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Parks CG, Costenbader KH, Long S, Hofmann JN, Beane FLE, Sandler DP. Pesticide use and risk of systemic autoimmune diseases in the Agricultural Health Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112862. [PMID: 35123967 PMCID: PMC9205340 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk has been associated with pesticide use, but evidence on specific pesticides or other agricultural exposures is lacking. We investigated history of pesticide use and risk of SLE and a related disease, Sjögren's syndrome (SS), in the Agricultural Health Study. METHODS The study sample (N = 54,419, 52% male, enrolled in 1993-1997) included licensed pesticide applicators from North Carolina and Iowa and spouses who completed any of the follow-up questionnaires (1999-2003, 2005-2010, 2013-2015). Self-reported cases were confirmed by medical records or medication use (total: 107 incident SLE or SS, 79% female). We examined ever use of 31 pesticides and farm tasks and exposures reported at enrollment in association with SLE/SS, using Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), with age as the timescale and adjusting for gender, state, and correlated pesticides. RESULTS In older participants (>62 years), SLE/SS was associated with ever use of the herbicide metribuzin (HR 5.33; 95%CI 2.19, 12.96) and applying pesticides 20+ days per year (2.97; 1.20, 7.33). Inverse associations were seen for petroleum oil/distillates (0.39; 0.18, 0.87) and the insecticide carbaryl (0.56; 0.36, 0.87). SLE/SS was inversely associated with having a childhood farm residence (0.59; 0.39, 0.91), but was not associated with other farm tasks/exposures (except welding, HR 2.65; 95%CI 0.96, 7.35). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that some agricultural pesticides may be associated with higher or lower risk of SLE/SS. However, the overall risk associated with farming appears complex, involving other factors and childhood exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Parks
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - K H Costenbader
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Long
- Westat, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - J N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Freeman L E Beane
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - D P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Munir MA, Anjum KM, Javid A, Khan N, Jianming C, Naseer J, Anjum A, Usman S, Shahzad M, Hafeez S, Hussain T, Saeed A, Badeni AH, Mansoor MK, Hussain I. Sublethal toxicity of carbofuran in cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis coromandus): hematological, biochemical, and histopathological alterations. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e255055. [PMID: 35019107 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.255055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate Carbofuran (CF)-induced pathological changes in cattle egret. Two hundred cattle egrets were reared and equally divided into four groups and given different CF concentrations (0.03 mg/L, 0.02 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L and 0 mg/L (control group)). Hematology, serum biochemistry, histopathology, and immunological markers were studied. Our results confirm that CF induces anemic conditions, leukocytosis, elevated liver enzymatic activity, and alterations in renal biomarkers. Moreover, specific microscopic lesions such as multifocal necrosis, pyknotic nuclei, hemorrhages, congestion, and inflammatory cell proliferation were observed in the liver, kidney, spleen, and thymus. These findings suggest that CF can induce harmful effects, so the application of this pesticide in the field must be strictly monitored to mitigate the possibility of exposure to non-target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Munir
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife & Ecology, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Pakistan
| | - K M Anjum
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife & Ecology, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Pakistan
| | - A Javid
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife & Ecology, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Pakistan
| | - N Khan
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Pakistan
| | - C Jianming
- Minjiang University, Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou, China
| | - J Naseer
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - A Anjum
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Pathology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - S Usman
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Pathology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Shahzad
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Pathology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Hafeez
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Department of Forestry and Range Management, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - T Hussain
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - A Saeed
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - A H Badeni
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife & Ecology, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Pakistan
| | - M K Mansoor
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - I Hussain
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Department of Pathobiology, Multan, Pakistan
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3
