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Shakerinasab N, Azizi M, Mansourian M, Sadeghi H, Salaminia S, Abbasi R, Shahaboddin ME, Doustimotlagh AH. Empagliflozin Exhibits Hepatoprotective Effects Against Bile Duct Ligation-induced Liver Injury in Rats: A Combined Molecular Docking Approach to In Vivo Studies. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3313-3323. [PMID: 36305136 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221027112239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestatic liver damage is a chronic disease caused by dysfunction of the hepaticbiliary system. Oxidative stress and inflammation are essential factors in the pathogenesis of cholestasis. Thus, the current study was designed to examine the effect of empagliflozin on bile duct ligation-induced liver damage in rats. METHODS This study was done on male Wistar rats, which were randomly assigned to the four experimental groups: sham control (SC), bile duct ligation (BDL), SC plus empagliflozin (SC+EMPA) (receiving 10 mg of EMPA orally for 7 days), BDL plus empagliflozin 10 mg/kg (BDL+ EMPA). At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed, and serum and tissue samples were collected to analyze biochemical parameters, biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and histopathological changes. The molecular docking technique was performed to elucidate the interaction of EMPA and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1). RESULTS The results showed that BDL elevated the serum activity of ALT, AST, ALP, and levels of TBIL and TPro. BDL also intensifies the oxidative stress state in rats, which was confirmed by augmenting lipid peroxidation (MDA), protein oxidation (PCO), and altering antioxidant defense parameters through decreased SOD, catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels. Furthermore, the histopathological changes in the liver demonstrated the aggravation of inflammation and oxidative stress. In contrast, treatment with EMPA has shown anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects by reducing TNF-α and IL-6 pro-inflammatory marker proteins, restoring the antioxidant status (increased SOD and GPX), reducing ALT, AST, ALP, TBIL levels, and protein oxidation, and improving the histopathological alterations through reducing bile duct proliferation, fibrosis, focal and portal inflammation. According to the attained findings, the SOD1 activity can be regulated by the EMPA. Our documentation presents direct evidence at the molecular level related to the ability of EMPA to exert its antioxidant performance through certain measures in a particular molecular route. CONCLUSION The results showed EMPA to have hepatic protective effects in rats against cholestatic liver injury, an effect mediated by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Shakerinasab
- Department of Biochemistry, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mahdokht Azizi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Mansourian
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Shirvan Salaminia
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Yasuj University of Medical Science, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Reza Abbasi
- Department of Pediatrics, Yasuj University of Medical Science, Yasuj, Iran
| | | | - Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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Celepli S, Çolak B, Celepli P, Bigat İ, Batur HG, Soysal F, Karakurt S, Hücümenoğlu S, Kismet K, Şahin M. Artichoke for biochemistry, histology, and gene expression in obstructive jaundice. REVISTA DA ASSOCIAÇÃO MÉDICA BRASILEIRA 2022; 68:647-652. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - İrem Bigat
- TOBB University of Economics & Technology, Turkey
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Kozyra M, Kozyra M, Kukuła-Koch W, Szymański M. Phenolic composition of inflorescences of Carduus nutans L. Chem Biodivers 2021; 19:e202100827. [PMID: 34964548 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Carduus nutans L. (Compositae) has been extensively used for medicinal purposes. As other representatives of the genus it is implemented in the treatment of liver disorders and used as diuretic and digestive agent. Previous studies have determined the predominant classes of secondary metabolites in Carduus species. Among the major representatives of their extracts flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, sterols and terpenes were identified. The antiradical capacity of three extracts assessed in the DPPH test revealed the highest radical scavenging properties of methanol extract (the EC50 618 ± 10.03 µg/mL) and based on these results it was selected for phenolic content determination. (TPC=61.49 mg/g). To understand better the induced pharmacological effects of the plant the aim of the study was to determine the composition of the methanol extract from the inflorescences of C. nutans and to study their phenolic composition. In order to determine the composition in a more efficient way, the crude extract was fractionated and subjected to hydrolyses. As a result more than twenty phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified in the extract and fractions by HPLC-DAD and/or HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS. The total extract was later subjected to fractionation by centrifugal partition chromatography using the Arizona system composed of n-hexane: ethyl acetate: methanol: water (0.7:4:0.8:4 v/v/v/v) to produce fractions enriched in flavonoids that are of high pharmacological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kozyra
- Medical University of Lublin: Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Chodźki 1 Street, 20-093, Lublin, POLAND
| | - Malgorzata Kozyra
- Medical University of Lublin: Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, 20-093 Lublin, ul. Chodźki 1, 20- 093 Lublin, Lublin, POLAND
| | - Wirginia Kukuła-Koch
- Medical University of Lublin, Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, 20-093 Lublin, ul. Chodźki 1, Lublin, POLAND
| | - Michał Szymański
- Medical University of Lublin: Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Department Of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, POLAND
