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Oliveira JV, Almeida GC, Nogueira MCBL, Aguiar Júnior FCA, Melo AO, Silva TDS, Santos NPS, Magalhães NSS, Melo SJ, Falcão EPS. 4-amino-2-phenyl-6-(p-fluorophenyl)-5-carbonitrile-pyrimidine-bis-substituted-loaded liposomes as promising system for cancer treatment. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20211078. [PMID: 37436228 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320211078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to perform in vitro and in vivo assessments of the antineoplastic action of 4-amino-pyrimidine encapsulated in liposomes. Liposomes were prepared and characterized for particle size and drug encapsulation and submitted to long-term stability tests. Cytotoxicity assays were performed in HeLa cells. Antineoplastic activity was investigated using the experimental sarcoma 180 tumor in Swiss albino mice. Encapsulation efficiency was 82.93 ± 0.04% and no significant changes were found with respect to particle size or pH after centrifugation and mechanical agitation tests. The in vitro results at concentration of 20 μg/mL indicated a considerable reduction in cell viability after treatment with encapsulated pyrimidine (75.91%). The in vivo assays using the compounds in encapsulated and free forms and 5-fluorouracil achieved tumor inhibition rates of 66.47 ± 26.8%, 50.46 ± 16.24% and 14.47 ± 9.22%, respectively. Mitotic counts demonstrated a greater reduction in the number of mitoses in animals treated with liposomal pyrimidine (32.15%) compared to those treated with the pyrimidine free (87.69%) and 5-fluorouracil (71.39%). This study demonstrated that the development of liposome formulations containing 4-amino-pyrimidine is a promising alternative for overcoming limitations related to the toxicity of current cancer treatment, ensuring greater therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice V Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Humana, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Rua Alto do Reservatório, s/n, Alto José Leal, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Gleybson C Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Gaduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Prédio das Pós-Graduações do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida da Engenharia, s/n, 2° Andar, Cidade Universitária, 50740-600 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mariane C B L Nogueira
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo-Asami (LIKA), Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 55670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Laboratório de Nanotecnologia, Biotecnologia e Cultura de Células, Rua Alto do Reservatório, s/n, Alto José Leal, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Francisco C A Aguiar Júnior
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fármacos, Rua Alto do Reservatório, s/n, Alto José Leal, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Audenes O Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Humana, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Rua Alto do Reservatório, s/n, Alto José Leal, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Thiago D S Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Rodovia Mário Covas, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Noemia P S Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Humana, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Rua Alto do Reservatório, s/n, Alto José Leal, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo-Asami (LIKA), Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 55670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Nereide S S Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-Gaduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Prédio das Pós-Graduações do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida da Engenharia, s/n, 2° Andar, Cidade Universitária, 50740-600 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo-Asami (LIKA), Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 55670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Sebastião J Melo
- Programa de Pós-Gaduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Prédio das Pós-Graduações do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida da Engenharia, s/n, 2° Andar, Cidade Universitária, 50740-600 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Antibióticos, Laboratório de Química e Síntese de Produtos Naturais, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Emerson P S Falcão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Humana, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Rua Alto do Reservatório, s/n, Alto José Leal, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
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Doğan Çalhan S, Görmez Ö, Aktaş Şüküroğlu A, Saçlı B, Gözmen B. Removal of imipramine using advanced oxidation processes: Degradation products and toxicity evolution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2023; 58:359-368. [PMID: 36892144 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2187186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are frequently detected in natural and wastewater bodies, and are very important in environmental toxicology because of their stable nature. Advanced oxidation methods used to remove contaminants are of great benefit, especially removing pharmaceuticals unsuitable for biodegradation. In this study, imipramine was degraded by anodic oxidation and subcritical water oxidation, which are advanced oxidation methods. The determination of degradation products was performed by Q-TOF LC/MS analysis. The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the degradation samples were determined by the in vivo Allium Cepa method. Among the anodic oxidation samples, the lowest cytotoxicity was obtained after using 400 mA current, and 420 min of degradation time. No cytotoxic effect was observed in any subcritical water oxidation sample. However, when 10 mM hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant was used at 150 °C and the reaction time was 90 min, the subcritical water oxidation sample showed a genotoxic effect. The results of the study showed that it is crucial to evaluate the toxicity levels of the degradation products and which advanced oxidation methods are preferred for removing imipramine. The optimum conditions determined for both oxidation methods can be used as a preliminary step for biological oxidation methods in the degradation of imipramine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Doğan Çalhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Özkan Görmez
