Concentrations of GC were lower in the regressed CL than in the other stages (P < 0.01). When the cultured luteal cells obtained from mid-stage CL (Days 8-11) were exposed to GC (50-5,000 ng/ml), P(4) and PGF2alpha secretion by the cells were reduced (P < 0.05), whereas GC had no effect on E(2) secretion by the cells. The overall results suggest that GC is regulated locally by 11-HSD1 and 11-HSD2 in the porcine CL. GC inhibits P(4) and PGF2alpha production from luteal cells via their specific receptors, implying GC plays some roles in regulating porcine CL function throughout the estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sakumoto
- Reproductive Biology Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Acosta TJ, Tetsuka M, Matsui M, Shimizu T, Berisha B, Schams D, Miyamoto A. In Vivo Evidence that Local Cortisol Production Increases in the Preovulatory Follicle of the Cow. J Reprod Dev 2005; 51:483-9. [PMID: 15947453 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.17018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present in vivo study was to monitor real-time fluctuations of cortisol (Cr) in the wall of preovulatory follicles using a microdialysis system (MDS) implanted in the theca layer as well as changes in ovarian venous plasma (OVP) and jugular venous plasma (JVP). Seven cows were superovulated using FSH and prostaglandin F2alpha injections. Dialysis capillary membranes were surgically implanted into the theca layer of mature follicles and connected to a microdialysis system. Fractions of the perfusates were collected from Day -1 (Day 0=LH surge) to Day 3. No difference in the concentrations of Cr between JVP and OVP was detected throughout the experiment. Circulating concentrations of Cr ranged from 20 to 35 ng/ml 8 h after surgery in ovulatory and anovulatory cows. In five ovulatory cows, the Cr concentration decreased to basal levels (<10 ng/ml) between 12 and 24 h after surgery, however, two anovulatory cows retained high Cr levels (>10 ng/ml) up to 42 h after surgery. There was a clear increase in the local concentration of Cr from 13.3+/-2.1 pg/ml at -24 h to 27.5+/-1.7 pg/ml at 0 h (peak of the LH surge) within the wall of ovulatory follicles. This increase was not detected in anovulatory follicles. This transient increase in Cr occurred only in the follicle wall, but not in the OVP or JVP, indicating that the presence of a local regulatory mechanism for Cr production/conversion in ovulatory follicles, and this mechanism may modulate the inflammatory-like reaction induced by LH surge in the follicle wall. The present results demonstrate that the glucocorticoid environment in the follicular wall adjusts at the local level in bovine ovulatory follicles. This mechanism may protect follicles from the adverse effects of glucocorticoid, and it may prevent excess inflammatory reactions associated with ovulation by temporarily increasing local concentrations of glucocorticoid, thus forming an integral part of the regulatory mechanism in ovarian physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas J Acosta
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Japan
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Sun K, Ma R, Cui X, Campos B, Webster R, Brockman D, Myatt L. Glucocorticoids induce cytosolic phospholipase A2 and prostaglandin H synthase type 2 but not microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) and cytosolic PGES expression in cultured primary human amnion cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:5564-71. [PMID: 14602805 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-030875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the regulation of major enzymes in prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) synthesis by glucocorticoids in separate cultures of human amnion epithelial and fibroblast cells at term. Cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)), cytosolic PGES (cPGES), and microsomal PGES (mPGES) mRNA were expressed at similar levels in both cell types, whereas a greater prostaglandin H synthase type 2 (PGHS-2) mRNA expression was observed in amnion fibroblasts than in epithelial cells. Amnion fibroblasts produced 50-fold more PGE(2) per cell than epithelial cells. Dexamethasone (0.01-1 microM) increased PGE(2) production in amnion fibroblasts in a concentration-dependent manner but did not affect PGE(2) production in amnion epithelial cells. Both mRNA and protein expression of cPLA(2) and PGHS-2 but not cPGES and mPGES were increased in a dose-dependent manner by dexamethasone (0.01-1 microM) in amnion fibroblasts. Induction of cPLA(2) and PGHS-2 mRNA by dexamethasone was blocked by RU486. Dexamethasone did not affect PGHS-2, cPGES, and mPGES mRNA expression in amnion epithelial cells. In conclusion, amnion fibroblasts express a higher level of PGHS-2 mRNA and produced more PGE(2) per cell than amnion epithelial cells at term of human pregnancy. Glucocorticoids increase PGE(2) production only in the amnion fibroblasts mainly through induction of cPLA(2) and PGHS-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Sun
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Mizuyachi K, Son DS, Rozman KK, Terranova PF. Alteration in ovarian gene expression in response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: reduction of cyclooxygenase-2 in the blockage of ovulation. Reprod Toxicol 2002; 16:299-307. [PMID: 12128104 DOI: 10.1016/s0890-6238(02)00024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a reproductive toxicant and endocrine disrupter that is known to block ovulation. This study was designed to investigate alterations in relevant ovarian genes that may be involved in the blockage of ovulation by TCDD in immature intact rats primed with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). In this ovulation model, rats were given either 32 microg/kg TCDD or corn oil by gavage on 25 days of age. The next day, eCG (5 IU) was injected subcutaneously (s.c.) to stimulate follicular development. Ovulation occurs 72 h after administration of eCG in controls of this model. TCDD blocked ovulation at the expected time and also reduced both ovarian and body weights. At 72 h after eCG (the