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Zenkevich IG, Nikitina DA, Kushakova AS. Processing and Interpretation of Analytical Data with a High Degree of Uncertainty. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822090143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abdel-Kader DA, Hashem EY. Spectrophotometric determination of Metronidazole antibacterial drug via oxidation with alkaline potassium permanganate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 259:119858. [PMID: 33975173 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Highly simple, sensitive and selective method is developed for the spectrophotometric determination of Metronidazole (MDZ) antibacterial drug either in pure form or in pharmaceutical formulations. This method is based on reduction of potassium permanganate by Metronidazole drug in sodium hydroxide solution to give green manganate ion which recorded at 610 nm. The method produced linear responses in the concentration range 4.28 - 59.91 µg mL-1 with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.21 and 0.69 µg mL-1 for Metronidazole drug respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity is 0.865 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1, Sandell sensitivity is 0.019 µg cm-2 and correlation coefficient is 0.951. The method is highly reproducible and has been applied to a wide variety of pharmaceutical formulations and the results compare favourably with those of official methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa A Abdel-Kader
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Elham Y Hashem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
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Lotfy HM, Obaydo RH, Sakur AA. Evaluation of assay and in-vitro dissolution profile of certain fixed-dose combination using green analytical method. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2020; 79:3-15. [PMID: 32777297 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The pharmaceutical industry and the National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) are now focusing on the dissolution of multi-component drugs for quality control testing and predicting in vivo results to further consolidation of the biowaiver concept. The mixed formulation of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) and Metronidazole (MET) have been used as a model for simultaneous determination and obtaining in vitro dissolution profiles by using green analysis method namely (UV-CWT(Db4, a=490)). MATERIAL AND METHODS The proposed method (UV-CWT(Db4, a=490)) includes UV detection combined with Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) with Daubechies family and the order of fourth at the scaling factor (a=490) has been used and validated for analyzing and obtaining the dissolution profiles of the fixed-dose combination (CIP-MET). RESULTS The proposed method (UV-CWT(Db4, a=490)) has been validated effectively in accordance with ICH rules, regarding linearity, specificity, rigor, and preciseness of the working range (3.0-16.0μg/mL) for both (CIP) and (MET), respectively. As well as figures of merit were concluded. The dissolution profiles of CIP-MET tablets were acquired by the proposed (UV-CWT (Db4, a=490)) and HPLC reported methods were conveniently compared using the indicators f1 and f2 ("difference" and "similarity") the results ensured that there were no statistically differences between the methods. In addition, the green assessment tool, namely analytical eco-scale, evaluated and compared the greenness of the suggested method (UV-CWT(Db4, a=490)) and HPLC reported one. CONCLUSION The suggested process (UV-CWT(Db4, a=490)) was considered as an excellent green, rapid, accurate, economical and minimum-steps method for simultaneously resolve and construct the dissolution curves of a fixed-dose combination drug (CIP-MET) in a short time and without the use of organic solvents, enabling significant labor and resource savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Lotfy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R H Obaydo
- Department of Analytical and food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy/University of Aleppo, Syria.
| | - A A Sakur
- Department of Analytical and food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy/University of Aleppo, Syria
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Karthik R, Mutharani B, Chen SM, Vinoth Kumar J, Abinaya M, Chen TW, Lei W, Hao Q. Synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance of nanostructured dysprosium molybdate catalyst for selective biomolecule detection in biological and pharmaceutical samples. J Mater Chem B 2020; 7:5065-5077. [PMID: 31432868 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01020c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The current study reports a new, simple and fast method using a flake-like dysprosium molybdate (Dy2MoO6; FL-DyM) nanostructured material to detect the antibiotic drug metronidazole (METZ). This nanocomposite material was employed on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to develop the electrode (FL-DyM/GCE). Further, the synthesized FL-DyM was systematically characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDS), elemental mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses. Cyclic (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques were used to study the electrochemical properties. The FL-DyM/GCE-based sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity and sensitivity for the detection of the drug METZ, which could be attributed to the strong affinity of FL-DyM towards the -NO2 group in METZ, and the good electrocatalytic activity and conductivity of FL-DyM. The fabrication and optimization of the working electrode were accomplished with CV and DPV obtained by scan rate and pH studies. Compared to the bare GCE and other rare-earth metal molybdates, the FL-DyM/GCE sensor displayed a superior electrocatalytic activity response for METZ detection. The sensor demonstrated a good linear relationship over the concentration range of 0.01-2363 μM. The quantification and detection limits were found to be 0.010 μM and 0.0030 μM, respectively. The FL-DyM/GCE sensor displayed excellent selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and stability for the detection of METZ in human urine and commercial METZ tablet samples, which validates the new technique for efficient drug sensing in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Karthik
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Bhuvanenthiran Mutharani
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Jeyaraj Vinoth Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Nanomaterials Laboratory, IRC, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu 626 126, India
| | | | - Tse-Wei Chen
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Wu Lei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Qingli Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094, P. R. China.
