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Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Central Mechanisms of Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity: Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Protein Adducts and Oxidant Stress. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:712-721. [PMID: 37567742 PMCID: PMC11257690 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is an analgesic and antipyretic drug used worldwide, which is safe at therapeutic doses. However, an overdose can induce liver injury and even liver failure. Mechanistic studies in mice beginning with the seminal papers published by B.B. Brodie's group in the 1970s have resulted in important insight into the pathophysiology. Although the metabolic activation of APAP with generation of a reactive metabolite, glutathione depletion, and protein adduct formation are critical initiating events, more recently, mitochondria have come into focus as an important target and decision point of cell death. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the induction of mitochondrial superoxide and peroxynitrite formation and its propagation through a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening caused by iron-catalyzed protein nitration, and the mitochondria-dependent nuclear DNA fragmentation. In addition, the role of adaptive mechanisms that can modulate the pathophysiology, including autophagy, mitophagy, nuclear erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 activation, and mitochondrial biogenesis, are discussed. Importantly, it is outlined how the mechanisms elucidated in mice translate to human hepatocytes and APAP overdose patients, and how this mechanistic insight explains the mechanism of action of the clinically approved antidote N-acetylcysteine and led to the recent discovery of a novel compound, fomepizole, which is currently under clinical development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in western countries. Extensive mechanistic research over the last several decades has revealed a central role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of APAP hepatotoxicity. This review article provides a comprehensive discussion of a) mitochondrial protein adducts and oxidative/nitrosative stress, b) mitochondria-regulated nuclear DNA fragmentation, c) adaptive mechanisms to APAP-induced cellular stress, d) translation of cell death mechanisms to overdose patients, and e) mechanism-based antidotes against APAP-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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2
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Liu X, Liu R, Wang Y. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde alleviates acetaminophen-induced liver injury via inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 710:149880. [PMID: 38581952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) occurs frequently and can be life-threatening. Increasing researches suggest that acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a leading cause of drug-induced liver injury. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (I3A) alleviates hepatic inflammation, fibrosis and atherosclerosis, suggesting a potential role in different disease development. However, the question of whether and how I3A protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury remains unanswered. In this study, we demonstrated that I3A treatment effectively mitigates acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Serum alanine/aspartate aminotransferases (ALT/AST), liver malondialdehyde (MDA) activity, liver glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels confirmed the protective effect of I3A against APAP-induced liver injury. Liver histological examination provided further evidence of I3A-induced protection. Mechanistically, I3A reduced the expression of apoptosis-related factors and oxidative stress, alleviating disease symptoms. Finally, I3A treatment improved survival in mice receiving a lethal dose of APAP. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that I3A modulates hepatotoxicity and can be used as a potential therapeutic agent for DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Liu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Stem Cell Research Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Immunological Innovation and Translation, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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Ma S, Cao W, Ma X, Ye X, Qin C, Li B, Liu W, Lu Q, Wu C, Fu X. Metabolomics reveals metabolites associated with hair follicle cycle in cashmere goats. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:208. [PMID: 38760765 PMCID: PMC11100241 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hair follicle is a skin accessory organ that regulates hair development, and its activity varies on a regular basis. However, the significance of metabolites in the hair follicle cycle has long been unknown. RESULTS Targeted metabolomics was used in this investigation to reveal the expression patterns of 1903 metabolites in cashmere goat skin during anagen to telogen. A statistical analysis was used to investigate the potential associations between metabolites and the hair follicle cycle. The findings revealed clear changes in the expression patterns of metabolites at various phases and in various feeding models. The majority of metabolites (primarily amino acids, nucleotides, their metabolites, and lipids) showed downregulated expression from anagen (An) to telogen (Tn), which was associated with gene expression, protein synthesis and transport, and cell structure, which reflected, to some extent, that the cells associated with hair follicle development are active in An and apoptotic in An-Tn. It is worth mentioning that the expression of vitamin D3 and 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine decreased and then increased, which may be related to the shorter and longer duration of outdoor light, which may stimulate the hair follicle to transition from An to catagen (Cn). In the comparison of different hair follicle development stages (An, Cn, and Tn) or feeding modes (grazing and barn feeding), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that common differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) (2'-deoxyadenosine, L-valine, 2'-deoxyuridine, riboflavin, cytidine, deoxyguanosine, L-tryptophan, and guanosine-5'-monophosphate) were enriched in ABC transporters. This finding suggested that this pathway may be involved in the hair follicle cycle. Among these DEMs, riboflavin is absorbed from food, and the expression of riboflavin and sugars (D-glucose and glycogen) in skin tissue under grazing was greater and lower than that during barn feeding, respectively, suggesting that eating patterns may also alter the hair follicle cycle. CONCLUSIONS The expression patterns of metabolites such as sugars, lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides in skin tissue affect hair follicle growth, in which 2'-deoxyadenosine, L-valine, 2'-deoxyuridine, riboflavin, cytidine, deoxyguanosine, L-tryptophan, and guanosine-5'-monophosphate may regulate the hair follicle cycle by participating in ABC transporters. Feeding practices may regulate hair follicle cycles by influencing the amount of hormones and vitamins expressed in the skin of cashmere goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Special Environments Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-sheep Cashmere-goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Wenzhi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Special Environments Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Xiaolin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Special Environments Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Xiaofang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Special Environments Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Chongkai Qin
- Xinjiang Aksu Prefecture Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center, Xinjiang, Aksu, 843000, China
| | - Bin Li
- Xinjiang Aksu Prefecture Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center, Xinjiang, Aksu, 843000, China
| | - Wenna Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-sheep Cashmere-goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Qingwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-sheep Cashmere-goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Cuiling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Special Environments Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China.
| | - Xuefeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Wool-sheep Cashmere-goat (XJYS1105), Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830011, China.
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Zhang GD, Wang LL, Zheng L, Wang SQ, Yang RQ, He YT, Wang JW, Zhao MY, Ding Y, Liu M, Yang TY, Wu BM, Cui H, Zhang L. A novel HDAC6 inhibitor attenuate APAP-induced liver injury by regulating MDH1-mediated oxidative stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111861. [PMID: 38484665 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) depletion, mitochondrial damage, and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity. Here, we demonstrated that the expression of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is highly elevated, whereas malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1) is downregulated in liver tissues and AML-12 cells induced by APAP. The therapeutic benefits of LT-630, a novel HDAC6 inhibitor on APAP-induced liver injury, were also substantiated. On this basis, we demonstrated that LT-630 improved the protein expression and acetylation level of MDH1. Furthermore, after overexpression of MDH1, an upregulated NADPH/NADP+ ratio and GSH level and decreased cell apoptosis were observed in APAP-stimulated AML-12 cells. Importantly, MDH1 siRNA clearly reversed the protection of LT-630 on APAP-stimulated AML-12 cells. In conclusion, LT-630 could ameliorate liver injury by modulating MDH1-mediated oxidative stress induced by APAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shi-Qi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Rong-Quan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yu-Ting He
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun-Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ming-Yu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yi Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tian-Yu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Bao-Ming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Hao Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Lin YH, Lin YC, Hou YT. Prospective Application of Tannic Acid in Acetaminophen (APAP)-Induced Acute Liver Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:317. [PMID: 38203487 PMCID: PMC10778794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of tannic acid (TA), a natural plant-derived polyphenol, on hepatocyte viability and function, focusing on both hepatoprotective and hepatocurative aspects within liver failure models. In an in vitro prevention model, the TA-containing group exhibited 1.5-fold and 59-fold higher relative cell viability and albumin synthesis, respectively, in injured mature hepatocytes (MHs) and 1.14-fold and 1.10-fold higher values in injured small hepatocytes (SHs), compared with the TA-free group. In the in vitro curative model, the TA-containing group exhibited 3.25-fold and 113-fold higher relative cell viability and albumin synthesis, respectively, in injured MHs and 0.36-fold and 3.55-fold higher values in injured SHs, compared with the TA-free group. In the in vivo disease model, the administration of 300 μL of 1 μg/mL TA significantly mitigated acute liver failure damage and post-APAP toxicity in mice. This was evident in serum analysis, where the levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin notably decreased, in agreement with histological observations. The study findings reveal that TA can enhance hepatic function at specific additive concentrations. Furthermore, even when injured by APAP, hepatocytes could revert to their preinjury state after additional TA supplementation. Additionally, pretreating hepatocytes with TA can alleviate subsequent damage. Thus, TA holds clinical potential in the treatment of APAP-induced liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yung-Te Hou
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-C.L.)