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ayça Aktaş Şüküroğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Barış Saçlı
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Belgin Gözmen
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Huang J, Hao J, Nie J, Qian R, Li H, Zhao J, Wang Y. Possible Mechanism of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants Seed Extract Suppresses the Migration and Invasion of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells SMMC-7721. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200768. [PMID: 36694378 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mexican tea (Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants) is rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids and could be a potential medicinal herb that can be used for prevention of human hepatocellular carcinoma. The objective of this study was to elaborate the possible mechanism for the prevention or treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma using Mexican tea, and to provide new avenues for the utilization of the invasive plant. In this study, the D. ambrosioides seed extracts (CSE) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the effects of CSE on proliferation, migration, invasion, and gene expression of SMMC-7721 cells were investigated. Eight compounds were identified in CSE, and the compound with the highest content was ascaridole (25.82 %). The proliferation was significantly inhibited by CSE (p<0.05), and IC50 values were 0.587 g/L, 0.360 g/L, and 0.361 g/L at 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h, respectively. Migration and invasion were significantly inhibited (p<0.05). The network pharmacology and transcriptome analysis indicated that 2-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-one, cis-11-eicosenoic acid and 2-ethylcyclohexanone might be the active compounds. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the Wnt signaling pathway, which is related to migration and invasion, was significantly altered; this was verified by western blot assay. The expression of wnt11, lef1 and mmp7 genes in SMMC-7721 cells was significantly down-regulated (p<0.05), while gsk-3β was significantly up-regulated (p<0.05). These results indicate that CSE inhibits the invasion and migration of SMMC-7721 cells in hepatocellular carcinoma through the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Junmei Hao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Jintao Nie
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Ruihua Qian
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Haiying Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
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Eckert GL, Smaniotto TÂ, Dartora N, Pelegrin CMGD, Baroni S. The chemical composition of different leaf extracts of Lantana fucata Lindl. influences its cytotoxic potential: A study using the Allium cepa model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115003. [PMID: 35051606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE One of the most popular plants used to treat diseases in Brazil is Lantana fucata. Like most herbal medicines, its consumption is based on popular knowledge, which, despite being considered effective, may cause side effects. AIM OF THE STUDY Since the scientific data on the pharmacological properties of L. fucata are still incipient, this research aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of different types of extracts (infusion, aqueous and hydroalcoholic), characterizing them chemically. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxicity assay was performed by the A. cepa model. The cytotoxicity parameters studied were number of dividing cells and percentage mitotic index (%MI). RESULTS The result of the A. cepa assay showed that there was a decrease in the number of dividing cells and the percentage mitotic index as concentrations increased, for all extracts, indicating cytotoxicity. However, the hydroalcoholic extract was the most cytotoxic. Chromatography analysis allowed the characterization of secondary metabolites in the extracts, which were very similar. However, a greater abundance of flavonoids and triterpenoids was observed in the hydroalcoholic extract, suggesting that these compounds are responsible for its greater toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Since the highest doses of extracts showed to have a cytotoxic effect, it is suggested that the ingestion of this species occurs in a moderate way.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nessana Dartora
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Cerro Largo, Brazil.
| | - Carla Maria Garlet de Pelegrin
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Cerro Largo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambientes e Tecnologias Sustentáveis (UFFS), Brazil.
| | - Suzymeire Baroni
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Cerro Largo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambientes e Tecnologias Sustentáveis (UFFS), Brazil.