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Dorn C, Kratzer A, Schießer S, Kees F, Wrigge H, Simon P. Determination of total or free cefazolin and metronidazole in human plasma or interstitial fluid by HPLC-UV for pharmacokinetic studies in man. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1118-1119:51-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Vanol PG, Sanyal M, Shah PA, Shrivastav PS. Quantification of metronidazole in human plasma using a highly sensitive and rugged LC-MS/MS method for a bioequivalence study. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4242. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mallika Sanyal
- Chemistry Department; St Xavier's College; Ahmedabad India
| | - Priyanka A. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences; Gujarat University; Ahmedabad India
| | - Pranav S. Shrivastav
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences; Gujarat University; Ahmedabad India
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Vanol PG, Sanyal M, Shah PA, Shrivastav PS. Quantification of metronidazole in healthy subjects' feces using an LC-MS/MS method. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4265. [PMID: 29679499 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A highly selective and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) method was developed for the quantification of metronidazole (MTZ) in human feces. The analyte was recovered from feces after liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and separated on Waters Symmetry® C18 (100 × 4.6 mm, 5μm) column using 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile (40:60, v/v) as the mobile phase. A stable-deuterated internal standard metronidazole-d4 (MTZ-d4) was used in the study. Mass analysis was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in the positive electrospray ionization mode. A linear response function of MTZ was established in the concentration range of 0.50-250 ng/g, based on dry mass. The mean extraction recovery of MTZ (97.28%) and MTZ-d4 (96.76%) from spiked feces samples was consistent at higher as well as lower concentrations. Post-column infusion analysis showed no ion-suppression/enhancement effects and the mean IS-normalized matrix factor ranged from 0.986 to 1.013. Spiked feces samples stored at -20 and - 70°C for long-term stability were stable for at least 3 months, while extracted samples (dry and wet extracts) were stable up to 24 h. The method was applied to determine MTZ in feces of 12 healthy Indian subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin G Vanol
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Mallika Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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Hatamie A, Marahel F, Sharifat A. Green synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet (g-C3N4) and using it as a label-free fluorosensor for detection of metronidazole via quenching of the fluorescence. Talanta 2018; 176:518-525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Development and validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay for the measurement of faecal metronidazole. Clin Biochem 2016; 50:323-330. [PMID: 27932283 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metronidazole is an oral antibiotic which is widely used in the treatment of patients with Clostridium difficile associated disease. METHODS This article describes the validation of a LC-MS/MS assay for the measurement of metronidazole in human faecal samples. RESULTS Matrix matched and aqueous standards showed no significant difference in performance for the routine calibration of the assay. D4 deuterated metronidazole internal standard eluted with a different retention time to the undeuterated metronidazole on chromatography, hence zidovudine was used as an internal standard. Ion suppression was noted for both metronidazole and zidovudine due to unidentified compounds present in the faecal matrix and this was improved by extracting a smaller quantity of faeces and diluting the extract prior to analysis. Measurement uncertainty was 13% at 28,400ng/ml, 7.2% at 3300ng/ml, 3.9% at 320ng/ml, 13.6% at 109ng/ml and 30.9% at 20ng/ml. The assay was shown to be linear on dilution and the sensitivity of the assay was superior to HPLC assays using UV detection. The limit of detection was 5ng/ml, the limit of quantitation was 66ng/ml and the upper limit of the working range was 30,000ng/ml. Patient samples were stable at -20°C for 12months and extracted faecal samples were stable on storage for 1week at 4°C. There were no specific requirements for patient preparation or time of sample collection relative to taking metronidazole. CONCLUSIONS Metronidazole can be quantified in faecal samples using LC-MS/MS which opens up opportunities for further research in this area.