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6
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Djeungoue Petga MA, Kouam AF, Chougouo Kengne RD, Galani Tietcheu BR, Louokdom JS, Ngantchouko Ngalemo CB, Chuisseu Djamen PD, Moundipa PF. Comparative assessment of hepatoprotective properties of Artesunate and flavonoids from Artemisia annua on acetaminophen and carbon tetrachloride-induced cytotoxicity in primary mice hepatocytes. Metabol Open 2023; 18:100241. [PMID: 37089824 PMCID: PMC10114220 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Artesunate (ART) is a semi-synthetized molecule from Artemisinin, an active compound isolated from the medicinal plant Artemisia annua, widely used for the treatment of malaria. Previous studies reported that ART may exert a dual effect on the liver. Accordingly, this study investigated the potential protective action of ART against Acetaminophen (APAP) and Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in primary mice hepatocytes, in comparison to that of flavonoid extracted from A. annua (FAA). In addition, the antioxidant properties of FAA were also assessed. Methods The antioxidant activities of FAA and Ascorbic acid (ASC) (0.01-100 μg/mL) were assessed through inhibition of lipid peroxidation, reduction of ferric and phosphomolydenum, and hydroxyl and DPPH radicals scavenging assays. The hepatoprotective effects of FAA and ART (0.1-100 μg/mL) were evaluated against APAP (11 mM) or CCl4 (4 mM) induced oxidative damage in primary mouse hepatocytes. Biochemical parameters associated with hepatotoxicity assessed include cell viability, cell membrane integrity, cellular glutathione, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Results The obtained finding revealed FAA displayed a remarkable antioxidant activities as evidenced by the low IC50/EC50 values (3.85-19.32 μg/mL), comparable to that of ASC (3.26-18.04 μg/mL). When tested at 10 μg/mL, both FAA and ART significantly (p˂0.05) preserved cell viability, inhibited alanine aminotransferase leakage and lipid membrane peroxidation, and restored superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and glutathione content induced by APAP or CCl4 in a similar way as Silymarin. However, ART showed a significant (p˂0.05) cytotoxic effect on hepatocytes at 100 and 1000 μg/mL and did not confer obvious protection at 100 μg/mL. Conclusion Overall, our data demonstrated that ART harms mice hepatocytes at high concentration while conferring relative protection against APAP and CCl4-hepatotoxicity at low concentration. In contrast, FAA effectively protects liver cells without cytotoxicity effect, event at 100 μg/mL. Accordingly, ART should be given to the patient only under a medical prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnaud Fondjo Kouam
- Medical Research and Applied Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde 1, Cameroon
- Corresponding author. Medical Research and Applied Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.
| | | | - Boris Rosnay Galani Tietcheu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde 1, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, PO Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Josué Simo Louokdom
- Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, P.O. Box 208, Bangangté, Cameroon
| | | | - Pascal Dieudonné Chuisseu Djamen
- Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, P.O. Box 208, Bangangté, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde 1, Cameroon
- Corresponding author. Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, P.O. Box 208, Bangangté, Cameroon.
| | - Paul Fewou Moundipa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde 1, Cameroon
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7
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Kamimura N, Wolf AM, Yokota T, Nito C, Takahashi H, Ohta S. Transgenic type2 diabetes mouse models for in vivo redox measurement of hepatic mitochondrial oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130302. [PMID: 36577487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is involved in the progression of diabetes and its associated complications. However, it is unclear whether increased oxidative stress plays a primary role in the onset of diabetes or is a secondary indicator caused by tissue damage. Previous methods of analyzing oxidative stress have involved measuring the changes in oxidative stress biomarkers. Our aim is to identify a novel approach to clarify whether oxidative stress plays a primary role in the onset of diabetes. METHODS We constructed transgenic type 2 diabetes mouse models expressing redox-sensitive green fluorescent proteins (roGFPs) that distinguished between mitochondria and whole cells. Pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, and kidney redox states were measured in vivo. RESULTS Hepatic mitochondrial oxidation increased when the mice were 4 weeks old and continued to increase in an age-dependent manner. The increase in hepatic mitochondrial oxidation occurred simultaneously with weight gain and increased blood insulin levels before the blood glucose levels increased. Administering the oxidative stress inducer acetaminophen increased the vulnerability of the liver mitochondria to oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that oxidative stress in liver mitochondria in mice begins at the onset of diabetes rather than after the disease has progressed. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE RoGFP-expressing transgenic type 2 diabetes mouse models are effective and convenient tools for measuring hepatic mitochondrial redox statuses in vivo. These models may be used to assess mitochondria-targeting antioxidants and establish the role of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Kamimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Clinical Research, Collaborative Research Center, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Alexander M Wolf
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokota
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikako Nito
- Laboratory for Clinical Research, Collaborative Research Center, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Clinical Research, Collaborative Research Center, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Ohta
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Arlt J, Vlaic S, Feuer R, Thomas M, Settmacher U, Dahmen U, Dirsch O. Selective gene expression profiling contributes to a better understanding of the molecular pathways underlying the histological changes observed after RHMVL. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:211. [PMID: 36207717 PMCID: PMC9547442 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In previous studies, five vasoactive drugs were investigated for their effect on the recovery process after extended liver resection without observing relevant improvements. We hypothesized that an analysis of gene expression could help to identify potentially druggable pathways and could support the selection of promising drug candidates. Methods Liver samples obtained from rats after combined 70% partial hepatectomy and right median hepatic vein ligation (n = 6/group) sacrificed at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 7days were selected for this study. Liver samples were collected from differentially perfused regions of the median lobe (obstruction-zone, border-zone, normal-zone). Gene expression profiling of marker genes regulating hepatic hemodynamics, vascular remodeling, and liver regeneration was performed with microfluidic chips. We used 3 technical replicates from each sample. Raw data were normalized using LEMming and differentially expressed genes were identified using LIMMA. Results The strongest differences were found in obstruction-zone at 24 h and 48 h postoperatively compared to all other groups. mRNA expression of marker genes from hepatic hemodynamics pathways (iNOS,Ptgs2,Edn1) was most upregulated. Conclusion These upregulated genes suggest a strong vasoconstrictive effect promoting arterial hypoperfusion in the obstruction-zone. Reducing iNOS expression using selective iNOS inhibitors seems to be a promising approach to promote vasodilation and liver regeneration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01364-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Arlt
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Vlaic
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ronny Feuer
- Institute for System Dynamics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria Thomas
- Dr. Magarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Utz Settmacher
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Samuvel DJ, Nguyen NT, Jaeschke H, Lemasters JJ, Wang X, Choo YM, Hamann MT, Zhong Z. Platanosides, a Potential Botanical Drug Combination, Decrease Liver Injury Caused by Acetaminophen Overdose in Mice. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1779-1788. [PMID: 35815804 PMCID: PMC9788857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. Platanosides (PTSs) isolated from the American sycamore tree (Platanus occidentalis) represent a potential new four-molecule botanical drug class of antibiotics active against drug-resistant infectious disease. Preliminary studies have suggested that PTSs are safe and well tolerated and have antioxidant properties. The potential utility of PTSs in decreasing APAP hepatotoxicity in mice in addition to an assessment of their potential with APAP for the control of infectious diseases along with pain and pyrexia associated with a bacterial infection was investigated. On PTS treatment in mice, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) release, hepatic centrilobular necrosis, and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were markedly decreased. In addition, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation decreased when mice overdosed with APAP were treated with PTSs. Computational studies suggested that PTSs may act as JNK-1/2 and Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitors and that the isomeric mixture could provide greater efficacy than the individual molecules. Overall, PTSs represent promising botanical drugs for hepatoprotection and drug-resistant bacterial infections and are effective in protecting against APAP-related hepatotoxicity, which decreases liver necrosis and inflammation, iNOS expression, and oxidative and nitrative stresses, possibly by preventing persistent JNK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devadoss J. Samuvel
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Nga T. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - John J. Lemasters
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People Republic of China
| | - Yeun-Mun Choo
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mark T. Hamann
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Zhi Zhong
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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10
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The concerted elevation of conjugation reactions is associated with the aggravation of acetaminophen toxicity in Akr1a-knockout mice with an ascorbate insufficiency. Life Sci 2022; 304:120694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Ficus exasperata Attenuates Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatic Damage via NF-κB Signaling Mechanism in Experimental Rat Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6032511. [PMID: 35655487 PMCID: PMC9155960 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6032511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ficus exasperata has been used to treat ulcer, diabetes, fever, and a variety of stress-related disorders. Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most common cause of drug-induced acute liver injury. In this study, we evaluated the hepatoprotective effect and antioxidant capacity of ethanolic extract of F. exasperata (EFE) on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Rats were pretreated with EFE (150, 250, 500 mg/kg) and thereafter received 250 mg/kg APA intraperitoneally (i.p.). The normal control group received distilled water, while the negative control group received 250 mg/kg APAP, respectively. Hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress-antioxidant parameters were then assessed. Flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and glycosides, but not phenolics were detected by EFE phytochemical analysis. No mortality was recorded on acute exposure of rats to varying concentrations of APAP after 24 h; however, a dose-dependent increase in severity of convulsion, urination, and hyperactivity was observed. APAP overdose induced high AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin levels in the serum, invoked lipid peroxidation, depleted GSH, decreased CAT, SOD, and GST levels, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO) level, myeloperoxidase activity, TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, COX-2, MCP-1, and IL-6 were also increased. Importantly, pretreatment of rats with EFE before acetaminophen ameliorated and restored cellular antioxidant status to levels comparable to the control group. Our results show and suggest the hepatoprotective effect of F. exasperata and its ability to modulate cellular antioxidant status supports its use in traditional medicine and renders it safe in treating an oxidative stress-induced hepatic injury.