morning after expected ovulation), TCDD did not alter significantly serum concentrations of progesterone (P4) and androstenedione (A4). However, estradiol (E2) was significantly higher at 72 h after eCG in TCDD-treated rats when compared with controls. Western blots revealed that ovarian CYP1A1 was induced by TCDD. In addition, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT) were down- and up-regulated by TCDD, respectively, indicating that AhR-mediated signal transduction was altered in the ovary. Ovarian estrogen receptor (ER)alpha, ER beta and progesterone receptor (PR) were not altered significantly by TCDD, but ovarian glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was increased at 24h after TCDD and decreased at 72 h after eCG when compared with controls. TCDD induced the early appearance of ovarian plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-2 (PAI-2), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) at 24h after dosing when compared with controls. On the morning after ovulation (72 h after eCG), no significant differences between control and TCDD-treated rats were observed except that TCDD had still increased tPA and decreased PAI-2 when compared with controls. Interestingly, ovarian COX-2 was induced on the morning after ovulation (72 h after eCG) in controls, but was greatly inhibited in TCDD-treated rats at that time. On the other hand, COX-1 was constitutively expressed throughout the ovulatory period and remained unaffected by TCDD. Immunolocalization of COX-2 in the ovary revealed that TCDD inhibited COX-2 expression in the granulosa cell layer when assessed in the morning of expected ovulation. In conclusion, AhR signaling is activated in the ovary by TCDD and inhibition of COX-2 appeared to be a critical step in the TCDD blockage of ovulation because blockage or reduction of COX-2 expression is well known to be associated with failure of ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Mizuyachi
- Center of Reproductive Sciences and Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160-7417, USA
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Khiat A, Yared Z, Bard C, Lacroix A, Boulanger Y. Long-term brain metabolic alterations in exogenous Cushing's syndrome as monitored by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Brain Res 2001; 911:134-40. [PMID: 11511380 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of exogenous Cushing's syndrome on the brain metabolism were investigated by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Thirteen patients having been treated for 2 to 22 years with prednisone were recruited. On the average, none of the metabolites (NAA, Cr, Cho and mI) were significantly different from those of 40 normal subjects in any of the three regions studied: frontal area, thalamus and temporal area. However, the Cho/H(2)O ratios were found to decrease significantly in the thalamic area as a function of treatment period (-1.3%/year). In the frontal and temporal areas, decreases of the Cho/H(2)O ratios were measured with treatment period but they did not reach statistical significance. Effects on Cho levels can be related to those observed for patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome and suggest an impairment at the membrane level. The Cho/H(2)O reductions were not found to be dose- or age-dependent. Other metabolite ratios did not vary with treatment period, dose or age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khiat
- Département de radiologie, Hôpital Saint-Luc du CHUM, 1058 St-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 3J4
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KURUSU S, SAKAGUCHI S, KAWAMINAMI M, HASHIMOTO I. Dexamethasone and Indomethacin Inhibition of Structural Luteolysis in Rats: An Intraluteal Mechanism Involving Prolonged Activation of Phospholipase A2 Activity and Prostaglandin Synthesis May Facilitate the Luteolytic Process. J Reprod Dev 2001. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.47.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiro KURUSU
- Laboratory of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences
| | - Shinya SAKAGUCHI
- Laboratory of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences
| | - Mitsumori KAWAMINAMI
- Laboratory of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences
| | - Inoru HASHIMOTO
- Laboratory of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences
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Boulanger Y, Labelle M, Khiat A. Role of phospholipase A(2) on the variations of the choline signal intensity observed by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in brain diseases. BRAIN RESEARCH. BRAIN RESEARCH REVIEWS 2000; 33:380-9. [PMID: 11011072 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0173(00)00037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase A(2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane glycerophospholipids leading to the production of metabolites observable by both 1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The signal of choline-containing compounds (Cho) observed by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy is constituted of metabolites of phosphatidylcholine, especially phosphocholine (PCho) and glycerophosphocholine (GPCho). The phosphomonoester (PME) and phosphodiester (PDE) signals observed by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy are, respectively, precursors and catabolites of phospholipids. A large number of brain diseases have been reported to cause variations in the intensity of the Cho, PME and PDE signals. Changes in the activity of phospholipase A(2) have been measured in many brain diseases. In this review, the relationships between the results of 1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the phospholipase A(2) assays are analyzed. In many brain diseases, the variation in the Cho signal intensity can be correlated with a stimulation or inhibition of the phospholipase A(2) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Boulanger
- Département de radiologie, Hôpital Saint-Luc, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 1058 St-Denis, Québec, H2X 3J4, Montréal, Canada.
