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The fatty acid imbalance of cystic fibrosis exists at birth independent of feeding in pig and ferret models. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1773-1791. [PMID: 36416119 PMCID: PMC9747517 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Persons with cystic fibrosis (CF) exhibit a unique alteration of fatty acid composition, marked especially among polyunsaturates by relative deficiency of linoleic acid and excess of Mead acid. Relative deficiency of docosahexaenoic acid is variably found. However, the initial development of these abnormalities is not understood. We examined fatty acid composition in young CF ferrets and pigs, finding abnormalities from the day of birth onward including relative deficiency of linoleic acid in both species. Fatty acid composition abnormalities were present in both liver and serum phospholipids of newborn CF piglets even prior to feeding, including reduced linoleic acid and increased Mead acid. Serum fatty acid composition evolved over the first weeks of life in both non-CF and CF ferrets, though differences between CF and non-CF persisted. Although red blood cell phospholipid fatty acid composition was normal in newborn animals, it became perturbed in juvenile CF ferrets including relative deficiencies of linoleic and docosahexaenoic acids and excess of Mead acid. In summary, fatty acid composition abnormalities in CF pigs and ferrets exist from a young age including at birth independent of feeding and overlap extensively with the abnormalities found in humans with CF. That the abnormalities exist prior to feeding implies that dietary measures alone will not address the mechanisms of imbalance.
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Yu HY, Park SE, Chun HS, Rho JR, Ahn S. Phospholipid composition analysis of krill oil through HPLC with ELSD: Development, validation, and comparison with 31P NMR spectroscopy. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Cassen A, Fabre JF, Lacroux E, Cerny M, Vaca-Medina G, Mouloungui Z, Merah O, Valentin R. Aqueous Integrated Process for the Recovery of Oil Bodies or Fatty Acid Emulsions from Sunflower Seeds. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020149. [PMID: 35204650 PMCID: PMC8961559 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An aqueous integrated process was developed to obtain several valuable products from sunflower seeds. With a high-shear rate crusher, high-pressure homogenization and centrifugation, it is possible to process 600× g of seeds in 1400× g of water to obtain a concentrated cream phase with a dry matter (dm) content of 46%, consisting of 74 (w/w dm) lipids in the form of an oil-body dispersion (droplet size d(0.5): 2.0 µm) rich in proteins (13% w/w dm, with membranous and extraneous proteins). The inclusion of an enzymatic step mediated by a lipase made possible the total hydrolysis of trigylcerides into fatty acids. The resulting cream had a slightly higher lipid concentration, a ratio lipid/water closer to 1, with a dry matter content of 57% consisting of 69% (w/w) lipids, a more complex structure, as observed on Cryo-SEM, with a droplet size slightly greater (d(0.5): 2.5 µm) than that of native oil bodies and a conserved protein concentration (12% w/w dm) but an almost vanished phospholipid content (17.1 ± 4.4 mg/g lipids compared to 144.6 ± 6 mg/g lipids in the oil-body dispersion and 1811.2 ± 122.2 mg/g lipids in the seed). The aqueous phases and pellets were also characterized, and their mineral, lipid and protein contents provide new possibilities for valorization in food or technical applications.
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Hou Z, Fuiman LA. Incorporation of dietary lipids and fatty acids into red drum Sciaenops ocellatus eggs. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 258:110694. [PMID: 34758384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic and early larval development and metabolism are fueled entirely by maternally derived nutritional resources (yolk and oil) before the onset of exogenous feeding. Composition of these maternally derived nutrients depends partly on maternal diet. Diet-egg relationships for fatty acids are well described for some species, but little is known about lipid transfer to eggs. To examine the effects of maternal diet on the egg composition, we fed adult red drum Sciaenops ocellatus six different diets, and measured lipid class and fatty acid composition of eggs they produced. Egg lipid class profiles remained relatively stable with only subtle differences in the concentrations of several lipid classes. Neutral lipid classes (wax ester/steryl ester (WE/SE), triglyceride (TG), sterol) varied more than polar lipid classes, with egg TG content being directly related to TG content of maternal diets. Dietary variations rapidly affected fatty acid composition of all major lipid classes in eggs (TG, WE/SE, phosphatidylcholine), with greater effects on neutral lipids than on the polar lipid. Results suggest a degree of maternal control over the provisioning of lipids as structural components (phospholipids) and energy substrates (neutral lipids), which may ensure proper development of larvae. But, egg fatty acid composition within lipid classes is more variable, and this may have consequences for larval survival and performance. This study also suggests that the pathways of maternal-offspring nutrient transfer are likely different for neutral and polar lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxin Hou
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States of America.
