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Yu Q, Aimaier R, Chung MH, Cui X, Li Y, Wang Z, Li Q. Establishment and characterization of an immortalized human giant congenital melanocytic nevi cell line. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:356-368. [PMID: 35218152 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatments for giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) are extremely limited. Thus, there is an urgent need for development of relevant targeted therapies. However, current lack of preclinical cell models restricts progress in GCMN research. In this study, we aimed to establish and characterize an immortalized GCMN cell line. GCMN cells were successfully immortalized by means of lentivirus-mediated simian virus 40 large T transfection. The immortalized GNC cell line (ImGNC) showed lower proliferation rate and higher melanin content than primary melanocytes. Expression levels of the differentiation gene MITF and stemness genes TWIST1, SNAI1, and FOXD3 were elevated in ImGNCs; however, the established ImGNC cell line was immortalized but not transformed. Sanger sequencing detected the heterozygous NRASQ61K mutation in ImGNCs, but not the BRAFV600E mutation. Despite carrying the NRASQ61K allele, ImGNCs demonstrated suppressed MAPK activation and elevated PI3K/Akt activation, as compared with primary melanocytes. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that ImGNCs are more sensitive to PI3K/Akt and Bcl-2 inhibitors than to MEK or ERK inhibitors. Unlike the proliferation-inhibiting effect of PI3K/Akt inhibitors, the Bcl-2 inhibitor navitoclax promptly promoted apoptosis in ImGNCs. Considering the low proliferation characteristics of GCMN in vivo, Bcl-2 may be a potential therapeutic target that warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiong Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rehanguli Aimaier
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Hon Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwei Cui
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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2
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Peterson C, Toll SA, Kolb B, Poulik JM, Reyes-Mugica M, Sood S, Haridas A, Wang ZJ, Marupudi NI. Novel Finding of Copy Number Gains in GNAS and Loss of 10q in a Child With Malignant Transformation of Neurocutaneous Melanosis Syndrome. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 5:33-38. [PMID: 34994589 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Peterson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI.,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Stephanie A Toll
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI
| | - Bradley Kolb
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Janet M Poulik
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Sandeep Sood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI.,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.,Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI
| | - Abilash Haridas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI.,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.,Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI
| | - Zhihong Joanne Wang
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI
| | - Neena I Marupudi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI.,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.,Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI
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3
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Jain M, Tran S, Thakur S, Nagashima Y, Anderson R, Narendran A. Lin28A/ let-7 oncogenic circuit is a potential therapeutic target in neurocutaneous melanosis-associated CNS tumors in children. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 3:vdaa174. [PMID: 33506207 PMCID: PMC7813159 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Son Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Satbir Thakur
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aru Narendran
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Thakur S, Ruan Y, Zhang C, Lun X, Jayanthan A, Narendran A. Human SNF5 arming of double-deleted vaccinia virus shows oncolytic and cytostatic activity against central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:739-744. [PMID: 32678303 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare, aggressive tumor that most often affects very young children. The common decisive molecular defect in AT/RT has been shown to be a single genetic alteration, i.e., the loss of hSNF5 gene that encodes for a subunit of the SWI/SNF complex that modulates chromatin remodeling activities. As a result, AT/RT cells display unregulated cell proliferation due to the dysfunction of an important epigenetic control. We have previously demonstrated the preclinical efficacy of the oncolytic double-deleted vaccinia virus (VVDD) against AT/RT. Here we report the establishment of a modified VVDD engineered to express wild type hSNF5 gene. We show that this reconstructed vaccinia virus retains comparable infectivity and in vitro cytotoxicity of the parent strain. However, in addition, hSNF5-arming of VVDD results in a decreased cell cycle S phase population and down-regulation of cyclin D1. These findings suggest that hSNF5-arming of VVDD may increase the efficacy in the treatment of AT/RT and validates, as a proof-of-concept, an experimental approach to enhance the effective use of novel modified oncolytic viruses in the treatment of tumors with loss of a tumor suppressor gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satbir Thakur
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplant, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yibing Ruan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplant, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Chunfen Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplant, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Xueqing Lun
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplant, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Aru Narendran