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Noda T, Kato R, Hattori T, Furukawa Y, Ijiri Y, Tanaka K. Role of caspase-8 and/or -9 as biomarkers that can distinguish the potential to cause toxic- and immune related-adverse event, for the progress of acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Life Sci 2022; 294:120351. [PMID: 35092733 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can cause acute liver failure. Although it is well known that APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) is caused by toxic mechanism, recently it is also reported to be immune related. However, the detail of the mechanism has been unclear. Therefore, elucidation of the pathophysiology is required. MAIN METHODS In AILI model rats (800 mg/kg), the levels of AST, ALT and Caspase (C)-3/-8/-9 levels were measured. In in vitro study using human hepatocyte cells (FLC-4) and THP-1 cells, APAP (1.0 mM) were added to FLC-4 and the cell viability, C-9, cytochrome c, mitochondria membrane potential, and glutathione levels of FLC-4 and inflammasome activation of THP-1 were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS In AILI model rats, the levels of AST and ALT were increased only at 12-24 h. C-3/-9 levels rose at 6-9 h, whereas C-8 level rose hours later, moreover, 24 h after; C-3/-8/-9 levels re-rose. In FLC-4 cells, cytochrome c was released from the mitochondria which is promoted by oxidative stress due to drug metabolism and C-9 was activated. Thus, AILI was caused mitochondrial damage by NAPQI as early reaction (first stage). In the next stage, inflammasomes of human antigen presenting cells, which released inflammatory cytokines were activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from damaged hepatocyte by APAP. SIGNIFICANCE It is confirmed that AILI includes immune related mechanism. Thereby, in case of N-acetylcysteine refractory, additional administration of steroid hormones should be effective and recommended as a novel strategy for AILI with immune related adverse event (irAE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Noda
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hattori
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Furukawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ijiri
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan; Kidney Center, Shirasagi Hospital, Kumata, Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
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Ameliorative effect of ethanolic extract of Limnophila rugosa (Scrophulariaceae) in paracetamol- and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Limnophila rugosa (Scrophulariaceae) is a perennial aquatic plant used as a diuretic and digestive tonic as well as in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, dyspepsia and urinary ailments. Genus Limnophila has been reported as hepatoprotective. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of L. rugosa aerial part in paracetamol- and carbon tetrachloride-induced (CCl4) hepatotoxicity in albino Wistar rats. Ethanolic extract was subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis for the estimation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis for phytochemical analysis. The in vitro antioxidant activity was carried out by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide radical and hydrogen peroxide assay. Hepatoprotective potential of L. rugosa was studied in paracetamol (750 mg/mg)- and CCl4 (1.25 ml/kg)-induced liver damage in albino rats at dose 200 and 300 mg/kg using silymarin (100 mg/kg) as standard. Lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were determined in liver tissue homogenate. Serum biochemical and histopathological examination was performed. Molecular docking analysis was performed to understand the molecular mechanism of hepatoprotective activity.
Results
HPLC analysis revealed predominance of rutin. GC–MS analysis revealed camphor as principal component. Ethanolic extract exhibited significant concentration-dependent scavenging efficacy. The altered biochemical chemical parameters: aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, cholesterol, albumin, globulin and total protein, were significantly improved at 200 and 300 mg/kg in experimental rats. Extract signified hepatoprotective by decreasing lipid peroxidation and upregulating SOD, CAT and GSH. The findings were well supported by histological analysis. 2-Butyl-2, 7-octadien-1-ol (-5.8) and camphor (-4.8) gave the highest docking score on the transforming growth factor-β1.
Conclusions
The ameliorative effect of L. rugosa in the rat model of hepatotoxicity could be attributed to its antioxidant potential and bioactive principles such as betulin, 5-hydroxy-6,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone (salvigenin), betulinic acid, ursolic acid, 3-octanol, acetophenone, anisylacetone, caryophyllene, cis-anethole and the compounds camphor and 2-butyl-2,7-octadien-1-ol identified from GC–MS analysis.
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Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Clinical Evidence of N-Acetyl Cysteine Protective Effects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3320325. [PMID: 34912495 PMCID: PMC8668310 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3320325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key pathological feature implicated in both acute and chronic liver diseases, including drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The latter describes hepatic injury arising as a direct toxic effect of administered drugs or their metabolites. Although still underreported, DILI remains a significant cause of liver failure, especially in developed nations. Currently, it is understood that mitochondrial-generated oxidative stress and abnormalities in phase I/II metabolism, leading to glutathione (GSH) suppression, drive the onset of DILI. N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) has attracted a lot of interest as a therapeutic agent against DILI because of its strong antioxidant properties, especially in relation to enhancing endogenous GSH content to counteract oxidative stress. Thus, in addition to updating information on the pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in oxidative-induced hepatic injury, the current review critically discusses clinical evidence on the protective effects of NAC against DILI, including the reduction of patient mortality. Besides injury caused by paracetamol, NAC can also improve liver function in relation to other forms of liver injury such as those induced by excessive alcohol intake. The implicated therapeutic mechanisms of NAC extend from enhancing hepatic GSH levels to reducing biomarkers of paracetamol toxicity such as keratin-18 and circulating caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18. However, there is still lack of evidence confirming the benefits of using NAC in combination with other therapies in patients with DILI.
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Jaeschke H, Adelusi OB, Akakpo JY, Nguyen NT, Sanchez-Guerrero G, Umbaugh DS, Ding WX, Ramachandran A. Recommendations for the use of the acetaminophen hepatotoxicity model for mechanistic studies and how to avoid common pitfalls. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3740-3755. [PMID: 35024303 PMCID: PMC8727921 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug, which is safe at therapeutic doses but can cause severe liver injury and even liver failure after overdoses. The mouse model of APAP hepatotoxicity recapitulates closely the human pathophysiology. As a result, this clinically relevant model is frequently used to study mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury and even more so to test potential therapeutic interventions. However, the complexity of the model requires a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology to obtain valid results and mechanistic information that is translatable to the clinic. However, many studies using this model are flawed, which jeopardizes the scientific and clinical relevance. The purpose of this review is to provide a framework of the model where mechanistically sound and clinically relevant data can be obtained. The discussion provides insight into the injury mechanisms and how to study it including the critical roles of drug metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, necrotic cell death, autophagy and the sterile inflammatory response. In addition, the most frequently made mistakes when using this model are discussed. Thus, considering these recommendations when studying APAP hepatotoxicity will facilitate the discovery of more clinically relevant interventions.
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Key Words
- AIF, apoptosis-inducing factor
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- APAP, acetaminophen
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- ATG, autophagy-related genes
- Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity
- Apoptosis
- Autophagy
- BSO, buthionine sulfoximine
- CAD, caspase-activated DNase
- CYP, cytochrome P450 enzymes
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide
- Drug metabolism
- EndoG, endonuclease G
- FSP1, ferroptosis suppressing protein 1
- Ferroptosis
- GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4
- GSH, glutathione
- GSSG, glutathione disulfide
- Gclc, glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
- Gclm, glutamate–cysteine ligase modifier subunit
- HMGB1, high mobility group box protein 1
- HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal
- Innate immunity
- JNK, c-jun N-terminal kinase
- KEAP1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
- LAMP, lysosomal-associated membrane protein
- LC3, light chain 3
- LOOH, lipid hydroperoxides
- LPO, lipid peroxidation
- MAP kinase, mitogen activated protein kinase
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MPT, mitochondrial permeability transition
- Mitochondria
- MnSOD, manganese superoxide dismutase
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- NAPQI, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1
- NRF2
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SMAC/DIABLO, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI
- TLR, toll like receptor
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- UGT, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases
- mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Olamide B. Adelusi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jephte Y. Akakpo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Nga T. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Giselle Sanchez-Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - David S. Umbaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Gong L, Liao L, Dai X, Xue X, Peng C, Li Y. The dual role of immune response in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: Implication for immune pharmacological targets. Toxicol Lett 2021; 351:37-52. [PMID: 34454010 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP), one of the most widely used antipyretic and analgesic drugs, principally contributes to drug-induced liver injury when taken at a high dose. APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) results in extensive necrosis of hepatocytes along with the occurrence of multiple intracellular events such as metabolic activation, cell injury, and signaling pathway activation. However, the specific role of the immune response in AILI remains controversial for its complicated regulatory mechanisms. A variety of inflammasomes, immune cells, inflammatory mediators, and signaling transduction pathways are activated in AILI. These immune components play antagonistic roles in aggravating the liver injury or promoting regeneration. Recent experimental studies indicated that natural products showed remarkable therapeutic effects against APAP hepatotoxicity due to their favorable efficacy. Therefore, this study aimed to review the present understanding of the immune response in AILI and attempted to establish ties among a series of inflammatory cascade reactions. Also, the immune molecular mechanisms of natural products in the treatment of AILI were extensively reviewed, thus providing a fundamental basis for exploring the potential pharmacological targets associated with immune interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xuyang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Li R, Zhai T, Zhao L, Zhang N, He M, Tan L. Preparation of poly(caffeic acid)-CoP nanoparticle film on electrode surface and sensitive voltammetric detection of acetaminophen. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Ramachandran A, Jaeschke H. Oxidant Stress and Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity: Mechanism-Based Drug Development. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:718-733. [PMID: 34232786 PMCID: PMC8558076 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the quantitively most consumed drugs worldwide. Although safe at therapeutic doses, intentional or unintentional overdosing occurs frequently causing severe liver injury and even liver failure. In the United States, 50% of all acute liver failure cases are caused by APAP overdose. However, only one antidote with a limited therapeutic window, N-acetylcysteine, is clinically approved. Thus, more effective therapeutic interventions are urgently needed. Recent Advances: Although APAP hepatotoxicity has been extensively studied for almost 50 years, particular progress has been made recently in two areas. First, there is now a detailed understanding of involvement of oxidative and nitrosative stress in the pathophysiology, with identification of the reactive species involved, their initial generation in mitochondria, amplification through the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway, and the mechanisms of cell death. Second, it was demonstrated in human hepatocytes and through biomarkers in vivo that the mechanisms of liver injury in animals accurately reflect the human pathophysiology, which allows the translation of therapeutic targets identified in animals to patients. Critical Issues: For progress, solid understanding of the pathophysiology of APAP hepatotoxicity and of a drug's targets is needed to identify promising new therapeutic intervention strategies and drugs, which may be applied to humans. Future Directions: In addition to further refine the mechanistic understanding of APAP hepatotoxicity and identify additional drugs with complementary mechanisms of action to prevent cell death, more insight into the mechanisms of regeneration and developing of drugs, which promote recovery, remains a future challenge. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 718-733.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Mohammed SAA, Ali HM, Mohammed HA, Al-Omar MS, Almahmoud SA, El-Readi MZ, Ragab EA, Sulaiman GM, Aly MSA, Khan RA. Roles of Suaeda vermiculata Aqueous-Ethanolic Extract, Its Subsequent Fractions, and the Isolated Compounds in Hepatoprotection against Paracetamol-Induced Toxicity as Compared to Silymarin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6174897. [PMID: 34567411 PMCID: PMC8463249 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6174897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Suaeda vermiculata, a halophyte consumed by livestock, is also used by Bedouins to manage liver disorders. The aqueous-ethanolic extract of S. vermiculata, its subsequent fractions, and pure compounds, i.e., pheophytin-A (1), isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (2), and quercetin (3), were evaluated for their hepatoprotective efficacy. The male mice were daily fed with either silymarin, plant aq.-ethanolic extract, fractions, pure isolated compounds, or carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) for 7 days (n = 6/group, p.o.). On the day 7th of the administrations, all, except the intact animal groups, were induced with hepatotoxicity using paracetamol (PCM, 300 mg/kg). The anesthetized animals were euthanized after 24 h; blood and liver tissues were collected and analysed. The serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels decreased significantly for all the S. vermiculata aq.-ethanolic extract, fraction, and compound-treated groups when equated with the PCM group (p < 0.0001). The antioxidant, superoxide dismutase (SOD), increased significantly (p < 0.05) for the silymarin-, n-hexane-, and quercetin-fed groups. Similarly, the catalase (CAT) enzyme level significantly increased for all the groups, except for the compound 2-treated group as compared to the CMC group. Also, the glutathione reductase (GR) levels were significantly increased for the n-butanol treated group than for the PCM group. The oxidative stress biomarkers, lipid peroxide (LP) and nitric oxide (NO), the inflammatory markers, IL-6 and TNF-α, and the kidney's functional biomarker parameters remained unchanged and did not differ significantly for the treated groups in comparison to the PCM-induced toxicity bearing animals. All the treated groups demonstrated significant decreases in cholesterol levels as compared to the PCM group, indicating hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects. The quercetin-treated group demonstrated significant improvement in triglyceride level. The S. vermiculata aq.-ethanolic extract, fractions, and the isolated compounds demonstrated their hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects, confirming the claimed traditional use of the herb as a liver protectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman A. A. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein M. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Mohsen S. Al-Omar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, JUST, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Suliman A. Almahmoud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Z. El-Readi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ehab A. Ragab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Ghassan M. Sulaiman
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | | | - Riaz A. Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Baliou S, Adamaki M, Ioannou P, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Spandidos DA, Christodoulou I, Kyriakopoulos AM, Zoumpourlis V. Protective role of taurine against oxidative stress (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:605. [PMID: 34184084 PMCID: PMC8240184 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a fundamental mediator of homeostasis that exerts multiple roles to confer protection against oxidant stress. The development of hypertension, muscle/neuro‑associated disorders, hepatic cirrhosis, cardiac dysfunction and ischemia/reperfusion are examples of some injuries that are linked with oxidative stress. The present review gives a comprehensive description of all the underlying mechanisms of taurine, with the aim to explain its anti‑oxidant actions. Taurine is regarded as a cytoprotective molecule due to its ability to sustain normal electron transport chain, maintain glutathione stores, upregulate anti‑oxidant responses, increase membrane stability, eliminate inflammation and prevent calcium accumulation. In parallel, the synergistic effect of taurine with other potential therapeutic modalities in multiple disorders are highlighted. Apart from the results derived from research findings, the current review bridges the gap between bench and bedside, providing mechanistic insights into the biological activity of taurine that supports its potential therapeutic efficacy in clinic. In the future, further clinical studies are required to support the ameliorative effect of taurine against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Baliou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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21
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Henderson MW, Sparkenbaugh EM, Wang S, Ilich A, Noubouossie DF, Mailer R, Renné T, Flick MJ, Luyendyk JP, Chen ZL, Strickland S, Stravitz RT, McCrae KR, Key NS, Pawlinski R. Plasmin-mediated cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen contributes to acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Blood 2021; 138:259-272. [PMID: 33827130 PMCID: PMC8310429 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury is associated with activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. In mice, both tissue factor-dependent thrombin generation and plasmin activity have been shown to promote liver injury after APAP overdose. However, the contribution of the contact and intrinsic coagulation pathways has not been investigated in this model. Mice deficient in individual factors of the contact (factor XII [FXII] and prekallikrein) or intrinsic coagulation (FXI) pathway were administered a hepatotoxic dose of 400 mg/kg of APAP. Neither FXII, FXI, nor prekallikrein deficiency mitigated coagulation activation or hepatocellular injury. Interestingly, despite the lack of significant changes to APAP-induced coagulation activation, markers of liver injury and inflammation were significantly reduced in APAP-challenged high-molecular-weight kininogen-deficient (HK-/-) mice. Protective effects of HK deficiency were not reproduced by inhibition of bradykinin-mediated signaling, whereas reconstitution of circulating levels of HK in HK-/- mice restored hepatotoxicity. Fibrinolysis activation was observed in mice after APAP administration. Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and mass spectrometry analysis showed that plasmin efficiently cleaves HK into multiple fragments in buffer or plasma. Importantly, plasminogen deficiency attenuated APAP-induced liver injury and prevented HK cleavage in the injured liver. Finally, enhanced plasmin generation and HK cleavage, in the absence of contact pathway activation, were observed in plasma of patients with acute liver failure due to APAP overdose. In summary, extrinsic but not intrinsic pathway activation drives the thromboinflammatory pathology associated with APAP-induced liver injury in mice. Furthermore, plasmin-mediated cleavage of HK contributes to hepatotoxicity in APAP-challenged mice independently of thrombin generation or bradykinin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Henderson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Erica M Sparkenbaugh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Shaobin Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Anton Ilich
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Denis F Noubouossie
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Reiner Mailer
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Zu-Lin Chen
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Sidney Strickland
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - R Todd Stravitz
- Hume-Lee Transplant Center of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; and
| | - Keith R McCrae
- Taussig Cancer Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Nigel S Key
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rafal Pawlinski
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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22
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Nogueira AF, Nunes B. Effects of paracetamol on the polychaete Hediste diversicolor: occurrence of oxidative stress, cyclooxygenase inhibition and behavioural alterations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26772-26783. [PMID: 33496946 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are significant environmental stressors, since they are utilized around the world; they are usually released in to the aquatic system without adequate treatment and several non-target species can be harmed because of their intrinsic properties. Paracetamol is one of the most widely prescribed analgesics in human medical care. Consequently, this compound is systematically reported to occur in the wild, where it may exert toxic effects on non-target species, which are mostly uncharacterized so far. The objective of the present work was to assess the acute (control, 5, 25, 125, 625 and 3125 μg/L) and chronic (control, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/L) effects of paracetamol on behavioural endpoints, as well as on selected oxidative stress biomarkers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRed)] and the anti-inflammatory activity biomarker cyclooxygenase (COX), in the polychaete Hediste diversicolor (Annelida: Polychaeta). Exposure to paracetamol caused effects on behavioural traits, with increased burrowing time (96 h) and hypoactivity (28 days). In addition, exposure to paracetamol resulted also in significant increases of SOD activity, but only for intermediate levels of exposure, but for both acute and chronic exposures. Both forms of GPx had their activities significantly increased, especially after chronic exposure. Acutely exposed organisms had their GRed significantly decreased, while chronically exposed worms had their GRed activity augmented only for the lowest tested concentrations. Effects were also observed in terms of COX activity, showing that paracetamol absorption occurred and caused an inhibition of COX activity in both exposure regimes. It is possible to conclude that the exposure to concentrations of paracetamol close to the ones in the environment may be deleterious to marine ecosystems, endangering marine life by changing their overall redox balance, and the biochemical control of inflammatory intermediaries. Behaviour was also modified and the burrowing capacity was adversely affected. This set of effects clearly demonstrate that paracetamol exposure, under realistic conditions, it not exempt of adverse effects on marine invertebrates, such as polychaetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Nogueira
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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23