| | - Lee A Fuiman
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States of America
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Huang Y, Mu R, Wen D, Grimsby JS, Liang M, Rosenbaum AI. Differences in levels of phosphatidylinositols in healthy and stable Coronary Artery Disease subjects revealed by HILIC-MRM method with SERRF normalization. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252426. [PMID: 34086718 PMCID: PMC8177664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of endogenous biomarkers in clinical studies requires careful evaluation of a number of assay performance parameters. Comparisons of absolute values from several clinical studies can enable retrospective analyses further elucidating the biology of a given biomarker across various study populations. We characterized the performance of a highly multiplex bioanalytical method for quantification of phosphatidylinositols (PI). Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) were employed for targeted multiplex quantification. Odd-chain PI species that are not normally present in human plasma were utilized as surrogate analytes (SA) to assess various assay performance parameters and establish a definitive dynamic linear range for PI lipids. To correct for batch effects, Systematic Error Removal using Random Forest (SERRF) normalization algorithm was employed and used to bridge raw values between two clinical studies, enabling quantitative comparison of their absolute values. A high throughput method was developed, qualified, transferred to an automation platform and applied to sample testing in two clinical trials in healthy volunteers (NCT03001297) and stable Coronary Artery Disease (CAD, NCT03351738) subjects. The method demonstrated acceptable precision and accuracy (±30%) over linear range of 1-1000 nM for SA and 8-fold dilutional linearity for endogenous PI. We determined that mean-adjusted average QC performed best for normalization using SERRF. The comparison of two studies revealed that healthy subject levels of PI are consistently higher across PI species compared to CAD subjects identifying a potential lipid biomarker to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ruipeng Mu
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - David Wen
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Joseph S. Grimsby
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America
| | - Meina Liang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Anton I. Rosenbaum
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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6
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Abstract
Phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) catalyzes the penultimate step in the synthesis of triacylglycerol and regulates the synthesis of membrane phospholipids. There is much interest in this enzyme because it controls the cellular levels of its substrate, phosphatidate (PA), and product, DAG; defects in the metabolism of these lipid intermediates are the basis for lipid-based diseases such as obesity, lipodystrophy, and inflammation. The measurement of PAP activity is required for studies aimed at understanding its mechanisms of action, how it is regulated, and for screening its activators and/or inhibitors. Enzyme activity is determined through the use of radioactive and nonradioactive assays that measure the product, DAG, or Pi However, sensitivity and ease of use are variable across these methods. This review summarizes approaches to synthesize radioactive PA, to analyze radioactive and nonradioactive products, DAG and Pi, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each PAP assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabuddha Dey
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Gil-Soo Han
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - George M Carman
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Liu Y, Cong P, Li B, Song Y, Liu Y, Xu J, Xue C. Effect of thermal processing towards lipid oxidation and non-enzymatic browning reactions of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) meal. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:5257-5268. [PMID: 29652437 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antarctic krill is a huge source of biomass and prospective high-quality lipid source. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), nutritionally important lipid components with poor oxidative stability, were used as markers of oxidation during thermal processing of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) meal by evaluating the lipolysis, lipid oxidation, and non-enzymatic browning reactions. RESULT Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of the phospholipids and the main oxidation products of free fatty acids and phosphatidylcholine (PC) was effective for evaluating the oxidation of EPA and DHA. During boiling, oxidation of EPA and DHA in the free fatty acid and PC fractions and hydrolysis of the fatty acids at the sn-2 position of the phospholipids were predominant. The changes in PC during drying were mainly attributed to the oxidation of EPA and DHA. Heat treatment increased the oxidation products and concentration of hydrophobic pyrrole owing to pyrrolization between phosphatidylethanolamine and the lipid oxidation products. CONCLUSION The lipid oxidation level of Antarctic krill increased after drying, owing to prolonged heating under the severe conditions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Peixu Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Beijia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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8
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Kotapati HK, Bates PD. A normal phase high performance liquid chromatography method for the separation of hydroxy and non-hydroxy neutral lipid classes compatible with ultraviolet and in-line liquid scintillation detection of radioisotopes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1102-1103:52-59. [PMID: 30368043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a method for the separation of hydroxy fatty acid and non-hydroxy fatty acid containing neutral lipid classes via normal phase HPLC with UV detection on a PVA-Sil column. The hexane/isopropanol/methanol/water based method separates all the neutral lipids in 21 min, and subsequently flushes through the polar lipids by 27 min such that prefractionation of neutral and polar lipids are not required, and the column is re-equilibrated for the next run in 15 min, for a total run time of 45 min per sample. The separation was demonstrated at both 1.0 mL/min and 1.5 mL/min for added applicability for fraction collection or inline analysis. Separation of various hydroxy fatty acid containing lipids was demonstrated from three different plant species Ricinus communis, Physaria fendleri, and engineered Arabidopsis thaliana. Additionally, we have combined this method with an in-line liquid scintillation counter for the separation and quantification of 14C labeled lipids obtained from in vivo metabolic flux experiments conducted in the developing seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Kiran Kotapati
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Box # 5043, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Philip D Bates
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Box # 5043, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA.
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Fatty acid composition and phospholipid types used in infant formulas modifies the establishment of human gut bacteria in germ-free mice. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28638093 PMCID: PMC5479857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk fat contains high concentrations of medium-chained fatty acids (MCFA) and triacylglycerols emulsified by a sphingomyelin-rich phospholipid membrane (milk phospholipids, MPL). Infant formula comprises mainly long-chained fatty acids (LCFA) emulsified with dairy proteins and soy lecithin (SL) lacking sphingomyelin. Sphingomyelin content and saturation level of phospholipids affect the gut lipase activity, which alters the concentrations of lipid hydrolysis products in ileum and colon, and hereby putatively affects the competitive advantage of specific gut bacteria. Thus, differences in phospholipid and FA composition may modulate the establishment of the gut microbiota. We investigated effects of fatty acid (FA) composition and emulsification (MPL vs SL) ingested during establishment of human gut microbiota in germ-free mice, and found that cecal microbiotas from mice given MCFA-rich emulsions were characterized by high relative abundances of Bacteroidaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae, while LCFA-rich emulsions caused higher abundances of Enterobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Coriobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae. Consumption of SL-emulsified lipids skewed the community towards more Enterococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, while MPL increased Bacteroidaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Rikkenellaceae and Porphyromonadaceae. Intake of SL increased cecal concentrations of iso-valeric and iso-butyric acids. This suggests that fat-type and emulsifiers applied in infant formula may have distinct effects on the establishment of the gut microbiota in formula-fed infants.