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Boron doped diamond sensor for sensitive determination of metronidazole: Mechanistic and analytical study by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 59:604-610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hernández-Mesa M, Airado-Rodríguez D, García-Campaña AM, Cruces-Blanco C. Development of an ultrasensitive stacking technique for 5-nitroimidazole determination in untreated biological fluids by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2538-41. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maykel Hernández-Mesa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Diego Airado-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Ana M. García-Campaña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Carmen Cruces-Blanco
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada; Granada Spain
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Ilomuanya M, Uboh C, Ciallella J, Li X, Liu Y, Ifudu N, Azubuike C, Igwilo C. Analysis of metronidazole in equine plasma using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:753-763. [PMID: 26406490 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Treatment of racehorses with bicarbonate solutions to manage acidosis and muscle cramps prior to competition is banned in Pennsylvania (PA). Use of excess bicarbonate in horses causes diarrhea, requiring treatment with an antibiotic such as metronidazole (MTNZ). At present no method exists for detecting MTNZ in equine plasma. Thus, a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the detection, quantification and confirmation of MTNZ was developed. METHODS The analyte was recovered from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using methyl tert-butyl ether and separated on an ACE® C18 column with its guard column. The mobile phase comprised a mixture of 5 mM ammonium formate (pH 3.5) and acetonitrile (60:40; v/v). Mass analysis was performed on an LTQ XL linear ion trap mass spectrometer in positive electrospray ionization mode while accurate mass determination was also performed in positive electrospray ionization mode using high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (HRAMS). RESULTS The limit of detection (LOD), limit of confirmation (LOC) and lower limit of quantification (LLOD) were 1, 2 and 50 ng/mL, respectively. The analyte in plasma was stable at -20 and -70°C for 28 days, as well as for 24 h at 20°C in the autosampler. The percentage coefficients of variation (% CV) for the intra-day and inter-day precision for the LLOQ were 5.1:3.68 and 13.21:9.95, respectively, while the intra-day accuracy was from 98.71 to 101.57% and that of the inter-day was from 88.64 to 96.6%. The matrix effect was between 9 and 24%. The precursor → product ion transition m/z 172 → 128, a retention time of 2.92 min and the accurate mass of the [M+H](+) ion of the analyte (m/z 172.0173) were used as criteria for confirmation of the presence of MTNZ in equine plasma. CONCLUSIONS The method is highly sensitive and selective for the detection, identification and confirmation of MTNZ in equine plasma. Thus, illegal use of MTNZ in racehorses can be routinely monitored within the US State of Pennsylvania. The method is fast, sensitive, reproducible, and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Ilomuanya
- University of Lagos, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Lagos, 000, Nigeria
| | - Cornelius Uboh
- PA Equine Toxicology & Research Center, 220 E. Rosedale Avenue, West Chester, PA, 19382, USA
| | - John Ciallella
- Melloir Discovery, 860 Spring Road, Exton, PA, 19341, USA
| | - Xiaoging Li
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control No. 2, Tiantanxili, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Ndu Ifudu
- University of Lagos, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Lagos, 000, Nigeria
| | - Chukwuemeka Azubuike
- University of Lagos, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Lagos, 000, Nigeria
| | - Cecilia Igwilo
- University of Lagos, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Lagos, 000, Nigeria
