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Gérard Yaméogo JB, Mazet R, Wouessidjewe D, Choisnard L, Godin-Ribuot D, Putaux JL, Semdé R, Gèze A. Pharmacokinetic study of intravenously administered artemisinin-loaded surface-decorated amphiphilic γ-cyclodextrin nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 106:110281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Li L, Josef BA, Liu B, Zheng S, Huang L, Chen S. Three-Dimensional Evaluation on Ecotypic Diversity of Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Case Study of Artemisia annua L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1225. [PMID: 28744301 PMCID: PMC5504922 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin is the first-line drug for anti-malaria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). As the sole natural plant source of artemisinin, ecotypes of Artemisia annua L. vary widely in artemisinin content between nations, and China is the main producing area of A. annua. Here we present a three-dimensional evaluation on ecotypic diversity of A. annua from 12 main producing areas in China using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) method, DNA barcoding and ecological analyses. The results indicated that A. annua exhibited high ecotypic diversity. A. annua grown in the South of the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River Line had a high artemisinin content, whereas the northern ones were low. Similar pattern was noted in the genetic diversity. The southern A. annua had high intraspecific variation in contrast to the northern A. annua. In terms of ecological analyses, humidity and sunshine time could be the major limiting ecological factors that affect the accumulation of artemisinin. This is the first reported three-dimensional evaluation integrating chemical, molecular and ecological analyses of the ecotypic diversity of A. annua. The work will facilitate exploring the genetic basis of chemical variations and developing strategies for the breeding and cultivation of high quality A. annua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Brinckmann A. Josef
- Sustainability Department, Traditional Medicinals, SebastopolCA, United States
| | - Bing Liu
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Sihao Zheng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Linfang Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
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Self-assembled biotransesterified cyclodextrins as potential Artemisinin nanocarriers. II: In vitro behavior toward the immune system and in vivo biodistribution assessment of unloaded nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:683-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Extraction of Artemisinin, an Active Antimalarial Phytopharmaceutical from Dried Leaves of Artemisia annua L., Using Microwaves and a Validated HPTLC-Visible Method for Its Quantitative Determination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/361405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, precise, and accurate high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method coupled with visible densitometric detection of artemisinin is developed and validated. Samples of the dried Artemisia annua leaves were extracted via microwaves using different solvents. This method shows the advantage of shorter extraction time of artemisinin from leaves under the influence of electromagnetic radiations. Results obtained from microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were compared with hot soxhlet extraction. Chromatographic separation of artemisinin from plant extract was performed over silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plate using n-hexane : ethyl acetate as mobile phase in the ratio of 75 : 25, v/v. The plate was developed at room temperature 25 ± 2.0°C. Artemisinin separation over thin-layer plate was visualized after postchromatographic derivatization with anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid reagent. HPTLC plate was scanned in a CAMAG’s TLC scanner 3 at 540 nm. Artemisinin responses were found to be linear over a range of 400–2800 ng spot−1 with a correlation coefficient 0.99754. Limits of detection and quantification were 40 and 80 ng spot−1, respectively. The HPTLC method was validated in terms of system suitability, precision, accuracy, sensitivity (LOD and LOQ), and robustness. Additionally, calculation of plate efficiency and flow constant were included as components of validation. Extracts prepared from different parts of the plant (leaves, branches, main stem, and roots) were analyzed for artemisinin content, in which, artemisinin content was found higher in the leaf extract with respect to branches and main stem extracts; however, no artemisinin was detected in root extract. The developed HPTLC-visible method of artemisinin determination will be very useful for pharmaceutical industries, which are involved in monitoring of artemisinin content during different growth stages (in vitro and in vivo) of A. annua for qualitative and quantitative assessment of final produce prior to commercial-scale processing for assessment of cost-benefit ratio.