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10
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Hänninen S, Batchu KC, Hokynar K, Somerharju P. Simple and rapid biochemical method to synthesize labeled or unlabeled phosphatidylinositol species. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1259-1264. [PMID: 28420658 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d075960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (PI) is the precursor of many important signaling molecules in eukaryotic cells and, most probably, PI also has important functions in cellular membranes. However, these functions are poorly understood, which is largely due to that i) only few PI species with specific acyl chains are available commercially and ii) there are no simple methods to synthesize such species. Here, we present a simple biochemical protocol to synthesize a variety of labeled or unlabeled PI species from corresponding commercially available phosphatidylcholines. The protocol can be carried out in a single vial in a two-step process which employs three enzymatic reactions mediated by i) commercial phospholipase D from Streptomyces chromofuscus, ii) CDP-diacylglycerol synthase overexpressed in E. coli and iii) PI synthase of Arabidopsis thaliana ectopically expressed in E. coli The PI product is readily purified from the reaction mixture by liquid chromatography since E. coli does not contain endogenous PI or other coeluting lipids. The method allows one to synthesize and purify labeled or unlabeled PI species in 1 or 2 days.Typically, 40-60% of (unsaturated) PC was converted to PI albeit the final yield of PI was less (25-35%) due to losses upon purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Hänninen
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and
| | - Krishna Chaithanya Batchu
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and
| | - Kati Hokynar
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and.,Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pentti Somerharju
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and
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11
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Haczeyni F, Poekes L, Wang H, Mridha AR, Barn V, Geoffrey Haigh W, Ioannou GN, Yeh MM, Leclercq IA, Teoh NC, Farrell GC. Obeticholic acid improves adipose morphometry and inflammation and reduces steatosis in dietary but not metabolic obesity in mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:155-165. [PMID: 27804232 PMCID: PMC5849463 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the outcome of interactions between overnutrition, energy metabolism, and adipose function. Obeticholic acid (OCA) improves steatosis in patients but for unknown reasons does not resolve NASH pathology. This study therefore investigated OCA effects in Wt mice, which develop obesity with atherogenic dietary feeding, and appetite-dysregulated, Alms1 mutant foz/foz mice fed the same diet, which develop metabolic obesity and diabetes. METHODS OCA (1 mg/kg) was administered orally to female foz/foz mice and Wt littermates from weaning until 28 weeks. Adipose indices, glucose tolerance, and fatty liver pathology were studied. Experiments were repeated with OCA 10 mg/kg. RESULTS OCA reduced body weight and hepatic lipids and improved glucose disposal only in Wt mice. OCA limited Wt adipose expansion, altered morphometry in favor of small adipocytes, enhanced expression of genes indicating adipose browning, and reduced crown-like structure number in visceral adipose tissue. foz/foz mice showed more crown-like structures in all compartments; OCA failed to alter adipose morphometry, browning, inflammation, or improve NASH severity, even at 10 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS OCA improved adipose indices, glucose tolerance, and steatosis in a milder metabolic phenotype but failed to improve these factors in morbidly obese diabetic mice. These results help explain OCA's limited efficacy to reverse human NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahrettin Haczeyni
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School at the Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Laurence Poekes
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hans Wang
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School at the Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Auvro R Mridha
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School at the Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Vanessa Barn
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School at the Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - W Geoffrey Haigh
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - George N Ioannou
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew M Yeh
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Isabelle A Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Narcissus C Teoh
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School at the Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Geoffrey C Farrell
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School at the Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Prache N, Abreu S, Sassiat P, Thiébaut D, Chaminade P. Alternative solvents for improving the greenness of normal phase liquid chromatography of lipid classes. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1464:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Donot F, Strub C, Fontana A, Jouy N, Delbes C, Gunata Z, Schorr-Galindo S. Rapid analysis and quantification of major neutral lipid species and free fatty acids by HPLC-ELSD from microalgae. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florentin Donot
- UMR Qualisud; University of Montpellier; Montpellier France
- Total SA; Pôle Recherche et Développement Mont/Lacq; Lacq France
| | - Caroline Strub
- UMR Qualisud; University of Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | | | - Nicolas Jouy
- UMR Qualisud; University of Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | | | - Ziya Gunata
- UMR Qualisud; University of Montpellier; Montpellier France
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14
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Arslan FN, Kara H. Fully Automated Three-Dimensional Column-Switching SPE–FIA–HPLC System for the Characterization of Lipids by a Single Injection: Part I. Instrumental Design and Chemometric Approach to Assess the Effect of Experimental Settings on the Response of ELSD. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-015-2750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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16
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Kiełbowicz G, Trziszka T, Wawrzeńczyk C. Separation and Quantification of Phospholipid and Neutral Lipid Classes by HPLC–CAD: Application to Egg Yolk Lipids. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.991869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Kiełbowicz
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Trziszka
- Department of Animal Products Technology and Quality Management, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Czesław Wawrzeńczyk
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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17