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Zeljezic D, Vrdoljak AL, Kopjar N, Radic B, Milkovic Kraus S. Cholinesterase-inhibiting and genotoxic effects of acute carbofuran intoxication in man: a case report. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 103:329-35. [PMID: 18699799 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbofuran belongs to the group of N-methylcarbamate insecticides used for the control of soil-dwelling and foliar-feeding insects in various crops; its consumption totals approximately 20,000 tonnes per year. Although the neurological effects on human beings have been well documented, little is known on its impact on the genome. A 38-year-old, healthy male worker employed in a carbofuran production facility accidentally inhaled the dust of the active ingredient carbofuran. Thirty minutes later, he experienced weakness, fatigue, perspiration, breathing difficulties, cephalalgia, disorientation, abdominal pain and vomiting. Blood samples were taken to measure cholinesterase activity, and to perform the alkaline comet assay and micronucleus assay combined with pancentromeric probes. Analyses were repeated 72 hr after intoxication and compared with the results obtained from regular monitoring conducted 10 days prior to the accident. Cholinesterase activity showed the highest correlation with the number of apoptotic cells, comet assay tail length, and number of long-tailed nuclei, suggesting that these are the genomic end-points primarily affected by carbofuran intake. Only a weak correlation was detected for the total number of micronuclei, centromere-containing micronuclei and nuclear buds. Since those end-points increased significantly 72 hr after the accident, they could be considered as late biomarkers of the effects of carbofuran intoxication. The results of this report suggest that, in the interests of higher standards in risk assessment and health hazard protection, periodical medical examination of carbamate-exposed populations should include genotoxicity testing in addition to the assessment of cholinesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Zeljezic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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4
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Dhouib I, Jallouli M, Annabi A, Marzouki S, Gharbi N, Elfazaa S, Lasram MM. From immunotoxicity to carcinogenicity: the effects of carbamate pesticides on the immune system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9448-9458. [PMID: 26988364 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The immune system can be the target of many chemicals, with potentially severe adverse effects on the host's health. In the literature, carbamate (CM) pesticides have been implicated in the increasing prevalence of diseases associated with alterations of the immune response, such as hypersensitivity reactions, some autoimmune diseases and cancers. CMs may initiate, facilitate, or exacerbate pathological immune processes, resulting in immunotoxicity by induction of mutations in genes coding for immunoregulatory factors and modifying immune tolerance. In the present study, direct immunotoxicity, endocrine disruption and inhibition of esterases activities have been introduced as the main mechanisms of CMs-induced immune dysregulation. Moreover, the evidence on the relationship between CM pesticide exposure, dysregulation of the immune system and predisposition to different types of cancers, allergies, autoimmune and infectious diseases is criticized. In addition, in this review, we will discuss the relationship between immunotoxicity and cancer, and the advances made toward understanding the basis of cancer immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Dhouib
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie.
- Ecole Supérieure Privée des Ingénieurs et des Etudes Technologiques, Université Arabe des Sciences, Tunis, Tunisie.
| | - Manel Jallouli
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Alya Annabi
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Soumaya Marzouki
- Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Najoua Gharbi
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Saloua Elfazaa
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Mohamed Montassar Lasram
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
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5
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6
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Dhouib IB, Lasram MM, Abdeladhim M, Gharbi N, Ahmed MB, El-Fazaa S. Immunosuppression and oxidative stress induced by subchronic exposure to carbosulfan in rat spleen: immunomodulatory and antioxidant role of N-acetylcysteine. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 24:417-27. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.928764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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7
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Effect of prochloraz fungicide on neopterin and biopterin concentrations in blood plasma of common carp. ACTA VET BRNO 2014. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201483020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neopterin and biopterin are often used as markers of cell mediated immunity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prochloraz on neopterin and biopterin concentrations in blood plasma of common carp as possible indicators for monitoring perturbations of the immune system caused by xenobiotics like pesticides. Prochloraz is a widely used imidazole fungicide in horticulture and agriculture. A total of 60 juvenile common carp were divided into four groups of 15 fish and exposed to prochloraz at concentrations of 0, 50, 150 and 380 µg·l-1, respectively. The total length of exposure was 28 days. Neopterin and biopterin concentrations were determined by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Our results indicated that concentrations of neopterin (25 ± 7.6 nmol·l-1) and biopterin (190 ± 29 nmol·l-1) in plasma of untreated common carp were comparable with those in mammals. Neopterin concentrations significantly (P< 0.01) increased after exposure to prochloraz in comparison to non-exposed fish, while biopterin concentrations were not influenced by exposure to prochloraz. This study contains new data on neopterin and biopterin concentrations in fish plasma and investigates neopterin and biopterin in their non-traditional role as markers of cell mediated immunity of fish associated with pesticide exposure.
