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Campos MF, Baratto LC, Vidal VM, Nascimento IV, Gomes BA, de Lima Martins Neto G, Olsen PC, Leo RRT, Moreira LO. Bactericidal and anti-inflammatory effects of Moquilea tomentosa Benth. flavonoid-rich leaf extract. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:153. [PMID: 37165388 PMCID: PMC10173630 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03968-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products are an important source of bioproducts with pharmacological properties. Here we investigate the components of leaves from M. tomentosa Benth. (Fritsch) (Chrysobalanaceae) and its effects on bacterial cell growth, biofilm production and macrophage activity. METHODS The effect of the different leaf extracts against bacterial cell growth was performed using the microdilution method. The most active extract was analyzed by mass spectrometry, and its effect on bacterial biofilm production was evaluated on polystyrene plates. The extract effect on macrophage activity was tested in the RAW264.7 cell line, which was stimulated with different concentrations of the extract in the presence or absence of LPS. RESULTS We show that the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract was the most effective against bacterial cell growth. EtOAc extract DI-ESI (-)MSn analysis showed the presence of a glycosylated flavonoid tentatively assigned as myricetin 3-O-xylosyl-rhamnoside (MW 596). Also, the EtOAc extract increased biofilm formation by S. aureus and inhibited cytokine and NO production induced by LPS in RAW macrophages. CONCLUSION M. tomentosa flavonoid-enriched EtOAc extract presented a bactericidal and anti-inflammatory pharmacological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Freire Campos
- Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leopoldo Clemente Baratto
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia Aplicada, Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Mendes Vidal
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia e Imunologia Clínica (LABIC), Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ivana Ventura Nascimento
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia e Imunologia Clínica (LABIC), Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Brendo Araujo Gomes
- Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Genes de Lima Martins Neto
- Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Christina Olsen
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia e Imunologia Clínica (LABIC), Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudos em Imunologia (LEI), Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ribeiro Tarjano Leo
- Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lilian Oliveira Moreira
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia e Imunologia Clínica (LABIC), Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Estudos em Imunologia (LEI), Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia e Imunologia Clínica (LABIC), Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRua Professor Paulo Rocco, Bloco A2-07, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 21941-902, Brazil.
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The Chemo-Sensitizing Effect of Doxorubicin of Apple Extract-Enriched Triterpenic Complex on Human Colon Adenocarcinoma and Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122593. [PMID: 36559087 PMCID: PMC9781225 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells' resistance to anticancer drugs represents a major clinical problem and the most important failure of treatment. Combination chemotherapy is more effective than monotherapy due to additive or synergistic effects. The aim of our research was to assess the effects of the combinations of apple extract's triterpenic compounds, individual triterpenic acids, and doxorubicin (DOX) on human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and human glioblastoma (U-87) cell lines in 2D and 3D cultures. The effect of the combination of apple extracts, the triterpenic standards, and DOX against HT-29 and U-87 cell viability was tested by the MTT and spheroid growth assays. Cell line HT-29 was more sensitive to DOX when incubated with all tested apple extracts than DOX alone. Cell line HT-29 was the most strongly sensitive to DOX when it was treated with 5 µM oleanolic acid (change of EC50 = -64.6% ± 4.4%) and with 5 µM ursolic acid (change of EC50 = -61.9% ± 8.8%) in 2D culture. Meanwhile, cell line U-87 was the most strongly sensitive to DOX when treated with 2 µM betulinic acid (change of EC50 = -45.1% ± 4.5%) in 2D culture. The combination of apple extract (E3) and DOX reduced the viability of HT-29 spheroids the most (spheroid viability reduced from -19.9% to -10.9%, compared to spheroids treated with DOX alone). Our study in 2D and 3D cultures showed that combining apple extract's triterpenic complexes or individual triterpenic acids with DOX may sensitize chemotherapeutic drugs and increase the cytotoxicity effects in HT-29 and U-87 cell lines.
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Batista D, Romáryo Duarte da Luz J, Evellyn Silva Do Nascimento T, Felipe de Senes-Lopes T, Araújo Galdino O, Victor E Silva S, Pinheiro Ferreira M, Arrison Dos Santos Azevedo M, Brandão-Neto J, Araujo-Silva G, López JA, das Graças Almeida M. Licania rigida leaf extract: Protective effect on oxidative stress, associated with cytotoxic, mutagenic and preclinical aspects. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:276-290. [PMID: 34789080 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.2002744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brazilian plant biodiversity is a rich alternative source of bioactive compounds since plant-derived extracts and/or their secondary metabolites exhibit potential properties to treat several diseases. In this context, Licania rigida Benth (Chrysobalanaceae Family), a large evergreen tree distributed in Brazilian semi-arid regions, deserves attention for its widespread use in popular medicine, although its biological properties are still poorly studied. The aim of this study was to examine (1) acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity at 2000 mg/kg dose; (2) in vitro cytotoxicity at 0.1; 1; 10; 100 or 1000 µg/ml; (3) in vivo mutagenicity at 5, 10 or 20 mg/ml, and (4) potential antioxidant protective effect of L. rigida aqueous leaf extract of (AELr). No marked apparent toxic and genotoxic effects were observed using in vitro and in vivo assays after in vitro treatment of Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHO-K1) with AELr or in vivo exposure of Wistar rats and Drosophila melanogaster to different extract concentrations. Concerning the antioxidant effect, the extract exhibited a protective effect by decreasing lipid peroxidation as determined by malondialdehyde levels. No significant changes were observed for glutathione (GSH) levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Data demonstrate the beneficial potential of AELr to be employed for therapeutic purposes. However, further studies are required to validate the pharmacological application of this plant extract to develop as a phytotherapeutic formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Batista
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Romáryo Duarte da Luz
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Thayse Evellyn Silva Do Nascimento
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Tiago Felipe de Senes-Lopes
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Ony Araújo Galdino
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Saulo Victor E Silva
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Macelia Pinheiro Ferreira
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Arrison Dos Santos Azevedo
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - José Brandão-Neto
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Araujo-Silva
- Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Degree in Chemistry, Amapá State University (Ueap), Macapá/AP, Brazil
| | - Jorge A López
- Graduate Program in Industrial Biotechnology, Tiradentes University/Research and Technology Institute, Aracaj u/SE, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Almeida
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
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Oboh M, Govender L, Siwela M, Mkhwanazi BN. Anti-Diabetic Potential of Plant-Based Pentacyclic Triterpene Derivatives: Progress Made to Improve Efficacy and Bioavailability. Molecules 2021; 26:7243. [PMID: 34885816 PMCID: PMC8659003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) results from the inability of the pancreas to produce sufficient insulin or weakened cellular response to the insulin produced, which leads to hyperglycemia. Current treatments of DM focus on the use of oral hypoglycemic drugs such as acarbose, alpha-glucose inhibitors, sulphonylureas, thiazolidinediones, and biguanides to control blood glucose levels. However, these medications are known to have various side effects in addition to their bioavailability, efficacy, and safety concerns. These drawbacks have increased interest in the anti-diabetic potential of plant-derived bioactive compounds such as oleanolic and maslinic acids. Although their efficacy in ameliorating blood glucose levels has been reported in several studies, their bioavailability and efficacy remain of concern. The current review examines the anti-diabetic effects of oleanolic, maslinic, asiatic, ursolic, and corosolic acids and their derivatives, as well as the progress made thus far to enhance their bioavailability and efficacy. The literature for the current review was gathered from leading academic databases-including Google Scholar and PubMed-the key words listed below were used. The literature was searched as widely and comprehensively as possible without a defined range of dates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Blessing Nkazimulo Mkhwanazi
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa; (M.O.); (L.G.); (M.S.)