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Kasali FM, Kadima JN, Tusiimire J, Ajayi CO, Agaba AG. Effects of the Oral Administration of Aqueous and Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Amaranthaceae) on Blood Glucose Levels in Wistar Rats. J Exp Pharmacol 2022; 14:139-148. [PMID: 35502164 PMCID: PMC9056057 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s356564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that poses a major global health threat. The current diabetes mellitus uses insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents, which have limitations, including adverse effects and secondary failures. Herbal medicine is being evaluated for its role in the pharmacotherapy of diabetes. This study was aimed to assess the anti-diabetic potential and short-term toxicity level of Chenopodium ambrosioides collected from Bukavu in Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods Leaves of C. ambrosioides were extracted by infusion and maceration with distilled water and 95% methanol, respectively. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic potentials of the aqueous and methanolic were investigated in normoglycemic and intraperitoneal glucose-loaded rats at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight. An oral acute toxicity test was carried out on healthy female Wistar rats. Results Acute toxicity test showed the mean lethal dose (LD50) for both aqueous and methanol extracts of C. ambrosioides to be more than 2000 mg/kg. The group treated with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.w) and aqueous extract of the plant (200 mg/kg b.w) showed a significant reduction (p< 0.0001 and p< 0.05) of fasting blood glucose by 46.91% and 16.72%, respectively, compared to control and all other treatment groups. In acute conditions, a single oral administration of the aqueous and methanolic extracts lowered fasting blood glucose in rats. Any manifestation and signs of toxicity and mortality have been recorded for 14 days of observation. Conclusion Leaf aqueous and methanolic extracts of C. ambrosioides appeared safe at 2000 mg/kg. The plant demonstrated some anti-diabetic potential in rats, explaining its use as an anti-diabetic remedy locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félicien Mushagalusa Kasali
- Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Pharmacy, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Pharmacy, Official University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Correspondence: Félicien Mushagalusa Kasali, Pharm-Bio Technology, and Traditional Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda, Tel +256 750919712, Email
| | | | - Jonans Tusiimire
- Department of Pharmacy, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Clement Olusoji Ajayi
- Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Pharmacy, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Amon Ganafa Agaba
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Ethnomedical uses, chemical constituents, and evidence-based pharmacological properties of Chenopodium ambrosioides L.: extensive overview. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00306-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The Chenopodium genus is a plant family widely spread worldwide that includes various plant species reputed to possess several medicinal virtues in folk medicines. Chenopodium ambrosioides L. is among the most used plants in traditional medicines worldwide. This review aimed to highlight ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical status, and pharmacological properties of C. ambrosioides L.
Main body of the abstract
The analysis of relevant data highlights various ethnomedicinal uses against human and veterinary diseases in forty countries. Most indications consisted of gastrointestinal tract dysfunctioning troubles and worms parasitemia. Around 330 chemical compounds have been identified in different plant parts, especially in its essential oil fractions (59.84%). However, only a few compounds—mainly monoterpenes and glycosides—have been isolated and characterized. Experimental pharmacological studies validated a large scale of significant health benefits. It appeared that many monoterpenes are antioxidant, insecticidal, trypanocidal, analgesic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, acaricidal, amoebicidal, anthelmintic, anticancer, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antifertility, antifungal, anti-leishmanial, antimalarial, antipyretic, antisickling, antischistosomal, antiulcer, anxiolytic, immunomodulatory, molluscicidal, and vasorelaxant agents.
Short conclusion
Thus, the Chenopodium ambrosioides species necessitates further chemical studies to isolate and characterize new bioactive secondary metabolites and pharmacological investigations to precise the mechanisms of action before clinical trials.