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Graves RA, Ledet G, Nation CA, Showers PR, Pramar Y, Mandal T, Bostanian LA. An ultra-high performance chromatographic method for the determination of artemisinin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:819-24. [PMID: 24738789 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.908900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to develop an ultra-high performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of artemisinin at very low concentrations using selective ion mass spectroscopic detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Separation was conducted using a C4 100 mm× 2.1 mm column, and the mobile phase consisted of an isocratic two-component system consisting of 60% of a 0.1% aqueous solution of formic acid and 40% acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min. The drug was detected by means of an electrospray mass spectrometer with selective ion monitoring of the [M-H2O+H](+) with m/z of 265.3 in positive ion mode. RESULTS The calibration curves of artemisinin obtained from the UPLC/MS system were linear in the three ranges analyzed, with a correlation coefficient of no less than 0.9996 for all sets of standards. The peak tailing factor for all measurements were ≤1.7. The method proved to have good repeatability and linearity. DISCUSSION The described analytical method reached a LOQ of 0.010 µg/ml with an isocratic system and enables an analysis rate of 20 samples per hour. The linearity of the standards was excellent for all sets of standards analyzed. CONCLUSION The method presented in this study provides a rapid and suitable means for the determination of artemisinin at very low concentrations. This is especially significant when performing dissolution studies where, due to the low solubility of artemisinin, a method that can measure the drug at nanogram levels is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Graves
- College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans, LA , USA
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Carrà A, Bagnati R, Fanelli R, Bonati M. Fast and reliable artemisinin determination from different Artemisia annua leaves based alimentary products by high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2014; 142:114-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Adegoke OA, Xiang LL, Idowu OS, Chen DY. Highly sensitive liquid chromatographic analysis of artemisinin and its derivatives after pre-column derivatization with 4-carboxyl-2,6-dinitrobenzene diazonium ion. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.24.2012.3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Yaméogo JB, Gèze A, Choisnard L, Putaux JL, Gansané A, Sirima SB, Semdé R, Wouessidjewe D. Self-assembled biotransesterified cyclodextrins as Artemisinin nanocarriers – I: Formulation, lyoavailability and in vitro antimalarial activity assessment. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 80:508-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Pabbisetty D, Illendula A, Muraleedharan K, Chittiboyina AG, Williamson JS, Avery MA, Avery BA. Determination of antimalarial compound, ARB-89 (7β-hydroxy-artemisinin carbamate) in rat serum by UPLC/MS/MS and its application in pharmacokinetics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 889-890:123-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Diawara HZ, Gbaguidi F, Evrard B, Leclercq JQ, Moudachirou M, Debrus B, Hubert P, Rozet E. Validation, transfer and measurement uncertainty estimation of an HPLC–UV method for the quantification of artemisinin in hydro alcoholic extracts of Artemisia annua L. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cabri W, D’Acquarica I, Simone P, Iorio MD, Mattia MD, Gasparrini F, Giorgi F, Mazzanti A, Pierini M, Quaglia M, Villani C. Stereolability of Dihydroartemisinin, an Antimalarial Drug: A Comprehensive Kinetic Investigation. Part 2. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4831-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102392p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Cabri
- Analytical Development, R&D Department, Sigma-Tau S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30.400, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Ilaria D’Acquarica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Simone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Marta Di Iorio
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Michela Di Mattia
- Analytical Development, R&D Department, Sigma-Tau S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30.400, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Giorgi
- Analytical Development, R&D Department, Sigma-Tau S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30.400, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “A. Mangini”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Pierini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Quaglia
- Analytical Development, R&D Department, Sigma-Tau S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30.400, 00040 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Claudio Villani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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Yang B, Cao X. Synthesis of the artemisinin-imprinting polymers on silica surface and its adsorption behavior in supercritical CO2 fluid. AIChE J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Shrivastava A, Issarani R, Nagori B. Stability indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method for the estimation of artemether in capsule dosage forms. J Young Pharm 2011; 2:79-84. [PMID: 21331197 PMCID: PMC3035892 DOI: 10.4103/0975-1483.62220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new simple, sensitive, precise, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method of analysis for artemether both as a bulk drug and in capsule formulations was developed and validated. The method employed mobile phase acetonitrile (ACN) and buffer in the ratio 65:35 of pH 6.5 adjusted with tryethylamine. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship with r2 = 0.9996 in the concentration range 250-750 μg/ml. The mean value slope and intercept were 9355.5 and −93.5, respectively. The method was validated for precision, accuracy, and recovery studies. Limit of detection (LOD) and Limit of quantitation (LOQ) for artemether were found to be 21.83-750 μg/ml, respectively. The method has been successfully applied in the analysis of marketed capsule formulations. The presented method was found to be reliable to separate all the degradents from all the stress conditions with resolution of more than 1.5 showing that it is a stability indicating method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shrivastava