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Betulinic Acid-Doxorubicin-Drug Combination Induced Apoptotic Death via ROS Stimulation in a Relapsed AML MOLM-13 Cell Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091456. [PMID: 34573088 PMCID: PMC8471649 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, cell death regulation and induction in AML cell line from a relapsed MLL-rearranged cell model (MOLM-13) was investigated with doxorubin (Dox) and betulinic acid (BetA), singly and in combination. CyQUANT Direct® and Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining were used to measure the cytotoxic and cell death induction effects of the compounds, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate staining. Expressions of proteins and genes were examined by Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis, respectively. BetA (20 μM) and Dox (1 μM) indicated a synergistic growth inhibitory effect on MOLM-13 cells. The combined drug caused more cells to reside in irreversible late apoptotic stage compared to the single treatments (p < 0.05). Elevation in ROS may be the synergistic mechanism involved in MOLM-13 cell death since ROS can directly disrupt mitochondrial activity. In contrast, in leukaemic U-937 cells, the combination treatments attenuated Dox-induced cell death. Dox and the drug combination selectively reduced (p < 0.05) a recently reported anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein isoform p15-20-Bcl-2 in MOLM-13 by our group, without affecting the usually reported p26-Bcl-2-α. Further studies using known inhibitors of apoptosis are required to confirm the potential of Dox-BetA combination to modulate these pathways.
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Su D, Wang T, Jin C, Liu Y, Naeem A, Liao Z, Zhou M, Chen C, Song Y, Ai Z. Pulchinenosides: Correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis mechanism study. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 43:128080. [PMID: 33964439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Saponin is an active component of many phytomedicine, which has extensive pharmacology effects. Meanwhile, it is reported that cytotoxicity, especially hemolysis and hepatotoxicity, in pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin (PTS) hindered their further development and application. Surface activity, a unique physical property of saponins, is believed to be related to membrane toxicity. However, the correlation between the surface activity and cytotoxicity of saponins is still unexplained. In this paper, our aim was to explore the relationship between surface activity-cytotoxicity of pulchinenosides and the hepatotoxicity mechanism of PTS in vitro. The surface activity of different saponins was investigated by contact angle, surface free energy (SFE), and oil/water partition coefficient (log Papp). In the cytotoxicity study, the hemolysis and hepatotoxicity activity of different saponins was compared by HD50 of erythrocyte and MTT, flow cytometry and LDH assay in LO2 cells respectively. And in the hepatotoxicity mechanism study, western blot was used for observing the expression of proteins related to apoptosis and exploring the liver injury mechanism of PTS. The results suggested that the influences of surface activity on hepatocytes and erythrocytes were different, indicating that the correlation of surface activity-cytotoxicity could provide more information for development of PTS. And the result of hepatotoxicity mechanism study of saponins suggested that endogenous and exogenous apoptotic pathways could be the potential targets of PTS, which could not only provide basis for clinical monitoring and treatment of the toxicity in saponins, but also provide more reference for the clinical application of PTS and phytomedicine containing PTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Model of TCM Syndromes of Depression, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330006, China; Laboratory Animal Science and Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Model of TCM Syndromes of Depression, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330006, China; Laboratory Animal Science and Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Model of TCM Syndromes of Depression, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Abid Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhou Liao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Model of TCM Syndromes of Depression, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330006, China; Laboratory Animal Science and Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Mingyue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Model of TCM Syndromes of Depression, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330006, China; Laboratory Animal Science and Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Changlian Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yonggui Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Model of TCM Syndromes of Depression, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330006, China; Laboratory Animal Science and Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Zhifu Ai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Model of TCM Syndromes of Depression, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330006, China; Laboratory Animal Science and Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Morgan HJN, Delgado AQ, Saldanha LL, Camaforte NADP, Dokkedal AL, Bosqueiro JR. Vochysia tucanorum Mart. butanol fraction presents antitumoral activity in vivo and prevents the installation of cachexia in solid Ehrlich tumor model. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:20. [PMID: 33413302 PMCID: PMC7791751 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is a multifactorial disease caused by uncontrolled proliferation of cells. About 50–80% of cancer patients develop cachexia, a complex metabolic syndrome associated with an increase of mortality and morbidity. However, there are no effective therapies in medical clinic for cancer cachexia. Vochysia tucanorum Mart. is a common three of the Brazilian “Cerrado”. The butanolic fraction of V. tucanorum (Fr-BuVt), very rich in triterpenes with various biological activities, might be interesting in being tested in cancer cachexia syndrome. Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate the antitumoral activity of Fr-BuVt and its potential against cachexia development. Methods Ehrlich tumor was used as model of cancer cachexia. Ascitic Ehrlich tumor cells were collected, processed and inoculated subcutaneously in saline solution (1 × 107/100 μl; ≥95% viability) for the obtention of solid Ehrlich carcinoma. After inoculation, solid Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice were treated by 14 consecutive days by gavage with Fr-BuVt (200 mg/kg). Body weight and tumor volume were measure during the treatment period. Tumors were removed, weighed and properly processed to measure the content and phosphorylation levels of key-proteins involved to apoptotic and proliferation process by Western Blot. Muscles and adipose tissues were removed for weighed. Serum was collected to cytokines levels and energetic blood markers measurements. Results The treatment with the Fr-BuVt (200 mg/kg, 14 days) decreased the solid Ehrlich tumor volume and weight besides increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins caspase-3 and BAX, but also decreased the expression of the proteins involved in proliferation NFκB, mTOR and ERK. In addition, our data shows that the administration of Fr-BuVt was able to prevent the installation of cancer cachexia in Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice, since prevented the loss of body weight, as well as the loss of muscle and adipose tissue. Moreover, an improvement in some blood parameters such as decrease in cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 levels is observed. Conclusions The study revealed that Fr-BuVt has antitumoral activity and prevent installation of cancer cachexia in Ehrlich model. Therefore, Fr-BuVt may represent an alternative treatment for cancer cachexia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-020-03190-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Jorge Novaes Morgan
- Laboratory of Metabolism Control, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Physiology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aislan Quintiliano Delgado
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas Physiology, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube 14-01, Bauru, São Paulo, Postal Code: 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Luiz Leonardo Saldanha
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, State of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Aparecida De Paula Camaforte
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas Physiology, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube 14-01, Bauru, São Paulo, Postal Code: 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Anne Lígia Dokkedal
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, State of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Bosqueiro
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas Physiology, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube 14-01, Bauru, São Paulo, Postal Code: 17033-360, Brazil.
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Onilude HA, Kazeem MI, Adu OB. Chrysobalanus icaco: A review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 19:13-19. [PMID: 33097429 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The genus Chrysobalanus is one of the classes of medicinal plants used in the treatment and management of several diseases. This study is aimed at providing up-to-date information on the phytochemical composition and pharmacological uses of Chrysobalanus icaco. Current literature on the Chrysobalanus species was obtained by searching electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Of the species in this genus, four have been reported in the literature, but only one (C. icaco) has been extensively studied. C. icaco is rich in several minerals, including potassium, magnesium, calcium and sodium. The plant also contains a host of phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, diterpenes and triterpenes, which have been shown to have pharmacological activity. It can be concluded that C. icaco is a good source of phytochemicals that contribute to its therapeutic uses. However, bioassay-guided isolation of its bioactive compounds is necessary for promoting the development of drugs from this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammed Ayantola Onilude
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos 102101, Nigeria
| | - Mutiu Idowu Kazeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos 102101, Nigeria.