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Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induced by Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Essential Oil in Human Normal Liver Cell Line L02 via the Endogenous Mitochondrial Pathway Rather Than the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147469. [PMID: 34299918 PMCID: PMC8304090 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (C. ambrosioides) has been used as dietary condiments and as traditional medicine in South America. The oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (C. ambrosioides) can be used as a natural antioxidant in food processing. It also has analgesic, sedating, and deworming effects, and can be used along with the whole plant for its medical effects: decongestion, as an insecticide, and to offer menstruation pain relief. This study was conducted to investigate the cytotoxicity and apoptosis effects of an essential oil from C. ambrosioides in vitro. The cytotoxicity evaluation of the essential oil from C. ambrosioides on human normal liver cell line L02 was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. AO/EB dual fluorescent staining assay and Annexin V-FITC were used for apoptosis analysis. The changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were analyzed with 5,5,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1,3,3,-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) dye under a fluorescence microscope. The level of apoptosis related protein expression was quantified by Western blot. The L02 cells were treated with the essential oil from C. ambrosioides at 24, 48, and 72 h, and the IC50 values were 65.45, 58.03, and 35.47 μg/mL, respectively. The AO/EB staining showed that viable apoptotic cells, non-viable apoptotic cells, and non-viable non-apoptotic cells appeared among the L02 cells under the fluorescence microscope. Cell cycle arrest at the S phase and cell apoptosis increased through flow cytometry in the L02 cells treated with the essential oil. MMP decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, as seen through JC-1 staining under the fluorescence microscope. In the L02 cells as shown by Western blot and qPCR, the amount of the apoptosis-related proteins and the mRNA expression levels of cytochrome C, Bax, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 increased, Bcl-2 decreased, and Caspase-12, which is expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum, showed no obvious changes in protein amount or mRNA expression level. The essential oil form C. ambrosioides had a cytotoxic effect on L02 cells. It could inhibit L02 cell proliferation, arrest the cell cycle at the S phase, and induce L02 cell apoptosis through the endogenous mitochondrial pathway.
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Alves S, Gomes C, de Oliveira M, de Andrade W, Moreira L, Borges L, da Silva C, de Souza G, da Silva V, Valadares M, Freitas Bara M. Cytotoxicity, phagocytic activity, and leishmanicidal potential of extract standardized in geranylgeraniol obtained from the fruit of Pterodon emarginatus vogel. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_231_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Oney-Birol S. Exogenous L-Carnitine Promotes Plant Growth and Cell Division by Mitigating Genotoxic Damage of Salt Stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17229. [PMID: 31754247 PMCID: PMC6872569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
L-carnitine is a fundamental ammonium compound responsible for energy metabolism in all living organisms. It is an oxidative stress regulator, especially in bacteria and yeast and lipid metabolism in plants. Besides its metabolic functions, l-carnitine has detoxification and antioxidant roles in the cells. Due to the complex interrelationship of l-carnitine between lipid metabolism and salinity dependent oxidative stress, this study investigates the exogenous l-carnitine (1 mM) function on seed germination, cell division and chromosome behaviour in barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Bulbul-89) under different salt stress concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.30 and 0.35 M). The present work showed that l-carnitine pretreatment could not be successful to stimulate cell division on barley seeds under non-stressed conditions compared to stressed conditions. Depending on increasing salinity without pretreatment with l-carnitine, the mitotic index significantly decreased in barley seeds. Pretreatment of barley seeds with l-carnitine under salt stress conditions was found promising as a plant growth promoter and stimulator of mitosis. In addition, pretreatment of barley seeds with l-carnitine alleviated detrimental effects of salt stress on chromosome structure and it protected cells from the genotoxic effects of salt. This may be caused by the antioxidant and protective action of the l-carnitine. Consequently, this study demonstrated that the exogenous application of 1 mM l-carnitine mitigates the harmful effects of salt stress by increasing mitosis and decreasing DNA damage caused by oxidative stress on barley seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signem Oney-Birol
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, 15030, Turkey.