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Kawakami K, Moritani C, Hatanaka T, Suzaki E, Tsuboi S. Hepatoprotective Activity of Yellow Chinese Chive against Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury via Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 66:357-363. [PMID: 32863309 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione, the most abundant intracellular antioxidant, protects cells against reactive oxygen species induced oxidative stress and regulates intracellular redox status. We previously demonstrated that yellow Chinese chive (ki-nira) increased the intracellular glutathione levels. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used analgesic. However, an overdose of APAP causes severe hepatotoxicity via depletion of the hepatic glutathione. In this study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effects of yellow Chinese chive extract (YCE) against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. YCE (25 or 100 mg/kg) was administered once daily for 7 d, and then APAP (700 mg/kg) was injected at 6 h before the mice were sacrificed. APAP treatment markedly increased the serum biological markers of liver injury such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase. Pretreatment with YCE significantly prevented the increases in the serum levels of these enzymes. Histopathological evaluation of the livers also revealed that YCE prevented APAP-induced centrilobular necrosis. Pretreatment with YCE dose-dependently elevated glutathione levels, but the difference was not significant. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a critical role in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by regulating the antioxidant defense system. Therefore, we investigated the expression of Nrf2 and its target antioxidant enzyme. YCE led to an increased expression of Nrf2 and its target antioxidant enzymes, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), cystine uptake transporter (xCT), especially hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) in mice livers. These results suggest that YCE could induce HO-1 expression via activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, and protect against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tadashi Hatanaka
- Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Research Institute for Biological Sciences (RIBS)
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24
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Ahmed EA, Abd-Eldayem AM, Ahmed E. Can granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) ameliorate acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity? Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1755-1766. [PMID: 33882750 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211008522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is often used as an antipyretic and analgesic agent. Overdose hepatotoxicity, which often results in liver cell failure and liver transplantation, is a severe complication of APAP usage. To save the liver and save lives from acute liver damage caused by APAP, the search for new strategies for liver defense is important. Wistar rats have been used for the induction of APAP hepatotoxicity. Elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated for liver toxicity. In addition, the levels of hepatic tissue oxidative markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) increased while glutathione (GSH) was depleted and catalase (CAT) activity was curtailed. The biochemical findings were consistent with the changes in histology that suggested liver damage and inflammation. Treated rats with N-acetylcysteine (N-AC) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) showed a decrease in serum levels of ALT, AST and LDH, while the level of ALP in the G-CSF group was still high. After administration of APAP, treatment with N-AC or G-CSF substantially reduced the level of MDA and NO while maintaining the GSH content and CAT activity. Treatment with N-AC and G-CSF after administration of APAP has also attenuated inflammation and hepatocytes necrosis. The results of this study showed that G-CSF could be viewed as an alternative hepatoprotective agent against APAP-induced acute liver injury compared to N-AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 68796Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Abd-Eldayem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 68796Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Al-Ghad International Colleges of Applied Medical Sciences, ABHA / Male, Saudi Arabia
| | - E Ahmed
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 68796Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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25
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Cho BO, Kim JH, Che DN, Kang HJ, Shin JY, Hao S, Park JH, Wang F, Lee YJ, Jang SI. Kushenol C Prevents Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide and Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061635. [PMID: 33804228 PMCID: PMC8001553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophora flavescens, also known as Kushen, has traditionally been used as a herbal medicine. In the present study we evaluated the ameliorative effects of kushenol C (KC) from S. flavescens against tBHP (tert-Butyl hydroperoxide)-induced oxidative stress in hepatocellular carcinoma (HEPG2) cells and acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. KC pretreatment protected the HEPG2 cells against oxidative stress by reducing cell death, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. KC pretreatment also upregulated pro-caspase 3 and GSH (glutathione) as well as expression of 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase (OGG1) in the HEPG2 cells. The mechanism of action was partly related by KC's activation of Akt (Protein kinase B (PKB)) and Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) in the HepG2 cells. In in vivo investigations, coadministration of mice with KC and APAP significantly attenuated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and liver damage, as the serum enzymatic activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, as well as liver lipid peroxidation and cleaved caspase 3 expression, were reduced in APAP-treated mice. Coadministration with KC also up-regulated antioxidant enzyme expression and prevented the production of proinflammatory mediators in APAP-treated mice. Taken together, these results showed that KC treatment has potential as a therapeutic agent against liver injury through the suppression of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Ok Cho
- Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., LTD, Jeonju-si 55069, Korea; (H.J.K.); (J.Y.S.)
- Institute of Health Science, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si 55069, Korea;
- Correspondence: (B.O.C.); (S.I.J.); Tel.: +82-63-221-8005 (B.O.C.); +82-63-220-3124 (S.I.J.); Fax: +82-63-221-8035 (B.O.C.); +82-63-220-2054 (S.I.J.)
| | - Jang Hoon Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumsung 27709, Korea; (J.H.K.); (Y.J.L.)
| | - Denis Nchang Che
- Institute of Health Science, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si 55069, Korea;
| | - Hyun Ju Kang
- Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., LTD, Jeonju-si 55069, Korea; (H.J.K.); (J.Y.S.)
| | - Jae Young Shin
- Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., LTD, Jeonju-si 55069, Korea; (H.J.K.); (J.Y.S.)
| | - Suping Hao
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si 55069, Korea; (S.H.); (J.H.P.); (F.W.)
| | - Ji Hyeon Park
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si 55069, Korea; (S.H.); (J.H.P.); (F.W.)
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si 55069, Korea; (S.H.); (J.H.P.); (F.W.)
| | - Yun Ji Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumsung 27709, Korea; (J.H.K.); (Y.J.L.)
| | - Seon Il Jang
- Research Institute, Ato Q&A Co., LTD, Jeonju-si 55069, Korea; (H.J.K.); (J.Y.S.)
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si 55069, Korea; (S.H.); (J.H.P.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence: (B.O.C.); (S.I.J.); Tel.: +82-63-221-8005 (B.O.C.); +82-63-220-3124 (S.I.J.); Fax: +82-63-221-8035 (B.O.C.); +82-63-220-2054 (S.I.J.)
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26
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Latif AAE, Assar DH, Elkaw EM, Hamza HA, Alkhalifah DHM, Hozzein WN, Hamouda RA. Protective role of Chlorella vulgaris with Thiamine against Paracetamol induced toxic effects on haematological, biochemical, oxidative stress parameters and histopathological changes in Wistar rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3911. [PMID: 33594164 PMCID: PMC7887200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol is extensively consumed as an analgesic and antipyretic drug, but at a high dose level, it leads to deleterious side effects, such as hepatic and nephrotoxicity. This research aimed to estimate the prophylactic efficacy of Chlorella vulgaris and/or thiamine against paracetamol (P) induced hepatorenal and cardiac toxicity. Forty-eight female Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight equal groups (n = 6 rats). Group 1, normal control group. Group 2, Paracetamol group. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were treated with Silymarin drug, Chlorella vulgaris alga, Chlorella vulgaris alga supplemented with thiamine, respectively daily for 7 successive days, then all were administered Paracetamol (2gm/kg. bwt.). While, Groups 6, 7 and 8 were treated by Silymarin, Chlorella vulgaris alga, Chlorella vulgaris supplemented with thiamine, respectively daily for 7 successive days without paracetamol administration. Our results clarified that Paracetamol toxicity caused significant adverse effects on hematological, serum biochemical parameters, and oxidant -antioxidant status as well as histopathological picture of heart, liver, and kidney. However, in the Paracetamol intoxicated groups pretreatment either with Chlorella vulgaris alone or plus thiamine successfully improved the undesirable deleterious effects of paracetamol, and restored almost all variables to near their control levels. This study has finished to that oxidative stress participates in the pathogenesis of paracetamol-induced toxicity in rats and using Chlorella vulgaris alga either alone or plus thiamine alongside their health benefits can protect against oxidative harmful effects induced by paracetamol through their free radical scavenging and powerful antioxidant effects, and they can be used as propylactic agents against paracetamol-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amera Abd El Latif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Doaa H Assar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ebtihal M Elkaw
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Hanafy A Hamza
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Dalal Hussien M Alkhalifah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael N Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ragaa A Hamouda
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts-Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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27
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Ait Hamoudi S, Brahimi M, Boucha M, Hamdi B, Arrar J. Removal of paracetamol from aqueous solution by containment composites. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Storage of wastes leads to severe problems of water pollution and neighboring matrices due to the infiltration of landfill leachate. Uncontrolled landfill and waste storage can lead to groundwater pollution, which can lead to serious health problems for the living. Engineered barriers can be a solution to these pollution problems. The purpose of this study was to develop novel composite materials – clay-based, activated carbon, cement, and PVA polymer. These composites were intended for the containment of waste in landfill. The clay (70–80%) and activated carbon (5–15%) contents were varied to obtain three different geomaterials – GM1, GM2, and GM3. In the preparation of GM3, the content of activated carbon used was higher than for GM1 and GM2, paracetamol removal capacity tested by adsorption, experiments were influenced by parameters such as the adsorbent mass, the initial solute concentration, contact time, temperature, and pH effect. The parameter of initial paracetamol concentrations was studied using a range of 50, 100, and 150 mg L−1. For a GM3 mass of 80 mg, the adsorbed amount is 14.67 mg g−1, and the contact time is 180 minutes. This study revealed that composites are efficient for the treatment of landfill leachates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhila Ait Hamoudi
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physico-Chemical Analysis (CRAPC) , Post box 384, Headquarters ex-Pasna Industrial Zone , Bou-Ismail , 42004, Tipaza , Algeria
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Laboratory LPCEMAE, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) , Post box 32 el Alia , Bab Ezzouar , Algiers , Algeria
| | - Meriem Brahimi
- Department of Environmental Engineering National Polytechnic School , 10 street Oudek brothers , El-Harrach , 16200, Algiers , Algeria
