1
|
Isolation and Analysis of Carotenoids in Hungary from Zechmeister until Today. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
László Zechmeister, one of the most important pioneers of carotenoid chemistry, died 50 years ago. He founded a carotenoid research group in Pécs (Hungary), which is the only place in the world where carotenoid research has been conducted continuously over the past 95 years. This review presents the life of Zechmeister and gives a summary about the evolution of the methods of analysis, isolation, and structure elucidation of carotenoids from the 1930s until today, based on the results of the research group founded by Zechmeister.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kong L, Wang J, Gao Q, Li X, Zhang W, Wang P, Ma L, He L. Simultaneous determination of fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoids in human serum using a nanostructured ionic liquid based microextraction method. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1666:462861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
3
|
Koscielniak A, Serafin M, Duda M, Oles T, Zadlo A, Broniec A, Berdeaux O, Gregoire S, Bretillon L, Sarna T, Pawlak A. Oxidation-Induced Increase In Photoreactivity of Bovine Retinal Lipid Extract. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 75:443-454. [PMID: 29098642 PMCID: PMC5691103 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-017-0832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian retina contains a high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) (DHA), which are highly susceptible to oxidation. It has been shown that one of the products of DHA oxidation-carboxyethylpyrrole (CEP), generated in situ, causes modifications of retinal proteins and induces inflammation response in the outer retina. These contributing factors may play a role in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It is also possible that some of the lipid oxidation products are photoreactive, and upon irradiation with blue light may generate reactive oxygen species. Therefore, in this work we analysed oxidation-induced changes in photoreactivity of lipids extracted from bovine neural retinas. Lipid composition of bovine neural retinas closely resembles that of human retinas making the bovine tissue a convenient model for studying the photoreactivity and potential phototoxicity of oxidized human retinal lipids. Lipid composition of bovine neural retinas Folch' extracts (BRex) was determined by gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography coupled to an electrospray ionization source-mass spectrometer (LC-ESI-MS) analysis. Liposomes prepared from BRex, equilibrated with air, were oxidized in the dark at 37 °C for up to 400 h. The photoreactivity of BRex at different stages of oxidation was studied by EPR-oximetry and EPR-spin trapping. Photogeneration of singlet oxygen (1O2, 1Δg) by BRex was measured using time-resolved detection of the characteristic phosphorescence at 1270 nm. To establish contribution of lipid components to the analysed photoreactivity of Folch' extract of bovine retinas, a mixture of selected synthetic lipids in percent by weight (w/w %) ratio resembling that of the BRex has been also studied. Folch's extraction of bovine neural retinas was very susceptible to oxidation despite the presence of powerful endogenous antioxidants such as α-tocopherol and zeaxanthin. Non-oxidized and oxidized BRex photogenerated singlet oxygen with moderate quantum yield. Blue-light induced generation of superoxide anion by Folch' extract of bovine neural retinas strongly depended on the oxidation time. The observed photoreactivity of the studied extract gradually increased during its in vitro oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Koscielniak
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Serafin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Duda
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Oles
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Zadlo
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Broniec
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - O Berdeaux
- INRA, Centre des Sciences du Gout et de l'Alimentation, Universite de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - S Gregoire
- INRA, Centre des Sciences du Gout et de l'Alimentation, Universite de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - L Bretillon
- INRA, Centre des Sciences du Gout et de l'Alimentation, Universite de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - T Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Pawlak
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Identification of carotenoids in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and the effects of cooking methods on carotenoid content. J Cereal Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
5
|
Xu CZ, Wang HF, Yang JY, Wang JH, Duan ZY, Wang C, Liu JX, Lao Y. Effects of feeding lutein on production performance, antioxidative status, and milk quality of high-yielding dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:7144-50. [PMID: 25173469 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine the influences of supplementing different levels of an additive containing lutein in the diet of Chinese Holstein lactating cows on production performance, antioxidative plasma metabolites, and milk quality. This study was performed on 60 multiparous Holstein dairy cows in peak lactation. The cows were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 homogeneous treatments, with lutein preparation (extracted from marigolds; effective lutein content was 2%) added at levels of 0, 100, 150, and 200 g/d per head, with the actual available amounts being 0, 2, 3, and 4 g of lutein/d per head, respectively. The experiment lasted for 13 wk, with the first week for adaptation. Milk yield and milk compositions were recorded weekly, and milk concentrations of lutein, dry matter intake, and antioxidative blood index were analyzed in the first, fourth, seventh, and thirteenth week of the study. The results showed that adding lutein in the diet had no effect on dry matter intake compared with the control group; however, it slowed down the trend of decline in milk yield, and had a linear incremental effect on milk yield with increasing concentration of lutein. Dietary lutein tended to quadratically increase the percentage of milk fat, and linearly increased milk lactose concentration, with the highest value when treated at 200 g of lutein preparation/d per head, and decreased somatic cell count, with the lowest values when treated with 150 and 200 g of lutein preparation/d per head. The concentration of lutein in milk linearly increased with the incorporation of the additive, with a value of 0.59, 0.70, 1.20, and 1.50 μg/100mL when treated with 0, 100, 150, and 200 g/d, respectively. Total plasma antioxidant capacity tended to linearly increase in cows fed lutein preparation, whereas plasma superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities did not differ significantly. In conclusion, addition of lutein in the diet could improve the production performance and health status of dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Z Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, P. R. China
| | - H F Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, P. R. China
| | - J Y Yang
- Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, P. R. China; Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - J H Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, P. R. China
| | - Z Y Duan
- Kemin Industries (Zhuhai) Co. Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, P. R. China
| | - C Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, P. R. China.