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Khan MF, Mashwani ZUR, Mehmood A, Qureshi R, Sarwar R, Ahmad KS, Quave CL. An ethnopharmacological survey and comparative analysis of plants from the Sudhnoti District, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2021; 17:14. [PMID: 33743778 PMCID: PMC7980561 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-021-00435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is the first comprehensive report on the traditional and novel uses of medicinal plants practiced by the indigenous communities of the Sudhnoti district of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan. The area is rich in folklore and indigenous medicinal knowledge due to a unique tribal composition and socioeconomic conditions. This study aimed to document traditional knowledge of native plant use by the local communities, particularly those used for therapeutic purposes. METHODS Field surveys were conducted from September 2015 to March 2017. Interviews with 125 local inhabitants of different tribes, age groups, genders, and occupations were conducted using structured and semi-structured questions along with group discussions. Data gathered on plant uses, local names, and modes of application of each plant species were organized in tables. Ethnobotanical indices such as use value (UV) and cultural significance index (CSI) were used to produce quantitative information on the plant use category, frequency, and cultural preference of species. Reports on therapeutic uses of medicinal plants were compared with previous studies. RESULTS In all, 88 plant species from 45 families were reported, out of which 67 (77%) were used in ethnomedical applications. Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae, and Lamiaceae were the dominant families. Berberis lycium was the most valued plant species, followed by Zanthoxylum armatum and Taraxacum officinale. Mentha arvensis had the highest cultural significance, followed by Mentha longifolia, Punica granatum, and Zanthoxylum armatum. Leaves were the most preferred plant parts in the preparation of medicine exclusively or mixed with other parts. The most frequently used process of crude preparation of medicinal plants was cooking. Oral intake was the predominant route of administration. CONCLUSIONS Our comparative analysis confirmed that most of the plants documented have uses that match those previously reported for the region and other parts of the world, with the exception of novel medicinal uses for 11 plant species, including Verbascum thapsus for earache, Elaeagnus umbellata for hepatitis, Achillea millefolium for oral care, Dicliptera roxburghiana to prevent sunstroke in cattle, Rumex hastatus for allergy antidote, Pyrus pashia for hepatitis, and Nerium oleander for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faraz Khan
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, 12350, Pakistan
| | | | - Ansar Mehmood
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, 12350, Pakistan
| | - Rehmatullah Qureshi
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Sarwar
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Khawaja Shafique Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, 12350, Pakistan
| | - Cassandra L Quave
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, 550 Asbury Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Jiang M, Cui BW, Wu YL, Nan JX, Lian LH. Genus Gentiana: A review on phytochemistry, pharmacology and molecular mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113391. [PMID: 32931880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As the largest genus of Gentianaceae family, the Gentiana genus harbors over 400 species, widely distributed in the alpine areas of temperate regions worldwide. Plants from Gentiana genus are traditionally used to treat a wide variety of diseases including easing pain dispelling rheumatism, and treating liver jaundice, chronic pharyngitis and arthritis in China since ancient times. In this review, a systematic and constructive overview of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, molecular mechanisms, toxicology and pharmacological activities of the researched species of genus Gentiana is provided. MATERIALS AND METHODS The used information in this review is based on various databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley online library, Wanfang Data, Web of Science) through a search using the keyword "Gentiana" in the period of 1981-2019. Besides, other ethnopharmacological information was acquired from Chinese herbal classic books and Chinese pharmacopoeia 2015 edition. RESULTS The plants from Gentiana genus have a long tradition of various medicinal uses in Europe and Asia. Phytochemical studies showed that the main bioactive components isolated from this genus includes iridoids xanthones and flavonoids. These compounds and extracts isolated from this genus show a wide range of protective activities including hepatic protection, gastrointestinal protection, cardiovascular protection, immunomodulation, joint protection, pulmonary protection, bone protection and reproductive protection. Molecular mechanism studies also indicated several potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of certain diseases by plants from this genus. Besides, natural products from this plant show no significant animal toxicity, cytotoxicity or genotoxicity. CONCLUSION This review summarized the traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and molecular mechanism of genus Gentiana, providing references and research tendency for plant-based drug development and further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Ben-Wen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China; Clinical Research Centre, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
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Boghrati Z, Zibaee E, Ayati Z, Amiri MS, Ramezani M, Jamialahmadi T, Emami SA, Sahebkar A. Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Different Cichorium Species (Asteraceae): A Review. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1308:501-546. [PMID: 33861457 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64872-5_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cichorium species have been used widely in traditional medicine universally. It is reported as a treatment for various respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders, as well as diabetes and rheumatism. A range of constituents including phenolic and poly phenolic compounds, fatty and organic acids and essential oils comprise the chemical composition of Cichorium species. Furthermore, modern investigations on these species has shown different pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammation, antibacterial, anti-hyperglycemic, antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects which are associated with divers molecular pathways and mechanisms. In this chapter, we have summarized comprehensive information regarding traditional and ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical analysis and pharmacological aspects of Cichorium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Boghrati
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elaheh Zibaee
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Ayati
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mahin Ramezani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