| | - Mouad Boucha
- Department of Environmental Engineering National Polytechnic School , 10 street Oudek brothers , El-Harrach , 16200, Algiers , Algeria
| | - Boualem Hamdi
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Laboratory LPCEMAE, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) , Post box 32 el Alia , Bab Ezzouar , Algiers , Algeria
| | - Jazia Arrar
- Department of Environmental Engineering National Polytechnic School , 10 street Oudek brothers , El-Harrach , 16200, Algiers , Algeria
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28
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Hu L, Ren Q, Deng L, Zhou Z, Cai Z, Wang B, Li Z. Design, synthesis, and biological studies of novel 3-benzamidobenzoic acid derivatives as farnesoid X receptor partial agonist. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113106. [PMID: 33360559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a bile acid-activated nuclear receptor, regulates the metabolism of bile acid and lipids as well as maintains the stability of internal environment. FXR was considered as a therapeutic target of liver disorders, such as drug-induced liver injury, fatty liver and cholestasis. The previous reported FXR partial agonist 6 was a suitable lead compound in terms of its high potent and low molecular size, while the docking study of compound 6 suggested a large unoccupied hydrophobic pocket, which might be provided more possibility of structure-activity relationship (SAR) study. In this study, we have performed comprehensive SAR and molecular modeling studies based on lead compound 6. All of these efforts resulted in the identification of a novel series of FXR partial agonists. In this series, compound 41 revealed the best activity and strong interaction with binding pocket of FXR. Moreover, compound 41 protected mice against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by the regulation of FXR-related gene expression and improving antioxidant capacity. In summary, these results suggest that compound 41 is a promising FXR partial agonist suitable for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Qiang Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Liming Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zongtao Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zongyu Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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29
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Shi L, Zhang S, Huang Z, Hu F, Zhang T, Wei M, Bai Q, Lu B, Ji L. Baicalin promotes liver regeneration after acetaminophen-induced liver injury by inducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:163-177. [PMID: 32682928 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver regeneration has become a new hotspot in the study of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Baicalin has already been reported to alleviate acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury in our previous study. This study aims to observe whether baicalin also promotes liver regeneration after APAP-induced liver injury and to elucidate its engaged mechanism. Baicalin alleviated APAP-induced hepatic parenchymal cells injury and enhanced the number of mitotic and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive hepatocytes in APAP-intoxicated mice. Baicalin increased hepatic PCNA and cyclinD1 expression in APAP-intoxicated mice. Baicalin induced the activation of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, leading to the increased hepatic expression of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-1β in APAP-intoxicated mice. The results in vitro demonstrated that IL-18 promoted the proliferation of human normal liver L-02 cells. Moreover, the baicalin-provided promotion on liver regeneration in APAP-intoxicated mice was diminished after the application of NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 and the recombinant mouse IL-18 binding protein (rmIL-18BP). Baicalin induced the cytosolic accumulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and increased the interaction between Nrf2 with Nlrp3, ASC and pro-caspase-1 in livers from APAP-intoxicated mice. Furthermore, the baicalin-provided NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promotion on liver regeneration after APAP-induced liver injury in wild-type mice were diminished in Nrf2 knockout mice. In conclusion, baicalin promoted liver regeneration after APAP-induced acute liver injury in mice via inducing Nrf2 accumulation in cytoplasm that led to NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and then caused the increased expression of IL-18, which induced hepatocytes proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shi
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhenlin Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Feifei Hu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mengjuan Wei
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qingyun Bai
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Jiangxi, 336000, China
| | - Bin Lu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lili Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Wu JP. Chlorella sp. Protective Effect on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Toxicity in ICR Mice. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:111. [PMID: 33088439 PMCID: PMC7554449 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_452_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A Chlorella sp. (CLC) has a health supplement in health effects including an ability to treat cancer. The Chlorella sp. Ability to reduce acetaminophen-induced liver injury is still unknown. The hepatoprotective function of CLC was determined in an APAP-induced liver injury mouse model. Methods: Male ICR mice were randomly divided into normal control, APAP, APAP + Sm (silymarin) and APAP + CLC (0.2%, 0.5% and 1%) groups. The glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), Albumin, and BUN plasma activities were detected using blood biochemistry assay. The hepatic tissue GOT, GPT, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity were also detected. Lipid peroxidation, MDA, protein expression levels were examined. Results: The results showed that the 1% CLC supplementation group and Silymarin (Sm) could significantly alleviate increased serum GOT, GPT and BUN, and the decreased serum Albumin. At the same time, the increased hepatic tissue GOT and GPT activities were alleviated as well as MDA. Enhanced SOD and CAT protein expression levels were increased in APAP-induced liver injury. Lipofuscin and hepatic veins cups disappeared in the Sm and 1% CLC supplementation groups shown with H&E staining. Conclusions: Therefore, CLC probably could develop hepatoprotective products against chemical-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ping Wu
- Research Center for Healthcare Industry Innovation, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Hu C, Chen Y, Cao Y, Jia Y, Zhang J. Metabolomics analysis reveals the protective effect of quercetin-3-O-galactoside (Hyperoside) on liver injury in mice induced by acetaminophen. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13420. [PMID: 32744346 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the protective effect of Hyperoside (HPS) on liver injury induced by acetaminophen (APAP) in C57 mice. HPS was administered orally for 7 days and APAP was administered orally on the 7th day. Serum and liver samples were then collected for biochemical analyses, histopathology assessments, and metabolomics studies. Metabolites were assessed using a UHPLC-MS system. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to process the data. Pathway analyses were performed using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to determine the protein and mRNA levels, respectively. HPS interacted with active sites in CYP2E1 and caused protein degradation. In conclusion, our results suggested that HPS prevented the oxidative stress-induced liver injury caused by APAP. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Hyperoside was shown to have potential protective and therapeutic effects against liver diseases. Male C57 mice were used to perform pharmacodynamic, pharmacology, and metabolomics evaluations. At a dose of 60 mg/kg, HPS prevented oxidative stress-induced liver injury caused by APAP by regulating the glutathione-related metabolites and enzymes through the inhibition of CYP2E1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyuan Cao
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Jia
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Dandelion polyphenols protect against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice via activation of the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway and inhibition of the JNK signaling pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:103-113. [PMID: 32172946 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the liver protective activity of dandelion polyphenols (DP) against acetaminophen (APAP; Paracetamol)-induced hepatotoxicity. Mice were acclimated for 1 week and randomly divided into the following groups (n = 9 per group): Control, APAP, APAP + DP (100 mg·kg-1), APAP + DP (200 mg·kg-1), and APAP + DP (400 mg·kg-1) groups. Mice were pretreated with DP (100, 200, and 400 mg·kg-1) by oral gavage for 7 d before being treated with 350 mg·kg-1 APAP for 24 h to induced hepatotoxicity. Severe liver injury was observed, and hepatotoxicity was analyzed after 24 h by evaluation of biochemical markers, protein expressions levels, and liver histopathology. Pretreatment with DP was able to restore serum liver characteristics (aspartate transaminase, AST; alanine aminotransferase, ALT; alkaline phosphatase, AKP), improve redox imbalance (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione, GSH; malondialdehyde, MDA), and decrease inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α; interleukin-1β, IL-1β). Pretreatment with DP also significantly inhibited the expression levels of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Furthermore, DP pretreatment could inhibit the apoptosis of liver cells caused by APAP through up-regulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax and caspase-9 protein. DP also down-regulated p-JNK protein expression levels to inhibit APAP-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and up-regulated the expression of Nrf-2 and its target gene HO-1. The histopathological staining demonstrated that DP pretreatment could inhibit APAP-induced hepatocyte infiltration, congestion, and necrosis. Our results demonstrate that DP pretreatment could protect against APAP-induced hepatic injury by activating the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway and inhibition of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
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Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening disease with only a few treatment options available. Though extensive research has been conducted for more than 40 years, the underlying pathomechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we studied as to whether APAP-induced ALF can be prevented in mice by silencing the BH3-interacting domain death agonist (Bid) as a potential key player in APAP pathology. For silencing Bid expression in mice, siRNABid was formulated with the liver-specific siRNA delivery system DBTC and administered 48 h prior to APAP exposure. Mice which were pre-treated with HEPES (vehicleHEPES) and siRNALuci served as siRNA controls. Hepatic pathology was assessed by in vivo fluorescence microscopy, molecular biology, histology and laboratory analysis 6 h after APAP or PBS exposure. Application of siRNABid caused a significant decrease of mRNA and protein expression of Bid in APAP-exposed mice. Off-targets, such as cytochrome P450 2E1 and glutathione, which are known to be consumed under APAP intoxication, were comparably reduced in all APAP-exposed mice, underlining the specificity of Bid silencing. In APAP-exposed mice non-sterile inflammation with leukocyte infiltration and perfusion failure remained almost unaffected by Bid silencing. However, the Bid silencing reduced hepatocellular damage, evident by a remarkable decrease of DNA fragmented cells in APAP-exposed mice. In these mice, the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, which recently gained importance in the cell death pathway of regulated necrosis, was also significantly reduced, in line with a decrease in both, necrotic liver tissue and plasma transaminase activities. In addition, plasma levels of HMGB1, a marker of sterile inflammation, were significantly diminished. In conclusion, the liver-specific silencing of Bid expression did not protect APAP-exposed mice from microcirculatory dysfunction, but markedly protected the liver from necrotic cell death and in consequence from sterile inflammation. The study contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of the APAP-induced pathogenic pathway by strengthening the importance of Bid and Bid silencing associated effects.