| | - J X Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, P. R. China.
| | - Y Lao
- Kemin Industries (Zhuhai) Co. Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li DJ, Song JF, Liu CQ. Stereoisomers Identification and Storage Stability of Microencapsulated Marigold Lutein. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2013.828748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
7
|
Vachali PP, Besch BM, Gonzalez-Fernandez F, Bernstein PS. Carotenoids as possible interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) ligands: a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based study. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 539:181-6. [PMID: 23876239 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Uptake, transport and stabilization of xanthophylls in the human retina are important components of a complex multistep process that culminates in a non-uniform distribution of these important nutrients in the retina. The process is far from understood; here, we consider the potential role of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) in this process. IRBP is thought to facilitate the exchange of 11-cis-retinal, 11-cis-retinol and all-trans-retinol between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), photoreceptors and Müller cells in the visual cycle. Structural and biochemical studies suggest that IRBP has a variety of nonequivalent ligand binding sites that function in this process. IRBP is multifunctional, being able to bind a variety of physiologically significant molecules including fatty acids in the subretinal space. This wide range of binding activities is of particular interest because it is unknown whether the lutein and zeaxanthin found in the macula originate from the choroidal or retinal circulations. If from the choroidal circulation, then IRBP is a likely mediator for their transport across the interphotoreceptor matrix. In this report, we explore the binding interactions of retinoids, fatty acids, and carotenoids with IRBP using surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensors. IRBP showed similar affinity toward retinoids and carotenoids (1-2 μM), while fatty acids had approximately 10 times less affinity. These results suggest that further studies should be carried out to evaluate whether IRBP has a physiologically relevant role in binding lutein and zeaxanthin in the interphotoreceptor matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preejith P Vachali
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li XX, Han LJ, Xiao WH. Effect of Cu 2+on the Stability of Xanthophylls in Acetone. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2010.491930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
9
|
Montesano D, Gennari O, Seccia S, Albrizio S. A Simple and Selective Analytical Procedure for the Extraction and Quantification of Lutein from Tomato By-Products by HPLC–DAD. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
10
|
Study of Xanthophyll Concentration in Spinach Leaves by Means of HPLC Coupled with UV–VIS and Corona CAD Detectors. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Kühnle M, Friebolin V, Albert K, Rimmer CA, Lippa KA, Sander LC. Architecture and Dynamics of C18 Bonded Interphases with Small Molecule Spacers. Anal Chem 2009; 81:10136-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901911w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Louda JW, Neto RR, Magalhaes ARM, Schneider VF. Pigment alterations in the brown mussel Perna perna. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 150:385-94. [PMID: 18567520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Potential sex and/or gametogenic stage differences in the metabolism of chlorophyll-a and carotenoids in the brown mussel Perna perna of southern Brazil were studied using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Carotenoids derived directly from diet (phytoplankton) were fucoxanthin plus diatoxanthin (diatoms), alloxanthin (cryptophytes) and zeaxanthin (mainly cyanobacteria). Females accumulated carotenoid-diols and epoxides (~3-4 mg/g-dry wt.) while males had much lower concentrations (~0.7 mg/g-dry wt.). An antioxidant/free radical scavenging role is proposed for carotenoids in females. Mean ratios of chlorophyll plus derivatives (Chlns-a) to carotenoids for male and female P. perna were 50:1 and 4:1, respectively. The higher ratio in males relates to both higher carotenoid contents in females plus higher total Chlns-a in males (~22 mg/g-dry wt.), relative to the females (~4 mg/g-dry wt.). Chlorophyll-a metabolism in both sexes followed two distinct pathways. First, cyclization of pyropheophorbide-a gave 13(2), 17(3)-cyclopheophorbide-a-enol (CPPaE) which was further oxidized to hydroxy-chlorophyllone. Second, chlorophyll-a derivatives retaining the 13(2)-carbomethoxy moiety were oxidized to purpurin-18 which was hydrolyzed to chlorin-p(6). In both cases, metabolism of dietary chlorophyll-a was oxidative and derivatives could either serve as antioxidants or merely be the results of non-specific digestive processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Louda
- Organic Geochemistry Group, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dugo P, Herrero M, Kumm T, Giuffrida D, Dugo G, Mondello L. Comprehensive normal-phase×reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array and mass spectrometry detection for the analysis of free carotenoids and carotenoid esters from mandarin. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1189:196-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Li XX, Han LJ. Iron(II)-induced isomerization of (all-E)-xanthophyll pigments lutein, zeaxanthin, and β cryptoxanthin in acetone. Eur Food Res Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-008-0878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Calderón F, Chauveau-Duriot B, Pradel P, Martin B, Graulet B, Doreau M, Nozière P. Variations in carotenoids, vitamins A and E, and color in cow's plasma and milk following a shift from hay diet to diets containing increasing levels of carotenoids and vitamin E. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:5651-64. [PMID: 18024757 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine the variations in carotenoid, vitamins A and E concentrations, and color in the plasma and milk of dairy cows following a shift from a hay diet to diets containing increasing levels of carotenoids and vitamin E. This study was performed on 32 multiparous Montbéliarde dairy cows in midlactation. After a 6-wk preexperimental period on a diet based on hay and concentrates, the cows were allocated to 4 homogeneous groups, and thereafter fed for 6 wk on isoenergetic experimental diets where the hay was replaced by an experimental feed rich in carotenoids and vitamin E, consisting in 75% grass silage and 25% alfalfa protein concentrate (PX Agro Super Desialis, Châlons en Champagne, France). The hay-to-experimental feed ratios were 100/0 in group 1, 67/33 in group 2, 33/67 in group 3, and 0/100 in group 4, providing 1.6, 3.6, 5.4, and 7.4 g/d of total carotenoids, respectively. Variations in carotenoid, vitamins A and E concentrations as well as variations in color index (CI) were monitored from d -7 through to d 42 on the experimental diets. Zeaxanthin, lutein, 13-cis-beta-carotene, and all-trans-beta-carotene accounted for an average 3, 10, 9, and 78%, respectively, of total carotenoids in plasma and 0, 17, 12, and 71%, respectively, of total carotenoids in milk. The switch from preexperimental to experimental diets only slightly affected zeaxanthin, lutein, and vitamin A concentrations in plasma and milk. A rapid increase in vitamin E and beta-carotene (BC) was observed during the first week in both plasma and milk. For vitamin E, the time to reach a plateau was from 8 d (group 2) to 28 d (group 4) in plasma, and 5 d (groups 2-4) in milk. Plasma concentrations of BC had stabilized after 28 d in group 2 but were not stabilized after 42 d in groups 3 and 4, whereas milk concentrations of BC plateaued from d 21 in group 2 and d 28 in groups 3 and 4. At the end of the experimental period, BC and vitamin E concentrations in plasma and vitamin E concentrations in milk fat were linearly related to the proportion of experimental feed in the diet. In contrast, BC concentrations in milk fat did not differ between groups 2, 3, and 4, reflecting saturation at high levels of carotenoid intake (i.e., when plasma BC exceeded 5 mug/mL). These results suggested that under high-carotenoid diets, milk secretion of BC is not limited by the amount of plasma BC arriving to the mammary gland but by mechanisms involved in the BC transfer from plasma to milk. These mechanisms will need to be investigated. The BC concentrations were responsible for more than 80% of CI variations in plasma and 56% of CI variations in milk, where there was wide variability among individuals. Plasma CI appeared to be a more promising tool than milk CI as an indicator of the carotene content of the diets ingested by dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Calderón
- INRA, UR1213 Unité de Recherche sur les Herbivores, F-63122 St Genès Champanelle, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li K, Li H, Liu L, Hashi Y, Maeda T, Lin JM. Solid-phase extraction with C30 bonded silica for analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulate matters by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1154:74-80. [PMID: 17459395 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method using triacontyl bonded silica (C30) as sorbent was developed for the determination of 16 US Environmental Protection Agency polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in airborne particulate matters quantitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Optimization experiments were conducted using spiked standard aqueous solution of PAHs and real airborne particulates samples aiming to obtain highest SPE recoveries and extraction efficiency. Factors were studied in SPE procedures including the concentration of organic modifier, flow rate of sample loading and elution solvents. The ultrasonication time and solvents were also investigated. Recoveries were in the range of 68-107% for standard PAHs aqueous solution and 61-116% for real spiked sample. Limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) with standard solution were in the range of 0.0070-0.21 microgL(-1) and 0.022-0.67 microgL(-1), respectively. The optimized method was successfully applied to the determination of 16 PAHs in real airborne particulate matters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abdel-Aal ESM, Young JC, Rabalski I, Hucl P, Fregeau-Reid J. Identification and quantification of seed carotenoids in selected wheat species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:787-94. [PMID: 17263475 DOI: 10.1021/jf062764p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Selected primitive and modern wheat species were evaluated on the basis of their carotenoid composition and effects of the genotype and environment on lutein using spectrometry and liquid chromatography. Carotenoids in the wheat extracts were identified and confirmed on the basis of their UV/vis and mass spectra compared with those of authentic standards. The protonated molecule (M + 1)+ at m/z 569 was the predominant ion for zeaxanthin compared to the fragment ion at m/z 551 for lutein. A similar carotenoid profile was obtained for the wheat species investigated, but significant differences were observed in the concentration of carotenoids. Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) exhibited the highest level of all-trans-lutein, averaging 7.41 microg/g with small amounts of all-trans-zeaxanthin, cis-lutein isomers, and beta-carotene. Durum, Kamut, and Khorasan (Triticum turgidum) had intermediate levels of lutein (5.41-5.77 microg/g), while common bread or pastry wheat (Triticum aestivum) had the lowest content (2.01-2.11 microg/g). Lutein in einkorn appeared to be influenced significantly by environmental growing conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed M Abdel-Aal
- Food Research Program, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G5C9.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kailasam K, Srinivasan G, Müller K. Solvents effects on the conformational order of triacontyl modified silica gels as evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1134:81-7. [PMID: 16965784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Revised: 08/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