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Zhang R, Guo Q, Kennelly EJ, Long C, Chai X. Diverse alkaloids and biological activities of Fumaria (Papaveraceae): An ethnomedicinal group. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104697. [PMID: 32739338 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fumaria species, commonly known as fumitory or earth smoke, are considered weeds in many regions. However, several Fumaria species have long been used in folk medicine, such as F. capreolata L., F. densiflora DC., F. indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley, F. officinalis L., F. parviflora Lam., and F. vaillantii Loisel. as well. The ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of 24 Fumaria species have been investigated. Phytochemical studies on Fumaria species revealed the presence of numerous alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids. Phthalideisoquinolines (PTIs), protoberberines, and spirobenzylisoquinolines (SBIs) are the major alkaloids in the genus Fumaria. The plants biosynthesize a diverse group of biologically active isoquinoline alkaloids, and these may help to explain the use of various Fumaria species in folk medicine. Pharmacological studies revealed a broad spectrum of bioactivities such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. We found 159 articles published from 1969-2019 by searching the keyword "Fumaria" using databases such as SciFinder, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Based on our reading of these papers, Fumaria species appear to be a source of bioactive isoquinoline alkaloids and ethnomedicines. The lack of studies on pharmacological mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, quality control, and toxicology are discussed in this review. There is great potential for broader medicinal applications of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifei Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; PhD Program in Biology, Biochemistry, and Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xingyun Chai
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Grosu E, Ichim MC. Turning Meadow Weeds Into Valuable Species for the Romanian Ethnomedicine While Complying With the Environmentally Friendly Farming Requirements of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:529. [PMID: 32390852 PMCID: PMC7191034 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The cross-compliance mechanism of the European Union (EU)'s common agricultural policy (CAP) makes the approval of the direct payments to the European farmers subject to compliance with the requirement to maintain the land in good agricultural and environmental condition. One of the obligations of the Romanian land owners and farmers is to avoid the installation of unwanted vegetation on their land plots. This vegetation is represented by some species of herbaceous or woody plants, annual or perennial, that spontaneously invade the agricultural lands, diminishing the production capacity of the cultivated plants. Included in this category are 10 meadow weeds, without fodder value or even toxic to animals: Arctium lappa L., Carduus nutans L., Conium maculatum L., Eryngium campestre L., Euphorbia cyparissias L., Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, Rumex acetosella L., Veratrum album L., Xanthium spinosum L., and Xanthium strumarium L. Various and multiple uses in traditional medicine of these meadow weed species have been reported for Romania and other nine neighboring East European countries, i.e. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Kosovo, Russia, Turkey, Serbia, and Ukraine. For A. lappa were recorded the highest number of ethnomedicinal uses, in the largest number of East European countries, including Romania. C. maculatum and V. album are not recommended for human consumption but can be further investigated as potential sources of pharmaceutically active compounds. Once removed by landowners and farmers from their land, the raw plant material of these 10 species become readily and easily available to the Romanian local communities and the industry of herbal food supplements, while the biodiversity of the agro-ecosystems is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grosu
- "Stejarul" Research Centre for Biological Sciences, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Piatra Neamt, Romania
| | - Mihael Cristin Ichim
- "Stejarul" Research Centre for Biological Sciences, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Piatra Neamt, Romania
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Sümer E, Senturk GE, Demirel ÖU, Yesilada E. Comparative biochemical and histopathological evaluations proved that receptacle is the most effective part of Cynara scolymus against liver and kidney damages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112458. [PMID: 31809787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The liver and kidney are among the most important organs in the body, where metabolic and elimination functions take place. During this process, liver and kidneys may suffer damage due to ingestion or formation of toxic metabolites leading to organ loss and even death. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) leaf has long been recognized as a popular herbal remedy in traditional medicines with beneficial effects on liver. AIM OF THE STUDY In phytotherapy leaves are the part used to support the liver functions and for treatment of damage induced by various toxins, while fleshy receptacle is cooked as meal to support liver homeostasis. However, effects of other plant parts on liver such as stems, bracts have not much attracted the attention of scientific community so far. In this study we investigated comparatively the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of different plant parts of artichoke, i.e. receptacles, outer bracts, inner bracts, and stems with that of leaves upon paracetamol-induction in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous ethanol (80%) extracts obtained from the different parts of artichoke were administered for five consecutive days after paracetamol induction to rats. At the end of experimental period blood samples from the experimental animals were taken for biochemical tests, while livers and kidneys were removed for further histopathological evaluation. RESULTS The histopathological examinations of liver and kidney tissues revealed that the receptacle and stem extracts of the artichoke were the most effective parts by improving the experimentally induced pathology in both liver and kidney. Biochemical tests also supported the histopathological data; receptacle, stem and bract extracts reduced serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels, but not alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. CONCLUSIONS Histopathological and biochemical studies have shown that receptacle and stem extracts of artichoke were found to exert higher protective activity on liver and kidney damage induced by paracetamol comparing to its bract and leaf extracts, the latest is officially recognized as herbal remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Sümer
- Yeditepe University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Phytotherapy, Ataşehir, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gözde Erkanli Senturk
- Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Unay Demirel
- Bahçeşehir University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kadıköy, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Erdem Yesilada
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Ataşehir, 34755, İstanbul, Turkey.