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Müller DC, Degen C, Scherer G, Jahreis G, Niessner R, Scherer M. Metabolomics using GC–TOF–MS followed by subsequent GC–FID and HILIC–MS/MS analysis revealed significantly altered fatty acid and phospholipid species profiles in plasma of smokers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 966:117-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Hogmalm A, Bry M, Strandvik B, Bry K. IL-1β expression in the distal lung epithelium disrupts lung morphogenesis and epithelial cell differentiation in fetal mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 306:L23-34. [PMID: 24186874 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00154.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal inflammation and the inflammatory cytokine IL-1 can modify lung morphogenesis. To examine the effects of antenatal expression of IL-1β in the distal airway epithelium on fetal lung morphogenesis, we studied lung development and surfactant expression in fetal mice expressing human IL-1β under the control of the surfactant protein (SP)-C promoter. IL-1β-expressing pups suffered respiratory failure and died shortly after birth. IL-1β caused fetal lung inflammation and enhanced the expression of keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC/CXCL1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 3 (MCP-3/CCL7), the calgranulins S100A8 and S100A9, the acute-phase protein serum amyloid A3, the chitinase-like proteins Ym1 and Ym2, and pendrin. IL-1β decreased the percentage of the total distal lung area made up of air saccules and the number of air saccules in the lungs of fetal mice. IL-1β inhibited the expression of VEGF-A and its receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. The percentage of the cellular area of the distal lung made up of capillaries was decreased in IL-1β-expressing fetal mice. IL-1β suppressed the production of SP-B and pro-SP-C and decreased the amount of phosphatidylcholine and the percentage of palmitic acid in the phosphatidylcholine fraction of lung phospholipids, indicating that IL-1β prevented the differentiation of type II epithelial cells. The production of Clara cell secretory protein in the nonciliated bronchiolar (Clara) cells was likewise suppressed by IL-1β. In conclusion, expression of IL-1β in the epithelium of the distal airways disrupted the development of the airspaces and capillaries in the fetal lung and caused fatal respiratory failure at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hogmalm
- Univ. of Gothenburg, Dept. of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, SWE-416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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19
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Jangle RD, Galge RV, Patil VV, Thorat BN. Selective HPLC method development for soy phosphatidylcholine Fatty acids and its mass spectrometry. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 75:339-45. [PMID: 24082350 PMCID: PMC3783752 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.117435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, efficient and simple approach for soy phosphatidylcholine analysis according to its fatty acid composition was studied with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis was performed isocratically using UV detector and simple mobile phase solvents consisting of isopropyl alcohol, methanol, and deionized water in the proportion of 70:8:22 v/v. The uniqueness of the proposed method was the separation of individual fatty acids of soy phosphatidylcholine. The high-performance liquid chromatography method for soy phosphatidylcholine was validated for linearity with correlation coefficient of above 0.99 for all the peaks separated according to their fatty acid composition. The intra-day and the inter-day precision studies provided the relative standard deviation of less than 2%. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation values were also calculated for all the resolved peaks of soy phosphatidylcholine. Also system performance parameters such as number of theoretical plates, capacity factor, tailing factor, separation factor, and peak resolution were studied systematically and found well within the acceptable range. The proposed high-performance liquid chromatography method was successfully applied to soy phosphatidylcholine extracted and purified from deoiled soy lecithin without any interference of impurities or solvent peaks. Individually, the collected peaks of sample soy phosphatidylcholine were subjected for mass spectroscopy. The mass spectra showed all the peaks having different saturated or unsaturated fatty acid chains attached to glyerophosphocholine moiety of soy phosphatidylcholine. The method developed is economic and well suited for estimation of soy phosphatidylcholine with its fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Jangle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Drying Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Technology (Formerly UDCT), N. P. Road, Matunga (E), Mumbai-400 019, India
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20
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Khoomrung S, Chumnanpuen P, Jansa-Ard S, Ståhlman M, Nookaew I, Borén J, Nielsen J. Rapid quantification of yeast lipid using microwave-assisted total lipid extraction and HPLC-CAD. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4912-9. [PMID: 23634639 DOI: 10.1021/ac3032405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We here present simple and rapid methods for fast screening of yeast lipids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. First we introduced a microwave-assisted technique for fast lipid extraction that allows the extraction of lipids within 10 min. The new method enhances extraction rate by 27 times, while maintaining product yields comparable to conventional methods (n = 14, P > 0.05). The recovery (n = 3) from spiking of synthetic standards were 92 ± 6% for cholesterol, 95 ± 4% for triacylglycerol, and 92 ± 4% for free fatty acids. Additionally, the new extraction method combines cell disruption and extraction in one step, and the approach, therefore, not only greatly simplifies sample handling but also reduces analysis time and minimizes sample loss during sample preparation. Second, we developed a chromatographic separation that allowed separation of neutral and polar lipids from the extracted samples within a single run. The separation was performed based on a three gradient solvent system combined with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-HPLC followed by detection using a charged aerosol detector. The method was shown to be highly reproducible in terms of retention time of the analytes (intraday; 0.002-0.034% RSD; n = 10, interday; 0.04-1.35% RSD; n = 5) and peak area (intraday; 0.63-6% RSD; n = 10, interday; 4-12% RSD; n = 5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakda Khoomrung
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göthenborg, Sweden
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21
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Kainu V, Hermansson M, Hänninen S, Hokynar K, Somerharju P. Import of phosphatidylserine to and export of phosphatidylethanolamine molecular species from mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:429-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Waring MJ, Birch AM, Birtles S, Buckett LK, Butlin RJ, Campbell L, Gutierrez PM, Kemmitt PD, Leach AG, MacFaul PA, O'Donnell C, Turnbull AV. Optimisation of biphenyl acetic acid inhibitors of diacylglycerol acetyl transferase 1 – the discovery of AZD2353. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20190a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Focus on ligand efficiency, ligand lipophilicity efficiency, and conformational restriction led to the discovery of AZD2353.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Waring
- Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit
- AstraZeneca R&D
- Cheshire
- UK
| | - Alan M. Birch
- Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit
- AstraZeneca R&D
- Cheshire
- UK
| | - Susan Birtles
- Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit
- AstraZeneca R&D
- Cheshire
- UK
| | - Linda K. Buckett
- Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit
- AstraZeneca R&D
- Cheshire
- UK
| | - Roger J. Butlin
- Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit
- AstraZeneca R&D
- Cheshire
- UK
| | - Leonie Campbell
- Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit
- AstraZeneca R&D
- Cheshire
- UK
| | | | - Paul D. Kemmitt
- Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit
- AstraZeneca R&D
- Cheshire
- UK
| | - Andrew G. Leach
- Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit
- AstraZeneca R&D
- Cheshire
- UK
| | - Philip A. MacFaul
- Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit
- AstraZeneca R&D
- Cheshire
- UK
| | - Charles O'Donnell
- Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit
- AstraZeneca R&D
- Cheshire
- UK
| | - Andrew V. Turnbull
- Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit
- AstraZeneca R&D
- Cheshire
- UK
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23
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Özbalci C, Sachsenheimer T, Brügger B. Quantitative analysis of cellular lipids by nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1033:3-20. [PMID: 23996167 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-487-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipid analysis performed by nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is a highly sensitive method for quantification of lipids including all lipid species of a given lipid class. Various instrumental setups are used for quantitative lipid analysis, including different modes of ionization, separation, and detection. Here we describe a work-flow for the rapid and quantitative analysis of lipid species from cellular membranes by direct infusion of lipid extracts to a nano-electrospray ionization triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagakan Özbalci
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Kocharin K, Chen Y, Siewers V, Nielsen J. Engineering of acetyl-CoA metabolism for the improved production of polyhydroxybutyrate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AMB Express 2012; 2:52. [PMID: 23009357 PMCID: PMC3519744 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-2-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Through metabolic engineering microorganisms can be engineered to produce new products and further produce these with higher yield and productivities. Here, we expressed the bacterial polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) pathway in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and we further evaluated the effect of engineering the formation of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), an intermediate of the central carbon metabolism and precursor of the PHB pathway, on heterologous PHB production by yeast. We engineered the acetyl-CoA metabolism by co-transformation of a plasmid containing genes for native S. cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH2), acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALD6), acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ERG10) and a Salmonella enterica acetyl-CoA synthetase variant (acsL641P), resulting in acetoacetyl-CoA overproduction, together with a plasmid containing the PHB pathway genes coding for acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (phaA), NADPH-linked acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (phaB) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) polymerase (phaC) from Ralstonia eutropha H16. Introduction of the acetyl-CoA plasmid together with the PHB plasmid, improved the productivity of PHB more than 16 times compared to the reference strain used in this study, as well as it reduced the specific product formation of side products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokarn Kocharin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Verena Siewers
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
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25
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Larsson K, Cavonius L, Alminger M, Undeland I. Oxidation of cod liver oil during gastrointestinal in vitro digestion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:7556-7564. [PMID: 22746365 DOI: 10.1021/jf301444x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of cod liver oil rich in long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) was investigated during a gastrointestinal (GI) in vitro digestion. The digestion stimulated TBA-reactive substances (TBARS) formation in both the gastric and intestinal steps, whereas levels of lipid hydroperoxides remained nearly constant. The presence of digestive compounds was decisive for the TBARS development because TBARS did not change when the cod liver oil was subjected only to the temperature and pH gradient of the GI model. Preformed oxidation products in the cod liver oil resulted in further elevated TBARS levels during the digestion. Addition of hemoglobin (11.5 μM) to emulsified cod liver oil dramatically increased TBARS and lipid hydroperoxide levels during GI digestion, whereas 1 mg α-tocopherol/g oil did not show any protection against oxidation. Specific concern thus needs to be taken in the design of foods containing LC n-3 PUFA to preserve these lipids and avoid harmful oxidation, both before and after consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Larsson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering-Food Science, Chalmers University of Technology , SE 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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26
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Integrated analysis of transcriptome and lipid profiling reveals the co-influences of inositol–choline and Snf1 in controlling lipid biosynthesis in yeast. Mol Genet Genomics 2012; 287:541-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-012-0697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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27
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Restuccia D, Spizzirri UG, Puoci F, Cirillo G, Vinci G, Picci N. Determination of Phospholipids in Food Samples. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2011.563398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Aladedunye FA, Przybylski R. Antioxidative properties of phenolic acids and interaction with endogenous minor components during frying. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Brouwers JF. Liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of phospholipids. Chromatography, ionization and quantification. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:763-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Hellmuth C, Uhl O, Segura-Moreno M, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B. Determination of acylglycerols from biological samples with chromatography-based methods. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3470-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Van Rooyen DM, Larter CZ, Haigh WG, Yeh MM, Ioannou G, Kuver R, Lee SP, Teoh NC, Farrell GC. Hepatic free cholesterol accumulates in obese, diabetic mice and causes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:1393-403, 1403.e1-5. [PMID: 21703998 PMCID: PMC3186822 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Revised: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are associated with insulin resistance and disordered cholesterol homeostasis. We investigated the basis for hepatic cholesterol accumulation with insulin resistance and its relevance to the pathogenesis of NASH. METHODS Alms1 mutant (foz/foz) and wild-type NOD.B10 mice were fed high-fat diets that contained varying percentages of cholesterol; hepatic lipid pools and pathways of cholesterol turnover were determined. Hepatocytes were exposed to insulin concentrations that circulate in diabetic foz/foz mice. RESULTS Hepatic cholesterol accumulation was attributed to up-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor via activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP-2), reduced biotransformation to bile acids, and suppression of canalicular pathways for cholesterol and bile acid excretion in bile. Exposing primary hepatocytes to concentrations of insulin that circulate in diabetic Alms1 mice replicated the increases in SREBP-2 and low-density lipoprotein receptor and suppression of bile salt export pump. Removing cholesterol from diet prevented hepatic accumulation of free cholesterol and NASH; increasing dietary cholesterol levels exacerbated hepatic accumulation of free cholesterol, hepatocyte injury or apoptosis, macrophage recruitment, and liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS In obese, diabetic mice, hyperinsulinemia alters nuclear transcriptional regulators of cholesterol homeostasis, leading to hepatic accumulation of free cholesterol; the resulting cytotoxicity mediates transition of steatosis to NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick M Van Rooyen
- Liver Research Group, ANU Medical School at The Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT Australia
| | - Claire Z Larter
- Liver Research Group, ANU Medical School at The Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT Australia
| | - W Geoffrey Haigh
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew M Yeh
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medical Centre, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - George Ioannou
- Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Rahul Kuver
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sum P Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Narci C Teoh
- Liver Research Group, ANU Medical School at The Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT Australia
| | - Geoffrey C Farrell
- Liver Research Group, ANU Medical School at The Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT Australia
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32
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Palsdottir V, Olsson B, Borén J, Strandvik B, Gabrielsson BG. Postnatal essential fatty acid deficiency in mice affects lipoproteins, hepatic lipids, fatty acids and mRNA expression. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2011; 85:179-88. [PMID: 21658924 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) during suckling in mice resulted in an adult lean phenotype and a resistance to diet-induced obesity. We now hypothesized that postnatal EFAD would cause long-term effects on lipid metabolism. C57BL/6 mice were fed an EFAD or a control diet from the 16th day of gestation and throughout lactation. The pups were weaned to standard diet (STD) and at 15 weeks of age given either high fat diet (HFD) or STD. Lipoprotein profiles, hepatic lipids, fatty acids and mRNA expression were analyzed in 3-week-old and 25-week-old offspring. At weaning, the EFAD pups had higher cholesterol levels in both plasma and liver and 6-fold higher concentrations of hepatic cholesterol esters than control pups. Adult EFAD offspring had higher levels of hepatic cholesterol and linoleic acid, but lower levels of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and Pparg mRNA expression in the liver. In addition, HFD fed EFAD offspring had lower plasma total cholesterol, lower hepatic triglycerides and lower liver weight compared to controls fed HFD. In conclusion, early postnatal EFAD resulted in short-term alterations with increased hepatic cholesterol accumulation and long-term protection against diet-induced liver steatosis and hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilborg Palsdottir
- Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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33
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Aladedunye FA, Przybylski R. Frying Performance of Canola Oil Triacylglycerides as Affected by Vegetable Oils Minor Components. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-011-1887-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Brodde MF, Korporaal SJ, Herminghaus G, Fobker M, Van Berkel TJ, Tietge UJ, Robenek H, Van Eck M, Kehrel BE, Nofer JR. Native high-density lipoproteins inhibit platelet activation via scavenger receptor BI. Atherosclerosis 2011; 215:374-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Gołębiowski M, Boguś MI, Paszkiewicz M, Stepnowski P. Cuticular lipids of insects as potential biofungicides: methods of lipid composition analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:3177-91. [PMID: 21153591 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The main function of cuticular lipids in insects is the restriction of water transpiration through the surface. Lipids are involved in various types of chemical communication between species and reduce the penetration of insecticides, chemicals, and toxins and they also provide protection from attack by microorganisms, parasitic insects, and predators. Hydrocarbons, which include straight-chain saturated, unsaturated, and methyl-branched hydrocarbons, predominate in the cuticular lipids of most insect species; fatty acids, alcohols, esters, ketones, aldehydes, as well as trace amounts of epoxides, ethers, oxoaldehydes, diols, and triacylglycerols have also been identified. Analyses of cuticular lipids are chemically relatively straightforward, and methods for their extraction should be simple. Classically, extraction has relied mainly on application of apolar solvents to the entire insect body. Recently, several alternative methods have been employed to overcome some of the shortcomings of solvent extraction. These include the use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers to extract hydrocarbons from the headspace of heated samples, SPME to sample live individuals, and a less expensive method (utilized for social wasps), which consists of the collection of cuticular lipids by means of small pieces of cotton rubbed on the body of the insect. Both classical and recently developed extraction methods are reviewed in this work. The separation and analysis of the insect cuticular lipids were performed by column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography with a laser light scattering detector (HPLC-LLSD), gas chromatography (GC), and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). The strategy of lipid analysis with the use of chromatographic techniques was as follows: extraction of analytes from biological material, lipid class separation by TLC, column chromatography, HPLC-LLSD, derivatization, and final determination by GC, GC-MS, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) MS, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Gołębiowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Sobieskiego 18/19, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.