C30 alkyl modified silica gels have attracted much attention because of their enhanced shape selectivity for various types of analytes, which for instance cannot be separated with conventional C8 and C18 stationary phases. Since the retention processes strongly depend on the nature of solvents and composition of the stationary phases, a FTIR study was conducted to evaluate the influence of solvents on the conformational order of the alkyl chains in C30 alkyl modified silica gels. Variable temperature IR measurements are carried out between 273 and 353 K in the presence of polar and nonpolar solvents. Information about the conformational behavior of the tethered alkyl chains is derived from the analysis of the symmetric and antisymmetric CH2 stretching band regions. Polar solvents show both enhanced conformational order and disorder of the alkyl chains - irrespective of temperature - when compared to dry C30 alkyl modified silica gels, while nonpolar solvents in general give rise to enhanced conformational disorder in the alkyl chain region. Moreover, for polar solvents a correlation exists between the stretching band position, reflecting alkyl chain conformational order, and the solvent solvatochromic parameter pi*. Finally, both partition and adsorption models are considered to play an important role for the solvent-alkyl chain interactions which in turn determines the conformational order of the alkyl chains and thus the chromatographic properties of these phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamalakannan Kailasam
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Konopka I, Czaplicki S, Rotkiewicz D. Differences in content and composition of free lipids and carotenoids in flour of spring and winter wheat cultivated in Poland. Food Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
20
|
|
21
|
Hao Z, Parker B, Knapp M, Yu L. Simultaneous quantification of α-tocopherol and four major carotenoids in botanical materials by normal phase liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1094:83-90. [PMID: 16257293 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Revised: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 07/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous quantification of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin in botanical materials has been developed using normal phase liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (NP-LC-APCI-MS/MS). A systematic extraction procedure for different botanical materials was described and the extraction solvents were matched with normal-phase LC requirement. Quantification was performed by using the external standards and standard calibration curves were linear between 35 and 8505 ng/mL for alpha-tocopherol, 64-15,552 ng/mL for beta-carotene, 40-9720 ng/mL for beta-cryptoxanthin, 70-17,010 ng/mL for lutein and 64-15,552 ng/mL for zeaxanthin with regression coefficient r2 > 0.9996. The limits of quantification (LOQ) were 35, 64, 40, 70 and 66 ng/mL for alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Hao
- Global Analytical Sciences Department, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Milanowska J, Gruszecki WI. Heat-induced and light-induced isomerization of the xanthophyll pigment zeaxanthin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2005; 80:178-86. [PMID: 15967674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2005.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2005] [Revised: 05/02/2005] [Accepted: 05/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zeaxanthin is a xanthophyll pigment that plays important physiological functions both in the plant and in the animal kingdom. All-trans is a stereochemical conformation of zeaxanthin reported as specific for the thylakoid membranes of the photosynthetic apparatus and the retina of an eye. On the other hand, the pigment is subjected, in natural environment, to the conditions that promote stereochemical isomerization, such as illumination and elevated temperature. In the present work, the light-induced and heat-induced (the temperature range 35-95 degrees C) isomerization of all-trans zeaxanthin in organic solvent environment has been analyzed by means of the HPLC technique. The 13-cis conformation has been identified as a major one among the isomerization products. The activation energy of the all-trans to 13-cis isomerization has been determined as 83 +/- 4 kJ/mol and the activation energy of the back reaction as 30 +/- 7 kJ/mol. The reaction of isomerization of the all-trans zeaxanthin at 25 degrees C was substantially more efficient upon illumination. Four different wavelengths of light have been selected for photo-isomerization experiments: 450, 540, 580 and 670 nm, corresponding to the electronic transitions of zeaxanthin from the ground state to the singlet excited states: 1(1)Bu+,3(1)Ag-,1(1)Bu- and 2(1)Ag-, respectively. The quantum efficiency of the all-trans zeaxanthin isomerization induced by light at different wavelengths: 450, 540, 580 and 670 nm was found to differ considerably and was in the ratio as 1:15:160:29. The sequence of the quantum efficiency values suggests that the carotenoid triplet state 1(3)Bu, populated via the internal conversion from the 1(3)Ag triplet state which is generated by the intersystem crossing from the 1(1)Bu- state may be involved in the light-induced isomerization. A physiological importance of the isomerization of zeaxanthin in the retina of an eye, photosynthetic apparatus and of the pigment active as a blue light photoreceptor in stomata is briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Milanowska
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Lutein is a human serum carotenoid which is not synthesized by humans and thus must be obtained by the ingestion of food containing it such as fruits and vegetables. Lutein is present in different forms in those foods as all-trans-lutein, cis-lutein, epoxi-lutein, and lutein linked to proteins. It discusses if the intake of lutein or diets supplemented with lutein or diets rich in fruits and vegetables are important in the prevention of diseases like some cancers, cardiovascular diseases, etc., that may be affected by the antioxidant effect of lutein; or in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration and other eye diseases. The concentration of lutein in fruits and vegetables depends on the species. We've included the concentration of lutein in 74 species reported by different authors since 1990. Currently the quantification of lutein is mainly performed by HPLC, but more investigations into a quantification method for lutein, lutein isomers, and epoxi-lutein are necessary. Improvement of lutein extraction methods is important as well. Methods commonly used in the vegetable and fruit industry like heat treatment, storage conditions, etc. can change lutein concentrations; other factors depend on the plant, for instance the variety, the stage of maturity, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta María Calvo
- Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Occurrence of carotenoid cis-isomers in food: Technological, analytical, and nutritional implications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2005.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
25
|
Abstract
Lutein (3,3'-dihydroxy-alpha-carotene) has been identified as a dietary factor that can delay the onset of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, available food sources of lutein contain only modest amounts of the carotenoid. Food fortification with lutein extract has been identified as a low-budget approach to prevent the onset or progression of AMD. The objectives of this study were to 1) incorporate various amounts of lutein into Cheddar cheese; 2) examine the color, pH, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of the Cheddar cheese during storage; and 3) analyze the stability of lutein during the cheese maturation process. Lutein extracted from corn was added to Cheddar cheese in quantities of 1, 3, and 6 mg per serving size. Measurements of the lutein stability were carried out by HPLC using a YMC C30 carotenoid column. Microbiological analyses of cheese samples included aerobic plate count, coliform, and yeast/mold counts. The color attributes a* and b* were significantly different between the treatment and control groups; however, no significant difference was observed in L* value and pH. Significant differences among 1, 3, and 6 mg lutein-enriched cheeses were observed in the aerobic plate count and yeast/mold compared with the control. Cheese samples contained no detectable levels of coliforms (< 10 cfu/g). The HPLC data showed quantitative recovery of lutein during the storage period, and no lutein degradation products were identified. These results indicate that lutein, a functional additive with purported ability to prevent or reduce the onset of AMD, can be incorporated into cheese adding value to this product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S T Jones
- Department of Food Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Szabó Z, Ohmacht R, Huck CW, Stöggl WM, Bonn GK. Influence of the pore structure on the properties of silica based reversed phase packings for LC. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:313-24. [PMID: 15792245 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200401876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the preparation and investigation of new, highly loaded, monomeric, silica based, reversed phase C18 and C30 packings. The influence of pore structure and endcapping on the properties of C18 and C30 packings is described. Using hydrothermal procedures, silicas with predictable pore size (9.3-25.5 nm) and surface area have been prepared. Silylation with long chain silanes substantially alters the pore structure of the silica: pore size and pore volume decrease. A new parameter, the volumetric surface coverage [mm3 x m(-2)] has been introduced. This parameter--calculated from on-column measured porosity data--indicates the pore volume portion occupied by the hydrocarbon chains. Endcapping does not significantly change the pore structure of the bonded phases. The reduced retentions (reduced with respect to unit area: [k/m2])--a good measure for comparing the retention behaviour of packings with different surface areas--are similar for most of the phases, demonstrating good accessibility of the pores for the solutes. Slightly lower retentions were found on the endcapped than on the non-endcapped phases for probes with dense pi-electron system (e.g. polyaromatic hydrocarbons) demonstrating the contribution of silanophilic interactions to the retention. The phases had been successfully used for various demanding separations, e.g. for the separation of flavonoids, carotenoids, resveratrol, and tocopherol isomers, fullerenes, and anions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Szabó
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lu Y, Yao H, Gong Y, Sheng Q. Effects of Enzymatic Treatment of Corn Gluten Meal on Lutein and Zeaxanthin Extraction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/jfp-200048146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
28
|
Kowalska S, Krupczyńska K, Buszewski B. Some remarks on characterization and application of stationary phases for RP-HPLC determination of biologically important compounds. Biomed Chromatogr 2005; 20:4-22. [PMID: 16041787 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active compounds such as vitamins, steroids, nucleosides, peptides and proteins play a very important role in coordinating living organism functions. Determination of those substances is indispensable in pathogenesis. Their complex structure and physico-chemical properties cause many analytical problems. Chromatography is the most common technique used in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. The interaction between analyte and stationary phase plays a major role in the separation process. The structure of the packing has a significant influence on the results of the separation process. Various types of spectroscopic techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectroscopy can be useful tools for the characterization of packings. Surface area measurements, elemental analysis, thermal analysis and microcalorimetric measurements are also helpful in this field. Part of the paper contains a description of chromatographic tests used for the determination of column properties. The description of the possibilities of surface characterization is not complete, but is focused on the most popular techniques and practical chromatographic tests. All the presented methods made possible the design and quality control of a new generation stationary phases, which are the future of high-performance liquid chromatography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Kowalska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecoanalytics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Chemistry, 7 Gagarin St., Pl-87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jewell VC, Mayes CBD, Tubman TRJ, Northrop-Clewes CA, Thurnham DI. A comparison of lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in formula and human milk samples from Northern Ireland mothers. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 58:90-7. [PMID: 14679372 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin are found in the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye where they are believed to protect it against oxidative and light damage. The amounts of these carotenoids consumed by premature infants are not known. OBJECTIVE The objective of the investigation was to measure these carotenoids in human and formulae milks. DESIGN In all, 28 human milk samples were obtained at various times between days 1 and 41 of lactation from 13 mothers. Six formula milks commonly used in hospitals were also analysed. SETTING Mothers who provided the milk samples had infants in the neonatal ward at the Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast. RESULTS Median lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in human milk were 4.79 (range 0.42-9.98) nmol/g fat and 0.55 (0.00-1.70) nmol/g fat, respectively. Five of the six formula milks also contained lutein and zeaxanthin with concentrations that varied over a wide range (0.7-9.7 and 0.1-1.2 nmol/g fat, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Carotenoid concentrations usually decreased with the duration of lactation. Some formula milks that were specially formulated for premature infants contained high concentrations of the lutein and zeaxanthin and the source may be egg yolk. SPONSORSHIP These studies were supported by the University of Ulster and the Northern Ireland Mother and Baby Appeal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V C Jewell
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Milanowska J, Polit A, Wasylewski Z, Gruszecki WI. Interaction of isomeric forms of xanthophyll pigment zeaxanthin with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine studied in monomolecular layers. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2003; 72:1-9. [PMID: 14644560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2003.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two-component monomolecular layers were formed with DPPC and two stereoisomers of zeaxanthin 9-cis and 13-cis at the argon-water interface. Very distinct over-additivity which represents affection of a lipid arrangement in the membrane has been observed in the case of zeaxanthin 9-cis (maximum at 20 mol%) but not in the case of zeaxanthin 13-cis. The differences in the organization of the isomers of zeaxanthin-DPPC monolayers are interpreted in terms of the different orientation of both xanthophylls at the interface observed at relatively high surface pressures (>25 mN/m) comparable to the surface pressures of biomembranes. The results are consistent with the model according to which zeaxanthin 9-cis adopts a vertical orientation at the polar-nonpolar interface in contrast to zeaxanthin 13-cis, which is oriented horizontally owing to the fact that it interacts by two hydroxyl groups with the same hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface in the monolayer. The findings are discussed in comparison with the behavior of zeaxanthin in the conformation all-trans in the same system. Zeaxanthin all-trans forms efficiently molecular aggregates in the mixed monolayers in contrast to cis isomers. Circular dichroism measurements show the formation of molecular structures by zeaxanthin 13-cis that are interpreted as dimers. FTIR measurements show that these dimers are stabilized by van der Waals interactions unlike aggregated structures formed by all-trans zeaxanthin that are stabilized by hydrogen bonding. Physiological importance of the differences in aggregation and orientation of stereoisomers of zeaxanthin in lipid environment is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Milanowska
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wilson ID, Brinkman UAT. Hyphenation and hypernation the practice and prospects of multiple hyphenation. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1000:325-56. [PMID: 12877178 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, combining a chromatographic separation system on-line with a spectroscopic detector in order to obtain structural information on the analytes present in a sample has become the most important approach for the identification and/or confirmation of the identity of target and unknown chemical compounds. In most instances, such hyphenation can be accomplished by using commercially available equipment For most (trace-level) analytical problems encountered today, the combination of column liquid chromatography or capillary gas chromatography with a mass spectrometer (LC-MS and GC-MS, respectively) is the preferred approach. However, it is also true that additional and/or complementary information is, in quite a number of cases, urgently required. This can be provided by, for example, atomic emission, Fourier-transform infrared, diode-array UV-vis absorbance or fluorescence emission, or nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. In the present review, the various options are briefly discussed and a few relevant applications are quoted for each combination. Special attention is devoted to systems in which multiple hyphenation, or hypernation, is an integral part of the setup. As regards this topic, the relative merits of various combinations--which turn out to include a mass spectrometer as one of the detectors in essentially all cases--are discussed and the fundamental differences between GC- and LC-based systems are outlined. Finally, the practicability of more extensive hypernation in LC, viz. with up to four spectrometers, is discussed. It is demonstrated that, technically, such multiple hyphenation is possible and that, from a practical point of view, rewarding results can be obtained. In other words, further research in this area is certainly indicated. However, in the foreseeable future, using several separate conventional hyphenated systems will be the commonly implemented solution in most instances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I D Wilson