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10
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Lima IR, Silva IB, Lima RML, Silva TMS, Maia MBS, Leite SP. HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF INDIGOFERA SUFFRUTICOSA (MILL) ON PARACETAMOL-INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN MICE. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2019; 56:333-338. [PMID: 31721967 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.201900000-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indigofera suffruticosa Mill (Fabaceae) is abundant in northeastern Brazil and popularly used in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory processes. Several biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antitumor, hepatoprotective and low toxicity, are reported for this plant. OBJECTIVE This study investigated hepatoprotective activity and the antioxidant effect of methanolic extract of I. suffruticosa leaves (MEIS) on Swiss albino mice submitted to experimental models of acetaminophen-induced liver injury. METHODS MEIS (50 mg/kg; p.o.) was standardized according to the LD50 and its hepatoprotective property on Swiss albino mice evaluated during a 7-day period. On the eighth day, the acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury was performed. Histomorphometric analysis of liver tissue, antioxidant activity and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (AST), aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) and bilirubin were measured. RESULTS MEIS (50 mg/kg; p.o.) restored serum enzyme levels and results were close to those of positive control (silymarin) when compared to the negative control. Histopathological and histomorphometric analyzes confirmed MEIS hepatoprotective activity, showing reorganization of structural units of cells, nuclei and sinusoidal capillaries of hepatocytes, reducing the damage on liver tissue and increasing organ regeneration rate. MEIS showed high antioxidant potential at concentrations of 1000 and 500 µg/mL. CONCLUSION This study suggests that MEIS has hepatoprotective activity and high antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Rangel Lima
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Histomoformetria, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Ivanise Brito Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Histomoformetria, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Roberta M Leite Lima
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Histomoformetria, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Tainá M Santos Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Histomoformetria, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Maria B Sousa Maia
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Bioativos, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Brasil
| | - Sônia Pereira Leite
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Histomoformetria, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia Recife, PE, Brasil
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Vahidi-Eyrisofla N, Hojati V, Yazdian MR, Zendehdel M, Shajiee H. Effects of Olive Leaf Extract on Prevention of Molecular, Histopathological, and Enzymatic Changes in Chicken Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Damage. Galen Med J 2019; 8:e1204. [PMID: 34466471 PMCID: PMC8343934 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v8i0.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today, the use of additives such as antibiotics and growth hormones that increase production efficiency in breeding broiler chickens has become inevitable. However, the use of such additives and antibiotics associated with side effects such as liver damage. Oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. Studies have shown that olive leaves have an antioxidant effect on free radicals. This study was to evaluate the possible effect of olive leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced liver damage (molecular and tissue) and changes of enzymes in chickens. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 50 chickens were used and classified into5 groups. Treatment groups received 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/kg of the olive leaf extract from day 21 of the experiment. Two control groups-healthy and poisoned-did not receive any extract. On the day 35 of the experiment, 1cc of CCL4 was dissolved with olive oil and injected intraperitoneally into the experimental and poisoned control groups. Blood and liver tissue sampling were performed. RESULTS The histopathology results showed that at high doses of olive leaf extract, the cells and vessels were regularly curable, and sinusoids were healthy. The expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) increased, and that of BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID )decreased. Enzymatic tests, including serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, showed a reduction in BID expression in the experimental group compared with the control group(P<0.005). CONCLUSION We concluded that olive leaf extract boosts the BCL2 -an antiapoptotic gene-and reduces BID -an apoptosis gene-in the liver of chicken. It prevents the liver cells from disintegrating and destroys sinusoids and liver blood vessels. The high doses of the olive leaf extract caused liver resistance to CCL4 toxicity in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vida Hojati
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Zendehdel
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Shajiee
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
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LC-MS/MS Analysis and Hepatoprotective Activity of Artichoke ( Cynara scolymus L.) Leaves Extract against High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4851279. [PMID: 31240213 PMCID: PMC6556340 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4851279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cynara scolymus L. (Artichoke) has been used for the treatment of metabolic disorders. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Cynara scolymus leaves extract against a high fat diet (HFD) induced rats. This study investigated the most abundant phenolic compounds rich Cynara scolymus leaves extract and it is antihypercholesterolemic and antioxidative effects in vivo. The hypercaloric high fat diet (HFD) was treated with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of ethanol extract (EEA) from leaves of Cynara and atorvastatin (ATOR) (10 mg/kg/day) during an 8-week period. Lipid profile was measured and oxidative stress systematic in hepatic tissue was determined. Our data revealed that HFD-induced hepatic dysfunction manifested by significant abnormal levels of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, and OCT was accompanied by increasing levels of oxidative stress biomarker (ROS, MDA, and AOPP) while decreasing in antioxidant status. Coadministration of EEA significantly reduced serum lipid profile and hepatic disorders which was confirmed to be histological by reducing the fatty liver deposition in hepatic lobule. These findings suggest that Cynara leaves exert antiobesity and antioxidant liver effects in HFD-induced obese rats.