| | - Oluwatosin Benedict Adu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos 102101, Nigeria
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Bao Y, Zhang S, Chen Z, Chen AT, Ma J, Deng G, Xu W, Zhou J, Yu ZQ, Yao G, Chen J. Synergistic Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Brain Metastases via Paclitaxel-Loaded Oleanolic Acid Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1343-1351. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youmei Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Shenqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Zeming Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Ann T. Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Junning Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Weiguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Zhi-Qiang Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Guangyu Yao
- Breast Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
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Trujillo-Correa AI, Quintero-Gil DC, Diaz-Castillo F, Quiñones W, Robledo SM, Martinez-Gutierrez M. In vitro and in silico anti-dengue activity of compounds obtained from Psidium guajava through bioprospecting. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:298. [PMID: 31694638 PMCID: PMC6836419 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, bioprospecting has proven to be useful for the identification of compounds with pharmacological potential. Considering the great diversity of Colombian plants and the serious worldwide public health problem of dengue-a disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV)-in the present study, we evaluated the anti-DENV effects of 12 ethanolic extracts derived from plants collected in the Colombian Caribbean coast, and 5 fractions and 5 compounds derived from Psidium guajava. METHODS The cytotoxicity and antiviral effect of 12 ethanolic extracts derived from plants collected in the Colombian Caribbean coast was evaluated in epithelial VERO cells. Five fractions were obtained by open column chromatography from the ethanolic extract with the highest selectivity index (SI) (derived from P. guajava, SI: 128.2). From the fraction with the highest selectivity (Pg-YP-I-22C, SI: 35.5), five compounds were identified by one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The antiviral effect in vitro of the fractions and compounds was evaluated by different experimental strategies (Pre- and post-treatment) using non-toxic concentrations calculated by MTT method. The DENV inhibition was evaluated by plate focus assay. The results were analyzed by means of statistical analysis using Student's t-test. Finally the antiviral effect in Silico was evaluated by molecular docking. RESULTS In vitro evaluation of these compounds showed that three of them (gallic acid, quercetin, and catechin) were promising antivirals as they inhibit the production of infectious viral particles via different experimental strategies, with the best antiviral being catechin (100% inhibition with a pre-treatment strategy and 91.8% with a post-treatment strategy). When testing the interactions of these compounds with the viral envelope protein in silico by docking, only naringin and hesperidin had better scores than the theoretical threshold of - 7.0 kcal/mol (- 8.0 kcal/mol and - 8.2 kcal/mol, respectively). All ligands tested except gallic acid showed higher affinity to the NS5 protein than the theoretical threshold. CONCLUSION Even though bioprospecting has recently been replaced by more targeted tools for identifying compounds with pharmacological potential, our results show it is still useful for this purpose. Additionally, combining in vitro and in silico evaluations allowed us to identify promising antivirals as well as their possible mechanisms of action.
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11
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel H6 analogues as drug resistance reversal agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 161:364-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cytotoxic Effects of Pinnatane A Extracted from Walsura pinnata (Meliaceae) on Human Liver Cancer Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112733. [PMID: 30360475 PMCID: PMC6278294 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pinnatane A from the bark of Walsura pinnata was investigated for its anti-cancer properties by analyzing the cytotoxic activities and cell cycle arrest mechanism induced in two different liver cancer cell lines. METHODS A 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to analyze the pinnatane A selectivity in inducing cell death in cancer and normal cells. Various biological assays were carried out to analyze the anti-cancer properties of pinnatane A, such as a live/dead assay for cell death microscopic visualization, cell cycle analysis using propidium iodide (PI) to identify the cell cycle arrest phase, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (annexin V-FITC)/PI flow cytometry assay to measure percentage of cell populations at different stages of apoptosis and necrosis, and DNA fragmentation assay to verify the late stage of apoptosis. RESULTS The MTT assay identified pinnatane A prominent dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity effects in Hep3B and HepG2 cells, with minimal effect on normal cells. The live/dead assay showed significant cell death, while cell cycle analysis showed arrest at the G₀/G₁ phase in both cell lines. Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation assays identified apoptotic cell death in Hep3B and necrotic cell death in HepG2 cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Pinnatane A has the potential for further development as a chemotherapeutic agent prominently against human liver cells.
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Venancio VP, Cipriano PA, Kim H, Antunes LMG, Talcott ST, Mertens-Talcott SU. Cocoplum (Chrysobalanus icaco L.) anthocyanins exert anti-inflammatory activity in human colon cancer and non-malignant colon cells. Food Funct 2018; 8:307-314. [PMID: 28009871 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01498d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cocoplum (Chrysobalanus icaco L.) (CP) is an anthocyanin-rich fruit found in tropical areas around the globe. CP polyphenols are associated with beneficial effects on health, including reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress. Due to its functional properties, the consumption of this fruit may be beneficial in the promotion of human health and reduce the risk for chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of anthocyanins extracted from CP (1.0 to 20.0 μg ml-1 gallic acid equivalents [GAE]) in CCD-18Co non-malignant colonic fibroblasts and HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α, 10 ng mL-1) was used to induce inflammation in CCD-18Co cells. CP anthocyanins were identified and quantified using HPLC-ESI-MSn. The chemical analysis of CP extract identified delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin and peonidin derivatives as major components. Cell proliferation was suppressed in HT-29 cells at 10.0 and 20.0 μg ml-1 GAE and this was accompanied by increased intracellular ROS production as well as decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-κB1 expressions at 20.0 μg ml-1 GAE. Within the same concentration range, there was no cytotoxic effect of CP anthocyanins in CCD-18Co cells and TNF-α-induced intracellular ROS-production was decreased by 17.3%. IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α protein expressions were also reduced in TNF-α-treated CCD-18Co cells by CP anthocyanins at 20.0 μg ml-1 GAE. These results suggest that cocoplum anthocyanins possess cancer-cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities in both inflamed colon and colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius P Venancio
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2254, USA. and Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Paula A Cipriano
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2254, USA.
| | - Hyemee Kim
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2254, USA.
| | - Lusânia M G Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Stephen T Talcott
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2254, USA.
| | - Susanne U Mertens-Talcott
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2254, USA.
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Guimarães LPTP, Rocha GDG, Queiroz RM, Martins CA, Takiya CM, Gattass CR. Pomolic acid induces apoptosis and inhibits multidrug resistance protein MRP1 and migration in glioblastoma cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2525-2534. [PMID: 28849227 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive of primary brain tumors, determine short survival and poor quality of life. Therapies used for its treatment are not effective and chemotherapy failure is partially due to multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms present in the tumor cells. New therapeutic strategies are needed in order to improve survival in GBM. The present study investigated the activity of the pentacyclic triterpene pomolic acid (PA) in GBM. Pomolic acid decreased the viability and induced apoptosis of GBM cells as demonstrated by DNA fragmentation. It also induced uncoupling of mitochondria membrane potential and activation of caspase-3 and -9. Pomolic acid-induced apoptosis is dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as it is inhibited by anti-oxidant treatment. Pomolic acid also down-modulated the activity of the multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1) and inhibited migration of GBM cells. These results show that PA acts on several pathways of GBM drug resistance and therefore may be of potential interest for the treatment of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Paes Tavares Pacheco Guimarães
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biophysic Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gleice da Graça Rocha
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biophysic Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Muniz Queiroz
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biophysic Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carollina Araujo Martins
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biophysic Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biophysic Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cerli Rocha Gattass
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biophysic Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Dewanjee S, Dua TK, Bhattacharjee N, Das A, Gangopadhyay M, Khanra R, Joardar S, Riaz M, Feo VD, Zia-Ul-Haq M. Natural Products as Alternative Choices for P-Glycoprotein (P-gp) Inhibition. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060871. [PMID: 28587082 PMCID: PMC6152721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is regarded as one of the bottlenecks of successful clinical treatment for numerous chemotherapeutic agents. Multiple key regulators are alleged to be responsible for MDR and making the treatment regimens ineffective. In this review, we discuss MDR in relation to P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and its down-regulation by natural bioactive molecules. P-gp, a unique ATP-dependent membrane transport protein, is one of those key regulators which are present in the lining of the colon, endothelial cells of the blood brain barrier (BBB), bile duct, adrenal gland, kidney tubules, small intestine, pancreatic ducts and in many other tissues like heart, lungs, spleen, skeletal muscles, etc. Due to its diverse tissue distribution, P-gp is a novel protective barrier to stop the intake of xenobiotics into the human body. Over-expression of P-gp leads to decreased intracellular accretion of many chemotherapeutic agents thus assisting in the development of MDR. Eventually, the effectiveness of these drugs is decreased. P-gp inhibitors act by altering intracellular ATP levels which are the source of energy and/or by affecting membrane contours to increase permeability. However, the use of synthetic inhibitors is known to cause serious toxicities. For this reason, the search for more potent and less toxic P-gp inhibitors of natural origin is underway. The present review aims to recapitulate the research findings on bioactive constituents of natural origin with P-gp inhibition characteristics. Natural bioactive constituents with P-gp modulating effects offer great potential for semi-synthetic modification to produce new scaffolds which could serve as valuable investigative tools to recognize the function of complex ABC transporters apart from evading the systemic toxicities shown by synthetic counterparts. Despite the many published scientific findings encompassing P-gp inhibitors, however, this article stand alones because it provides a vivid picture to the readers pertaining to Pgp inhibitors obtained from natural sources coupled with their mode of action and structures. It provides first-hand information to the scientists working in the field of drug discovery to further synthesise and discover new P-gp inhibitors with less toxicity and more efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Tarun K Dua
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Niloy Bhattacharjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Anup Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, ADAMAS University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India.