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Barbosa I, Pizarro I, Freitas R, Nunes B. Antioxidative and neurotoxicity effects of acute and chronic exposure of the estuarine polychaete Hediste diversicolor to paracetamol. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:103377. [PMID: 32251999 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of anthropogenic drugs in the aquatic ecosystems is a reality nowadays, and a large number of studies have been reporting their putative toxic effects on wildlife. However, the majority of the studies published so far uses standard organisms, whose probability of becoming in contact with drugs in real scenarios of contamination is at least, low. The use of autochthonous organisms in ecotoxicity testing is thus mandatory, and the present study aimed to assess the feasibility of assessing oxidative based stress responses (enzymatic defenses, such as catalase, glutathione-s-transferases, and lipid peroxidation; neurotoxicity as an indirect outcome of oxidizing conditions) on a polychaete species, Hediste diversicolor, after being acutely and chronically exposed to the widely employed drug paracetamol. H. diversicolor showed to be responsive to paracetamol exposure. Data obtained after acute exposure to paracetamol showed that no antioxidant adaptive response was established, but cholinesterasic activity was enhanced. On the contrary, long term exposure of H. diversicolor individuals to paracetamol resulted in clear pro-oxidative effects, with catalase and cholinesterase inhibition, and a significant reduction in the levels of lipoperoxidation. Considering that some of the tested levels (especially those of the chronic test) were already reported in the wild, the here-obtained results are of high environmental significance. In addition, chronic exposure regime yielded more significant results, with important modification of more parameters, suggesting that realistic conditions of exposure are more suited for an integrated assessment of toxicity of drugs in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Barbosa
- Departmento de Biologia, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Pizarro
- Departmento de Biologia, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departmento de Biologia, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departmento de Biologia, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Chen H, Wang Y, Jiao FZ, Yang F, Li X, Wang LW. Sinomenine Attenuates Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury by Decreasing Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response via Regulating TGF-β/Smad Pathway in vitro and in vivo. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2393-2403. [PMID: 32606606 PMCID: PMC7306499 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s248823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Liver disease is common and often life-threatening. Sinomenine (SIN) is an active ingredient extracted from Sinomenium acutum. This study investigated the protective effect and mechanism of sinomenine (SIN) on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury from in vitro and in vivo. Methods In vivo experiments, mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=10): control group, model group, SIN (25 mg/kg) group, SIN (50 mg/kg) group, SIN (100 mg/kg) group and SIN (100 mg/kg) + SRI-011381 group. Alanine transaminases (ALT), aspartate transaminases (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were detected. The pathological lesion was measured by HE staining. Apoptosis was measured by TUNEL staining. In vitro experiments, BRL-3A cells were treated with APAP (7.5 mM) and then subjected to various doses of SIN (10, 50 and 100 μg/mL) at 37°C for 24 h. Inflammatory factors and oxidative stress index were measured by ELISA. The expression of proteins was detected by Western blot. Results The results showed that compared with the control group, the levels of ALT, AST and ALP in the serum of APAP-induced mice were significantly increased, followed by liver histological damage and hepatocyte apoptosis. Besides, APAP reduced the activity of SOD and GSH-Px, while increasing the content of MDA and LDH. Notably, APAP also promoted the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and IL-1β. Interestingly, SIN treatment dose-dependently reduced APAP-induced liver injury and oxidative stress, inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, and reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines. In vitro studies have shown that SIN treatment significantly reduced the viability of BRL-3A cells and oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, the Western blotting analysis showed that SIN inhibited the activation of TGF-β/Smad pathway in a dose-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. These effects were significantly reversed by TGF-β/Smad activator SRI-011381 or TGF-β overexpression. Discussion The study indicates that SIN attenuates APAP-induced acute liver injury by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammatory response via TGF-β/Smad pathway in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Zhou Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Wen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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Lotfy M, Al-Hammadi R, Palakkott AR, Yasin J, Al-Hammadi S, Ksiksi T. Hepatoprotective potentials of Acridocarpus orientalis in mice. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-020-00184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Gao RY, Wang M, Liu Q, Feng D, Wen Y, Xia Y, Colgan SP, Eltzschig HK, Ju C. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α Reprograms Liver Macrophages to Protect Against Acute Liver Injury Through the Production of Interleukin-6. Hepatology 2020; 71:2105-2117. [PMID: 31529728 PMCID: PMC7075728 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose represents the most frequent cause of acute liver failure, resulting in death or liver transplantation in more than one third of patients in the United States. The effectiveness of the only antidote, N-acetylcysteine, declines rapidly after APAP ingestion, long before patients are admitted to the clinic with symptoms of severe liver injury. The direct hepatotoxicity of APAP triggers a cascade of innate immune responses that may exacerbate or limit the progression of tissue damage. A better understanding of this complex mechanism will help uncover targets for therapeutic interventions. APPROACH AND RESULTS We observed that APAP challenge caused stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in the liver and hepatic macrophages (MΦs), particularly HIF-2α. Genetic deletion of the HIF-2α gene in myeloid cells (HIF-2αmye/- ) markedly exacerbated APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) without affecting APAP bioactivation and detoxification. In contrast, hepatic and serum levels of the hepatoprotective cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6), its downstream signal transducer and transcription factor 3 activation in hepatocytes, as well as hepatic MΦ IL-6 expression were markedly reduced in HIF-2αmye/- mice compared to wild-type mice post-APAP challenge. In vitro experiments revealed that hypoxia induced IL-6 production in hepatic MΦs and that such induction was abolished in HIF-2α-deleted hepatic MΦs. Restoration of IL-6 by administration of exogenous IL-6 ameliorated AILI in HIF-2αmye/- mice. Finally, IL-6-mediated hepatoprotection against AILI was abolished in hepatocyte-specific IL-6 receptor knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrate that APAP treatment leads to HIF-2α stabilization in hepatic MΦs and that HIF-2α subsequently reprograms hepatic MΦs to produce the hepatoprotective cytokine IL-6, thereby ameliorating AILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Y. Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qihui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Current address: Biomedical Institute, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yankai Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean P. Colgan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Correspondence should be addressed to C. J. ()
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Ramachandran A, Jaeschke H. A mitochondrial journey through acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111282. [PMID: 32209353 PMCID: PMC7254872 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure in the United States and APAP-induced hepatotoxicity is initiated by formation of a reactive metabolite which depletes hepatic glutathione and forms protein adducts. Studies over the years have established the critical role of c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK) and its mitochondrial translocation, as well as mitochondrial oxidant stress and subsequent induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition in APAP pathophysiology. However, it is now evident that mitochondrial responses to APAP overdose are more nuanced than appreciated earlier, with multiple levels of control, for example, to dose of APAP. In addition, mitochondrial dynamics, as well as the organelle's importance in recovery and regeneration after APAP-induced liver injury is also being recognized, which are exciting new areas with significant therapeutic potential. Thus, this review examines the temporal course of hepatocyte mitochondrial responses to an APAP overdose with an emphasis on mechanistic response to various trigger checkpoints such as NAPQI-mitochondrial protein adduct formation and activated JNK translocation. Mitochondrial dynamics, the organelle's role in recovery after APAP and emerging areas of research which promise to provide further insight into modulation of APAP pathophysiology by these fascinating organelles will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Stefanello ST, de Carvalho NR, Reis SB, Soares FAA, Barcelos RP. Acetaminophen Oxidation and Inflammatory Markers - A Review of Hepatic Molecular Mechanisms and Preclinical Studies. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:1225-1236. [PMID: 32386489 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200510014418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic for pain management, especially useful in chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, easy access to this medicine has increased the occurrence of episodes of poisoning. Patients often develop severe liver damage, which may quickly lead to death. Consequently, numerous studies have been conducted to identify new biomarkers that allow the prediction of the degree of acetaminophen intoxication and thus intervene in a timely manner to save patients' lives. This review highlights the main mechanisms of the induction and progression of liver damage arising from acetaminophen poisoning. In addition, we have discussed the possibility of using new clinical biomarkers for detecting acetaminophen poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Terra Stefanello
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Bioquimica Toxicologica, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Beder Reis
- Institudo de Ciencias Biologicas (ICB), Programa de Posgraduacao em Bioexperimentacao, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Felix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Bioquimica Toxicologica, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Pillon Barcelos
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Bioquimica Toxicologica, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
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Zhao L, Zhang J, Hu C, Wang T, Lu J, Wu C, Chen L, Jin M, Ji G, Cao Q, Jiang Y. Apigenin Prevents Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury by Activating the SIRT1 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:514. [PMID: 32425778 PMCID: PMC7212374 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the main cause of acute liver failure. Apigenin (API) is a natural dietary flavonol with high antioxidant capacity. Herein, we investigated protection by API against APAP-induced liver injury in mice, and explored the potential mechanism. Cell viability assays and mice were used to evaluate the effects of API against APAP-induced liver injury. Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, RT-PCR, and Transmission Electron Microscope were carried out to determine the signalling pathways affected by API. Analysis of mouse serum levels of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), liver myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, glutathione (GSH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) revealed that API (80 mg/kg) owned protective effect on APAP-induced liver injury. Meanwhile, API ameliorated the decreased cell viability in L-02 cells incubated by APAP with a dose dependent. Furthermore, API promoted SIRT1 expression and deacetylated p53. Western blotting showed that API promoted APAP-induced autophagy, activated the NRF2 pathway, and inhibited the transcriptional activation of nuclear p65 in the presence of APAP. Furthermore, SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527 reduced protection by API against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Molecular docking results indicate potential interaction between API and SIRT1. API prevents APAP-induced liver injury by regulating the SIRT1-p53 axis, thereby promoting APAP-induced autophagy and ameliorating APAP-induced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenqu Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Chen
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingming Jin
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanye Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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41
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Moriya K, Tamai M, Koga T, Tanaka T, Tagawa Y. Acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity of cultured hepatocytes depends on timing of isolation from light‐cycle controlled mice. Genes Cells 2020; 25:257-269. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Moriya
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama‐shi Japan