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Mollamahale YB, Ghorbani M, Ghalkhani M, Vossoughi M, Dolati A. Highly sensitive 3D gold nanotube ensembles: Application to electrochemical determination of metronidazole. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sun H, Wang H, Ge X. Simultaneous determination of the combined drugs of ceftriaxone sodium, metronidazole, and levofloxacin in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Clin Lab Anal 2013; 26:486-92. [PMID: 23143633 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop a new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of the combined drugs (ceftriaxone sodium, metronidazole, and levofloxacin) in human urine. METHODS Ceftriaxone sodium, metronidazole, and levofloxacin were separated on a Kromasil 100-5 C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, AKZO NOBEL, Bohus, Sweden) analytical column, using the mobile phase consisted of 1.5 mM KH(2) PO(4) (pH 4.5) with 0.0125% triethylamine-methnol (70:30, v/v). Ceftriaxone sodium, metronidazole, and levofloxacin were detected by a photodiode-array detector at 247, 320, 292 nm, respectively. RESULTS Under optimal conditions, the effective separation of ceftriaxone sodium, metronidazole, and levofloxacin was achieved. A good linearity with the correlation coefficients more than 0.999 was demonstrated. The detection limits of ceftriaxone sodium, metronidazole, and levofloxacin were 0.05, 0.01, and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively, and the average recoveries in human urine were in the range from 97.73 to 100.7% with the average relative standard deviation (RSD) in the range of 2.5% and 3.0%. CONCLUSION The proposed method was sensitive, accurate, and rapid. This work may provide a reference for clinical rational drug use and methodology for the pharmacokinetics study of the combined drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding, P.R. China.
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Gu Y, Liu W, Chen R, Zhang L, Zhang Z. β-Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles/Poly(L-cysteine) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Sensitive Determination of Metronidazole. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Emami J, Rezazadeh M. Rapid, sensitive, and validated HPLC method for analysis of metronidazole and tinidazole under identical chromatographic conditions with UV detection and liquid-liquid extraction: application in bioequivalence studies. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.25.2013.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Salem AA, Mossa HA. Method validation and determinations of levofloxacin, metronidazole and sulfamethoxazole in an aqueous pharmaceutical, urine and blood plasma samples using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Talanta 2011; 88:104-14. [PMID: 22265475 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Selective, rapid and accurate quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance (qHNMR) method for the determination of levofloxacin, metronidazole benzoate and sulfamethoxazole in aqueous solutions was developed and validated. The method was successfully applied to the determinations of the drugs and their admixtures in pharmaceutical, urine and plasma samples. Maleic acid and sodium malate were used as internal standards. Effect of temperature on spectral measurements was evaluated. Linear dynamic ranges of 0.50-68.00, 0.13-11.30 and 0.24-21.00 mg per 0.60 mL solution were obtained for levofloxacin, metronidazole benzoate and sulfamethoxazole, respectively. Average recovery % in the range of 96.00-104.20 ± (0.17-2.91) was obtained for drugs in pure, pharmaceutical, plasma and urine samples. Inter and intra-day analyses gave average recoveries % in the ranges 96.10-98.40 ± (1.68-2.81) and 96.00-104.20 ± (0.17-2.91), respectively. Instrumental detection limits ≤0.03 mg per 0.6 mL were obtained for the three drugs. Developed method has demonstrated high performance characteristics for analyzing investigated drugs and their admixtures. Student t-test at 95% confidence level revealed insignificant bias between the real and measured contents of investigated drugs in pure, pharmaceutical, urine and plasma samples and its admixtures. Application of the statistical F-test revealed insignificant differences in precisions between the developed method and arbitrary selected reference methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, P.O. Box 17551, United Arab Emirates.