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Khiat A, Bard C, Lacroix A, Boulanger Y. Recovery of the brain choline level in treated Cushing's patients as monitored by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Brain Res 2000; 862:301-7. [PMID: 10799704 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study from our group [A. Khiat, C. Bard, A. Lacroix, J. Rousseau, Y. Boulanger, Brain metabolic alterations in Cushing's syndrome as monitored by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, NMR Biomed. 12 (1999) 357-363], proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) was used to evaluate changes in cerebral metabolites in patients with Cushing's syndrome as compared to normal subjects. Data recorded in the frontal, thalamic and temporal areas demonstrated statistically significant decreases of the Cho/Cr ratios in the frontal and thalamic areas but not in the temporal area for Cushing's syndrome patients. No statistically significant changes in the NAA/Cr ratios were measured in any of the areas studied. In this follow-up study, MRS data are reported for ten patients after correction of hypercortisolism which demonstrate a statistically significant recovery of the choline levels in the frontal and thalamic areas. No variation in the NAA, Cr and mI metabolite ratios relative to H(2)O could be measured. Results are interpreted as an inhibition of the phosphatidylcholine degrading phospholipases by glucocorticoids which disappears after correction of hypercortisolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khiat
- Département de radiologie, Hôpital Saint-Luc du CHUM, 1058 St-Denis, Montréal, Canada
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Lecci A, Meini S, Patacchini R, Tramontana M, Giuliani S, Criscuoli M, Maggi CA. Effect of dexamethasone on cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in rats: lack of relation with bradykinin B1 receptor-mediated motor responses. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 369:99-106. [PMID: 10204687 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of bradykinin B receptors in inducing urinary bladder contraction and maintaining bladder compliance in anaesthetized rats following cyclophosphamide-induced bladder inflammation and the influence of dexamethasone treatment on these responses. In the group treated with cyclophosphamide the amplitude of the contraction induced by the selective bradykinin B1 receptor agonist des-Arg9-bradykinin was larger than that in controls and dexamethasone prevented the up-regulation of this response induced by inflammation. The specific binding of [3H]des-Arg10-kallidin to bladder membranes was only detected in cyclophosphamide-treated rats: this binding was prevented by dexamethasone pretreatment. The bladder contraction induced by des-Arg9-bradykinin in cyclophosphamide-treated rats was antagonized by the bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist des-Arg9-D-Arg-[Hyp3,Thi5,D-Tic7,Oic8]bradykinin (des-Arg10-Hoe 140). Cyclophosphamide treatment increased the bladder weight and dexamethasone reversed this effect. Bladder compliance was decreased in the bladder inflammation group and this effect was partially reversed by dexamethasone pretreatment. Neither des-Arg10-Hoe 140 nor the combined administration of des-Arg10Hoe 140 and the selective bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist D-Arg-[Hyp3,Thi5,D-Tic7,Oic8]bradykinin (Hoe 140) affected bladder compliance, thus excluding a role of kinins in the maintenance of bladder tone during inflammation. These results indicate that: (1) dexamethasone pretreatment ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced bladder inflammation: (2) dexamethasone pretreatment prevents cyclophosphamide-induced up-regulation of bradykinin B receptors; (3) kinins do not contribute to the increased vesical tone during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lecci
- Pharmacology Department, Menarini Ricerche, Florence, Italy
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