| | | | - Ritu Khanra
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Swarnalata Joardar
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal 18050, Pakistan.
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, Salerno University, Fisciano 84084, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq
- Environment Science Department, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
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Paracampo NENP, Prance GT, Poppi RJ, da Silva JAF. Chemotaxonomic study ofChrysobalanus icacoLinnaeus (Chrysobalanaceae) using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection fingerprint in combination with multivariate analysis. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2161-2169. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronei Jesus Poppi
- Chemistry Institute; State University of Campinas; Campinas SP Brazil
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Oleanolic Acid Alters Multiple Cell Signaling Pathways: Implication in Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030643. [PMID: 28300756 PMCID: PMC5372655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, much attention has been paid to diet and dietary supplements as a cost-effective therapeutic strategy for prevention and treatment of a myriad of chronic and degenerative diseases. Rapidly accumulating scientific evidence achieved through high-throughput technologies has greatly expanded the understanding about the multifaceted nature of cancer. Increasingly, it is being realized that deregulation of spatio-temporally controlled intracellular signaling cascades plays a contributory role in the onset and progression of cancer. Therefore, targeting regulators of oncogenic signaling cascades is essential to prevent and treat cancer. A plethora of preclinical and epidemiological evidences showed promising role of phytochemicals against several types of cancer. Oleanolic acid, a common pentacyclic triterpenoid, is mainly found in olive oil, as well as several plant species. It is a potent inhibitor of cellular inflammatory process and a well-known inducer of phase 2 xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes. Main molecular mechanisms underlying anticancer effects of oleanolic acid are mediated by caspases, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, matrix metalloproteinases, pro-apoptotic Bax and bid, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/Akt1/mechanistic target of rapamycin, reactive oxygen species/apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor-κB, cluster of differentiation 1, CKD4, s6k, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, as well as aforementioned signaling pathways . In this work, we critically review the scientific literature on the molecular targets of oleanolic acid implicated in the prevention and treatment of several types of cancer. We also discuss chemical aspects, natural sources, bioavailability, and safety of this bioactive phytochemical.
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Silva JPB, Peres ARMN, Paixão TP, Silva ASB, Baetas AC, Barbosa WLR, Monteiro MC, Andrade MA. Antifungal Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Chrysobalanus icaco Against Oral Clinical Isolates of Candida Species. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9:96-100. [PMID: 28250661 PMCID: PMC5330111 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.199772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chrysobalanus icaco is a medicinal plant commonly used to treat fungal infections in Brazilian Amazonian region. Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of C. icaco (HECi) against oral clinical isolates of Candida spp. and to determine the pharmacognostic parameters of the herbal drug and the phytochemical characteristics of HECi. Materials and Methods: The pharmacognostic characterization was performed using pharmacopoeial techniques. Phytochemical screening, total flavonoid content, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were used to investigate the chemical composition of the HECi. A broth microdilution method was used to determine the antifungal activity of the extract against 11 oral clinical isolates of Candida spp. Results: Herbal drug presented parameters which were within the limits set forth in current Brazilian legislation. A high amount of flavonoid content (132,959.33 ± 12,598.23 μg quercetin equivalent/g of extract) was found in HECi. Flavonoids such as myricetin and rutin were detected in the extract by HPLC analyses. HECi showed antifungal activity against oral isolates of Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis (minimum inhibitory concentrations [MIC] 3.12 and 6.25 mg/mL, respectively), and C. albicans American American Type Culture Collection (MIC <1.56 mg/mL). Conclusion: HECi was shown to possess antifungal activity against Candida species with clinical importance in the development of oral candidiasis, and these activities may be related to its chemical composition. The antifungal activity detected for C. icaco against Candida species with clinical importance in the development of oral candidiasis can be attributed to the presence of flavonoids in HECi, characterized by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. SUMMARY Chrysobalanus icaco presents a high amount of flavonoids in its constitution LC analysis was able to identify the flavonoids myricetin and rutin in C. icaco hydroalcoholic extract The C. icaco hydroalcoholic extract inhibits the growth of oral clinical isolates of Candida spp. and Candida albicans American Type Culture Collection.