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Reversed-Phase Ion-Pair HPLC and TLC-Densitometric Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride and Metronidazole in Tablets. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-010-1898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mahrouse MA, Elkady EF. Validated Spectrophotometric Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride and Metronidazole in Tablets. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:1485-93. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehab Farouk Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University
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Obodozie OO, Ebeshi BU, Mustapha KB, Kirim RA, Ekpenyong M, Inyang US. The effects of an investigational antimalarial agent, NIPRD-AM1 on the single dose pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in healthy human volunteers. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2010; 35:103-8. [PMID: 21302036 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-010-0012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of concurrent administration of a novel phytomedicine, NIPRD-AM1 used for the treatment of malaria on the pharmacokinetics of metronidazole was investigated in healthy volunteers. The study was a completely randomized one, crossover involving administration of single dose metronidazole tablets (200 mg×2) concomitantly with NIPRD-AM1 capsules (250 mg×2) to 11 healthy volunteers. Blood samples were collected before and at pre-determined time intervals following administration of the drugs. Serum concentrations of the unchanged metronidazole were analyzed using a modified simple and sensitive reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The method showed good precision for metronidazole with coefficient of variation less than 10%. The Pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC, Cmax, and Tmax) were generated using GraphPad Prism software version 2. The derived pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC, Cmax) following the administration of metronidazole alone and co-administration with NIPRD-AM1 were 76.12 μg/ml per hour, 7.94 μg/ml and 73.52 μg/ml per hour, 7.83 μg/ml, respectively. This differences were not statistically significant (P<0.05) and the relative bioavailability was found to be about 96%. The comparable relative bioavailabilty value obtained shows that there is little or no interaction between NIPRD-AM1 and metronidazole. The findings, therefore, showed that metronidazole can be administered with the phytomedicine NIPRD-AM1 without any significant effect on the pharmacokinetic profiles of metronidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obiageri O Obodozie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Quality Control, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Idu Industrial Area, P.M.B. 21, Abuja, Nigeria.
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Development and validation of a dried blood spot–HPLC assay for the determination of metronidazole in neonatal whole blood samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:687-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Cox S, Allender MC, Yarbrough J. DETERMINATION OF METRONIDAZOLE IN ADULT ARTEMIA USING HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070903430381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Cox
- a Departments of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , TN
| | - Matthew C. Allender
- b Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine , Knoxville , TN
| | - Jason Yarbrough
- a Departments of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , TN
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23
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Salimi A, Izadi M, Hallaj R, Rashidi M. Simultaneous Determination of Ranitidine and Metronidazole at Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200703911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Storms ML, Stewart JT. DEVELOPMENT OF A REVERSED-PHASE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF AMOXICILLIN, METRONIDAZOLE, AND PANTOPRAZOLE IN HUMAN PLASMA USING SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120014265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith L. Storms
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia , Athens , GA 30602-2352 , USA
| | - James T. Stewart
- b Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia , Athens , GA 30602-2352 , USA
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Tavakoli N, Varshosaz J, Dorkoosh F, Zargarzadeh MR. Development and validation of a simple HPLC method for simultaneous in vitro determination of amoxicillin and metronidazole at single wavelength. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 43:325-9. [PMID: 16859857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Revised: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, sensitive and robust reversed phase-HPLC method was developed and validated to measure simultaneously the amount of amoxicillin and metronidazole at single wavelength (254 nm) in order to assess drug release profiles and drug-excipients compatibility studies for a new floating-sustained release tablet formulation and its subsequent stability studies. An isocratic elution of filtered sample was performed on C18 column with buffered mobile phase (pH 4.0) and UV detection at 254 nm. Quantification was achieved with reference to the external standards. The linearity for concentrations between 0.15 and 600 microg/ml for amoxicillin and 0.13 and 300 microg/ml for metronidazole were established. Intra and inter-day precision were less than 2.5%. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification were 0.05 and 0.15 microg/ml for amoxicillin and 0.10 and 0.13 microg/ml for metronidazole. The determination of the two active ingredients was not interfered by the excipients of the products. Samples were stable in the release media (37 degrees C) and the HPLC injector at least for 12 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Tavakoli