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36
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Size exclusion chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection as a method for speciation analysis of polydimethylsiloxanes. I: Influence of selected factors on the signal intensity of the detector. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:503-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Kainu V, Hermansson M, Somerharju P. Introduction of phospholipids to cultured cells with cyclodextrin. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:3533-41. [PMID: 20881052 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d009373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that methyl-β-cyclodextrin (meβ-CD) can greatly enhance translocation of long-chain phospholipids from vesicles to cells in culture, which is very useful when studying, e.g., phospholipid metabolism and trafficking. However, the parameters affecting the transfer have not been systematically studied. Therefore, we studied the relevant parameters including meβ-CD and vesicle concentration, incubation time, phospholipid structure, and cell type. Because meβ-CD can extract cholesterol and other lipids from cells, thereby potentially altering cell growth or viability, these issues were studied as well. The results show that efficient incorporation of phospholipid species with hydrophobicity similar to that of natural species can be obtained without significantly compromising cell growth or viability. Cellular content of phosphatidyl-serine, -ethanolamine, and -choline could be increased dramatically, i.e., 400, 125, and 25%, respectively. Depletion of cellular cholesterol could be prevented or alleviated by inclusion of the proper amount of cholesterol in the donor vesicles. In summary, meβ-CD mediates efficient transfer of long-chain (phospho) lipids from vesicles to cells without significantly compromising their growth or viability. This lays a basis for detailed studies of phospholipid metabolism and trafficking as well as enables extensive manipulation of cellular phospholipid composition, which is particularly useful when investigating mechanisms underlying phospholipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Kainu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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38
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Rocha JM, Kalo PJ, Malcata FX. Neutral lipids in non‐starch lipid and starch lipid extracts from Portuguese sourdough bread. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João M. Rocha
- CBQF/Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paavo J. Kalo
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - F. Xavier Malcata
- ISMAI – Instituto Superior da Maia, Avioso S. Pedro, Portugal
- CEBAL – Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro‐alimentar do Baixo Alentejo e Litoral, Beja, Portugal
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39
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Nie H, Liu R, Yang Y, Bai Y, Guan Y, Qian D, Wang T, Liu H. Lipid profiling of rat peritoneal surface layers by online normal- and reversed-phase 2D LC QToF-MS. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:2833-44. [PMID: 20526000 PMCID: PMC2918466 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d007567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An online, two-dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography (LC) quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QToF-MS) method was developed for lipid profiling of rat peritoneal surface layers, in which the lipid classes and species could be simultaneously separated in one injection with a significantly increased sensitivity. Different lipid classes were separated on a normal-phase column in the first dimension and lipid molecular species were separated on a reversed-phase column in the second dimension, so that the ion suppression effects were reduced while the detection sensitivity was improved. Identified were 721 endogenous lipid species from 12 lipid classes, in which 415 structures were confirmed using tandem mass spectra, and the other 306 lipid molecular species were identified by accurate masses. The linearity, limit of detection, and repeatability were all satisfactory. The method was applied to the investigation of the lipid changes in rat peritoneal surface layer after peritoneal dialysis, and 32 potential lipid biomarkers were identified, as their concentrations in the dosed group were 2.2-12.5 times of those in the control group. The results revealed that this 2D LC-MS system was a promising tool for lipid profiling of complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ranran Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Youyou Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yafeng Guan
- Department of Instrumental and Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Daqing Qian
- Department of Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
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40
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Combined reversed phase HPLC, mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy for a fast separation and efficient identification of phosphatidylcholines. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2011. [PMID: 20871812 PMCID: PMC2943112 DOI: 10.1155/2011/385786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In respect of the manifold involvement of lipids in biochemical processes, the analysis of intact and underivatised lipids of body fluids as well as cell and tissue extracts is still a challenging task, if detailed molecular information is required. Therefore, the advantage of combined use of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy will be shown analyzing three different types of extracts of the ubiquitous membrane component phosphatidylcholine. At first, different reversed phase modifications were tested on phosphatidylcholines (PC) with the same effective carbon number (ECN) for their applicability in lipid analysis. The results were taken to improve the separation of three natural PC extract types and a new reversed phase (RP)-HPLC method was developed. The individual species were characterized by one- and two-dimensional NMR and positive or negative ion mode quadrupole time of flight (q-TOF)-MS as well as MS/MS techniques. Furthermore, ion suppression effects during electrospray ionisation (ESI), difficulties, limits, and advantages of the individual analytical techniques are addressed.