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplant, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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NRAS(Q61K) mutated primary leptomeningeal melanoma in a child: case presentation and discussion on clinical and diagnostic implications. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:512. [PMID: 27439913 PMCID: PMC4955223 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary melanocytic neoplasms are rare in the pediatric age. Among them, the pattern of neoplastic meningitis represents a peculiar diagnostic challenge since neuroradiological features may be subtle and cerebrospinal fluid analysis may not be informative. Clinical misdiagnosis of neoplastic meningitis with tuberculous meningitis has been described in few pediatric cases, leading to a significant delay in appropriate management of patients. We describe the case of a child with primary leptomeningeal melanoma (LMM) that was initially misdiagnosed with tuberculous meningitis. We review the clinical and molecular aspects of LMM and discuss on clinical and diagnostic implications. Case presentation A 27-month-old girl with a 1-week history of vomiting with mild intermittent strabismus underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging, showing diffuse brainstem and spinal leptomeningeal enhancement. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was unremarkable. Antitubercular treatment was started without any improvement. A spinal intradural biopsy was suggestive for primary leptomeningeal melanomatosis. Chemotherapy was started, but general clinical conditions progressively worsened and patient died 11 months after diagnosis. Molecular investigations were performed post-mortem on tumor tissue and revealed absence of BRAFV600E, GNAQQ209 and GNA11Q209 mutations but the presence of a NRASQ61K mutation. Conclusions Our case adds some information to the limited experience of the literature, confirming the presence of the NRASQ61K mutation in children with melanomatosis. To our knowledge, this is the first case of leptomeningeal melanocytic neoplasms (LMN) without associated skin lesions to harbor this mutation. Isolated LMN presentation might be insidious, mimicking tuberculous meningitis, and should be suspected if no definite diagnosis is possible or if antitubercular treatment does not result in dramatic clinical improvement. Leptomeningeal biopsy should be considered, not only to confirm diagnosis of LMN but also to study molecular profile. Further molecular profiling and preclinical models will be pivotal in testing combination of target therapy to treat this challenging disease.
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Küsters-Vandevelde HVN, Küsters B, van Engen-van Grunsven ACH, Groenen PJTA, Wesseling P, Blokx WAM. Primary melanocytic tumors of the central nervous system: a review with focus on molecular aspects. Brain Pathol 2015; 25:209-26. [PMID: 25534128 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary melanocytic tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) represent a spectrum of rare tumors. They can be benign or malignant and occur in adults as well as in children, the latter often in the context of neurocutaneous melanosis. Until recently, the genetic alterations in these tumors were largely unknown. This is in contrast with cutaneous and uveal melanomas, which are known to harbor distinct oncogenic mutations that can be used as targets for treatment with small-molecule inhibitors in the advanced setting. Recently, novel insights in the molecular alterations underlying primary melanocytic tumors of the CNS were obtained, including different oncogenic mutations in tumors in adult patients (especially GNAQ, GNA11) vs. children (especially NRAS). In this review, the focus is on molecular characteristics of primary melanocytic tumors of the CNS. We summarize what is known about their genetic alterations and discuss implications for pathogenesis and differential diagnosis with other pigmented tumors in or around the CNS. Finally, new therapeutic options with targeted therapy are discussed.
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7
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Basu D, Salgado CM, Bauer BS, Johnson D, Rundell V, Nikiforova M, Khakoo Y, Gunwaldt LJ, Panigrahy A, Reyes-Múgica M. Nevospheres from neurocutaneous melanocytosis cells show reduced viability when treated with specific inhibitors of NRAS signaling pathway. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:528-37. [PMID: 26354928 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocutaneous melanocytosis (NCM) is characterized by clonal nevomelanocytic proliferations in the CNS and skin. Given the scarcity of effective therapeutic targets, testing new drugs requires a reliable and reproducible in vitro cellular model of the disease. METHODS We generated nevomelanocytic spheroids in vitro from lesions of the spinal cord, brain, and skin from 4 NCM patients. Nevomelanocytic cells were grown as monolayers or spheroids and their growth characteristics were evaluated. Cultured cell identity was confirmed by demonstration of the same NRAS mutation found in the original lesions and by immunophenotyping. Nevomelanocytic spheroids were treated with inhibitors of specific mediators of the NRAS signaling pathway (vemurafenib, MEK162, GDC0941, and GSK2126458). Drug sensitivity and cell viability were assessed. RESULTS Cultured cells were growth-factor dependent, grew as spheroids on Geltrex matrix, and maintained their clonogenicity in vitro over passages. Skin-derived cells formed more colonies than CNS-derived cells. Inhibitors of specific mediators of the NRAS signaling pathway reduced viability of NRAS mutated cells. The highest effect was obtained with GSK2126458, showing a viability reduction below 50%. CONCLUSIONS NRAS mutated cells derived from clinical NCM samples are capable of continuous growth as spheroid colonies in vitro and retain their genetic identity. Drugs targeting the NRAS signaling pathway reduce in vitro viability of NCM cells. NCM lesional spheroids represent a new and reliable experimental model of NCM for use in drug testing and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Basu
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.B., C.M.S., M.R.M.); Department of Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (L.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.P.); Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Northbrook, Illinois (B.S.B., D.J., V.R.); Division of Molecular Genomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.N.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Y.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Y.K.)