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Varut RM, Gîrd CE, Rotaru LT, Varut MC, Pisoschi CG. Evaluation of Polyphenol and Flavonoid Profiles and the Antioxidant Effect of Carduus Acanthoides Hydroalcoholic Extract Compared with Vaccinium Myrtillus in an Animal Model of Diabetes Mellitus. Pharm Chem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-018-1746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Karakuş A, Değer Y, Yıldırım S. Protective effect of Silybum marianum and Taraxacum officinale extracts against oxidative kidney injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Ren Fail 2017; 39:1-6. [PMID: 27845613 PMCID: PMC6014527 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1244070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of the extracts of the plants Silybum marianum and Taraxacum officinale by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was researched. Sixty-six female Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups: Control, Silybum marianum, Taraxacum officinale, CCl4, Silybum marianum+ CCl4, Taraxacum officinale+CCl4. The Silybum marianum and Taraxacum officinale extracts were administered as 100 mg/kg/day by gavage. The CCl4 was administered as 1.5 mL/kg (i.p.). At the end of the trial period, in the serums obtained from the animals, in the CCl4 group it was found that the MDA level increased in the kidney tissue samples as well as in the ALP and GGT enzyme activities. It was also found that the GSH level and the GST enzyme activities decreased (p<.05). The microscopic evaluations showed that the CCl4 caused a serious hydropic degeneration, coagulation necrosis, and mono-nuclear cell infiltration in the kidney cell. In the animals where CCl4 and Silybum marianum and Taraxacum officinale extracts were applied together, it was found that the serum ALP and GGT enzyme activities decreased and that the MDA level decreased in the kidney tissue, and that the GSH level and GST enzyme activities increased. It was observed that the histopathological changes caused by the CCl4 toxicity were corrected by applying the extracts. Eventually, it was determined that the Silybum marianum was more effective. Silybum marianum and Taraxacum officinale extracts which were used against histopathological changes in the kidney caused by toxication showed a corrective effect, which were supported by biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Karakuş
- Vocational School of Health Services, Hakkari University, Hakkari, Turkey
| | - Yeter Değer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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15
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Mocelin R, Marcon M, Santo GD, Zanatta L, Sachett A, Schönell AP, Bevilaqua F, Giachini M, Chitolina R, Wildner SM, Duarte MM, Conterato GM, Piato AL, Gomes DB, Roman Junior WA. Hypolipidemic and antiatherogenic effects of Cynara scolymus in cholesterol-fed rats. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Elgengaihi S, Mossa ATH, Refaie AA, Aboubaker D. Hepatoprotective Efficacy of Cichorium intybus L. Extract Against Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Liver Damage in Rats. J Diet Suppl 2016; 13:570-84. [PMID: 26913368 DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2016.1144230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess the phytochemical and hepatoprotective activity of different extracts of dried herb of Cichorium intybus L. against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxicated male albino rats. The hepatoprotective activity of different extracts at 500 mg/kg body weight was compared with carbon tetrachloride-treated animals. The animals were divided into five groups with six animals in each group. The first group represents control, the second group received carbon tetrachloride, the third received C. intybus, and the fourth group received C. intybus plus carbon tetrachloride. The fifth group received silymarin as hepato-slandered drug. There were significant changes in serum biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, albumin, total protein, and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats, which were restored towards normal values in C. intybus-treated animals. Histopathological examination of liver tissues further substantiated these findings. In conclusion, of this investigation, the results ascertain that the herb extracts of C. intybus possess significant hepatoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad Elgengaihi
- a Medicinal & Aromatic Plants Department , National Research Centre (NRC) , Dokki , Giza , Egypt
| | - Abdel-Tawab H Mossa
- b Environmental Toxicology Research Unit (ETRU), Pesticide Chemistry Department , National Research Centre (NRC) , Dokki , Giza , Egypt
| | - Amel A Refaie
- b Environmental Toxicology Research Unit (ETRU), Pesticide Chemistry Department , National Research Centre (NRC) , Dokki , Giza , Egypt
| | - Doha Aboubaker
- a Medicinal & Aromatic Plants Department , National Research Centre (NRC) , Dokki , Giza , Egypt
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Deliorman Orhan D, Hartevioğlu A, Orhan N, Berkkan A, Gökbulut A, Günhan Ö, Pekcan M. Subacute Effects of Standardized F
umaria Vaillantii
Lois. Ethanol Extract on Trace Element Levels, Biochemical and Histopathological Parameters in Experimental Liver Toxicity. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Didem Deliorman Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Gazi University; Etiler Ankara 06330 Turkey
| | - Ali Hartevioğlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Gazi University; Etiler Ankara 06330 Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Gazi University; Etiler Ankara 06330 Turkey
| | - Aysel Berkkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Gazi University; Etiler Ankara 06330 Turkey
| | - Alper Gökbulut
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Ömer Günhan
- Department of Pathology; Gülhane Military Medical Academy; Ankara Turkey
| | - Mert Pekcan
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
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Orhan IE, Ozturk N, Sener B. Antiprotozoal assessment and phenolic acid profiling of five Fumaria (fumitory) species. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:283-6. [PMID: 25975499 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore some Fumaria species which were recorded to be traditionally used against malaria and other protozoal diseases. METHODS Consequently, in the current study, antiprotozoal effect of the ethanol extracts obtained from five Fumaria species (Fumaria densiflora, Fumaria cilicica, Fumaria rostellata, Fumaria kralikii, and Fumaria parviflora) was investigated against the parasites; Plasmodium falciparum (malaria) and Trypanosoma bruceirhodesiense (human African trypanosomiasis) at 0.81 and 4.85 μg/mL concentrations. RESULTS Among them, Fumaria densiflora extract exerted the highest antiplasmodial (93.80%) and antitrypanasomal effect (55.40%), while the ethanol extracts of Fumaria kralikii (43.45%) and Fumaria rostellata (41.65%) showed moderate activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Besides, phenolic acid contents of the extracts were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and trans-cinnamic (4.32 mg/g) and caffeic (3.71 mg/g) acids were found to be the dominant phenolic acids in Fumaria densiflora. CONCLUSIONS According to our results, Fumaria densiflora deserve further study for its promising antiprotozoal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nilgun Ozturk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Bilge Sener