Abbreviations Used: HECi: Hydroalcoholic extract of C. icaco; HPLC: High performance liquid chromatography; AlCl3: Aluminum chloride; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; CH3NOONa: Sodium acetate; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; ATCC: American Type Culture Collection; EMBRAPA: Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation – Eastern Amazon; v/v: Volume per volume; SD: Standard deviation; TFC: Total flavonoid content; w/v: Weight per volume; ELSD: Evaporative light scattering detector; DAD: Diode-arrange detector; UFPA: Federal University of Pará; IEC: Evandro Chagas Institute; INCQS-FIOCRUZ: National Institute of Quality Control in Health – Fundação Oswaldo Cruz; SDA: Sabouraud Dextrose Agar; CFU: Colony-forming units; MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentrations; MFC: Minimum fungicidal concentrations
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Bastos Silva
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ana Regina Maués Noronha Peres
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Thiago Portal Paixão
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Andressa Santa Brígida Silva
- Pharmaceutical Innovation Graduate Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Baetas
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Wagner Luiz Ramos Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Pharmaceutical Innovation Graduate Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marcieni Ataíde Andrade
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Parra Pessoa I, Lopes Neto JJ, Silva de Almeida T, Felipe Farias D, Vieira LR, Lima de Medeiros J, Augusti Boligon A, Peijnenburg A, Castelar I, Fontenele Urano Carvalho A. Polyphenol Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Seeds from Two Underexploited Wild Licania Species: L. rigida and L. tomentosa. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121755. [PMID: 28009846 PMCID: PMC6273337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown the benefit of antioxidants in the prevention or treatment of human diseases and promoted a growing interest in new sources of plant antioxidants for pharmacological use. This study aimed to add value to two underexploited wild plant species (Licania rigida) and L. tomentosa) from Brazilian flora. Thus, the phenolic compounds profile of their seed ethanol extract and derived fractions were elucidated by HPLC, the antioxidant capacity was assessed by in vitro chemical tests and the cytotoxicity determined using the human carcinoma cell lines MCF-7 and Caco-2. Eleven phenolic compounds were identified in the extracts of each species. The extracts and fractions showed excellent antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay (SC50, ranging from 9.15 to 248.8 µg/mL). The aqueous fraction of L. rigida seeds was most effective in preventing lipid peroxidation under basal conditions (IC50 60.80 µg/mL) whereas, in the presence of stress inducer, the methanolic fraction of L. tomentosa performed best (IC50 8.55 µg/mL). None of the samples showed iron chelating capacity. Ethanolic seed extracts of both species did not reveal any cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and Caco-2 cells. Both plant species showed a promising phenolic profile with potent antioxidant capacity and deserve attention to be sustainably explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Parra Pessoa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - José Joaquim Lopes Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Silva de Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Davi Felipe Farias
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Rogério Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Jackeline Lima de Medeiros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ad Peijnenburg
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ivan Castelar
- Department of Finance, Federal University of Ceará, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Araújo-Filho HG, Dias JDS, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Santos MRV, White PAS, Barreto RSS, Barreto AS, Estevam CS, Araujo SS, Almeida JRGS, Menezes IRA, Coutinho HDM, Quintans JSS. Phytochemical screening and analgesic profile of the lyophilized aqueous extract obtained from Chrysobalanus icaco leaves in experimental protocols. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:3055-3062. [PMID: 27892848 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1204618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Chrysobalanus icaco L. (Chrysobalanaceae) has been used for the treatment of abdominal pain and cramps. OBJECTIVE Assess the chemical and pharmacological profile of the lyophilized aqueous extract from C. icaco leaves (AEC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Chromatographic methods were used to assess compounds from AEC. Mice were treated with vehicle (control group) or AEC (100, 200 or 400 mg/kg, p.o.) (group with 7-8 mice) and the analgesic profile was assessed employing the acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, hot plate tests and hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan (CG) or tumour necrosis factor-alpha. The animal motor performance was assessed using rota-rod and grip strength tests. RESULTS The chromatographic profile of AEC demonstrated the presence of terpenoid compounds. The acute pretreatment with AEC, at all doses, produced a significant (p < 0.01) inhibition of painful bahaviour (11.4 ± 3.6; 10.3 ± 2.8; 11.3 ± 2.2) when compared to the control group (24.7 ± 4.7) in acetic acid-induced writhing test. In the formalin test, AEC were effective in the second phase (p < 0.01) (57.2 ± 10.3; 56.3 ± 9.2; 54.7 ± 8.9) when compared to control group (121.9 ± 18.5). No response was observed in the hot plate test. The higher dose of AEC produced a significant (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) inhibitory effect on the mechanical hyperalgesia test. AEC did not affect the motor performance of the mice. DISCUSSION The terpenoids from AEC are known for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. So, these results corroborate the experiments using the AEC in inflammatory pain protocols. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that AEC act against inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor G Araújo-Filho
- a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , SE , Brazil
| | | | | | - Márcio R V Santos
- a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , SE , Brazil
| | - Pollyanna A S White
- a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , SE , Brazil
| | - Rosana S S Barreto
- a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , SE , Brazil
| | - André S Barreto
- a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , SE , Brazil
| | - Charles S Estevam
- a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , SE , Brazil
| | - Silvan S Araujo
- a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , SE , Brazil
| | - Jackson R G S Almeida
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Federal University of Vale do São Francisco , Petrolina , PE , Brazil
| | - Irwin R A Menezes
- c Department of Biological Chemistry , Regional University of Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- c Department of Biological Chemistry , Regional University of Cariri , Crato , CE , Brazil
| | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão , SE , Brazil
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Wiemann J, Deckelmann AM, Csuk R. A remarkably simple and convergent partial synthesis of pomolic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kim B, Kim YC, Park B. Pomolic acid inhibits metastasis of HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cells through inactivation of the ERK pathway. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:744-52. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Vijayakumar AR, Daniel EP, Ilavarasan R, Venkataraman S, Vijayakumar S. Ulcer Protective Activity of Jatropha gossypiifolia Linn. in Wistar Rats. Pharmacognosy Res 2016; 8:S61-6. [PMID: 27114695 PMCID: PMC4821110 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.178640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several synthetic drugs are useful in the treatment of peptic ulcer, but almost of these drugs are used in prolonging time, it may cause several adverse reactions. However, the herbal medicines are more potent to the treatment and minimize the side effects. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the methanol extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia Linn. (MEJG) for gastro protective activity against Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-ulcer potency of MEJG (100 and 200 mg/kg, b.w.) was assessed using aspirin (200 mg/kg, p.o.) plus pylorus ligation ulcer model and the parameters studied were ulcer index (UI), gastric juice volume, pH, total acidity, and total acid output. Same extract was studied by ethanol-induced (80%, 5 mL/kg, intragastrically) ulcer model, and the UI and biochemical parameters were studied. RESULTS The oral administration of MEJG (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.001) attenuated the ulcer score and anti-secretary parameters (such as the volume of gastric content, free acidity, total acidity, and total acid output) in the aspirin plus pylorus ligation rats. The extract also significantly attenuated (P < 0.001) ulcer score in ethanol-induced ulcer model and lipid peroxidation level and significantly increased the level of glutathione peroxides, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity. The MEJG may possess active constituents such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, and terpenes, which may play a major role in gastroprotective effect in Wistar rats. CONCLUSION The present study provides scientific support for the anti-ulcer activities of extracts of JG and also claimed that antioxidant potential of the extracts. However, substantiates the traditional claims for the usage of this drug in the treatment of gastric ulcer. SUMMARY The methanolic extract of jatropha gossypiifolia Linn. for gastro protective activity against aspirin plus pyloric ligation and ethanol induced ulcer models was studied in Wistar rats. JG shows significantly attenuated the ulcer score in both models. And also attenuated in anti-secretory parameters in aspirin induced ulcer model. MEJG may possess active constituents such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids and terpenes, which may play a major role in gastroprotective effect in Wistar rats. Abbreviation Used: MEJG: Methanolic extract of jatropha gossypiifolia, mg: Milli gram, kg: Kilogram, b.w.: Body weight, p.o.: Per oral, UI: Ulcer index, pH: Concentration of H+ ion, mL: Milli litre, JG: Jatropha gossypiifolia,USD: United States Dollar, NSAIDs: Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, v/v: Volume by volume, w/v: Weight by volume, SCMC: Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, g: Gram, h: Hour, °C: Degree centigrade, n: Number, Rpm: Rotation per minute, Min: Minute, N: Normality, NaoH: Sodium hydroxide, mM - Millimole, TBA: Thiobarbituric acid, nmol: Nanomole, nm: Nanometer, GPx: Glutathione peroxidase, GSH: Reduced glutathione, H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide, SOD: Superoxide dismutase, ANOVA Analysis of Variance, μmol: Micromole.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Epison Prabu Daniel
- Department of Pharmacology, CL Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Thoraipakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raju Ilavarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Captain Srinivasa Murti Drug Research Institute for Ayurveda and Siddha Drug Development, CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Arumbakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Venkataraman
- CL Baid Metha Foundation for Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Thoraipakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Vijayakumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Vels School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Xu JF, Wu HB, Liu DC, Sha L, Wu WH, Fan H, Song YS, Zhu HG. Three New 29 Carbon Skeletons Pentacyclic Triterpenoids and S-equol from Biogas Slurry. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Xu
- College of Food Science & Technology; Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai 201306 P.R. China
| | - Hui-Bin Wu