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Su Q, Rowley KG, Balazs NDH. Carotenoids: separation methods applicable to biological samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 781:393-418. [PMID: 12450671 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic and clinical studies have shown that a high intake of vegetables and fruit, with consequently high intakes and circulating concentrations of carotenoids, is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. The antioxidant properties of carotenoids are thought to contribute to these effects. The analysis of carotenoids in plasma, foods and tissues has thus become of interest in studies examining the role of diet in chronic disease prevention and management. High-performance liquid chromatography with ultra-violet or photodiode array detection is most often employed in routine use. We review these and other current methods for carotenoid analysis and information on sample stability relevant to epidemiological studies. The carotenoids remain an important and intriguing subject of study, with relevance to prevention of several important "lifestyle-related" diseases. Research into their physiological functions and their use as dietary markers requires sensitive, accurate and precise measurement. Further advances in these methodological areas will contribute to basic, clinical and public health research into the significance of carotenoid compounds in disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Su
- Biochemistry Unit, Southern Cross Pathology Australia, Monash Medical Centre, Locked Bag 29, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dachtler M, Glaser T, Kohler K, Albert K. Combined HPLC-MS and HPLC-NMR on-line coupling for the separation and determination of lutein and zeaxanthin stereoisomers in spinach and in retina. Anal Chem 2001; 73:667-74. [PMID: 11217779 DOI: 10.1021/ac000635g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The determination and unambiguous identification of carotenoid stereoisomers from biological tissues, avoiding isomerization and oxidation due to the extraction process, is still a major challenge. Particularly, the analysis of lutein and zeaxanthin stereoisomers is of great importance, as these are the main constituents of the macula lutea, the central part of the human retina, and act as possible agents in the prevention and treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). By combining a mild and quick extraction technique such as matrix solid-phase dispersion together with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the extremely light and oxygen sensitive lutein and zeaxanthin stereoisomers are extracted, enriched, and separated directly from the solid plant or tissue samples, excluding preparation of artifacts. HPLC separations are performed with C30 phases due to their enhanced shape selectivity compared to C18 phases and on-line coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. By using HPLC-MS with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, the lutein stereoisomers can be distinguished from the zeaxanthin stereoisomers within one chromatographic run in the upper picogram range, whereas HPLC-NMR coupling allows the unequivocal identification of each stereoisomer with a concentration in the upper nanogram range. This article provides an analytical method for the artifact-free determination of lutein and zeaxanthin stereoisomers directly from the solid biological tissue spinach as a source of carotenoids and retina as the sphere of activity for AMD. In addition, the structures of these stereoisomers were unambiguously elucidated by employing hyphenated analytical techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Dachtler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The newest results in the application of various liquid chromatographic techniques for the analysis of natural pigments in pure state and in complicated matrices are compiled. The methods employed for the separation and quantitative determination of the different pigment classes (flavonoids, coumarins, chlorophylls, etc.) are described and critically evaluated. The future trends are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Cserháti
- Central Research Institute for Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pursch M, Vanderhart DL, Sander LC, Gu X, Nguyen T, Wise SA, Gajewski DA. C30 Self-Assembled Monolayers on Silica, Titania, and Zirconia: HPLC Performance, Atomic Force Microscopy, Ellipsometry, and NMR Studies of Molecular Dynamics and Uniformity of Coverage. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja993705d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Pursch
- Contribution from the Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, Polymers Division, Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Building Materials Division, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, and Semiconductor Electronics Division, Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - David L. Vanderhart
- Contribution from the Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, Polymers Division, Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Building Materials Division, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, and Semiconductor Electronics Division, Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Lane C. Sander
- Contribution from the Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, Polymers Division, Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Building Materials Division, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, and Semiconductor Electronics Division, Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Xiaohong Gu
- Contribution from the Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, Polymers Division, Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Building Materials Division, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, and Semiconductor Electronics Division, Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Tinh Nguyen
- Contribution from the Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, Polymers Division, Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Building Materials Division, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, and Semiconductor Electronics Division, Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Stephen A. Wise
- Contribution from the Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, Polymers Division, Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Building Materials Division, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, and Semiconductor Electronics Division, Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Donald A. Gajewski