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Mariano XM, de Souza WFM, Rocha CB, Moreira RFA. Bioactive volatile fraction of Chilean boldo (Peumus boldus Molina) – an overview. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2019.1617797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Maia Mariano
- Lab. de Avaliação da Composição e Aroma de Produtos Alimentícios, Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Instituto Biomédico & Programa de Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição (PPGAN), Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Wanderson Fernando Mello de Souza
- Lab. de Avaliação da Composição e Aroma de Produtos Alimentícios, Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Instituto Biomédico & Programa de Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição (PPGAN), Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Cristiane Barbosa Rocha
- Lab. de Estudos de Ervas Medicinais (LEEM), Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Felipe Alves Moreira
- Lab. de Avaliação da Composição e Aroma de Produtos Alimentícios, Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Instituto Biomédico & Programa de Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição (PPGAN), Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Kharchoufa L, Merrouni IA, Yamani A, Elachouri M. Profile on medicinal plants used by the people of North Eastern Morocco: Toxicity concerns. Toxicon 2018; 154:90-113. [PMID: 30243516 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the North Eastern region of Morocco, many people are interested in medicinal plants and their uses. However, the rationale for the utilization of medicinal plants has remained largely underestimated with little or no scientific data on plant safety. In this paper we attempt to describe and establish a detailed list of current knowledge in relation to the toxicity of these plants and to evaluate the scientific data concerning the harmful effects of the selected natural products. Our approach consists of collecting published data from literature in specialized journals, books and website related to the toxic plants. This research revealed that 89 plant species, retrieved from 287 plants used as medicine in the North-Eastern region of Morocco, are considered toxic or present some kind of toxicity. Our data determines 55 compounds isolated from the plants which are dominated by five groups of toxic compounds: alkaloids followed by glucosides, terpenoids, protides and phenolics. The present work discusses toxicity-related issues arising from the use of medicinal plants by local people. We conclude that the database considered in this study could serve as an important source of information on the toxicity of medicinal plants used by this society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Kharchoufa
- Laboratoire de Physiologie, Génétique et Ethnopharmacologie URAC-40, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Ilyass Alami Merrouni
- Laboratoire de Physiologie, Génétique et Ethnopharmacologie URAC-40, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Amal Yamani
- Laboratoire de Physiologie, Génétique et Ethnopharmacologie URAC-40, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Mostafa Elachouri
- Laboratoire de Physiologie, Génétique et Ethnopharmacologie URAC-40, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.
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Ain QU, David M, Shah Q, Ahmad M, Jahan S. Antifertility effect of methanolic leaf extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides
Hook. in male Sprague Dawley rats. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13129. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qurat-Ul Ain
- Reproductive Physiology lab, Department of Animal Sciences; Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mehwish David
- Reproductive Physiology lab, Department of Animal Sciences; Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Qasim Shah
- Reproductive Physiology lab, Department of Animal Sciences; Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Plant Systematics and Biodiversity lab, Department of Plant Sciences; Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- Reproductive Physiology lab, Department of Animal Sciences; Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad; Islamabad Pakistan
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He YL, Shi JY, Peng C, Hu LJ, Liu J, Zhou QM, Guo L, Xiong L. Angiogenic effect of motherwort (Leonurus japonicus) alkaloids and toxicity of motherwort essential oil on zebrafish embryos. Fitoterapia 2018; 128:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sharma A, Flores-Vallejo RDC, Cardoso-Taketa A, Villarreal ML. Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used in Mexican traditional medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 208:264-329. [PMID: 27155134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE We provide an extensive summary of the in vitro antibacterial properties of medicinal plants popularly used in Mexico to treat infections, and we discuss the ethnomedical information that has been published for these species. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a bibliographic investigation by analyzing local and international peer-reviewed papers selected by consulting internationally accepted scientific databases from 1995 to 2014. We provide specific information about the evaluated plant parts, the type of extracts, the tested bacterial strains, and the inhibitory concentrations for each one of the species. We recorded the ethnomedical information for the active species, as well as their popular names and local distribution. Information about the plant compounds that has been identified is included in the manuscript. This review also incorporates an extensive summary of the available toxicological reports on the recorded species, as well as the worldwide registries of plant patents used for treating bacterial infections. In addition, we provide a list with the top plant species with antibacterial activities in this review RESULTS: We documented the in vitro antibacterial activities of 343 plant species pertaining to 92 botanical families against 72 bacterial species, focusing particularly on Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The plant families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae included the largest number of active species. Information related to popular uses reveals that the majority of the plants, in addition to treating infections, are used to treat other conditions. The distribution of Mexican plants extended from those that were reported to grow in just one state to those that grow in all 32 Mexican states. From 75 plant species, 225 compounds were identified. Out of the total plant species, only 140 (40.57%) had at least one report about their toxic effects. From 1994 to July 2014 a total of 11,836 worldwide antibacterial patents prepared from different sources were recorded; only 36 antibacterial patents from plants were registered over the same time period. We offered some insights on the most important findings regarding the antibacterial effects, current state of the art, and research perspectives of top plant species with antibacterial activities in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Studies of the antibacterial in vitro activity of medicinal plants popularly used in Mexico to treat infections indicate that both the selection of plant material and the investigation methodologies vary. Standardized experimental procedures as well as in vivo pharmacokinetic studies to document the effectiveness of plant extracts and compounds are necessary. This review presents extensive information about the medicinal plants possessing antibacterial activity that has been scientifically studied and are popularly used in Mexico. We anticipate that this review will be of use for future studies because it constitutes a valuable information tool for selecting the most significant plants and their potential antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Sharma