- College of Food Science & Technology; Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai 201306 P.R. China
| | - Ding-Cai Liu
- College of Food Science & Technology; Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai 201306 P.R. China
| | - Long Sha
- College of Food Science & Technology; Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai 201306 P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hui Wu
- College of Food Science & Technology; Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai 201306 P.R. China
| | - Hua Fan
- College of Food Science & Technology; Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai 201306 P.R. China
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie; Charité-Universitätsmedizin; Berlin D-12200 Germany
| | - Yi-Shan Song
- College of Food Science & Technology; Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai 201306 P.R. China
| | - Hong-Guang Zhu
- College of Food Science & Technology; Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai 201306 P.R. China
- Research Institute of Modern Agricultural Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 200092 China
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Kim B, Kim J, Park B. Pomolic Acid Inhibits Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells Through the Suppression of CXC Chemokine Receptor Type 4 Expression. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1296-307. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Kim
- College of PharmacyKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Hun Kim
- Department of BiotechnologyResearch Institute (RIBHS) and College of Biomedical and Health ScienceKonkuk UniversityChungjuChungbukKorea
| | - Byoungduck Park
- College of PharmacyKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
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Senthilkumar R, Chen BA, Cai XH, Fu R. Anticancer and multidrug-resistance reversing potential of traditional medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds in leukemia cell lines. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:881-94. [PMID: 25556059 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance remains a serious clinical problem in the successful therapy of malignant diseases. It occurs in cultured tumor cell lines, as well as in human cancers. Therefore, it is critical to develop novel anticancer drugs with multidrug-resistance modulating potential to increase the survival rate of leukemia patients. Plant-derived natural products have been used for the treatment of various diseases for thousands of years. This review summarizes the anticancer and multidrug-resistance reversing properties of the extracts and bioactive compounds from traditional medicinal plants in different leukemia cell lines. Further mechanistic studies will pave the road to establish the anticancer potential of plant-derived natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Senthilkumar
- Department of Neoplastic Hematologic Disorders (Medical Science Key Subject of Jiangsu Province), Zhongda Hospital, Schoool of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bao-An Chen
- Department of Neoplastic Hematologic Disorders (Medical Science Key Subject of Jiangsu Province), Zhongda Hospital, Schoool of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiao-Hui Cai
- Department of Neoplastic Hematologic Disorders (Medical Science Key Subject of Jiangsu Province), Zhongda Hospital, Schoool of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Majeed R, Hamid A, Sangwan PL, Chinthakindi PK, Koul S, Rayees S, Singh G, Mondhe DM, Mintoo MJ, Singh SK, Rath SK, Saxena AK. Inhibition of phosphotidylinositol-3 kinase pathway by a novel naphthol derivative of betulinic acid induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells of different origin. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1459. [PMID: 25299784 PMCID: PMC4237233 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid natural product reported to inhibit cell growth in a variety of cancers. However, the further clinical development of BA got hampered because of poor solubility and pharmacological properties. Interestingly, this molecule offer several hotspots for structural modifications in order to address its associated issues. In our endeavor, we selected C-3 position for the desirable chemical modification in order to improve its cytotoxic and pharmacological potential and prepared a library of different triazoline derivatives of BA. Among them, we previously reported the identification of a potential molecule, that is, 3{1N(5-hydroxy-naphth-1yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4yl}methyloxy betulinic acid (HBA) with significant inhibition of cancer cell growth and their properties. In the present study, we have shown for the first time that HBA decreased the expression of phosphotidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) p110α and p85α and caused significant downregulation of pAKT and of NFκB using human leukemia and breast cancer cells as in vitro models. Further it was revealed that PI3K inhibition by HBA induced cell cycle arrest via effects on different cell cycle regulatory proteins that include CDKis cyclins and pGSK3β. Also, this target-specific inhibition was associated with mitochondrial apoptosis as was reflected by the increased expression of mitochondrial bax, downregulated bcl2 and decreased mitochondrial levels of cytochrome c, together with reactive oxygen species generation and decline in mitochondrial membrane potential. The apoptotic effectors such as caspase 8, caspase 9 and caspase 3 were found to be upregulated besides DNA repair-associated enzyme, that is, PARP cleavage caused cancer cell death. Pharmacodynamic evaluation revealed that both HBA and BA were safe upto the dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight and with acceptable pharmacodynamic parameters. The in vitro data corroborated with in vivo anticancer activity wherein Ehrlich solid tumor showed that HBA as a more potent agent than BA without any body weight loss and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Majeed
- 1] Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India [2] Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - A Hamid
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - P L Sangwan
- Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - P K Chinthakindi
- Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - S Koul
- Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - S Rayees
- PK-PD Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - G Singh
- PK-PD Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - D M Mondhe
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - M J Mintoo
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - S K Singh
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - S K Rath
- Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - A K Saxena
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
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Antileishmanial activity and cytotoxicity of Brazilian plants. Exp Parasitol 2014; 143:60-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Tiwari R, Puthli A, Balakrishnan S, Sapra BK, Mishra KP. Betulinic acid-induced cytotoxicity in human breast tumor cell lines MCF-7 and T47D and its modification by tocopherol. Cancer Invest 2014; 32:402-8. [PMID: 25019212 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2014.933234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) has been shown to cause apoptosis in neuroblastoma and melanoma cell lines. We evaluated the cytotoxicity of BA in two breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and T47D differing in their p53 status. Treatment with BA resulted in a dose dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. This indicates p53-independent apoptotic pathway, because response of both p53 mutant and wild type cell line were found unaffected after treatment with pifithrin-α, an inhibitor of p53. Cells were significantly protected when treated by tocopherol suggesting involvement of membrane centered lipid peroxidation-mediated mechanism in BA-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeta Tiwari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai , Mumbai , India , 1
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Moreira MAM, Bagni C, de Pinho MB, Mac-Cormick TM, dos Santos Mota M, Pinto-Silva FE, Daflon-Yunes N, Rumjanek VM. Changes in gene expression profile in two multidrug resistant cell lines derived from a same drug sensitive cell line. Leuk Res 2014; 38:983-7. [PMID: 24996974 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is one of the most relevant aspects of treatment failure in cancer. Cell lines are used as models to study resistance. We analyzed the transcriptional profile of two multidrug resistant (MDR) cell lines (Lucena 1 and FEPS) derived from the same drug-sensitive cell K562. Microarray data identified 130 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between K562 vs. Lucena 1, 1932 between K562 vs. FEPS, and 1211 between Lucena 1 versus FEPS. The NOTCH pathway was affected in FEPS with overexpression of NOTCH2 and HEY1. The highly overexpressed gene in MDR cell lines was ABCB1, and both presented the ABCB1 promoter unmethylated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Bagni
- Genetics Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Thaís Messias Mac-Cormick
- Genetics Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nathalia Daflon-Yunes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vivian Mary Rumjanek
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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In vitro antileukaemic activity of extracts from Daphne gnidium leaves against sensitive and multidrug resistant K562/R7 cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8991-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Yan XJ, Gong LH, Zheng FY, Cheng KJ, Chen ZS, Shi Z. Triterpenoids as reversal agents for anticancer drug resistance treatment. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:482-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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33
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Jóźwiak A, Jóźwiak G, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M. Simultaneous HPLC determination of pomolic, ursolic and euscaphic/tormentic acids in roots and rhizomes of variousPotentillaspecies. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.26.2014.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Highlights of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in the Cancer Settings. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63294-4.00002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Multidrug resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia: how much can we learn from MDR-CML cell lines? Biosci Rep 2013; 33:BSR20130067. [PMID: 24070327 PMCID: PMC3839595 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20130067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmark of CML (chronic myeloid leukaemia) is the BCR (breakpoint cluster region)-ABL fusion gene. CML evolves through three phases, based on both clinical and pathological features: a chronic phase, an accelerated phase and blast crisis. TKI (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) are the treatment modality for patients with chronic phase CML. The therapeutic potential of the TKI imatinib is affected by BCR-ABL dependent an independent mechanisms. Development of MDR (multidrug resistance) contributes to the overall clinical resistance. MDR involves overexpression of ABC -transporters (ATP-binding-cassette transporter) among other features. MDR studies include the analysis of cancer cell lines selected for resistance. CML blast crisis is accompanied by increased resistance to apoptosis. This work reviews the role played by the influx transporter OCT1 (organic cation transporter 1), by efflux ABC transporters, molecules involved in the modulation of apoptosis (p53, Bcl-2 family, CD95, IAPs (inhibitors of apoptosis protein)], Hh and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, cytoskeleton abnormalities and other features described in leukaemic cells of clinical samples and CML cell lines. An MDR cell line, Lucena-1, generated from K562 by stepwise exposure to vincristine, was used as our model and some potential anticancer drugs effective against the MDR cell line and patients' samples are presented.