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
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Eljounaidi K, Cankar K, Comino C, Moglia A, Hehn A, Bourgaud F, Bouwmeester H, Menin B, Lanteri S, Beekwilder J. Cytochrome P450s from Cynara cardunculus L. CYP71AV9 and CYP71BL5, catalyze distinct hydroxylations in the sesquiterpene lactone biosynthetic pathway. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 223:59-68. [PMID: 24767116 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cynara cardunculus (Asteraceae) is a cross pollinated perennial crop which includes the two cultivated taxa globe artichoke and cultivated cardoon. The leaves of these plants contain high concentrations of sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) among which cynaropicrin is the most represented, and has recently attracted attention because of its therapeutic potential as anti-tumor and anti-photoaging agent. Costunolide is considered the common precursor of the STLs and three enzymes are involved in its biosynthetic pathway: i.e. the germacrene A synthase (GAS), the germacrene A oxidase (GAO) and the costunolide synthase (COS). Here we report on the isolation of two P450 genes, (i.e. CYP71AV9 and CYP71BL5), in a set of ∼19,000 C. cardunculus unigenes, and their functional characterization in yeast and in planta. The metabolite analyses revealed that the co-expression of CYP71AV9 together with GAS resulted in the biosynthesis of germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oic acid in yeast. The co-expression of CYP71BL5 and CYP71AV9 with GAS led to biosynthesis of the free costunolide in yeast and costunolide conjugates in Nicotiana benthamiana, demonstrating their involvement in STL biosynthesis as GAO and COS enzymes. The substrate specificity of CYP71AV9 was investigated by testing its ability to convert amorpha-4,11-diene, (+)-germacrene D and cascarilladiene to their oxidized products when co-expressed in yeast with the corresponding terpene synthases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouthar Eljounaidi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Via L. da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Katarina Cankar
- Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 658, 6700AR Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cinzia Comino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Via L. da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Andrea Moglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Via L. da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Alain Hehn
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Agronomie et Environnement, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, UMR 1121 Agronomie et Environnement, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Frédéric Bourgaud
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Agronomie et Environnement, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, UMR 1121 Agronomie et Environnement, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 658, 6700AR Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Menin
- PTP/Rice Genomics Unit, Via Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Sergio Lanteri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Via L. da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Jules Beekwilder
- Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Making Progress in Plant Proteomics for Improved Food Safety. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62650-9.00006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Liu SK, Que S, Cheng W, Zhang QY, Ye M, Liang H. Two new glycosides from Carduus acanthoides. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2013; 15:1243-1248. [PMID: 24180213 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2013.837452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two new glycosides, syringic acid-4-O-β-L-arabinopyranoside and kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, were isolated from whole plants of Carduus acanthoides (Asteraceae), and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui-Ku Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , 100191 , China
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Artichoke and Cynar liqueur: Two (not quite) entangled proteomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:119-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Mosaddegh M, Esmaeili S, Naghibi F, Hamzeloo Moghadam M, Haeri A, Pirani A, Moazzeni H. Ethnomedical Survey and Cytotoxic Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts Used in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province in Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10496475.2012.671801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mello JC, Guimarães NSS, Gonzalez MVD, Paiva JS, Prieto T, Nascimento OR, Rodrigues T. Hydroxyl scavenging activity accounts for differential antioxidant protection of Plantago major against oxidative toxicity in isolated rat liver mitochondria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:1177-87. [PMID: 22775221 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to study the effects of P. major against the oxidative damage of isolated rat liver mitochondria. METHODS The extracts were obtained using methanol (MeOH), ethyl acetate (EAc), dichloromethane (DCM), and hexane (Hex) as solvents. KEY FINDINGS Hex, DCM, and EAc totally, and MeOH partially, inhibited ROS generation and lipid peroxidation of membranes induced by Fe(2+) or t-BOOH. However, only MeOH was able to prevent the t-BOOH-induced glutathione and NAD(P)H oxidation. All extracts chelated Fe(2+) and reduced DPP Hradicals. EPR analysis revealed that P. major exhibited potent scavenger activity for hydroxyl radicals. CONCLUSIONS The potent antioxidant activity exhibited by P. major was able to prevent oxidative mitochondrial damage, contributing to the understanding of its hepatoprotective action against ROS-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce C Mello
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
