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Rodrigues NER, Oliveira ARDS, Lima SMDA, Nunes DM, de Albuquerque PBS, da Cunha MDGC, Wanderley AG, Júnior FMRDS, Silva JBNF, Teixeira ÁAC, da Silva TG. Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Chrysobalanus icaco Leaves on Maternal Reproductive Outcomes and Fetal Development in Wistar Rats. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7617-7629. [PMID: 37754263 PMCID: PMC10529352 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicological studies on medicinal plants are essential to ensure their safety and effectiveness in treating various diseases. Despite the species Chrysobalanus icaco L. being popularly used in the treatment of several diseases due to the pharmacological properties of its bioactive compounds, there are few studies in the literature regarding its toxicity regarding reproduction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the potential embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of the aqueous extract of C. icaco leaves (AECi) on Wistar rats. Animals were given AECi at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg during the pre-implantation and organogenesis periods. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey's test and Kruskal-Wallis. Pregnant rats treated during the pre-implantation period showed no signs of reproductive toxicity. Rats that received AECi at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg during organogenesis did not exhibit any signs of maternal systemic toxicity or significant differences in gestational and embryotoxic parameters. Some skeletal changes were observed in the treated groups. Therefore, it can be suggested that AECi at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg is safe for treated animals and does not induce reproductive toxicity under the experimental conditions applied, but it also caused low systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Emanuelle Ribeiro Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Farmatoxicological Prospecting of Bioactive Products (BIOFARMATOX), Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 54740-520, Pernambuco, Brazil; (A.R.d.S.O.); (S.M.d.A.L.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Garanhuns 53294-902, Pernambuco, Brazil; (D.M.N.); (P.B.S.d.A.)
| | - Alisson Rodrigo da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Farmatoxicological Prospecting of Bioactive Products (BIOFARMATOX), Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 54740-520, Pernambuco, Brazil; (A.R.d.S.O.); (S.M.d.A.L.)
| | - Sandrine Maria de Arruda Lima
- Laboratory of Farmatoxicological Prospecting of Bioactive Products (BIOFARMATOX), Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 54740-520, Pernambuco, Brazil; (A.R.d.S.O.); (S.M.d.A.L.)
| | - Daniel Medeiros Nunes
- Department of Medicine, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Garanhuns 53294-902, Pernambuco, Brazil; (D.M.N.); (P.B.S.d.A.)
| | | | | | - Almir Gonçalves Wanderley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal Univesity of São Paulo, São Paulo 09913-030, Brazil
| | | | - José Bruno Nunes Ferreira Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Immunology and Health Studies, Medicine Course, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Palmas 77001-923, Tocantins, Brazil;
| | - Álvaro Aguiar Coelho Teixeira
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil;
| | - Teresinha Gonçalves da Silva
- Laboratory of Farmatoxicological Prospecting of Bioactive Products (BIOFARMATOX), Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 54740-520, Pernambuco, Brazil; (A.R.d.S.O.); (S.M.d.A.L.)
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Silva JPB, Peres ARMN, Paixão TP, Silva ASB, Baetas AC, Barbosa WLR, Monteiro MC, Andrade MA. Antifungal Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Chrysobalanus icaco Against Oral Clinical Isolates of Candida Species. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9:96-100. [PMID: 28250661 PMCID: PMC5330111 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.199772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chrysobalanus icaco is a medicinal plant commonly used to treat fungal infections in Brazilian Amazonian region. Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of C. icaco (HECi) against oral clinical isolates of Candida spp. and to determine the pharmacognostic parameters of the herbal drug and the phytochemical characteristics of HECi. Materials and Methods: The pharmacognostic characterization was performed using pharmacopoeial techniques. Phytochemical screening, total flavonoid content, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were used to investigate the chemical composition of the HECi. A broth microdilution method was used to determine the antifungal activity of the extract against 11 oral clinical isolates of Candida spp. Results: Herbal drug presented parameters which were within the limits set forth in current Brazilian legislation. A high amount of flavonoid content (132,959.33 ± 12,598.23 μg quercetin equivalent/g of extract) was found in HECi. Flavonoids such as myricetin and rutin were detected in the extract by HPLC analyses. HECi showed antifungal activity against oral isolates of Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis (minimum inhibitory concentrations [MIC] 3.12 and 6.25 mg/mL, respectively), and C. albicans American American Type Culture Collection (MIC <1.56 mg/mL). Conclusion: HECi was shown to possess antifungal activity against Candida species with clinical importance in the development of oral candidiasis, and these activities may be related to its chemical composition. The antifungal activity detected for C. icaco against Candida species with clinical importance in the development of oral candidiasis can be attributed to the presence of flavonoids in HECi, characterized by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. SUMMARY Chrysobalanus icaco presents a high amount of flavonoids in its constitution LC analysis was able to identify the flavonoids myricetin and rutin in C. icaco hydroalcoholic extract The C. icaco hydroalcoholic extract inhibits the growth of oral clinical isolates of Candida spp. and Candida albicans American Type Culture Collection.