| | - Cláudia M Salgado
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.B., C.M.S., M.R.M.); Department of Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (L.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.P.); Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Northbrook, Illinois (B.S.B., D.J., V.R.); Division of Molecular Genomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.N.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Y.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Y.K.)
| | - Bruce S Bauer
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.B., C.M.S., M.R.M.); Department of Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (L.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.P.); Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Northbrook, Illinois (B.S.B., D.J., V.R.); Division of Molecular Genomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.N.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Y.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Y.K.)
| | - Donald Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.B., C.M.S., M.R.M.); Department of Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (L.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.P.); Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Northbrook, Illinois (B.S.B., D.J., V.R.); Division of Molecular Genomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.N.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Y.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Y.K.)
| | - Veronica Rundell
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.B., C.M.S., M.R.M.); Department of Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (L.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.P.); Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Northbrook, Illinois (B.S.B., D.J., V.R.); Division of Molecular Genomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.N.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Y.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Y.K.)
| | - Marina Nikiforova
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.B., C.M.S., M.R.M.); Department of Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (L.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.P.); Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Northbrook, Illinois (B.S.B., D.J., V.R.); Division of Molecular Genomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.N.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Y.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Y.K.)
| | - Yasmin Khakoo
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.B., C.M.S., M.R.M.); Department of Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (L.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.P.); Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Northbrook, Illinois (B.S.B., D.J., V.R.); Division of Molecular Genomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.N.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Y.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Y.K.)
| | - Lorelei J Gunwaldt
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.B., C.M.S., M.R.M.); Department of Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (L.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.P.); Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Northbrook, Illinois (B.S.B., D.J., V.R.); Division of Molecular Genomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.N.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Y.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Y.K.)
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.B., C.M.S., M.R.M.); Department of Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (L.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.P.); Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Northbrook, Illinois (B.S.B., D.J., V.R.); Division of Molecular Genomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.N.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Y.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Y.K.)
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.B., C.M.S., M.R.M.); Department of Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (L.J.G.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.P.); Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Northbrook, Illinois (B.S.B., D.J., V.R.); Division of Molecular Genomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.N.); Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Y.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Y.K.)
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8
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Ruan Y, Kovalchuk A, Jayanthan A, Lun X, Nagashima Y, Kovalchuk O, Wright JR, Pinto A, Kirton A, Anderson R, Narendran A. Druggable targets in pediatric neurocutaneous melanocytosis: Molecular and drug sensitivity studies in xenograft and ex vivo tumor cell culture to identify agents for therapy. Neuro Oncol 2014; 17:822-31. [PMID: 25395461 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocutaneous melanocytosis (NCM) is a rare congenital disorder that presents with pigmented cell lesions of the brain or leptomeninges in children with large or multiple congenital melanocytic nevi. Although the exact pathological processes involved are currently unclear, NCM appears to arise from an abnormal development of melanoblasts or melanocyte precursors. Currently, it has an extremely poor prognosis due to rapid disease progression and lack of effective treatment modalities. METHODS In this study, we report on an experimental approach to examining NCM cells by establishing subcutaneous tumors in nude mice, which can be further expanded for conducting molecular and drug sensitivity experiments. RESULTS Analysis of the NRAS gene-coding sequences of an established NCM cell line (YP-MEL) and NCM patient cells revealed heterogeneity in NRAS Q61K that activated mutation and possibly consequential differential sensitivity to MEK inhibition. Gene expression studies were performed to compare the molecular profiles of NCM cells with normal skin fibroblasts. In vitro cytotoxicity screens of libraries of targeted small-molecule inhibitors revealed prospective agents for further evaluation. CONCLUSIONS Our studies provide an experimental platform for the generation of NCM cells for preclinical studies and the production of molecular and in vitro data with which to identify druggable targets for the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Ruan
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
| | - Anna Kovalchuk
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
| | - Aarthi Jayanthan
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
| | - Xueqing Lun
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
| | - James R Wright
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
| | - Alfredo Pinto
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
| | - Adam Kirton
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
| | - Aru Narendran
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital and POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Y.R., A.J., X.L., R.A., A.N.); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada (A.K., O.K.); Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.N.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada (J.R.W., A.P.); Department of Neurology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (A.K.)
