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Wu L, Cheng L, Yang J, Yan Y, Zhang E, Kochovski Z, Li L, Wang Z, Deng L, Lu Y, Besenius P, Cui W, Chen G. Construction of Active Protein Materials: Manipulation on Morphology of Salmon Calcitonin Assemblies with Enhanced Bone Regeneration Effect. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2207526. [PMID: 36103707 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effect of protein drugs is always limited by their relatively low stability and fast degradation property; thus, various elegant efforts have been made to improve the bioactivity and biocompatibility of the protein drugs. Here, an alternative way is proposed to solve this problem. By simply adding a limited amount of small-molecular regulator, which tunes the subtle balance of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and disulfide bond formation, the self-assembly property of the protein drug can be regulated, forming an "active protein material" itself. This means that, the resulting biomaterial is dominated by the protein drug and water, with significantly enhanced bone regeneration effect compared to the virgin protein in vitro and in vivo, through multivalent effect between the protein and receptor and the retarded degradation of the assembled proteins. In this active protein material, the protein drug is not only the active drug, but also the drug carrier, which greatly increases the drug-loading efficiency of the biomaterial, indicating the advantages of the easy preparation, high efficiency, and low cost of the active protein material with a bright future in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Ensong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zdravko Kochovski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Long Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yan Lu
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pol Besenius
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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Junaid MSA, Banga AK. Transdermal Delivery of Baclofen Using Iontophoresis and Microneedles. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:84. [PMID: 35288825 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02232-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Baclofen, a GABAb agonist, is used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, a neurodegenerative disease. Currently available dosage forms to deliver baclofen are through the oral and the intrathecal routes. The disadvantage of oral baclofen is that it requires administering the drug multiple times a day, owing to baclofen's short half-life. On the other hand, intrathecal baclofen pumps are invasive and cannot be an alternative to oral baclofen. Hence, there is a need to develop a dosage form that can deliver baclofen non-invasively and for an extended period at a steady rate, increasing the dosing interval. A transdermal baclofen delivery system might be the solution to this problem. Hence, this research focuses on evaluating microneedles, iontophoresis, and a combination of microneedles-iontophoresis as transdermal delivery enhancement strategies for baclofen. In vitro permeation studies were conducted on dermatomed porcine ear skin using vertical Franz diffusion cells to evaluate transdermal baclofen delivery. Anodal iontophoresis was applied at a current density of 0.5 mA/cm2, and transdermal delivery was assessed from pH 4.5 (45.51±0.76 μg/cm2) and pH 7.4 (68.84±10.13 μg/cm2) baclofen solutions. Iontophoresis enhanced baclofen delivery but failed to reach target delivery. Maltose microneedles were used to create hydrophilic microchannels on the skin, and this technique enhanced baclofen delivery by 89-fold. Both microneedles (447.88±68.06 μg/cm2) and combination of microneedles - iontophoresis (428.56±84.33 μg/cm2) reached the target delivery range (222-1184 μg/cm2) for baclofen. The findings of this research suggest that skin could be a viable route for delivery of baclofen. Graphical Abstract.