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8
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Schwarz B, Brunthaler R, Hahn C, van den Hoven R. Outbreaks of equine grass sickness in Hungary. Vet Rec 2011; 170:75. [PMID: 22124026 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Equine grass sickness (EGS) occurs mainly in Great Britain, but has once been reported in Hungary. The stud which was affected by EGS in 2001 had no new cases until 2009/10, when 11 of 60 and five of 12 one- to three-year-old colts died or were euthanased due to EGS. Following a few hours in the high-risk field during the winter of 2010/11 further four cases of acute EGS were noted among these horses. The affected horses showed somewhat different clinical signs compared with the cases reported in Great Britain. Histopathological findings in these horses were consistent with EGS. In most examined cases carbofuran, a carbamate was found in the liver by toxicological examination, and it is postulated that carbofuran may influence the immune system and therefore predispose the horses to develop EGS. Carbamates are thought to cause a delayed neurotoxicity in human beings. Further studies are needed to clarify the potential role of carbamates in EGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schwarz
- Equine Clinic, Section Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz, 1 1210, Wien, Austria.
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9
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Fortes C. Lupus erythematosus. Are residential insecticides exposure the missing link? Med Hypotheses 2010; 75:590-3. [PMID: 20719436 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains to be fully elucidated, it is now apparent that multiple genetic and environmental factors are at play. Because lupus has a strong female preponderance, several studies have examined the role of female hormones in disease etiology. Yet this knowledge has not helped to explain lupus etiology or to prevent it. Estrogens exist not only as natural or drug compounds, but also as environmental chemical contaminant and women are highly exposed to all of them. Estrogenic activity has been found in a number of pesticides including pyrethroids that are largely used in the household. Although there is only a small amount of published data examining a possible causal relationship between lupus and pesticides it can be hypothesized that pesticides, in particular insecticides, through their estrogenic activity and capacity to induce oxidative stress provoke autoimmune reaction influencing lupus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fortes
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Roma, Italy.
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10
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Jung K, Kim Y, Lee H, Kim JT. Aspergillus fumigatus infection in two wild Eurasian black vultures (Aegypius monachus Linnaeus) with carbofuran insecticide poisoning: A case report. Vet J 2009; 179:307-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2007] [Revised: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Yan Y, Wanshun L, Baoqin H, Changhong W, Chenwei F, Bing L, Liehuan C. The antioxidative and immunostimulating properties of d-glucosamine. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:29-35. [PMID: 17161814 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant activity and immunostimulating property of glucosamine (GlcN) using various in vitro and in vivo tests. Results showed that GlcN possessed excellent antioxidant activities as manifested by strong chelating effect on ferrous ions and protection of macromolecules such as protein, lipid, and deoxyribose from oxidative damage induced by hydroxyl radicals. The immunostimulating effects of GlcN were further evaluated through various immunological tests. GlcN showed excellent activity of enhancing splenocyte proliferation. Neutral red pinocytosis and NO production in mouse peritoneal macrophages were significantly augmented. Oral administration of GlcN to mice for 20 days significantly enhanced the serum antibody level in mice in response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), increased the relative organ weight of spleen and thymus tissue, and promoted the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) against SRBC as compared with control group. In conclusion, the present investigation reveals GlcN is biologically functional in antioxidative activities and immunostimulating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yan
- Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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12
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Zhang L, Dong Y, Sun Y, Chen T, Xu Q. Role of four major components in the effect of Si-Ni-San, a traditional Chinese prescription, against contact sensitivity in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 58:1257-64. [PMID: 16945185 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.9.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated the inhibitory effects of Si-Ni-San, a traditional Chinese prescription, on picryl chloride-induced ear contact sensitivity (PCl-CS). This study aimed to evaluate the role of the four major constituents contained in the prescription (saikosaponins, paeoniflorin, naringin and glycyrrhizin) in the inhibitory effect. When administered during the induction phase, saikosaponin a and glycyrrhizin showed significant inhibitory effects, while paeoniflorin and naringin did not. These components in Si-Ni-San also inhibited the activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes as well as the production of cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma to different extents. Saikosaponin a and paeoniflorin dose-dependently reduced the splenocyte adhesion to type I collagen, while glycyrrhizin only showed a slight tendency. Furthermore, treatment with glycyrrhizin or saikosaponin a, rather than paeoniflorin or naringin, moderately inhibited the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity of the splenocytes from PCl-CS mice, and the combination of all four components showed a strong inhibition against MMP-2. Moreover, the components markedly decreased the serum level of nitric oxide in PCl-sensitized mice. The results indicated that saikosaponin a and glycyrrhizin may be the major contributors in the alleviation effect of Si-Ni-San on contact sensitivity, and paeoniflorin and naringin may exhibit a co-operative effect.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzoates/pharmacology