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41
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Rocha JM, Kalo PJ, Ollilainen V, Malcata FX. Separation and identification of neutral cereal lipids by normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography, using evaporative light-scattering and electrospray mass spectrometry for detection. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3013-25. [PMID: 20346455 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel method was developed for the analysis of molecular species in neutral lipid classes, using separation by normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography, followed by detection by evaporative light-scattering and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Monoacid standards, i.e. sterol esters, triacylglycerols, fatty acids, diacylglycerols, free sterols and monoacylglycerols, were separated to baseline on microbore 3 microm-silica gel columns. Complete or partial separation of molecular species in each lipid class permitted identification by automatic tandem mass spectrometry of ammonium adducts, produced via positive electrospray ionization. After optimization of the method, separation and identification of molecular species of various lipid classes was comprehensively tested by analysis of neutral lipids from the free lipid extract of maize flour.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M Rocha
- CBQF/Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, P-4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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42
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Haimi P, Hermansson M, Batchu KC, Virtanen JA, Somerharju P. Substrate efflux propensity plays a key role in the specificity of secretory A-type phospholipases. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:751-60. [PMID: 19887372 PMCID: PMC2804224 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.061218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 11/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the principles underlying the substrate specificity of A-type phospholipases (PLAs), a high throughput mass spectrometric assay was employed to study the effect of acyl chain length and unsaturation of phospholipids on their rate of hydrolysis by three different secretory PLAs in micelles and vesicle bilayers. With micelles, each enzyme responded differently to substrate acyl chain unsaturation and double bond position, probably reflecting differences in the accommodative properties of their substrate binding sites. Experiments with saturated acyl positional isomers indicated that the length of the sn2 chain was more critical than that of the sn1 chain, suggesting tighter association of the former with the enzyme. Only the first 9-10 carbons of the sn2 acyl chain seem to interact intimately with the active site. Strikingly, no discrimination between positional isomers was observed with vesicles, and the rate of hydrolysis decreased far more with increasing chain length than with micelles, suggesting that translocation of the phospholipid substrate to the active site is rate-limiting with bilayers. Supporting this conclusion, acyl chain structure affected hydrolysis and spontaneous intervesicle transfer, which correlates with lipid efflux propensity, analogously. We conclude that substrate efflux propensity plays a more important role in the specificity of secretory PLA(2)s than commonly thought and could also be a key attribute in phospholipid homeostasis in which (unknown) PLA(2)s are key players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perttu Haimi
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, PL 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Hermansson
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, PL 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krishna Chaithanya Batchu
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, PL 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma A. Virtanen
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, PL 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pentti Somerharju
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, PL 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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43
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High-throughput shotgun lipidomics by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:2664-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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44
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Graeve M, Janssen D. Improved separation and quantification of neutral and polar lipid classes by HPLC-ELSD using a monolithic silica phase: application to exceptional marine lipids. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:1815-9. [PMID: 19493709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An improved HPLC method is presented, which allows separation and quantification of a broad range of lipid classes of marine zooplankton with special regard to neutral lipids. Marine zooplankton species often produce high amounts of exceptional lipids, especially at high latitudes, in order to cope with the harsh environmental conditions and strong seasonality in food supply. Major neutral lipid classes are wax esters, triacylglycerols, diacylglycerol ethers, free fatty alcohols and sterols. Neutral and polar lipids were separated and identified on a monolithic silica column (Chromolith Performance-Si) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). The method resolves a broad spectrum of lipids, varying in polarity from squalene to lysophosphatidylcholine in a single run. The total run time was 35 min including column re-equilibration. The calibration was made at levels of 0.1-60 microg lipid/injection, but a 10-15-fold greater amount can be injected if single lipid classes need to be separated, e.g. for further determination of individual fatty acids. The method was applied to representative Arctic zooplankton species (copepods, pteropods, euphausiids and ctenophores) that are known to biosynthesize in particular neutral lipids like diacylglycerol ethers and free fatty alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Graeve
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Ecological Chemistry, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
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45
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Mojsiewicz-Pieńkowska K. On the Issue of Characteristic Evaporative Light Scattering Detector Response. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/15389580802570218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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46
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Birch AM, Birtles S, Buckett LK, Kemmitt PD, Smith GJ, Smith TJD, Turnbull AV, Wang SJY. Discovery of a potent, selective, and orally efficacious pyrimidinooxazinyl bicyclooctaneacetic acid diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 inhibitor. J Med Chem 2009; 52:1558-68. [PMID: 19256504 DOI: 10.1021/jm801507v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of DGAT-1 is increasingly seen as an attractive mechanism with the potential for treatment of obesity and other elements of the metabolic syndrome. We report here a bicyclooctaneacetic acid derivative in the pyrimidinooxazine structural class of DGAT-1 inhibitors that has good potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic characteristics across a variety of species. This compound is an effective inhibitor of DGAT-1 in both intestinal and adipose tissue, which results in a reduction in body weight or body weight gain following oral administration in both mouse and rat models of dietary-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Birch
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom.
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47
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Al-Sayed Mahmoud K, Linder M, Fanni J, Parmentier M. Characterisation of the lipid fractions obtained by proteolytic and chemical extractions from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) roe. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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48
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Chua SC, Tan CP, Lai OM, Long K, Mirhosseini H, Baharin BS. Effect of absorbent in solid-phase extraction on quantification of phospholipids in palm-pressed fiber. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200700179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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Mojsiewicz-Pieńkowska K. Size-exclusion chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection: Method for determination of polydimethylsiloxanes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 865:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Kainu V, Hermansson M, Somerharju P. Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Exogenous Heavy Isotope-labeled Lipid Species Provide Detailed Information on Aminophospholipid Acyl Chain Remodeling. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:3676-3687. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m709176200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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