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Yan J, Zhou H, Kong L, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Li Y. Identification of two novel inhibitors of mTOR signaling pathway based on high content screening. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 72:799-808. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Li H, He N, Li X, Zhou L, Zhao M, Jiang H, Zhang X. Oleanolic acid inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in NB4 cells by targeting PML/RARα. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:885-890. [PMID: 24137431 PMCID: PMC3796429 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA), a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid contained in a variety of plant species, exhibits broad biological properties, including anticancer effects. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a distinct subtype of acute myeloid leukemia. APL has a unique and specific chromosomal aberration, t(15;17), which results in the formation of a fusion gene and protein PML/RARα, which is not only necessary for the diagnosis of APL, but is also critical for APL pathogenesis. In the present study, the cytotoxic effect of OA on NB4 cells was investigated. Cell viability was assessed via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression levels of bax and bcl-2 mRNA were determined by quantitative PCR. Apoptosis was analyzed using DNA fragment analysis and cell cycle distributions were analyzed by flow cytometry. The activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9 was determined by colorimetric assays. The expression of the PML/RARα fusion protein was analyzed by western blotting. The MTT assay showed that OA inhibited the proliferation of the NB4 cells. The expression levels of pro-apoptotic bax mRNA were increased and the levels of anti-apoptotic bcl-2 mRNA were decreased following the treatment of the NB4 cells with OA at 80 μmol/l. Treatment of the NB4 cells with OA at 80 μmol/l induced apoptosis and G1 phase arrest, while caspase-9 and caspase-3 activity was significantly increased. Furthermore, the expression of the PML/RARα fusion protein was decreased. Together, these data suggest that OA exerts a cytotoxic effect that inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in NB4 cells by targeting PML/RARα, making it a potent therapeutic agent against leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Li
- Institute of Polygenic Disease, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
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Hao J, Liu J, Wen X, Sun H. Synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of oleanolic acid derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2074-7. [PMID: 23434227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Twelve derivatives of oleanolic acid (1) have been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activities against the growth of prostate PC3, breast MCF-7, lung A549, and gastric BGC-823 cancer cells by MTT assays. Within these series of derivatives, compound 17 exhibited the most potent cytotoxicity against PC3 cell line (IC50=0.39 μM) and compound 28 displayed the best activity against A549 cell line (IC50=0.22 μM). SAR analysis indicates that H-donor substitution at C-3 position of oleanolic acid may be advantageous for improvement of cytotoxicity against PC3, A549 and MCF-7 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China
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Paszel A, Rubiś B, Bednarczyk-Cwynar B, Zaprutko L, Kaczmarek M, Hofmann J, Rybczyńska M. Oleanolic acid derivative methyl 3,11-dioxoolean-12-en-28-olate targets multidrug resistance related to ABCB1. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 63:1500-17. [PMID: 22358098 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in leukemia patients is a great incentive to the development of new drugs. In a search for potential multidrug resistance modulators we tested a group of oleanolic acid (OA) analogues modified at C-3, C-11, C-12 and C-28 using an experimental model consisting of three human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines (CCRF-CEM and the multidrug resistant sublines CCRF-VCR1000 and CCRF-ADR5000). The most effective compound, methyl 3,11-dioxoolean-12-en-28-olate (DIOXOL) was more potent in cell viability inhibition than its precursor - OA, and showed similar or even higher activity in the drug resistant than in the wild-type cells. Resistance factor (RF) values obtained for CCRF-VCR1000 and CCRF-ADR-5000 cells using MTT assay were 0.7 and 0.8 (24 h of treatment) and after 72 h of treatment 0.9 and 1.1, respectively. Moreover, 5 μM DIOXOL significantly reduced the expression of the ABCB1 gene in MDR cells by around 30%, and also decreased the level of P-gp protein. Compared to untreated control cells, DIOXOL treatment resulted in a significant P-gp decrease (30% in CCRF-ADR5000 and 50% in CCRF-VCR1000), that was detected by western blot and confirmed by flow cytometry analysis. Moreover, DIOXOL (at 10 μM) significantly inhibited P-gp transport function by more than twofold comparing to control, untreated cells that was demonstrated using rhodamine 123-based functional test. The compound exhibited synergistic activity with ABCB1 substrate - adriamycin in CCRF-VCR1000 cells, indicating partial but significant MDR reversing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paszel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, PL 60-355 Poznań, Poland
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Salvador JAR, Moreira VM, Gonçalves BMF, Leal AS, Jing Y. Ursane-type pentacyclic triterpenoids as useful platforms to discover anticancer drugs. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:1463-79. [PMID: 23047641 DOI: 10.1039/c2np20060k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the potential of natural and semisynthetic ursane-type triterpenoids as candidates for the design of multi-target bioactive compounds, with focus on their anticancer effects. A brief illustration of the biosynthesis, sources, and general biological effects of the main classes of naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoids (PTs) are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A R Salvador
- Grupo de Química Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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UPLC-MS based metabolic profiling of the phenotypes of Acanthopanax senticosus reveals the changes in active metabolites distinguishing the diversities of the. Chin J Nat Med 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1009.2012.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Youn SH, Lee JS, Lee MS, Cha EY, Thuong PT, Kim JR, Chang ES. Anticancer properties of pomolic acid-induced AMP-activated protein kinase activation in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:105-10. [PMID: 22223345 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.35.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy status found in all eukaryotes. Recent studies indicate that AMPK activation strongly suppresses cell proliferation in tumor cells, which requires high rates of protein synthesis and de novo fatty acid synthesis for their rapid growth. Pomolic acid (PA) has been previously described as being active in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. In this study, we investigated PA activated AMPK, and this activity was related to proliferation and apoptosis in MCF7 breast cancer cells. PA inhibited cell proliferation and induced sub-G(1) arrest, elevating the mRNA levels of the apoptotic genes p53 and p21. PA activated caspase-3, -9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and this effect was inhibited by z-VAD-fmk. AMPK activation was increased by treating cells with PA, inactivated by treating cells with a compound C, and co-treatment consisting of PA and aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) synergistically activated AMPK. These anti-cancer potentials of PA were accompanied by effects on de novo fatty acid synthesis as shown by the decreased expression of fatty acid synthase, and decreased acetyl-CoA carboxylase activation and incorporation of [(3)H]acetyl-CoA into fatty acids. In addition, PA inhibited key enzymes involved in protein synthesis such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1). These results suggest that PA exerts anti-cancer properties through the modulation of AMPK pathways and its value as an anti-cancer agent in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seog Hyeon Youn
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301–721, Korea
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Effects of 3β-acethyl tormentic acid (3ATA) on ABCC proteins activity. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:6757-6771. [PMID: 22837662 PMCID: PMC3397494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13066757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is considered the main cause of cancer chemotherapy failure and patient relapse. The active drug efflux mediated by transporter proteins of the ABC (ATP-binding cassette) family is the most investigated mechanism leading to MDR. With the aim of inhibiting this transport and circumventing MDR, a great amount of work has been dedicated to identifying pharmacological inhibitors of specific ABC transporters. We recently showed that 3β-acetyl tormentic acid (3ATA) had no effect on P-gp/ABCB1 activity. Herein, we show that 3ATA strongly inhibited the activity of MRP1/ABCC1. In the B16/F10 and Ma104 cell lines, this effect was either 20X higher or similar to that observed with MK571, respectively. Nevertheless, the low inhibitory effect of 3ATA on A549, a cell line that expresses MRP1-5, suggests that it may not inhibit other MRPs. The use of cells transfected with ABCC2, ABCC3 or ABCC4 showed that 3ATA was also able to modulate these transporters, though with an inhibition ratio lower than that observed for MRP1/ABCC1. These data point to 3ATA as a new ABCC inhibitor and call attention to its potential use as a tool to investigate the function of MRP/ABCC proteins or as a co-adjuvant in the treatment of MDR tumors.