- Department of Pharm. Sciences, B.R. Nahata College of Pharmacy, Mhow-Neemuch Road, Mandsaur (M.P) - 458 001, India
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Size exclusion chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection as a method for speciation analysis of polydimethylsiloxanes. I: Influence of selected factors on the signal intensity of the detector. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:503-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liu NQ, Choi YH, Verpoorte R, van der Kooy F. Comparative quantitative analysis of artemisinin by chromatography and qNMR. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2010; 21:451-456. [PMID: 20310073 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the discovery of artemisinin in the 1970s, many techniques based on diverse chromatography techniques have been developed to detect and quantify this important antiplasmodial compound. The accurate quantification of this compound in the Artemisia annua plant material is mainly needed for breeding purposes in order to cultivate higher yielding varieties. It is also important for the quality control of herbal preparations containing A. annua plant material. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the most common validated quantification techniques (LC-MS, HPLC-ELSD and TLC) and compare the results to quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qNMR) in eight different A. annua samples collected from around the world. METHODOLOGY The leaf material were extracted according to standard procedures and analysed with the validated quantification techniques. For the qNMR analysis we did not employ a standard curve but instead used an internal standard (maleid acid) which is not chemically related to artemisinin. RESULTS We found a significant difference between the results in this study. Compared with the qNMR results the HPLC-ELSD corresponded closely, followed by LC-MS. Quantitation with TLC led to an estimation range of -0.5 to +3.2 mg artemisinin/g of A. annua. CONCLUSION These results imply that qNMR, with the addition of an internal standard, can be used to quantify artemisinin in A. annua samples in a rapid and reproducible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Qing Liu
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Section of Metabolomics, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Stereodynamic investigation of labile stereogenic centres in dihydroartemisinin. Molecules 2010; 15:1309-23. [PMID: 20335983 PMCID: PMC6257325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15031309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its identification in the early 1970s, artemisinin, as well as semi-synthetic derivatives and synthetic trioxanes, have been used in malaria therapy. Reduction of artemisinin by NaBH4 produced dihydroartemisinin (DHA), and yielded a new stereochemically labile centre at C-10, which, in turn, provided two interconverting lactol hemiacetal epimers (namely alpha and beta), whose rate of interconversion depends on buffer, pH, and solvent polarity. Since interconversion of the two epimers occurred on a chromatographic time-scale, this prompted a thorough investigation of the phenomenon as a crucial requisite of any analytical method aimed at quantitating this family of drugs. In this critical review we discuss the current importance of the on-column epimerization of DHA in the development of analytical methods aimed at quantifying the drug, with the purpose of identifying the optimal conditions to minimize on-column epimerization while achieving the best selectivity and efficiency of the overall separation.
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Investigation of porous graphitic carbon at high-temperature liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection for the analysis of the drug combination artesunate—Azithromycin for the treatment of severe malaria. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2009] [Revised: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Stringham RW, Lynam KG, Mrozinski P, Kilby G, Pelczer I, Kraml C. High performance liquid chromatographic evaluation of artemisinin, raw material in the synthesis of artesunate and artemether. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:8918-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu S, Tian N, Li J, Huang J, Liu Z. Simple and rapid micro-scale quantification of artemisinin in livingArtemisia annuaL. by improved gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:1101-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Avula B, Wang YH, Smillie TJ, Mabusela W, Vincent L, Weitz F, Khan IA. Comparison of LC–UV, LC–ELSD and LC–MS Methods for the Determination of Sesquiterpenoids in Various Species of Artemisia. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Shah F, Zhang SQ, Kandhari SP, Mukherjee P, Chittiboyina A, Avery MA, Avery BA. In vitro erythrocytic uptake studies of artemisinin and selected derivatives using LC–MS and 2D-QSAR analysis of uptake in parasitized erythrocytes. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:5325-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Natalini B, Sardella R, Gioiello A, Carbone G, Dawgul M, Pellicciari R. Side-chain modified bile acids: chromatographic separation of 23-methyl epimers. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:2022-33. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mojsiewicz-Pieńkowska K. On the Issue of Characteristic Evaporative Light Scattering Detector Response. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/15389580802570218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Development of HPLC analytical protocols for quantification of artemisinin in biomass and extracts. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:908-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 01/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Debnath C, Saha P, Ortner A. Electrocatalytic and Analytical Response of Cobalt Phthalocyanine Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes Towards Antimalarial Endoperoxide Artemisinin. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gaudin K, Kauss T, Lagueny AM, Millet P, Fawaz F, Dubost JP. Determination of artesunate using reversed-phase HPLC at increased temperature and ELSD detection. J Sep Sci 2008; 32:231-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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He SP, Tan GY, Li G, Tan WM, Nan TG, Wang BM, Li ZH, Li QX. Development of a sensitive monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the antimalaria active ingredient artemisinin in the Chinese herb Artemisia annua L. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:1297-303. [PMID: 19066864 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin is an endoperoxide sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Artemisia annua L. It has been widely used in South-East Asia and Africa as an effective drug against sensitive and multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. A monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated as 3H2, was generated with artesunate-bovine serum albumin conjugate as the immunogen. mAb 3H2 was used to develop a highly sensitive and specific indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) for artemisinin. The concentration of analyte producing 50% of inhibition (IC(50)) and the working range of the icELISA were 1.3 and 0.2-5.8 ng/mL, respectively. The mAb 3H2 recognized the artemisinin analogs artesunate, dihydroartemisinin, and artemether with cross-reactivity of 650%, 57%, and 3%, respectively, but negligibly recognized deoxyartemisinin and the artemisinin precursors arteannuin B and artemisinic acid. The average recoveries of artemisinin fortified in A. annua samples at concentrations from 156 to 5,000 microg/g determined by icELISA ranged from 91% to 98%. The icELISA was applied for the determination of artemisinin in different wild A. annua samples and the results were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The correlation coefficient (R(2)) between the two assays was larger than 0.99, demonstrating a good agreement between the icELISA and HPLC results. This ELISA is suitable for quality assurance of A. annua L. materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ping He
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Chen J, Gu J, Zhao R, Dai R, Wang J. Simultaneous Nonchiral Determination of Artemisinin and Arteannuin B in Artemisia annua Using Circular Dichroism Detection. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Electrochemical Determination of Artemisinin Using a Multi-wall Carbon Nanotube Film-modified Electrode. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2008. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2008.29.7.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Russo R, Guillarme D, Rudaz S, Bicchi C, Veuthey JL. Evaluation of the coupling between ultra performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detector for selected phytochemical applications. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2377-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Mojsiewicz-Pieńkowska K. Size-exclusion chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection: Method for determination of polydimethylsiloxanes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 865:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Wang Q, Zhang S, Yang J. HPLC Analysis of Sucrose Ester Analogs using Evaporative Light Scattering Detection. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701465613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Jinzong Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, P. R. China
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33
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Widmer V, Handloser D, Reich E. Quantitative HPTLC Analysis of Artemisinin in DriedArtemisia annuaL.: A Practical Approach. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701451555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Widmer
- a CAMAG Laboratory , Muttenz, Switzerland
| | | | - E. Reich
- a CAMAG Laboratory , Muttenz, Switzerland
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34
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Koobkokkruad T, Chochai A, Kerdmanee C, De-Eknamkul W. TLC-densitometric analysis of artemisinin for the rapid screening of high-producing plantlets of Artemisia annua L. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2007; 18:229-34. [PMID: 17500366 DOI: 10.1002/pca.976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A simple TLC-densitometric technique has been developed for the rapid and accurate analysis of artemisinin in a large number of Artemisia annua plantlets cultured in vitro. This new analytical method is based on the structural conversion of artemisinin on a silica gel layer by ammonia vapour to form 10-azadesoxyartemisinin, a chromophore-containing compound (lambdamax 320 nm) that can be detected by UV-based TLC densitometry. The TLC system was evaluated quantitatively in terms of product stability, precision, accuracy and calibration. Good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.01-0.12 microg artemisinin. The technique appeared to be accurate and sensitive as compared with the complicated pre-column reaction-HPLC technique. Among 90 samples of A. annua plantlets, the artemisinin content in the leaves appeared to be highly variable, ranging from 0.02 to 0.67% w/w dry weight. These results demonstrate that densitometric TLC can be a cheap and simple technique for the accurate screening of high-artemisinin-producing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thongchai Koobkokkruad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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35