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Biotecnología y Agronomía (ESIABA), Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Querétaro, México
| | - Rosario Del Carmen Flores-Vallejo
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos 62209, México
| | - Alexandre Cardoso-Taketa
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos 62209, México
| | - María Luisa Villarreal
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos 62209, México
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15
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Soares MH, Dias HJ, Vieira TM, de Souza MGM, Cruz AFF, Badoco FR, Nicolella HD, Cunha WR, Groppo M, Martins CHG, Tavares DC, Magalhães LG, Crotti AEM. Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Schistosomicidal, and Cytotoxic Activities of the Essential Oil of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants (Chenopodiaceae). Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28504841 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the chemical composition and the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants (Chenopodiaceae) (DA-EO) against a representative panel of cariogenic bacteria. We have also assessed the in vitro schistosomicidal effects of DA-EO on Schistosoma mansoni and its cytotoxicity to GM07492-A cells in vitro. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed that the monoterpenes cis-piperitone oxide (35.2%), p-cymene (14.5%), isoascaridole (14.1%), and α-terpinene (11.6%) were identified by as the major constituents of DA-EO. DA-EO displayed weak activity against Streptococcus sobrinus and Enterococcus faecalis (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 1000 μg/ml). On the other hand, DA-EO at 25 and 12.5 μg/ml presented remarkable schistosomicidal action in vitro and killed 100% of adult worm pairs within 24 and 72 h, respectively. The LC50 values of DA-EO were 6.50 ± 0.38, 3.66 ± 1.06, and 3.65 ± 0.76 μg/ml at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. However, DA-EO at concentrations higher than 312.5 μg/ml significantly reduced the viability of GM07492-A cells (IC50 = 207.1 ± 4.4 μg/ml). The selectivity index showed that DA-EO was 31.8 times more toxic to the adult S. mansoni worms than GM07492-A cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate the promising schistosomicidal potential of the essential oil of Dysphania ambrosioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina H Soares
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14040-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Herbert J Dias
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana M Vieira
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria G M de Souza
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14040-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana F F Cruz
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14040-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Badoco
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14040-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Heloiza D Nicolella
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14040-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson R Cunha
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14040-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Milton Groppo
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos H G Martins
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14040-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise C Tavares
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14040-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Lizandra G Magalhães
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14040-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio E M Crotti
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14040-600, Franca, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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WANDSCHEER ALANAC, MARCHESAN ENIO, TEDESCO SOLANGEB, FRESCURA VIVIANEDALSOUTO, SOARES CAMILLEF, LONDERO GUILHERMEP, TELÓ GUSTAVOM, HANSEL DÂMARISS. Cytogenotoxicity of rice crop water after application of the tricyclazole fungicide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 89:1251-1258. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720150536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Déciga-Campos M, Mata R, Rivero-Cruz I. Antinociceptive pharmacological profile of Dysphania graveolens in mouse. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:933-938. [PMID: 28292021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work evaluates the potential antinociceptive activity of Dysphania graveolens, traditional medicinal plant used in Mexico to treat stomach pain. A CH2Cl2-MeOH extract, infusion and essential oil from aerial parts of Dysphania graveolens were evaluated in hot plate and writhing tests in mice. The metabolites pinostrobin, pinocembrin and chrysin were isolated from the Dysphania graveolens infusion; next, they were evaluated in both nociceptive tests. To confirm the antinociceptive activity and explore the possible participation of opioid, GABA and serotonin receptors in the pharmacological mechanism, a formalin test was used. Oral administration of Dysphania graveolens CH2Cl2-MeOH extract, infusion and essential oil (31-316mg/kg) produced an antinociceptive response to thermic and chemical algesic stimuli. Essential oil was the most active partition of this plant. In addition, the secondary metabolites pinostrobin, pinocembrin and chrysin possess a significant antinociceptive effect. This response was confirmed by the formalin test for the CH2Cl2-MeOH extract of Dysphania graveolens and chrysin. In both cases, the antinociceptive activity was reverted in the presence of naltrexone, flumazenil and bicuculline antagonists. The 5-HT2A/2C receptors did not participate in the antinociceptive response of this plant. The overall information tends to support the efficacy of Dysphania graveolens as an analgesic and its cultural use in abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna Déciga-Campos
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, México.