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Orhan IE, Şener B, Musharraf SG. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity appraisal of four selected Fumaria species and their total phenol and flavonoid quantities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:205-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mustafa B, Hajdari A, Krasniqi F, Hoxha E, Ademi H, Quave CL, Pieroni A. Medical ethnobotany of the Albanian Alps in Kosovo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2012; 8:6. [PMID: 22284581 PMCID: PMC3285519 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-8-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnobotanical studies are crucial in South-Eastern Europe for fostering local development and also for investigating the dynamics of Traditional Environmental Knowledge (TEK) related to plants in one of the most crucial European hotspots for biocultural diversity. The current medico-ethnobotanical survey was conducted in rural alpine communities in Kosovo. The aims of the study were twofold: 1) to document the state of TEK of medicinal plants in these communities; 2) to compare these findings with that of similar field studies previously conducted among local populations inhabiting the Montenegrin and Albanian side of the same Alpine range. METHODS Field research was conducted in 36 villages on the Kosovar side of the Albanian Alps. Snowball sampling techniques were used to recruit 91 elderly informants (≥ 50 years-old) for participation in semi-structured interviews and structured surveys regarding the use of the local flora for medicinal and food purposes. Standard ethnobotanical methods were employed and prior informed consent was obtained for all study participants. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The uses of 98 plants species belonging to 39 families were recorded; the most quoted botanical families were Rosaceae, Asteraceae, and Lamiaceae. Mainly decoctions and infusions were quoted as folk medicinal preparations and the most common uses referred to gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders, as well as illnesses of the uro-genital system. Among the most uncommon medicinal taxa quoted by the informants, Carduus nutans L., Echinops bannaticus Rochel ex Schrad., and Orlaya grandiflora Hoffm. may merit phytochemical and phytopharmacological investigations.Comparison of the data with other ethnobotanical field studies recently conducted on the Albanian and Montenegrin sides of the same Alps has shown a remarkable link between the medical ethnobotany of Montenegrin and Kosovar side of the Albanian Alps. Moreover, folk uses of the most quoted wild medicinal taxa recorded in Kosovo often include those recorded both in Albania and in Montenegro, thus suggesting a hybrid character of the Kosovar local plant knowledge. This may be also explained with the fact that Montenegro and Kosovo, despite their differences in the ethnic composition, have shared a common history during the last Century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behxhet Mustafa
- Department of Biology, University of Prishtina, Mother Teresa, Prishtinë, Kosovo
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Park J, Kim HY, Lee SM. Protective effects of Moutan Cortex Radicis against acute hepatotoxicity. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2011; 8:220-5. [PMID: 22754078 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5s.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential beneficial effect of Moutan Cortex Radicis (MCR) in a murine model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-, D-galactosamine (GalN)- and α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced liver injury. Acute hepatotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl(4) (10 µL/kg), GalN (700 mg/kg), and ANIT (40 mg/kg). Animals received MCR (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg ) orally at 48, 24, and 2 h before and 6 h after administration of CCl(4), GalN, and ANIT. Serum activities of aminotransferase were significantly higher at 24 h after CCl(4) or GalN treatment. These changes were attenuated by MCR. Histopathological analysis revealed multiple and extensive areas of portal inflammation, hepatocellular necrosis, and an increase in inflammatory cell infiltration. These changes were inhibited by MCR. Serum total bilirubin concentration increased and bile flow decreased significantly 48 h after ANIT treatment, which was attenuated by MCR. Our results suggest that MCR has a protective effect on acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Ishida K, Kojima R, Tsuboi M, Tsuda Y, Ito M. Effects of artichoke leaf extract on acute gastric mucosal injury in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:223-9. [PMID: 20118544 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to clarify the effects of an ethanol extract of artichoke leaf on acute gastric mucosal injury in rats. Oral administration of artichoke leaf extract dose-dependently prevented absolute ethanol-induced (125-500 mg/kg) or restraint plus water immersion stress-induced gastric mucosal injury (1000-2000 mg/kg). The artichoke leaf extract contains 1% cynaropicrin and 0.8% chlorogenic acid as main components and 70% dextrin as a vehicle. Cynaropicrin at doses of 1/100 of artichoke leaf extract [ethanol-induced mucosal injury: 5 mg/kg, per os (p.o.); stress-induced mucosal injury: 20 mg/kg, p.o.] also prevented gastric mucosal injury in both animal models. However, dextrin and chlorogenic acid at doses contained in the leaf extract were ineffective in both models. When artichoke leaf extract was given orally to normal rats, it (500-2000 mg/kg, p.o.) dose-dependently increased gastric mucus content. In addition, it (125-500 mg/kg, p.o.) dose-dependently prevented the decrease in gastric mucus content by absolute ethanol. When the effects of artichoke leaf extract on basal gastric acid secretion in rats were evaluated, it (500-2000 mg/kg, p.o.) dose-dependently increased the volume of gastric juice in normal rats. However, it was ineffective in decreasing basal gastric acid secretion in normal rats. These results indicate that artichoke leaf extract is effective against acute gastritis and its beneficial effect is due to that of cynaropicrin. The gastric mucus-increasing action of artichoke leaf extract may be, at least in part, related to the anti-gastritic action of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Ishida
- Laboratory of Analytical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Environmental and Human Sciences, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