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Wang Q, Zhang S, Zhang P, Zhu J, Yang J. Separation and Quantitation of Sucrose Esters Using HPLC with Evaporative Light Scattering Detection. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070600864874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Pei Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Jinli Zhu
- a State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Jinzong Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, P. R. China
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36
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Shen S, Chang Z, Liu J, Sun X, Hu X, Liu H. Simultaneous Determination of Glycyrrhizic Acid and Liquiritin in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Extract by HPLC with ELSD Detection. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070600864858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Shen
- a Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering , Institute of Process Engineering , Beijing, P.R. China
- b Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhidong Chang
- a Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering , Institute of Process Engineering , Beijing, P.R. China
- b Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ji Liu
- a Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering , Institute of Process Engineering , Beijing, P.R. China
- b Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xinghua Sun
- a Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering , Institute of Process Engineering , Beijing, P.R. China
- b Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Hu
- a Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering , Institute of Process Engineering , Beijing, P.R. China
- b Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huizhou Liu
- a Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering , Institute of Process Engineering , Beijing, P.R. China
- b Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, P.R. China
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37
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Peng CA, Ferreira JFS, Wood AJ. Direct analysis of artemisinin from Artemisia annua L. using high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector, and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1133:254-8. [PMID: 16952365 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2005] [Revised: 08/10/2006] [Accepted: 08/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Since the isolation of artemisinin 32 years ago, it has been analyzed by different chromatographic techniques. This work compared the analysis of artemisinin from crude plant samples by GC with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and HPLC with evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD). Data is also presented indicating that GC is suitable for the quantification of two of artemisinin precursors (arteannuin B and artemisinic acid) if a mass spectrometer is available. GC-FID and HPLC-ELSD were chosen because of their low cost compared to other detection methods, their ease of operation compared to HPLC with electrochemical detection, and because neither require artemisinin derivatization. Both GC-FID and HPLC-ELSD provided sensitive (ng level) and reproducible results for the analysis of artemisinin from field plants, with a correlation coefficient of r(2)=0.86 between the two methods. Both methods could be easily adapted to the analysis of pharmaceutical-grade artemisinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyue A Peng
- Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901-6509, USA
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38
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Lin YL, Yang CC, Hsu HK, Hsu SL, Chang CMJ. Response surface methodology to supercritical fluids extraction of artemisinin and the effects on rat hepatic stellate cell in vitro. J Supercrit Fluids 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2006.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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39
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An effective method for fast determination of artemisinin in Artemisia annua L. by high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 581:298-302. [PMID: 17386456 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Revised: 07/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia annua L., is a promising and potent antimalarial drug, which meets the dual challenge posed by drug-resistant parasites and rapid progression of malarial illness. The aim of the current study was to develop a reliable and fast analytical procedure for the determination of artemisinin in A. annua using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) in couple with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) as an efficient sample preparation technique. The HPLC conditions were Agilent C18 column using water:acetonitrile (40:60 v/v) mixture as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL min(-1). ELSD conditions were optimized at nebulizer-gas flow rate of 2.0 L min(-1) and drift tube temperature of 70 degrees C under the impactor off-mode, and the gain was set at 2. Afterwards, method validation system for HPLC-ELSD analysis was developed. Calibration range was 0.2-1.0 mg mL(-1) and correlation coefficient r was above 0.9990. Precision experiments showed relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of retention time was less than 0.5% and R.S.D. of peak area was less than 1.30%. Inter-day and intra-day variabilities showed that R.S.D. was ranged from 1.01% to 4.66%. Limit of detection was less than 40 microg mL(-1) and limit of quantification was less than 100 microg mL(-1). Accuracy validation showed that average recovery was between 98.23% and 104.97%. The developed analytical procedure was successfully applied to determine the contents of artemisinin in the different parts of A. annua plants.