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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26
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Salem AA, Mossa HA, Barsoum BN. Application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of miconazole, metronidazole and sulfamethoxazole in pharmaceutical and urine samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:654-61. [PMID: 16458473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2005] [Revised: 12/04/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Specific, accurate and precise NMR methods were developed for determining miconazole, metronidazole and sulfamethoxazole antibiotic drugs in authentic, pharmaceutical and urine samples. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) with maleic acid as an internal standard and DMSO-d6 as NMR solvent were used. 1H NMR signals at 9.0, 8.06, 7.50 and 6.26 ppm corresponding to miconazole, metronidazole, sulfamethoxazole and maleic acid were respectively used for calculating the concentrations of drugs per unit dose. Average percent recoveries of (97.54-101.10), (98.06-100.46) and (97.83-102.83) with average uncertainties of 1.02, 0.45 and 0.86 were respectively obtained for determining authentic samples of miconazole, metronidazole and sulfamethoxazole in the concentration range of 0.92-170 mg/0.6 ml DMSO-d6. In pharmaceutical formulations and urine samples, average percent recoveries in the ranges of 97.50-101.33 and 94.46-100.86 were respectively obtained. Relative standard deviations (R.S.D.)<or=2.68 were obtained for analyzing the three drugs in authentic, pharmaceutical and urine samples. Admixtures of the three drugs in authentic, pharmaceutical and urine samples were analyzed. Good precisions (0.79-2.99%) and recoveries (93.40-104.97%) were obtained indicating the high selectivity and resolving power of the developed NMR methods and no needs for separation steps. Applying statistical Student t-test revealed insignificant difference between the real and measured contents at the 95% confidence level. F-test revealed insignificant difference in precisions between the developed NMR methods and HPLC methods reported for analyzing miconazole, metronidazole and sulfamethoxazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE.
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do Nascimento TG, Oliveira EDJ, Macêdo RO. Simultaneous determination of ranitidine and metronidazole in human plasma using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 37:777-83. [PMID: 15797801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2003] [Revised: 11/08/2004] [Accepted: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The development and validation of a simple method for the simultaneous determination of ranitidine and metronidazole in human plasma is described. Plasma samples (250 microL) were deproteinized by precipitation with 60% perchloric acid, centrifuged and the supernatant directly injected into the HPLC. Separation was achieved in isocratic mode with a Shimpak C(18) column and a mobile phase consisting of 10mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate pH 3.5:acetonitrile (90:10, v/v) with UV detection at 315 nm. The method showed good selectivity and sensitivity. Good and consistent recovery for metronidazole and ranitidine was obtained: 96.22+/-3.52 and 95.00+/-4.50% for ranitidine (25-1000 ng/mL) and metronidazole (60-10,000 ng/mL), respectively (n=3). With this one-step sample preparation method, both ranitidine and metronidazole could be quantified simultaneously in human plasma with good precision (R.S.D.<15%) and accuracy (bias values below 15%). The limit of quantification for ranitidine and metronidazole were 20 and 40 ng/mL plasma, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ticiano Gomes do Nascimento
- Unidade de Desenvolvimento e Ensaios de Medicamentos (UDEM/ LTF), Universidade Federal da Paraíba-UFPB, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, 58051-970 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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28
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Eick S, Seltmann T, Pfister W. Efficacy of antibiotics to strains of periodontopathogenic bacteria within a single species biofilm - an in vitro study. J Clin Periodontol 2004; 31:376-83. [PMID: 15086620 DOI: 10.1111/j.0303-6979.2004.00490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined differences in the efficacy of antibiotics against a single strain of three periodontal pathogens grown in an artificial biofilm. METHODS Single species biofilms were established with artificial saliva and one of the following bacterial strains: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4, Streptococcus constellatus 384b (a clinical isolate) and Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277. The efficacy of the antibiotics clindamycin, doxycycline, metronidazole, and moxifloxacin to these bacteria was determined using concentrations up to 100-fold minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to planctonic bacteria over 48 h. RESULTS The ability of the bacteria to form a biofilm varied. The biofilms of S. constellatus 384b and A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 contained more viable bacteria and showed a larger thickness in SEM photographs than those of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277. The antibiotics tested showed different efficacy for the different strains. Moxifloxacin was the most efficient antibiotic: onefold MIC was sufficient to eliminate A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 and P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 after 48 h. However, only the 50-fold MIC completely eradicated S. constellatus 384b. SEM photographs underlined the damaging effect of moxifloxacin on the biofilm structure. CONCLUSION The complete removal of bacteria by the use of antibiotics alone seems to be impossible when taking into account MIC values and the level of antibiotics in gingival fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eick