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Küskü-Kiraz Z, Mehmetçik G, Dogru-Abbasoglu S, Uysal M. Artichoke leaf extract reduces oxidative stress and lipoprotein dyshomeostasis in rats fed on high cholesterol diet. Phytother Res 2010; 24:565-70. [PMID: 19777605 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia and lipid peroxidation play complementary role in atherosclerosis. Artichoke leaf extract (ALE) is rich in natural antioxidants and has a cholesterol-reducing effect. However, there is no study investigating the effect of ALE on lipid levels and lipid peroxidation in experimental hypercholesterolemic conditions. Rats were fed on 4% (w/w) cholesterol and 1% (w/w) cholic acid supplemented diet for 1 month. ALE (1.5 g/kg/day) was given by gavage during the last 2 weeks. Serum lipid composition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugate (DC) levels and plasma antioxidant activity (AOA) were measured. In addition, endogenous DC and copper-induced MDA levels were determined in apo B-containing lipoproteins (LDL+VLDL fraction). Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and the ratio of cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol decreased due to ALE treatment in rats fed on HC diet. Significant decreases in serum MDA and DC levels and increases in plasma AOA were detected in serum in ALE-treated hypercholesterolemic rats. Endogenous DC and copper-induced MDA levels were also lower in LDL+VLDL fraction due to ALE-treatment in hypercholesterolemic rats. Our results indicate that ALE may be useful for the prevention of hypercholesterolemia-induced pro-oxidant state in LDL+VLDL fraction and the reduction of increased serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Küskü-Kiraz
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
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Küçükgergin C, Aydin AF, Ozdemirler-Erata G, Mehmetçik G, Koçak-Toker N, Uysal M. Effect of artichoke leaf extract on hepatic and cardiac oxidative stress in rats fed on high cholesterol diet. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 135:264-74. [PMID: 19652921 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia and lipid peroxidation play complementary roles in atherosclerosis. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L., Asteraceae) leaf extract (ALE), rich in antioxidants, has cholesterol-reducing effect. We investigated the effect of ALE on serum and hepatic lipid levels and pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance in the liver and heart of hypercholesterolemic rats. Rats were fed on 4% (w/w) cholesterol and 1% cholic acid (w/w) supplemented diet for 1 month. ALE (1.5 g/kg/day) was given by gavage during the last 2 weeks. High cholesterol (HC) diet caused significant increases in serum and liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels. It increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugate (DC) levels in both tissues. Hepatic vitamin E levels and hepatic and cardiac glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities decreased, but superoxide dismutase and glutathione transferase activities, glutathione, and vitamin C levels remained unchanged due to HC diet. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and ratio of cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol decreased in ALE plus HC-treated rats, but liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels remained unchanged. Significant decreases in hepatic and cardiac MDA and DC levels and increases in hepatic vitamin E and GSH-Px activities were observed in ALE-treated hypercholesterolemic rats. Our results indicate that ALE decreases serum lipids and hypercholesterolemia-induced pro-oxidant state in both tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Küçükgergin
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Capa, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
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Mehmetçik G, Ozdemirler G, Koçak-Toker N, Cevikbaş U, Uysal M. Effect of pretreatment with artichoke extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury and oxidative stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 60:475-80. [PMID: 18583118 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2008.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Revised: 04/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Artichoke is a plant with antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of artichoke extract pretreatment on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. Rats were given artichoke leaf extract (1.5g/kg/day) by gavage for 2 weeks and after then CCl4 (1ml/kg; i.p.) was applied. All rats were killed 24h after the CCl4 injection. CCl4 administration resulted in hepatic necrosis and significant increases in plasma transaminase activities as well as hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugate (DC) levels in the liver of rats. Glutathione (GSH) and vitamin C levels decreased, but vitamin E levels increased in the liver of CCl4-treated rats. Hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities remained unchanged, but glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione transferase (GST) activities decreased following CCl4 treatment. In rats pretreated with artichoke extract, significant decreases in plasma transaminase activities and amelioration in histopathological changes in the liver were observed following CCl4 treatment as compared to CCl4-treated rats. In addition, hepatic MDA and DC levels decreased, but GSH levels and GSH-Px activities increased without any change in other antioxidant parameters following CCl4 treatment in artichoke-pretreated rats. The present findings indicate that in vivo architoke extract administration may be useful for the prevention of oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Kim HJ, Lee JW, Ji YJ, Yu MH, Park JH, Lee KD, Lee IS. Antioxidant Effects of Red Ginseng Powder on Liver of Benzo(α)Pyrene-Treated Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.5.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Orhan DD, Aslan M, Aktay G, Ergun E, Yesilada E, Ergun F. Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of Gentiana olivieri herbs on subacute administration and isolation of active principle. Life Sci 2003; 72:2273-83. [PMID: 12628447 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hepatoprotective effect of Gentiana olivieri Griseb. (Gentianaceae) flowering herbs on subacute administration were studied using in vivo models in rats. For the activity assessment on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage following biochemical parameters were evaluated; plasma and hepatic tissue malondialdehyde formation, and liver tissue glutathione level, as well as plasma transaminase enzyme levels (aspartate transferase and alanine transferase). Results of biochemical tests were also confirmed by histopathological examination. Through bioassay-guided fractionation procedures isoorientin, a known C-glycosylflavone, was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction as the active antihepatotoxic constituent by silica gel column chromatography. Isoorientin exhibited significant hepatoprotective effect at 15 mg/kg b.w. dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Deliorman Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler 06330, Ankara, Turkey
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