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Martínez AV, Merino V, Ganem-Rondero A. Transdermal formulations and strategies for the treatment of osteoporosis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lee J, Kwon K, Kim M, Min J, Hwang NS, Kim WS. Transdermal iontophoresis patch with reverse electrodialysis. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:701-706. [PMID: 28426265 PMCID: PMC8241008 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1282555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse electrodialysis (RED) technology generates energy from the salinity gradient by contacting waters with different salinity. Herein, we develop the disposable skin patch using this eco-friendly energy. The current density, which can be controlled easily without special circuit, is enough to iontophoretic drug delivery. In vitro study, this iontophoretic system enhanced the transdermal delivery of peptide, which is difficult to penetrate the skin barrier by simple diffusion. We design the disposable iontophoretic skin patch using RED system and suggest this patch can be apply on new cosmetic patch or disposable drug patch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Lee
- Biosensor Laboratories Incoperated, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, and
| | - Kilsung Kwon
- Biosensor Laboratories Incoperated, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Kim
- Biosensor Laboratories Incoperated, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhong Min
- Department of Dermatology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S. Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, and
| | - Won-serk Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Filipovic N, Saveljic I, Rac V, Graells BO, Bijelic G. Computational and experimental model of transdermal iontophorethic drug delivery system. Int J Pharm 2017; 533:383-388. [PMID: 28576549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The concept of iontophoresis is often applied to increase the transdermal transport of drugs and other bioactive agents into the skin or other tissues. It is a non-invasive drug delivery method which involves electromigration and electroosmosis in addition to diffusion and is shown to be a viable alternative to conventional administration routs such as oral, hypodermic and intravenous injection. In this study we investigated, experimentally and numerically, in vitro drug delivery of dexamethasone sodium phosphate to porcine skin. Different current densities, delivery durations and drug loads were investigated experimentally and introduced as boundary conditions for numerical simulations. Nernst-Planck equation was used for calculation of active substance flux through equivalent model of homogeneous hydrogel and skin layers. The obtained numerical results were in good agreement with experimental observations. A comprehensive in-silico platform, which includes appropriate numerical tools for fitting, could contribute to iontophoretic drug-delivery devices design and correct dosage and drug clearance profiles as well as to perform much faster in-silico experiments to better determine parameters and performance criteria of iontophoretic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Filipovic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjica 6, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; BIOIRC Bioengineering Research and Development Center, Kragujevac, Prvoslava Stojanovica 6, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Igor Saveljic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjica 6, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; BIOIRC Bioengineering Research and Development Center, Kragujevac, Prvoslava Stojanovica 6, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladislav Rac
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Beograd, Zemun, Serbia
| | - Beatriz Olalde Graells
- Fundation Tecnalia Research and Innovation, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Gipuzkoa, Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, E-20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Goran Bijelic
- Fundation Tecnalia Research and Innovation, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Gipuzkoa, Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, E-20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
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Abdel-Mottaleb MM, Lamprecht A. In vivo skin penetration of macromolecules in irritant contact dermatitis. Int J Pharm 2016; 515:384-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bashyal S, Lee S. Delivery of biopharmaceuticals using combination of liposome and iontophoresis: a review. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-015-0219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Aghazadeh-Habashi A, Yang Y, Tang K, Lőbenberg R, Doschak MR. Transdermal drug delivery: feasibility for treatment of superficial bone stress fractures. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 5:540-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-015-0257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Witting M, Obst K, Friess W, Hedtrich S. Recent advances in topical delivery of proteins and peptides mediated by soft matter nanocarriers. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1355-69. [PMID: 25687276 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Proteins and peptides are increasingly important therapeutics for the treatment of severe and complex diseases like cancer or autoimmune diseases due to their high specificity and potency. Their unique structure and labile physicochemical properties, however, require special attention in the production and formulation process as well as during administration. Aside from conventional systemic injections, the topical application of proteins and peptides is an appealing alternative due to its non-invasive nature and thus high acceptance by patients. For this approach, soft matter nanocarriers are interesting delivery systems which offer beneficial properties such as high biocompatibility, easiness of modifications, as well as targeted drug delivery and release. This review aims to highlight and discuss technological developments in the field of soft matter nanocarriers for the delivery of proteins and peptides via the skin, the eye, the nose, and the lung, and to provide insights in advantages, limitations, and practicability of recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Witting
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Obst
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Friess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
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Oh DH, Kim MJ, Jeon SO, Seo JE, Jeong SH, Kang JW, Choi YW, Lee S. Strategic approaches for enhancement of in vivo transbuccal peptide drug delivery in rabbits using iontophoresis and chemical enhancers. Pharm Res 2014; 32:929-40. [PMID: 25231009 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of iontophoresis and the combination effects with chemical enhancers on in vivo hypocalcemic effect of transbuccally delivered salmon calcitonin (sCT). METHODS N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), sodium deoxyglycocholate (SDGC), and ethanol were used as chemical enhancers; and 0.5 mA/cm(2) fixed electric current was employed as a physical enhancer. sCT hydrogel was applied to rabbit buccal mucosa, and blood samples were obtained via the central auricular artery. Blood calcium level was measured by calcium kit and the conformational changes of buccal mucosa were investigated with FT-IR spectroscopy. Hematoxylin/eosin staining was used for the histological evaluation of buccal mucosa. RESULTS Iontophoresis groups except iontophoresis-NAC group showed significant hypocalcemic effect compared to negative control, in particular iontophoresis-SDGC combination group showed fast onset of action as well as sustained hypocalcemic effect (p < 0.05). FT-IR result demonstrated the reduction of buccal barrier function, and the histological study showed a decrease in buccal thickness as well as minor damage to the dermal-epidermal junctions in the enhancing method groups; however, the damaged tissues virtually recovered within 24 h after the removal of electrodes. CONCLUSIONS Iontophoresis and combination with SDGC were found to be safe and potential strategies for transbuccal peptide delivery in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Oh
- Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, Graduate School, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 621-749, Republic of Korea
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Tratta E, Pescina S, Padula C, Santi P, Nicoli S. In vitro permeability of a model protein across ocular tissues and effect of iontophoresis on the transscleral delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:116-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Swaminathan J, Gobbo OL, Tewes F, Healy AM, Ehrhardt C. Encapsulation into PEG-Liposomes Does Not Improve the Bioavailability of Pulmonary Delivered Salmon Calcitonin. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2014; 27:1-11. [DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2013.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janani Swaminathan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Panoz Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Oliviero L. Gobbo
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Panoz Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Frederic Tewes
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Panoz Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
- INSERM U 1070, Pôle Biologie-Santé, Faculté de Médecine & Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Anne Marie Healy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Panoz Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Panoz Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Spizzirri UG, Hampel S, Cirillo G, Nicoletta FP, Hassan A, Vittorio O, Picci N, Iemma F. Spherical gelatin/CNTs hybrid microgels as electro-responsive drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2013; 448:115-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Matsuo K, Hirobe S, Okada N, Nakagawa S. Frontiers of transcutaneous vaccination systems: novel technologies and devices for vaccine delivery. Vaccine 2013; 31:2403-15. [PMID: 23523401 PMCID: PMC7125630 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) systems that use the skin's immune function are promising needle-free, easy-to-use, and low-invasive vaccination alternative to conventional, injectable vaccination methods. To develop effective TCI systems, it is essential to establish fundamental techniques and technologies that deliver antigenic proteins to antigen-presenting cells in the epidermis and dermis while overcoming the barrier function of the stratum corneum. In this review, we provide an outline of recent trends in the development of techniques for the delivery of antigenic proteins and of the technologies used to enhance TCI systems. We also introduce basic and clinical research involving our TCI systems that incorporate several original devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Matsuo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Mutalik S, Parekh H, Anissimov Y, Grice J, Roberts M. Iontophoresis-Mediated Transdermal Permeation of Peptide Dendrimers across Human Epidermis. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 26:127-38. [DOI: 10.1159/000348469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Simon L. Graphical process design tools for iontophoretic transdermal drug-delivery devices. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 107:447-455. [PMID: 21345513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A graphical procedure was proposed for the optimum design of transdermal drug-delivery systems enhanced by iontophoresis. Contour plots displayed the relationships among steady-state plasma level, current density and initial drug concentration in a vehicle. This information was combined with a closed-form expression of the process time constant, estimated as the medicament in the blood reaches a plateau after application of the electric field. Analysis was conducted using Laplace-transformed variables and did not require time-domain solutions. Simulation results show that a current density of 0.044 mA/cm(2) and a loading of 3500 μg/ml of dexamethasone sodium m-sulfobenzoate were necessary to achieve an equilibrium plasma concentration of 1.254 ng/cm(3) with a time constant of 8.34 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Simon
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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Vemulapalli V, Bai Y, Kalluri H, Herwadkar A, Kim H, Davis SP, Friden PM, Banga AK. In Vivo Iontophoretic Delivery of Salmon Calcitonin Across Microporated Skin. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:2861-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Herwadkar A, Banga AK. Peptide and protein transdermal drug delivery. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2012; 9:e71-e174. [PMID: 24064275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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19
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Tas C, Mansoor S, Kalluri H, Zarnitsyn VG, Choi SO, Banga AK, Prausnitz MR. Delivery of salmon calcitonin using a microneedle patch. Int J Pharm 2011; 423:257-63. [PMID: 22172290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Peptides and polypeptides have important pharmacological properties but only a limited number have been exploited as therapeutics because of problems related to their delivery. Most of these drugs require a parenteral delivery system which introduces the problems of pain, possible infection, and expertise required to carry out an injection. The aim of this study was to develop a transdermal patch containing microneedles (MNs) coated with a peptide drug, salmon calcitonin (sCT), as an alternative to traditional subcutaneous and nasal delivery routes. Quantitative analysis of sCT after coating and drying onto microneedles was performed with a validated HPLC method. In vivo studies were carried out on hairless rats and serum levels of sCT were determined by ELISA. The AUC value of MNs coated with a trehalose-containing formulation (250 ± 83 ng/mL min) was not significantly different as compared to subcutaneous injections (403 ± 253 ng/mL min), but approximately 13 times higher than nasal administration (18.4 ± 14.5 ng/mL min). T(max) (7.5 ± 5 min) values for MN mediated administration were 50% shorter than subcutaneous injections (15 min), possibly due to rapid sCT dissolution and absorption by dermal capillaries. These results suggest that with further optimization of coating formulations, microneedles may enable administration of sCT and other peptides without the need for hypodermic injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cetin Tas
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0100, USA
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Oh DH, Chun KH, Jeon SO, Kang JW, Lee S. Enhanced transbuccal salmon calcitonin (sCT) delivery: effect of chemical enhancers and electrical assistance on in vitro sCT buccal permeation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 79:357-63. [PMID: 21683790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the combined effect of absorption enhancers and electrical assistance on transbuccal salmon calcitonin (sCT) delivery, using fresh swine buccal tissue. We placed 200 IU (40 μg/mL) of each sCT formulation--containing various concentrations of ethanol, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), and sodium deoxyglycocholate (SDGC)--onto the donor part of a Franz diffusion cell. Then, 0.5 mA/cm(2) of fixed anodal current was applied alone or combined with chemical enhancers. The amount of permeated sCT was analyzed using an ELISA kit, and biophysical changes of the buccal mucosa were investigated using FT-IR spectroscopy, and hematoxylin-eosin staining methods were used to evaluate histological alteration of the buccal tissues. The flux (J(s)) of sCT increased with the addition of absorption enhancer groups, but it was significantly enhanced by the application of anodal iontophoresis (ITP). FT-IR study revealed that all groups caused an increase in lipid fluidity but only the groups containing SDGC showed statistically significant difference. Although the histological data of SDGC groups showed a possibility for tissue damage, the present enhancing methods appear to be safe. In conclusion, the combination of absorption enhancers and electrical assistance is a potential strategy for the enhancement of transbuccal sCT delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Oh
- Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, Inje University, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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Gratieri T, Kalaria D, Kalia YN. Non-invasive iontophoretic delivery of peptides and proteins across the skin. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:645-63. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.566265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of rapid administration of iron via transdermal route as an alternative to parenteral route of administration. In vitro drug delivery studies were carried out using porcine epidermis mounted on Franz diffusion cells. The effect of chemical permeation enhancers and physical techniques (constant voltage iontophoresis, electroporation and combination of electroporation with iontophoresis) on the transport of ferric pyrophosphate (FPP) was studied. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and electrical resistance were measured in order to see the effect of these techniques on the skin barrier function. The amount of FPP permeated was not enhanced significantly with the use of any of the enhancers (P > 0.05). It was found that constant voltage iontophoresis (0.5, 2 or 4 V) for about 30 min across electroporated epidermis (120 V, 100 pulses, 10 ms at 5 Hz) enhanced the delivery of FPP over control in the range of 2- to 42-fold. Hence, a therapeutically required dose of iron could be delivered by transdermal route using electrically-mediated techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Ram Kiran Vaka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
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23
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Sammeta SM, Murthy SN. "ChilDrive": a technique of combining regional cutaneous hypothermia with iontophoresis for the delivery of drugs to synovial fluid. Pharm Res 2009; 26:2535-40. [PMID: 19774343 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bioavailability of drugs in the synovial fluid when administered via transdermal route is highly limited due to the dermal clearance. The purpose of this project was to assess the efficiency of ChilDrive (CD) technique to improve the drug targeting to the synovial fluid. CD is a technique of transdermal delivery of drugs combining regional hypothermia and iontophoresis. METHODS Diclofenac sodium and Prednisolone sodium phosphate were administered by transdermal route (Passive, Iontophoresis, Chil-Passive and ChilDrive) at the knee-joint region of hind limb in sprague dawley rats for 6 h. Intraarticular microdialysis was carried out to determine the time course of drug concentration in the synovial fluid. Drug levels in synovial fluid after intravenous and intraarticular administration were also determined. RESULTS Iontophoretic delivery increased the AUC(0-t) (area under the curve) of drugs in the synovial fluid by 3-fold over passive delivery (0.86 +/- 0.04 and 2.0 +/- 0.06 microg.h/ml for diclofenac sodium and prednisolone sodium phosphate, respectively). CD resulted in an AUC(0-t) of 5.2 +/- 0.69 and 24.6 +/- 1.97 microg.h/ml for diclofenac sodium and prednisolone sodium phosphate which was approximately 6-12-fold higher than the passive and 2-4-fold higher than iontophoresis. CONCLUSIONS The results support our hypothesis that CD improves bioavailability of drugs to the synovial joints. CD could be developed as a potential noninvasive technique for treatment of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa M Sammeta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
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24
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Benson HA, Namjoshi S. Proteins and Peptides: Strategies for Delivery to and Across the Skin. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:3591-610. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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Tokumoto S, Higo N, Sugibayashi K. Effect of electroporation and pH on the iontophoretic transdermal delivery of human insulin. Int J Pharm 2006; 326:13-9. [PMID: 16920293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2005] [Revised: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synergistic effect of electroporation (EP) and iontophoresis (IP) on the in vivo percutaneous absorption of human insulin was evaluated in rats. Passive diffusion and IP alone (0.4 mA/cm(2)) resulted in almost no skin permeation of insulin at pH 7, whereas EP treatment (150 or 300 V, 10 ms, and 10 pulses) resulted in a high plasma level of insulin and the combined use of EP and IP led to a further increase of the plasma level of insulin compared with that measured after EP alone. Interestingly, a much higher plasma level was observed when the pH of the insulin solution