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Rajnarayana K, Reddy MS, Krishna DR. Diosmin pretreatment affects bioavailability of metronidazole. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2003; 58:803-7. [PMID: 12698306 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-002-0543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2002] [Accepted: 11/06/2002] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen for inhibitory effects of diosmin on cytochrome P(450)-mediated metabolism of metronidazole in healthy volunteers. DESIGN Before/after non-blinded investigation conducted in healthy male volunteers. METHODS After an overnight fast, metronidazole (two 400-mg tablets) was administered to 12 volunteers, either alone or after a 9-day pretreatment period with a once-daily dose of diosmin 500-mg tablets under direct observation. Serum concentrations of metronidazole up to 48 h postdose and urinary concentrations of metronidazole and its two major metabolites up to 24 h postdose were measured using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Metronicazole plasma AUC((0- infinity )) and C(max) were significantly higher after diosmin pretreatment by (mean) 27% and 24%, respectively. However, time to reach peak concentration (t(max)) was not affected significantly. Urinary excretion of acid and hydroxy metabolites in urine was decreased significantly, while excretion of unchanged metronidazole was increased. CONCLUSION Diosmin pretreatment significantly altered the metabolism of metronidazole, as demonstrated by changes in plasma pharmacokinetics as well as by urinary recovery of both parent drug and its major metabolites. This may be caused by the inhibition of cytochrome P(450) enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rajnarayana
- Drug Metabolism and Clinical Pharmacokinetics Division, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, AP-506009, Warangal, India
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30
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Tsai TH, Chen YF. Pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in rat blood, brain and bile studied by microdialysis coupled to microbore liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2003; 987:277-82. [PMID: 12613822 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metronidazole is a synthetic nitroimidazole-derived antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent used for the treatment of infections involving gram-negative anaerobes. The aim of this study is to develop an in vivo microdialysis with microbore high-performance liquid chromatographic system for the pharmacokinetic study of metronidazole in rat blood, brain and bile. In addition, to investigate the disposition mechanism of metronidazole, the P-glycoprotein modulator and cytochrome P450 inhibitor were concomitantly administered. Separation of metronidazole from various biological fluids was applied to a microbore reversed-phase ODS 5 microm (150 x 1 mm I.D.) column. Its mobile phase consists of an acetonitrile-50 mM monosodium phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) containing 0.1% triethylamine (10:90, v/v) with a flow-rate of 0.05 ml/min. The UV detector wavelength was set at 317 nm. The results suggest that metronidazole penetrates the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and goes through hepatobiliary excretion. However, these pathways of BBB penetration and hepatobiliary excretion of metronidazole may not be related to the P-glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Hu Tsai
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, 155-1 Li-Nong Street Section 2, Shih-Pai, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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31
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Wibawa JD, Shaw PN, Barrett DA. Quantification of metronidazole in small-volume biological samples using narrow-bore high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 761:213-9. [PMID: 11587351 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, selective and sensitive HPLC assay has been developed for the routine analysis of metronidazole in small volumes of rat plasma, gastric aspirate and gastric tissue. The extraction procedure involves liquid-liquid extraction and a protein precipitation step. A microbore Hypersil ODS 3 microm (150 x 2.1 mm I.D.) column was used with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-aqueous 0.05 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7) containing 0.1% triethylamine (10:90). The column temperature was at 25 degrees C and the detection was by UV absorbance at 317 nm. The limit of detection was 0.015 microg ml(-1) for gastric juice aspirate and plasma and 0.010 microg g(-1) for gastric tissue (equivalent to 0.75 ng on-column). The method was linear up to a concentration of 200 microg ml(-1) for plasma and gastric juice aspirate and up to 40 microg g(-1) for tissue, with inter- and intra-day relative standard deviations less than 14%. The measured recovery was at least 78% in all sample matrices. The method proved robust and reliable when applied to the measurement of metronidazole in rat plasma, gastric juice aspirate and gastric tissue for pharmacokinetic studies in individual rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Wibawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, UK
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