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40
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Li W, Fitzloff JF. HPLC WITH EVAPORATIVE LIGHT SCATTERING DETECTION AS A TOOL TO DISTINGUISH ASIAN GINSENG (PANAX GINSENG) AND NORTH AMERICAN GINSENG (PANAX QUINQUEFOLIUS). J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100108536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenkui Li
- a Functional Food for Health (FFH) Core Analytical Laboratory, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago , IL , 60612 , U.S.A
| | - John F. Fitzloff
- a Functional Food for Health (FFH) Core Analytical Laboratory, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago , IL , 60612 , U.S.A
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41
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Debnath C, Haslinger E, Ortner A. A Simple Differential Pulse Polarographic Method for the Determination of Artemisinin in Artemisia Annua. Nat Prod Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0600100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A reliable and simple differential pulse polarographic method is presented for the determination of the antimalarial artemisinin in Artemisia annua. The polarographic behaviour of artemisinin was examined in various buffer systems over the pH range 2–10. Artemisinin was irreversibly reduced at the dropping mercury electrode. In 0.1 M KH2PO4, pH 5.5, mixed with methanol (7:3; v/v), the differential pulse polarograms exhibited reproducible peaks at 0.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl and a plot of peak height against concentration of artemisinin was found to be linear over the range 6.4 × 10−7 - 3.2 × 10−5 mol/L (R = 0.9998). The detection limit was calculated to be 58 ng/mL. The polarographic method was applied to the determination of the content of artemisinin in the traditional Chinese herbal drug Artemisia annua L. by using the standard addition method. The proposed DPP method is sensitive, precise and time-efficient and is, therefore, suitable for quantitative analysis of artemisinin in plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhanda Debnath
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Haslinger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Ortner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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42
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Fluorescence determination of artemisinin using hemoglobin as catalyst and pyronine B as substrate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02836694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Dutta AK, Avery BA, Wyandt CM. Development and validation of a stability-indicating reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method for NPC 1161C, a novel 8-aminoquinoline anti-malarial drug. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1110:35-45. [PMID: 16483584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Revised: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
NPC 1161C (+/-8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl)amino-5-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline succinate]) is a novel investigational antimalarial drug of interest for its in vivo oral potency, activity against blood and tissue stage parasites, favorable toxicity profile, long duration of action, and utility in both prophylaxis and treatment models. The pharmaceutical development of NPC 1161C warranted the availability of an assay for the detection and quantification of the drug and its separation from the impurities and degradation products. A simple and rapid stability-indicating reversed-phase HPLC method was developed and validated according to ICH guidelines. The method was found to be linear, precise and accurate. It also proved to be selective in the presence of impurities and degradation products during forced degradation studies. The method was found to be robust by factorial experimental design and was well within the recommended parameters of system suitability testing. Degradants of the drug during stress studies were also identified using high resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish K Dutta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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44
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Fluorescence Determination of Artemisinin Using Cytochrome c as Catalyst and Pyronine B as Indicator. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(06)60010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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45
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Amponsaa-Karikari A, Kishikawa N, Ohba Y, Nakashima K, Kuroda N. Determination of artemisinin in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with on-line UV irradiation and peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection. Biomed Chromatogr 2006; 20:1157-62. [PMID: 16795137 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin is an antimalarial drug containing an internal endoperoxide linkage in its structure. A simple, selective and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (PO-CL) method for the determination of artemisinin was developed. This method is based on the fact that endoperoxide in artemisinin structure can be converted to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and the generated hydrogen peroxide can be measured using PO-CL detection. The HPLC-PO-CL system was optimized on a mobile phase, post column chemiluminescence reagent, UV source and irradiation time. In addition, the system was combined with simple liquid-liquid extraction using n-hexane that allowed selective and sensitive determination of artemisinin in serum. The limit of detection using 0.5 mL of blood was 0.062 micromol/L (17.5 ng/mL) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Calibration curve obtained for artemisinin in human serum 4-80 micromol/L (1.1-22.6 microg/mL) showed a good linearity (r = 0.999).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abena Amponsaa-Karikari
- Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-Machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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46