at 7 was increased to 10. One of the reasons was the different aggregation properties of insulin at pH 7 and pH 10. The nonassociation ratio of insulin was significantly higher at pH 10 than at pH 7. Insulin monomers and dimers were observed in addition to the normal form of insulin, hexamer, albeit in low percentages, at pH 10, whereas most of the insulin was in the hexamer form at pH 7. To confirm the influence of the aggregation properties of insulin, the commercially available human insulin analogue insulin lispro was then evaluated. Its skin permeation was found to be extremely high compared to that of conventional human insulin without increasing the solution pH. Marked decreases in blood glucose levels reflecting the increases in the plasma concentration of insulin were also observed after EP/IP treatment. The present study suggests that percutaneous absorption of insulin is synergistically enhanced by a combined use of EP and IP and that altering the aggregation properties of insulin is important to enhance the percutaneous absorption of insulin by IP and/or EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Tokumoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
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26
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Miyagi T, Hikima T, Tojo K. Effect of Molecular Weight of Penetrants on Iontophoretic Transdermal Delivery In Vitro. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2006. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.39.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Miyagi
- Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
| | - Tomohiro Hikima
- Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
| | - Kakuji Tojo
- Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
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27
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Abla N, Naik A, Guy RH, Kalia YN. Effect of charge and molecular weight on transdermal peptide delivery by iontophoresis. Pharm Res 2005; 22:2069-78. [PMID: 16170597 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-005-8110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study was conducted to investigate the impact of charge and molecular weight (MW) on the iontophoretic delivery of a series of dipeptides. METHODS Constant current iontophoresis of lysine and 10 variously charged lysine- and tyrosine-containing dipeptides was performed in vitro. RESULTS Increasing MW was compensated by additional charge; for example, Lys (MW = 147 Da, +1) and H-Lys-Lys-OH (MW = 275 Da, +2) had equivalent steady-state fluxes of 225 +/- 48 and 218 +/- 40 nmol cm(-2) h(-1), respectively. For peptides with similar MW, e.g., H-Tyr-D-Arg-OH (MW = 337 Da, +1) and H-Tyr-D-Arg-NH(2) (MW = 336 Da, +2), the higher valence ion displayed greater flux (150 +/- 26 vs. 237 +/- 35 nmol cm(-2) h(-1)). Hydrolysis of dipeptides with unblocked N-terminal residues, after passage through the stratum corneum, suggested the involvement of aminopeptidases. The iontophoretic flux of zwitterionic dipeptides was less than that of acetaminophen and dependent on pH. CONCLUSIONS For the series of dipeptides studied, flux is linearly correlated to the charge/MW ratio. Data for zwitterionic peptides indicate that they do not behave as neutral ("charge-less") molecules, but that their iontophoretic transport is dependent on the relative extents of ionization of the constituent ionizable groups, which may also be affected by neighboring amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Abla
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
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28
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29
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Tang L, Persky AM, Hochhaus G, Meibohm B. Pharmacokinetic aspects of biotechnology products. J Pharm Sci 2004; 93:2184-204. [PMID: 15295780 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, biotechnologically derived peptide and protein-based drugs have developed into mainstream therapeutic agents. Peptide and protein drugs now constitute a substantial portion of the compounds under preclinical and clinical development in the global pharmaceutical industry. Pharmacokinetic and exposure/response evaluations for peptide and protein therapeutics are frequently complicated by their similarity to endogenous peptides and proteins as well as protein nutrients. The first challenge frequently comes from a lack of sophistication in various analytical techniques for the quantification of peptide and protein drugs in biological matrices. However, advancements in bioassays and immunoassays--along with a newer generation of mass spectrometry-based techniques--can often provide capabilities for both efficient and reliable detection. Selection of the most appropriate route of administration for biotech drugs requires comprehensive knowledge of their absorption characteristics beyond physicochemical properties, including chemical and metabolic stability at the absorption site, immunoreactivity, passage through biomembranes, and active uptake and exsorption processes. Various distribution properties dictate whether peptide and protein therapeutics can reach optimum target site exposure to exert the intended pharmacological response. This poses a potential problem, especially for large protein drugs, with their typically limited distribution