- Bridged-Ring Compounds/pharmacology
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Concanavalin A
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/blood
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/enzymology
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/immunology
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/prevention & control
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Female
- Flavanones/pharmacology
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Glycyrrhizic Acid/pharmacology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/chemistry
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Lymphocytes/enzymology
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Monoterpenes
- Nitric Oxide/blood
- Oleanolic Acid/analogs & derivatives
- Oleanolic Acid/pharmacology
- Picryl Chloride
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Saponins/pharmacology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/enzymology
- Spleen/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Han Kou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
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Sun Y, Liu J, Qian F, Xu Q. Nitric oxide inhibits T cell adhesion and migration by down-regulation of β1-integrin expression in immunologically liver-injured mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6:616-26. [PMID: 16504925 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2005] [Revised: 06/16/2005] [Accepted: 09/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study has reported that nitric oxide (NO) exerts a protective role in immunologically liver-injured mice induced by delayed-type hypersensitivity to picryl chloride. To explore the mechanism of the protection, we have now examined the effect of NO on T cell adhesion and migration. First, we isolated hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells from the liver-injured mice and separated the nonparenchymal cells into Kupffer cell-enriched and lymphocyte-enriched populations. When these hepatocytes or the fractions of nonparenchymal cells were co-cultured with spleen T cells of the liver-injured mice in a Transwell system, the adhesive potential of the T cells was significantly inhibited in the presence of hepatocytes or the Kupffer cell-enriched population but not the lymphocyte-enriched population of nonparenchymal cells. This effect was dependent on NO production. The NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) could reverse this inhibition of cell adhesion and also decrease NO production. To confirm this effect of NO on T cells, we further examined the role of exogenous or endogenous NO on the adhesive activity of the Jurkat T cell line. As a result, the NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the adhesion of Jurkat T cells. Furthermore, the binding ability of Jurkat T cells to collagen decreased gradually after co-incubation with macrophages stimulated by LPS+IFN-gamma, an effect which correlated well with the increasing NO level in the medium. Such opposite changes in cell adhesion and in NO production were also markedly reversed by L-NMMA. Moreover, treatment with SNAP reduced adhesion, transmigration, matrix metalloproteinase-9 production and beta1-integrin expression of spleen T cells of the liver-injured mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that NO can function as a down-regulator of T cell mobility, which might be one of the mechanisms by which NO exerts its protective effect in T cell-mediated liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, China
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14
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Griffiths GD, Telford G, Hooi DSW, Cook DL, Wilkinson LJ, Green CA, Pritchard DI. A T-cell-dependent humoral immune response is preserved during the administration of the nerve agent pre-treatment pyridostigmine bromide in a murine model. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 5:525-40. [PMID: 15683849 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Revised: 10/28/2004] [Accepted: 10/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Immune regulation, either via the autonomic nervous system or by a proposed "non-neuronal" cholinergic system, suggests that the immune system may be susceptible to perturbation by compounds affecting cholinergic function. Here, the current UK and US nerve agent pre-treatment, pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and the related anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) compounds physostigmine (PHY) and BW284c51 were tested for their ability to affect mouse splenocyte function in vitro. In addition, PB, at a dose equivalent to that received during pre-treatment for nerve agent poisoning, was tested for its effect on a T-cell-dependent humoral response to antigen in vivo in the mouse. None of the anti-AChEs tested affected concanavalin A (Con A)-, anti-CD3- or lipopolysaccharide LPS-driven splenocyte proliferation, in vitro, at concentrations expected to give effective nerve agent pre-treatment. However, higher concentrations (>100 microM) particularly of PHY caused some inhibition of the proliferative responses. In vivo, PB or saline was administered via 28-day mini-osmotic pumps to give a 25-40% inhibition of whole blood AChE in the PB-treated animals. During PB or saline administration, primary and secondary doses (i.p.) of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were given and the humoral response determined by monitoring anti-SRBC IgM and IgG levels. Splenocytes isolated from the experimental animals were also examined for their proliferative and cytokine responses to stimulation. No remarkable effects of PB were seen during the period of AChE inhibition on the humoral immune response. However, a modest elevation in IL-2 and IFN(gamma) in Con A-stimulated lymphocytes was seen in PB-treated animals following pump removal. Overall these data suggest that, in vivo, the SRBC stimulated T-cell-dependent immune response is unaffected by the administration of PB at pre-treatment doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth D Griffiths
- Biomedical Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK.