Abbreviations Used: HECi: Hydroalcoholic extract of C. icaco; HPLC: High performance liquid chromatography; AlCl3: Aluminum chloride; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; CH3NOONa: Sodium acetate; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; ATCC: American Type Culture Collection; EMBRAPA: Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation – Eastern Amazon; v/v: Volume per volume; SD: Standard deviation; TFC: Total flavonoid content; w/v: Weight per volume; ELSD: Evaporative light scattering detector; DAD: Diode-arrange detector; UFPA: Federal University of Pará; IEC: Evandro Chagas Institute; INCQS-FIOCRUZ: National Institute of Quality Control in Health – Fundação Oswaldo Cruz; SDA: Sabouraud Dextrose Agar; CFU: Colony-forming units; MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentrations; MFC: Minimum fungicidal concentrations
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Bastos Silva
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ana Regina Maués Noronha Peres
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Thiago Portal Paixão
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Andressa Santa Brígida Silva
- Pharmaceutical Innovation Graduate Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Baetas
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Wagner Luiz Ramos Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Pharmaceutical Innovation Graduate Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marcieni Ataíde Andrade
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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White PAS, Cercato LM, Batista VS, Camargo EA, De Lucca W, Oliveira AS, Silva FT, Goes TC, Oliveira ERA, Moraes VRS, Nogueira PCL, De Oliveira E Silva AM, Quintans-Junior LJ, Lima BS, Araújo AAS, Santos MRV. Aqueous extract of Chrysobalanus icaco leaves, in lower doses, prevent fat gain in obese high-fat fed mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 179:92-100. [PMID: 26723470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Due to the rise in obesity, the necessity for resources and treatments that could reduce the morbidity and mortality associated to this pandemia has emerged. The development of new anti-obesity drugs through herbal sources has been increasing in the past decades which are being used not only as medicine but also as food supplements. Previous studies with the aqueous extract of Chrysobalanus icaco L (AECI) have demonstrated activity on lowering blood glucose levels and body weight. AIM OF THE STUDY Investigate C. icaco effects in overall adiposity and glycemic homeostasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to standard chow (SC) or high-fat diet (HFD) and treated with AECI in 0.35mg/mL or 0.7mg/mL concentrations ad libitum. Food intake, feed efficiency, metabolic efficiency, body, fat pads and gastrocnemius weight, adiposity index, serum lipids, fecal lipid excretion, locomotor activity in the open field test and insulin and glucose tolerance tests were analyzed and compared. The major components of the extract were demonstrated through HPLC and its antioxidant activity analyzed through DPPH and lipid peroxidation. RESULTS The AECI in the 0.35mg/mL concentration did not affect food intake or body weight. However, it promoted lower adipose tissue gain, TG levels, and fecal lipid excretion, increased locomotor activity and lean mass weight, and normalized insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Moreover, AECI showed the presence of myricetin 3-O-glucuronide, rutin, quercitrin and myricitrin and demonstrated high-antioxidant activity. CONCLUSIONS AECI in lower concentrations can prevent fat storage or enhance fat utilization through the increase of locomotor activity. Also, this reinforces its ability to maintain glucose homeostasis through the normalization of insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance despite the high-fat diet intake. These activities could be associated to the extract's polyphenol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A S White
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
| | - L M Cercato
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - V S Batista
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - E A Camargo
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - W De Lucca
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - A S Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - F T Silva
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - T C Goes
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - E R A Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - V R S Moraes
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - P C L Nogueira
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | | | - L J Quintans-Junior
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - B S Lima
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - A A S Araújo
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - M R V Santos
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
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