- Contribution from the Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, Polymers Division, Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Building Materials Division, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, and Semiconductor Electronics Division, Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sander LC, Sharpless KE, Pursch M. C30 stationary phases for the analysis of food by liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2000; 880:189-202. [PMID: 10890520 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of a polymeric C30 liquid chromatographic column by Sander et al. [Anal. Chem., 66 (1994) 1667] designed for the separation of carotenoid isomers, has led to the development of improved analytical methods for these compounds. Subsequent commercial availability of polymerically bonded C30 columns has facilitated these advances, and applications to a wide variety of separation problems with biological samples have been described. This report provides a comprehensive review of applications of polymeric C30 columns, utilized in the determination of carotenoids, retinoids, and other nutrients and related compounds in complex, natural-matrix samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L C Sander
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bachmann S, Hellriegel C, Wegmann J, Händel H, Albert K. Characterization of polyalkylvinyl ether phases by solid-state and suspended-state nuclear magnetic resonance investigations. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2000; 17:39-51. [PMID: 11235027 DOI: 10.1006/snmr.2000.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pure organic polyalkvlvinyl ether phases were synthesized by suspension polymerization using different ratios and compositions of n-butylvinyl ether (C4VE) and n-octadecylvinyl ether (C18VE) with triethylene glycol divinyl ether or divinylbenzene as crosslinkers, respectively. These phases were investigated by means of solid-state 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and 1H high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR MAS) NMR spectroscopy in suspended-state. A comparison of these two methods showed the substantial advantages of 1H HR MAS NMR measurements. Structure elucidation was achieved using a 2D H,H-COSY NMR experiment performed under MAS conditions enabling full peak assignment of the 1H NMR spectra of these phases. The dynamic behavior of the polyalkylvinyl ether phases was determined by employing temperature-dependent measurements of spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) as well as accumulation of a 2D wide line separation NMR spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Bachmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sander LC, Pursch M, Wise SA. Shape Selectivity for Constrained Solutes in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 1999; 71:4821-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9908187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lane C. Sander
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8392
| | - Matthias Pursch
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8392
| | - Stephen A. Wise
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8392
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
A general overview of the experimental set-up for performing analytical-scale and nanoliter-scale liquid chromatography-1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (LC-1H-NMR) experiments is given. The high power of combining LC with 1H-NMR spectroscopy is demonstrated by two examples, where NMR acquisition was performed either in the continuous-flow mode on the analytical scale or in the stopped-flow mode on the nanoliter scale. Current developments employing the on-line coupling of capillary as well as supercritical fluid separation methods with 1H-NMR spectroscopy together with LC-13C-NMR spectroscopy are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Albert
- Universität Tübingen, Institut für Organische Chemie, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Careri M, Elviri L, Mangia A. Liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry of beta-carotene and xanthophylls. Validation of the analytical method. J Chromatogr A 1999; 854:233-44. [PMID: 10497943 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of beta-carotene and the xanthophylls beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin using reversed-phase liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry interfaced with TurboIonspray (LC-TurboISP-MS) is described. Two narrow-bore C18 columns connected in series and an isocratic solvent system containing acetonitrile-methanol (0.1 M ammonium acetate)-dichloromethane at a flow-rate of 300 microl/min (without splitting) were used. Operating in the positive-ion mode over m/z 500-650, the effects on the formation of the molecular ion species or adduct ions and the MS detector response were investigated for carotenoids, varying the orifice plate voltage, the ring voltage and the ISP voltage. Both conventional ISP and TurboISP were performed; using the TurboISP-MS system, ionization efficiency increased with respect to ISP-MS, particularly at the highest temperature (500 degrees C). Good results were particularly obtained for beta-carotene, which was detectable at the low ng level, without the use of solution-phase oxidants. Using LC columns and acquiring in single-ion monitoring mode, detection limits were estimated to be in the 0.1-1 ng range; dynamic range was established between one- and two-orders of magnitude. Better sensitivity under positive-ion than negative-ion conditions was demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Careri
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università di Parma, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sander LC, Pursch M, Märker B, Wise SA. Separation of Carotenoid Isomers by Capillary Electrochromatography with C30 Stationary Phases. Anal Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ac990311w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lane C. Sander
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Matthias Pursch
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Bernd Märker
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Stephen A. Wise
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| |
Collapse
|