space. Binding phenomena and receptor-mediated cellular uptake may further complicate this issue. Elimination processes--a critical determinant for the drug's systemic exposure--may follow a combination of numerous pathways, including renal and hepatic metabolism routes as well as generalized proteolysis and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) correlations for peptide and protein-based drugs are frequently convoluted by their close interaction with endogenous substances and physiologic regulatory feedback mechanisms. Extensive use of pharmacokinetic and exposure/response concepts in all phases of drug development has in the past been identified as a crucial factor for the success of a scientifically driven, evidence-based, and thus accelerated drug development process. Thus, PK/PD concepts are likely to continue and expand their role as a fundamental factor in the successful development of biotechnologically derived drug products in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 874 Union Avenue, Suite 5p, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
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30
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Li SK, Higuchi WI, Kochambilli RP, Zhu H. Mechanistic studies of flux variability of neutral and ionic permeants during constant current dc iontophoresis with human epidermal membrane. Int J Pharm 2004; 273:9-22. [PMID: 15010125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2003] [Revised: 12/10/2003] [Accepted: 12/11/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although constant current iontophoresis is supposed to provide constant transdermal transport, significant flux variability and/or time-dependent flux drifts are observed during iontophoresis with human skin in vitro and human studies in vivo. The objectives of the present study were to determine (a) the causes of flux variability in constant current dc transdermal iontophoresis and (b) the relationships of flux variabilities among permeants of different physicochemical properties. Changes in the human epidermal membrane (HEM) effective pore size and/or electroosmosis during constant current dc iontophoresis were examined. Tetraethylammonium ion (TEA), urea, and mannitol were the model permeants. For the neutral permeants, the results in the present study showed a significant increase of fluxes with time in a given experiment and large HEM sample-to-sample variability. Although both effective pore size and pore charge density variations contributed to the time-dependent flux drifts observed in electroosmotic transport, the significant flux drifts observed were found to be primarily a result of the time-dependent increase in effective pore charge density. For the ionic permeant, the observed flux variability was smaller than that of the neutral permeants and was believed to be primarily due to effective pore size alteration in HEM during iontophoresis as suggested in a previous study. The different extents of flux variability observed between neutral and ionic permeants are consistent with the different iontophoretically enhanced transport mechanisms for the neutral and ionic permeants (i.e. electroosmosis and electrophoresis, respectively). The results of the present study also demonstrate that flux variability of two neutral permeants are inter-related, so the flux of one neutral permeant can be predicted if the permeability coefficient of the other neutral permeant is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kevin Li
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Rm 213 Skaggs Hall, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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31
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Kalia YN, Naik A, Garrison J, Guy RH. Iontophoretic drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2004; 56:619-58. [PMID: 15019750 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2003.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2003] [Accepted: 10/13/2003] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The composition and architecture of the stratum corneum render it a formidable barrier to the topical and transdermal administration of therapeutic agents. The physicochemical constraints severely limit the number of molecules that can be considered as realistic candidates for transdermal delivery. Iontophoresis provides a mechanism to enhance the penetration of hydrophilic and charged molecules across the skin. The principal distinguishing feature is the control afforded by iontophoresis and the ability to individualize therapies. This may become significant as the impact of interindividual variations in protein expression and the effect on drug metabolism and drug efficacy is better understood. In this review we describe the underlying mechanisms that drive iontophoresis and we discuss the impact of key experimental parameters-namely, drug concentration, applied current and pH-on iontophoretic delivery efficiency. We present a comprehensive and critical review of the different therapeutic classes and molecules that have been investigated as potential candidates for iontophoretic delivery. The iontophoretic delivery of peptides and proteins is also discussed. In the final section, we describe the development of the first pre-filled, pre-programmed iontophoretic device, which is scheduled to be commercialized during the course of 2004.