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9
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Abstract
Neurocutaneous melanosis or neurocutaneous melanocytosis is a rare sporadic congenital disorder characterized by the presence of giant and/or multiple satellite congenital melanocytic nevi in the skin and benign melanocytic pigmentation of the leptomeninges. These two defining features were recognized more than a century ago. A third characteristic feature is proliferative nodules arising from giant nevi. The etiology is unknown, but neurocutaneous melanosis is considered a developmental disorder of melanocyte precursors from neural crest. The distinctive unique distribution of the congenital giant nevi that gives a "garment" appearance is also an expression of the neural crest. The neurological manifestations often appear in infancy.The special association of neurocutaneous melanosis with Dandy-Walker malformation complex may be explained by a common pathogenesis. Mortality in infancy and childhood is high.
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10
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Sato H, Nagashima Y, Chrousos GP, Ichihashi M, Funasak Y. The expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone in melanoma. PIGMENT CELL RESEARCH 2002; 15:98-103. [PMID: 11936276 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0749.2002.1o063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that advanced melanoma cells express high amounts of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) that correlate with tumor progression. We now investigated whether the high expression of POMC derives from increased expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and the possible role of CRH as a melanoma growth factor. Forty-five cases of melanoma [25 primary malignant melanoma; 20 metastatic melanoma (MetM)] were immunohistochemically analysed for coexpression of POMC and CRH peptides. The ability of CRH to induce POMC expression in cultured melanoma cells was examined using CRH and a CRH antagonist. In CRH positive melanomas, seven out of nine cases (78%) of primary melanoma, and 7 out of 12 cases (58%) of MetM showed colocalization of CRH and POMC peptides. CRH induced POMC mRNA expression, an effect that was inhibited by a CRH antagonist. These results provide evidence for the existence of the CRH/POMC axis in pigmented lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan
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11
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Abstract
Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is associated most commonly with giant congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN), in particular those on the scalp or in a posterior axial location that are accompanied by satellite congenital nevi. It also can occur in patients with multiple medium-sized CMN. In general, the prognosis of those with symptomatic NCM is poor, even in the absence of malignancy, while the prognosis of those with asymptomatic NCM detected via screening varies and is more difficult to predict. Herein we report an asymptomatic patient with a giant CMN and multiple satellite nevi who had a screening magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study at age 5 months that showed a rounded area of increased signal in the right temporal lobe on T1-weighted images, suggestive of parenchymal melanosis. This melanotic mass was resected at age 10 months, and histologic examination of the surgical specimen showed prominent perivascular collections of benign, pigment-containing melanocytes within cerebral tissue. The patient remains healthy 8 years later. His excellent long-term outcome and other reports of NCM with localized central nervous system (CNS) involvement apparent on MRI may have implications for management, including early imaging of patients with high-risk CMN and potential surgical intervention for NCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Schaffer
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
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12
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Takayama H, Nagashima Y, Hara M, Takagi H, Mori M, Merlino G, Nakazato Y. Immunohistochemical detection of the c-met proto-oncogene product in the congenital melanocytic nevus of an infant with neurocutaneous melanosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001; 44:538-40. [PMID: 11209133 DOI: 10.1067/mjd.2001.112403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic mice overexpressing hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) demonstrate extensive pigmented nevi in both skin and leptomeninges of the central nervous system resembling human neurocutaneous melanosis. We immunohistochemically detected HGF/SF receptor, Met, in a congenital nevus of an infant with neurocutaneous melanosis, indicating that deregulation of HGF/SF-Met signaling in the critical period of development may lead to this fatal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takayama
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.
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