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Wang J, Sun Y, Li Y, Xu Q. Aqueous extract from aerial parts of Artemisia vestita, a traditional Tibetan medicine, reduces contact sensitivity in mice by down-regulating the activation, adhesion and metalloproteinase production of T lymphocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 5:407-15. [PMID: 15652769 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2004] [Revised: 10/04/2004] [Accepted: 10/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, the effect of the aqueous extract from aerial parts of Artemisia vestita (AV-ext), a traditional Tibetan medicine, on ear contact sensitivity was examined. AV-ext significantly reduced the ear swelling when administered during the induction phase of picryl-chloride (PCl)-induced ear contact sensitivity in mice. The extract also showed a dose-dependent inhibition on lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production in Con A-activated spleen cells. The proliferation inhibition was confirmed in the mixed lymphocytes reaction. Furthermore, the adhesion of the isolated spleen cells from PCl-sensitized mice to type IV collagen was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner by AV-ext. Such decrease was also seen in AV-ext-treated Jurkat T cells and the T cells purified from above spleen cells. The purified spleen T cells from PCl-sensitized mice produced more matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) than naive T cells, and AV-ext remarkably reduced MMP-9 production both in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that AV-ext may alleviate contact sensitivity through blocking the activation of T lymphocytes and decreasing their localization to the inflammatory sites via down-regulating the potential of cell adhesion and metalloproteinase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jule Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Han Kou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
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Affiliation(s)
- MaryJane K Selgrade
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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Christin MS, Ménard L, Gendron AD, Ruby S, Cyr D, Marcogliese DJ, Rollins-Smith L, Fournier M. Effects of agricultural pesticides on the immune system of Xenopus laevis and Rana pipiens. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2004; 67:33-43. [PMID: 15019249 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2003.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2002] [Revised: 11/07/2003] [Accepted: 11/18/2003] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, there have been mass declines in diverse geographic locations among amphibian populations. Multiple causes have been suggested to explain this decline. Among these, environmental pollution is gaining attention. Indeed, some chemicals of environmental concern are known to alter the immune system. Given that amphibians are frequently exposed to agricultural pesticides, it is possible that these pollutants alter their immune system and render them more susceptible to different pathogens. In this study, we exposed two frog species, Xenopus laevis and Rana pipiens, for a short period of time to a mixture of pesticides (atrazine, metribuzine, endosulfan, lindane, aldicarb and dieldrin) representative in terms of composition and concentrations to what it is found in the environment of the southwest region of the province of Quebec. The pesticides were known to be present in surface water of many tributaries of the St. Lawrence River (Quebec, Canada). Our results demonstrate that the mixture of pesticides could alter the cellularity and phagocytic activity of X. laevis and the lymphocyte proliferation of R. pipiens. Taken together, these results indicate that agricultural pesticides can alter some aspects of the immune response in frogs and could contribute to their global decline by rendering them more susceptible to certain infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Christin
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier/Santé Humaine, 245 Hymus Blvd., Pointe-Claire, Que., Canada H9R 1G6
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Ayub S, Verma J, Das N. Effect of endosulfan and malathion on lipid peroxidation, nitrite and TNF-alpha release by rat peritoneal macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2003; 3:1819-28. [PMID: 14636831 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2003.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan and malathion are organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides, respectively. The toxicity of both the insecticides are well known on non-target organisms. Both endosulfan and malathion are reported to suppress humoral as well as cellular immune responses. We investigated the possible effect of both these insecticides on lipid peroxidation, nitrite production and TNF-alpha generation in rat peritoneal macrophages under in vitro conditions. Rat peritoneal cells were collected and cultured with or without insecticides and relevant stimulants for lipid peroxidation, generation of nitric oxide and TNF-alpha. FeSO(4) was used as an inducer for lipid peroxidation and LPS was used to induce nitric oxide synthase and release of TNF-alpha. Lipid peroxidation was assayed by estimating MDA; nitric oxide was determined by estimating nitrite and TNF-alpha by using an assay kit in culture supernatants. Both endosulfan and malathion had no effect on lipid peroxidation. Endosulfan did not have any influence on nitrite production, but suppressed the LPS-induced TNF-alpha generation. Malathion, however, showed a direct suppression on nitrite production and suppression of LPS-induced TNF-alpha generation. This study suggests that functional aberrations of macrophages may contribute significantly to the immunomodulation reported for these insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Ayub
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
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