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Investigation of porous graphitic carbon for triterpenoids and natural resinous materials analysis by high performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1240:140-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wink M, Ashour ML, El-Readi MZ. Secondary Metabolites from Plants Inhibiting ABC Transporters and Reversing Resistance of Cancer Cells and Microbes to Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Agents. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:130. [PMID: 22536197 PMCID: PMC3332394 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal, bacterial, and cancer cells can develop resistance against antifungal, antibacterial, or anticancer agents. Mechanisms of resistance are complex and often multifactorial. Mechanisms include: (1) Activation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, such as P-gp, which pump out lipophilic compounds that have entered a cell, (2) Activation of cytochrome p450 oxidases which can oxidize lipophilic agents to make them more hydrophilic and accessible for conjugation reaction with glucuronic acid, sulfate, or amino acids, and (3) Activation of glutathione transferase, which can conjugate xenobiotics. This review summarizes the evidence that secondary metabolites (SM) of plants, such as alkaloids, phenolics, and terpenoids can interfere with ABC transporters in cancer cells, parasites, bacteria, and fungi. Among the active natural products several lipophilic terpenoids [monoterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes (including saponins), steroids (including cardiac glycosides), and tetraterpenes] but also some alkaloids (isoquinoline, protoberberine, quinoline, indole, monoterpene indole, and steroidal alkaloids) function probably as competitive inhibitors of P-gp, multiple resistance-associated protein 1, and Breast cancer resistance protein in cancer cells, or efflux pumps in bacteria (NorA) and fungi. More polar phenolics (phenolic acids, flavonoids, catechins, chalcones, xanthones, stilbenes, anthocyanins, tannins, anthraquinones, and naphthoquinones) directly inhibit proteins forming several hydrogen and ionic bonds and thus disturbing the 3D structure of the transporters. The natural products may be interesting in medicine or agriculture as they can enhance the activity of active chemotherapeutics or pesticides or even reverse multidrug resistance, at least partially, of adapted and resistant cells. If these SM are applied in combination with a cytotoxic or antimicrobial agent, they may reverse resistance in a synergistic fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University Heidelberg, Germany
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Oleanolic acid initiates apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines and reduces metastasis of a B16F10 melanoma model in vivo. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28596. [PMID: 22174843 PMCID: PMC3235133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug resistance, a process mediated by multiple mechanisms, is a critical determinant for treating lung cancer. The aim of this study is to determine if oleanolic acid (OA), a pentacyclic triterpene present in several plants, is able to circumvent the mechanisms of drug resistance present in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and to induce their death. Principal Findings OA decreased the cell viability of the NSCLC cell lines A459 and H460 despite the presence of active, multidrug-resistant (MDR) MRP1/ABCC1 proteins and the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and survivin. These effects are due to apoptosis, as evidenced by the capacity of OA to induce fragmentation of DNA and activate caspase 3. Induction of NSCLC cell death by OA cannot be explained by inhibition of the MDR proteins, since treatment with triterpene had little or no effect on the activity or expression of MRP1. Moreover, treatment with OA had no effect on the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, but increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, altering the Bcl-2/Bax balance towards a pro-apoptotic profile. OA also decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein survivin. Furthermore, OA decreased the expression of the angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and decreased the development of melanoma-induced lung metastasis. Conclusion Our data provide a significant insight into the antitumoral and antimetastatic activity of OA in NSCLC and suggest that including OA in the NSCLC regimens may help to decrease the number of relapses and reduce the development of metastases.
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Wang X, Ikejima K, Kon K, Arai K, Aoyama T, Okumura K, Abe W, Sato N, Watanabe S. Ursolic acid ameliorates hepatic fibrosis in the rat by specific induction of apoptosis in hepatic stellate cells. J Hepatol 2011; 55:379-87. [PMID: 21168456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Specific induction of cell death in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a promising therapeutic strategy for hepatic fibrosis. In this study, we evaluated the cell-killing effect of ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, in activated HSCs both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Culture-activated rat HSCs were treated with UA (0-40μM), and the mechanisms of cell death were evaluated. The cell killing effect of UA on activated HSCs in rats chronically treated with thioacetamide (TAA) was detected by dual staining of TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and smooth muscle α-actin (αSMA) immunohistochemistry, and resolution of hepatic fibrosis was evaluated. Further, the protective effects of UA on progression of hepatic fibrosis caused by TAA and bile duct ligation (BDL) were evaluated. RESULTS UA induced apoptotic cell death in culture-activated HSCs, but not in isolated hepatocytes and quiescent HSCs. Mitochodrial permeability transition (MPT) preceded the cleavage of caspase-3 and -9 following UA treatment. UA also decreased phosphorylation levels of Akt, and diminished nuclear localization of NFκB in these cells. In rats pretreated with TAA for 6weeks, a single injection of UA induced remarkable increases in TUNEL- and αSMA-dual-positive cells in 24h, and significant regression of hepatic fibrosis within 48h. Moreover, UA ameliorated hepatic fibrogenesis caused by both chronic TAA administration and BDL. CONCLUSIONS UA ameliorated experimental hepatic fibrosis most likely through specific induction of apoptosis in activated HSCs. It is therefore postulated that UA is a potential therapeutic reagent for resolution of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Castilho RO, Kaplan MAC. Phytochemical study and antimicrobial activity of Chrysobalanus icaco. Chem Nat Compd 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-011-9953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ferreira PMP, Farias DF, Viana MP, Souza TM, Vasconcelos IM, Soares BM, Pessoa C, Costa-Lotufo LV, Moraes MO, Carvalho AF. Study of the antiproliferative potential of seed extracts from Northeastern Brazilian plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 83:1045-58. [DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652011005000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the antiproliferative and cytotoxic potential against tumor lines of ethanolic seed extracts of 21 plant species belonging to different families from Northeastern Brazil. In addition, some underlying mechanisms involved in this cytotoxicity were also investigated. Among the 21 extracts tested, the MTT assay after 72 h of incubation demonstrated that only the ethanolic extract obtained from Myracrodruon urundeuva seeds (EEMUS), which has steroids, alkaloids and phenols, showed in vitro cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells, being 2-fold more active on leukemia HL-60 line [IC50 value of 12.5 (9.5-16.7) μg/mL] than on glioblastoma SF-295 [IC50 of 25.1 (17.3-36.3) μg/mL] and Sarcoma 180 cells [IC50 of 38.1 (33.5-43.4) μg/mL]. After 72h exposure, flow cytometric and morphological analyses of HL-60-treated cells showed that EEMUS caused decrease in cell number, volume and viability as well as internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent way, suggesting that the EEMUS triggers apoptotic pathways of cell death.
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