| | - Miho Tamai
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama‐shi Japan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Takumi Koga
- School of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama‐shi Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- School of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama‐shi Japan
| | - Yoh‐ichi Tagawa
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama‐shi Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama‐shi Japan
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42
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Hewedy WA. Effects of treatment with sitagliptin on hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen in mice. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000418482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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43
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Nunes B. Ecotoxicological Effects of the Drug Paracetamol: A Critical Review of Past Ecotoxicity Assessments and Future Perspectives. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2020_546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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44
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Vigo MB, Pérez MJ, De Fino F, Gómez G, Martínez SA, Bisagno V, Di Carlo MB, Scazziota A, Manautou JE, Ghanem CI. Acute acetaminophen intoxication induces direct neurotoxicity in rats manifested as astrogliosis and decreased dopaminergic markers in brain areas associated with locomotor regulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 170:113662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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45
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Zheng N, Gu Y, Hong Y, Sheng L, Chen L, Zhang F, Hou J, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Jia W, Li H. Vancomycin pretreatment attenuates acetaminophen-induced liver injury through 2-hydroxybutyric acid. J Pharm Anal 2019; 10:560-570. [PMID: 33425450 PMCID: PMC7775853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver injury caused by acetaminophen (AP) overdose is a leading public health problem. Although AP-induced liver injury is well recognized as the formation of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone (NAPQI), a toxic metabolite of AP, resulting in cell damage, emerging evidence indicates that AP-induced liver injury is also associated with gut microbiota. However, the gut microbiota-involved mechanism remains largely unknown. In our study, we found that vancomycin (Vac) pretreatment (100 mg/kg, twice a day for 4 days) attenuated AP-induced liver injury, altered the composition of gut microbiota, and changed serum metabolic profile. Moreover, we identified Vac pretreatment elevated cecum and serum 2-hydroxybutyric acid (2-HB), which ameliorated AP-induced cell damage and liver injury in mice by reducing AP bioavailability and elevating GSH levels. Our current results revealed the novel role of 2-HB in protecting AP-induced liver injury and add new evidence for gut microbiota in affecting AP toxicity. Vac pretreatment attenuated AP-induced liver injury in rats. Vac pretreatment elevated metabolite 2-HB both in cecum and serum. 2-HB attenuated the AP-induced hepatotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zheng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Hong
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jie Hou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zean Zhang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Jia
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Houkai Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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46
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Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A, Chao X, Ding WX. Emerging and established modes of cell death during acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3491-3502. [PMID: 31641808 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury is an important clinical and toxicological problem. Understanding the mechanisms and modes of cell death are vital for the development of therapeutic interventions. The histological and clinical features of APAP hepatotoxicity including cell and organelle swelling, karyolysis, and extensive cell contents release lead to the characterization of the cell death as oncotic necrosis. However, the more recent identification of detailed signaling mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction, the amplification mechanisms of mitochondrial oxidant stress and peroxynitrite formation by a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, mechanisms of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and nuclear DNA fragmentation as well as the characterization of the sterile inflammatory response suggested that the mode of cell death is better termed programmed necrosis. Additional features like mitochondrial Bax translocation and cytochrome c release, mobilization of lysosomal iron and the activation of receptor-interacting protein kinases and the inflammasome raised the question whether other emerging modes of cell death such as apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis could also play a role. The current review summarizes the key mechanisms of APAP-induced liver injury and compares these with key features of the newly described modes of cell death. Based on the preponderance of experimental and clinical evidence, the mode of APAP-induced cell death should be termed programmed necrosis; despite some overlap with other modes of cell death, APAP hepatotoxicity does not fulfill the characteristics of either apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis or autophagic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Chao
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
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47
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Auriculatone Sulfate Effectively Protects Mice Against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203642. [PMID: 31600996 PMCID: PMC6832223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is very common worldwide and has been widely recognized as the leading cause of drug-induced liver injury in the Western world. In our previous investigation, auriculatone, a natural product firstly obtained from Aster auriculatus, has demonstrated a potent protective effect against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in HL-7702 cells. However, the poor water solubility and low bioavailability restrict its application. Auriculatone sulfate (AS) is a sulfated derivative of auriculatone with highly improved water-solubility. Hepatoprotective effects against APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) showed that intragastric pretreatment with AS at 50 mg/kg almost completely prevented mice against APAP-induced increases of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and ATPase. Histological results showed that AS could protect the liver tissue damage. In addition, AS pretreatment not only significantly retained hepatic malondialdehyde and the activities of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase at normal levels, but also markedly suppressed the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in mouse liver caused by overdose APAP. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that AS obviously attenuated the expression of CD45 and HNE in liver tissue. Further mechanisms of action investigation showed that inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A11 (CYP 3A11) and CYP2E1 enzymatic activities (but not that of CYP1A2) was responsible for APAP bioactivation. In conclusion, AS showed a hepatoprotective effect against AILI through alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation and inhibiting CYP-mediated APAP bioactivation. It may be an effective hepatoprotective agent for AILI and other forms of human liver disease.
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48
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Hu C, Ye J, Zhao L, Li X, Wang Y, Liu X, Pan L, You L, Chen L, Jia Y, Zhang J. 5,7,3',4'-flavan-on-ol (taxifolin) protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury by regulating the glutathione pathway. Life Sci 2019; 236:116939. [PMID: 31593705 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Taxifolin (TAX) reportedly exerts protective and therapeutic effects in liver. Herein, the effects of TAX against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated. Pharmacodynamics, pharmacology and metabolomics analyses of TAX were assessed on C57 mice and L-02 cells. TAX was administered for 7 days, and APAP was given on the last day to establish an acute liver injury model. ALT and AST levels were determined, and liver ROS, MDA, GST, GSH and GPX1 were analysed. The expression and protein abundance of GPX1, GPS-Pi, GCLC and GCLM were assessed by PCR and western blotting, and metabolic changes in cells and serum were investigated by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS. Serum ALT and AST, and liver ROS, MDA, GST, GSH and GPX1 levels confirmed the protective effects of TAX. Besides, we found Only treating with TAX decreased the expression of CYP2E1 in mice liver tissue. TAX reversed the APAP-induced decrease in cell viability in L-02 cells, and reduced cellular ROS levels. Furthermore, TAX reversed the APAP-induced decrease in antioxidant enzymes at both mRNA and protein levels. Metabolomics analysis identified metabolites mainly related to glutathione metabolism (36 in vivo and 23 in vitro). The concentration of glutathione, oxidized glutathione, carnitine, succinic acid, pyroglutamic acid, citrulline, taurine, palmitoleic acid, phytoshingosine-1-P and sphingosine-1-P were close to normal levels after treating with TAX. These results indicate that TAX prevents APAP-induced liver injury by inhibiting APAP metabolic activation mediated by CYP450 enzymes, modulating glutathione metabolism, and expression of related antioxidative signals. These properties could be harnessed to prevent or treat hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiawen Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Licong Zhao
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110011, China
| | - Xiulong Li
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lingyun Pan
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lisha You
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Long Chen
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yiqun Jia
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Jeong TB, Kim JH, Kim SH, Lee S, Son SW, Lim Y, Cho JY, Hwang DY, Kim KS, Kwak JH, Jung YS. Comparison of toxic responses to acetaminophen challenge in ICR mice originating from different sources. Lab Anim Res 2019; 35:16. [PMID: 32257904 PMCID: PMC7081583 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-019-0017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most common antipyretic analgesic worldwide. However, APAP overdose causes severe liver injury, especially centrilobular necrosis, in humans and experimental animals. At therapeutic dosage, APAP is mainly metabolized by sulfation and glucuronidation, and partly by cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation. However, APAP overdose results in production of excess reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), by cytochromes P450; NAPQI overwhelms the level of glutathione (GSH), which could otherwise detoxify it. NAPQI binds covalently to proteins, leading to cell death. A number of studies aimed at the prevention and treatment of APAP-induced toxicity are underway. Rats are more resistant than mice to APAP hepatotoxicity, and thus mouse models are mainly used. In the present study, we compared the toxic responses induced by APAP overdose in the liver of ICR mice obtained from three different sources and evaluated the usability of the Korl:ICR stock established by the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation in Korea. Administration of APAP (300 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection into male ICR mice enhanced CYP2E1 protein expression and depleted hepatic GSH level 2 h after treatment accompanied with significantly increased level of hepatic malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation. Regardless of the source of the mice, hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by activity of serum alanine aminotransferase, increased from 8 h and peaked at 24 h after APAP treatment. In summary, hepatotoxicity was induced after the onset of oxidative stress by overdose of APAP, and the response was the same over time among mice of different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Bin Jeong
- 1College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - Joung-Hee Kim
- 1College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - Sou Hyun Kim
- 1College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- 1College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - Seung Won Son
- 1College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - Yong Lim
- 2Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Nursing and Healthcare Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Cho
- 3Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- 4Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Kil Soo Kim
- 5College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kwak
- 6College of Pharmacy, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Kyungsung University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- 1College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
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50
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Wang H, Zhang R, Zhu Y, Teng T, Cheng Y, Chowdhury A, Lu J, Jia Z, Song J, Yin X, Sun Y. Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 2 deficiency is resistant to acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2863-2878. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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