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Li-Hua C, Hong Y, Zhao-Xia Y, Ke-Mei Z, Liu-Zhan L, Han-Xi S. Fluorescence Determination of Artemisinin Using Tyrosinase as Catalyst and Pyronine B as Monitor. CHINESE J CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200591047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Manoj Babu MK. Simultaneous separation and quantitation of four antiepileptic drugs—a study with potential for use in patient drug level monitoring. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 34:315-24. [PMID: 15013145 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2002] [Revised: 08/28/2003] [Accepted: 09/03/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to illustrate the applicability of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) in simultaneously separating and quantitating four commonly used antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). A mixture of the four AEDs were separated using a C8 column using volatile mobile phases and were detected using ELSD. Optimal instrumental conditions were obtained by assessing the effect of various critical experimental parameters such as evaporator tube temperature, carrier gas flow rate, photomultiplier gain on separation efficiency, accuracy, reproducibility and sensitivity of measurement on all four AEDs. A novel, rapid, accurate, sensitive, reproducible and robust HPLC-ELSD method for simultaneous separation and quantitation of four commonly used AEDs was developed. The physical basis of the results obtained as a consequence of varying several critical experimental parameters has been explained. This study illustrates the potential for use of HPLC-ELSD in drug level monitoring of patients undergoing mono- or polytherapy for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Manoj Babu
- Pharmaceutical Development, DSM Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5900 NW Greenville Blvd., Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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48
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Nageswara Rao R, Nagaraju V. An overview of the recent trends in development of HPLC methods for determination of impurities in drugs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 33:335-77. [PMID: 14550856 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An extensive survey of the literature published in various analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry related journals has been conducted and the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods which were developed and used for determination of process-related impurities in drugs have been reviewed. This review covers the time period from 1995 to 2001 during which around 450 analytical methods including all types of chromatographic and hyphenated techniques were reported. HPLC with UV detection was found to be the technique of choice for many workers and more than 200 methods were developed using LC-UV alone. A critical analysis of the reported data has been carried out and the present state-of-art of HPLC for determination of impurities of analgesic, antibiotic, anti-viral, anti-hypertensive, anti-depressant, gastro-intestinal and anti-neoplastic agents has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nageswara Rao
- HPLC Group, Analytical Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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49
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Illapakurthy AC, Sabnis YA, Avery BA, Avery MA, Wyandt CM. Interaction of artemisinin and its related compounds with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in solution state: experimental and molecular-modeling studies. J Pharm Sci 2003; 92:649-55. [PMID: 12587126 DOI: 10.1002/jps.10319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) was investigated as a possible solubilizer for a series of poorly water-soluble antimalarial drugs. The solubilities of artemisinin, artether, dihydroartemisinin, and 10-deoxoartemisinin in HPBCD solutions were studied. The phase-solubility profile of these drugs in HPBCD solutions, in the concentration range studied, can be classified as type A(L) or soluble 1:1 complexes. The solubilities of artemisinin, artether, dihydroartemisinin, and 10-deoxoartemisinin in 20% w/v solutions of HPBCD are 4.5, 1.3, 6.0, and 5.2 mg/mL, respectively. The stability constants of artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin, artether, and 10-deoxoartemisinin complexes with HPBCD are 475, 405, 327, and 146 M(-1), respectively. Three different docking methods, SYBYL DOCK, FlexiDock, and DOCK 4.0.1 were evaluated to further understand the complexation modes and applicability of the docking programs for the modeling of inclusion complexes. The results showed that DOCK 4.0.1 offers a better correlation in terms of orientation of molecules inside the cyclodextrin cavity and also in terms of docking scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok C Illapakurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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50
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Li W, Fitzloff JF. A validated method for quantitative determination of saponins in notoginseng (Panax notoginseng) using high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001; 53:1637-43. [PMID: 11804394 DOI: 10.1211/0022357011778241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
A gradient high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with evaporative light-scattering detection (ELSD) for the determination of major saponins in a Chinese traditional herbal medicine, Panax notoginseng, is described. Samples were analysed by means of a reverse-phase column (Waters Spherisorb ODS-2, C-18) using acetonitrile and water under gradient conditions as the mobile phase over 60 min. The ELSD used was set at an evaporating temperature of 35 degrees C and pressurized air pressure of 3.4 bars. The detection limit (signal/noise > 3) of the saponins was 50 ng. The method was validated by inter- and intra-day assays and recovery tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
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