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Yamabe K, Kato Y, Onishi H, Machida Y. Potentiality of double liposomes containing salmon calcitonin as an oral dosage form. J Control Release 2003; 89:429-36. [PMID: 12737845 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(03)00160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The hypocalcemic effects of salmon calcitonin (SCT) after oral administration in rats by means of SCT-loading double liposomes (DL) which consist of liposomes containing small liposomes were investigated. SCT-loading DL consisted of four types of the inner liposomes such as neutral liposomes (NL) and cationic charged liposomes (CL) prepared using Coatsome, and neutral (VET) and cationic charged (c-VET) liposomes prepared using a mechanochemical method and sizing to 100 nm by the extrusion procedure were prepared. DL could be prepared by a combination of mechanochemical and glass-beads methods at a high efficiency. DL produced the increase in bioavailability in all groups treated with SCT-loading liposomes except for c-VET. The bioavailability of VET-DL was not significantly different but the greatest among the samples used in this study regardless of the similar size of NL-DL and CL-DL, and was approx. 6.8-fold higher than that of SCT solution when taken orally. The group treated with c-VET showed the strongest hypocalcemic effects among the inner liposomes examined (P>0.05). Therefore, it is speculated that not only the size of liposomes but also the cationic charge plays an important role in the intestinal absorption of DL. These findings suggested the utility of DL as an oral dosage form of SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yamabe
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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33
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Zaidi M, Moonga BS, Abe E. Calcitonin and bone formation: a knockout full of surprises. J Clin Invest 2003. [PMID: 12488426 DOI: 10.1172/jci200217425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mone Zaidi
- Mount Sinai Bone Program, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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34
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Zaidi M, Moonga BS, Abe E. Calcitonin and bone formation: a knockout full of surprises. J Clin Invest 2002; 110:1769-71. [PMID: 12488426 PMCID: PMC151662 DOI: 10.1172/jci17425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mone Zaidi
- Mount Sinai Bone Program, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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35
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Kanebako M, Inagi T, Takayama K. Evaluation of skin barrier function using direct current I: effects of conductivity, voltage, distance between electrodes and electrode area. Biol Pharm Bull 2002; 25:1456-60. [PMID: 12419959 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.25.1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the reduction in skin barrier function caused by direct current iontophoresis by measuring resistance in the short term. The experiments were carried out using rat abdominal skin in vivo. The resistance was measured every 125 ms and analyzed using a two-compartment model consisting of surface and skin resistance. Moreover, the initial value and the rate constant of each resistance were calculated with the non-linear approximation program. The proposed method could evaluate the reduction in barrier function from the initial value and the rate constant of surface resistance with high sensitivity and accuracy. Using this proposed method, the effects of the conductivity of an adhesive pad, voltage, the distance between electrodes and the area of electrode were examined. The increase in conductivity of the adhesive pad decreased the initial value since the rate constant increased. The reduction in barrier function depends on voltage. Although the barrier function decreased up until an electrode distance of 1 cm, it increased beyond 1 cm. These phenomena contributed to the current pass portion in the skin because the resistance was in the order of the stratum corneum, epidermis and dermis. The initial value decreased with increasing electrode area. However, the rate constant was little affected since the current density of a topical electrode adjacent to the other electrode was high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kanebako
- Fuji Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Division, Kowa Company, LTD, Shizuoka, Japan.
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36
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Nakamura K, Katagai K, Mori K, Higo N, Sato S, Yamamoto K. Transdermal administration of salmon calcitonin by pulse depolarization-iontophoresis in rats. Int J Pharm 2001; 218:93-102. [PMID: 11337153 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(01)00615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Using the pulse depolarization-iontophoresis (PDP-IP) system, salmon calcitonin (sCT), a drug for the treatment of osteoporosis, was transdermaly administered in rats. While absorption of sCT was not observed after passive transdermal administration, the serum sCT concentration was confirmed at a dose of 0.2-4 microg when the PDP-IP system was employed. The results indicated that PDP-IP could enhance transdermal absorption of peptide drugs. Also noted was the increased amount of absorption of sCT along with an increase in the dose. We investigated the influence of electrical parameters (current, frequency) in PDP-IP on the transdermal absorption of sCT. An optimal current for drug absorption was found within the range of transported current (0.1-1.0 mA) employed for PDP-IP. In comparison with the results obtained at 0.1 mA, the drug absorption increased, along with an increase in transported current, when the current was set at 0.5 mA, while the drug absorption decreased at 1.0 mA in comparison. The decrease in drug absorption was assumed to be attributable to the structural destruction of skin by application of excessive current. There was no change in skin resistance attributable to the frequency; nor was there any influence of the frequency on the amount of drug absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakamura
- R&D Planning Department, Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc., Nishigotanda 6-25-8, Shinagawa-ku, 141-0031, Tokyo, Japan.
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