| | - Rachel Mata
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
| | - Isabel Rivero-Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
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Teixidor-Toneu I, Martin GJ, Ouhammou A, Puri RK, Hawkins JA. An ethnomedicinal survey of a Tashelhit-speaking community in the High Atlas, Morocco. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 188:96-110. [PMID: 27174082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional knowledge about medicinal plants from a poorly studied region, the High Atlas in Morocco, is reported here for the first time; this permits consideration of efficacy and safety of current practises whilst highlighting species previously not known to have traditional medicinal use. AIM OF THE STUDY Our study aims to document local medicinal plant knowledge among Tashelhit speaking communities through ethnobotanical survey, identifying preferred species and new medicinal plant citations and illuminating the relationship between emic and etic ailment classifications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical data were collected using standard methods and with prior informed consent obtained before all interactions, data were characterized using descriptive indices and medicinal plants and healing strategies relevant to local livelihoods were identified. RESULTS 151 vernacular names corresponding to 159 botanical species were found to be used to treat 36 folk ailments grouped in 14 biomedical use categories. Thirty-five (22%) are new medicinal plant records in Morocco, and 26 described as used for the first time anywhere. Fidelity levels (FL) revealed low specificity in plant use, particularly for the most commonly reported plants. Most plants are used in mixtures. Plant use is driven by local concepts of disease, including "hot" and "cold" classification and beliefs in supernatural forces. CONCLUSION Local medicinal plant knowledge is rich in the High Atlas, where local populations still rely on medicinal plants for healthcare. We found experimental evidence of safe and effective use of medicinal plants in the High Atlas; but we highlight the use of eight poisonous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Teixidor-Toneu
- Section of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB), Harborne Building, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AS, UK.
| | | | - Ahmed Ouhammou
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Ecology and Environment, Regional Herbarium MARK, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, PO Box 2390, Marrakech 40001, Morocco.
| | - Rajindra K Puri
- Centre for Biocultural Diversity, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK.
| | - Julie A Hawkins
- Section of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB), Harborne Building, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AS, UK.
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Silveira MAD, Ribeiro DL, Dos Santos TA, Vieira GM, Cechinato CN, Kazanovski M, Grégio d'Arce LP. Mutagenicity of two herbicides widely used on soybean crops by the Allium cepa test. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:1215-22. [PMID: 25947236 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9881-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the mutagenic effects of two herbicides: Clorimurom Nortox(®) and Imazaquim Ultra Nortox(®) widely used on soybean crops in Brazil. As a test system, Allium cepa assay was used, which analyzes the frequency of micronuclei (MN), chromosomal aberrations (CA) and the mitotic index (MI). Four concentrations of each herbicide (50, 75, 100 and 125 %) were tested in triplicate using distilled water (negative control) and methyl methanesulfonate (positive control) as controls. Three experimental repetitions were realized. Clorimurom Nortox(®) showed a significantly lower MI than the negative control for the concentrations of 75, 100 and 125 %, but the CA was significantly increased at all concentrations. There was no recovery for CA or MI. The 125 % concentration of Imazaquim Ultra Nortox(®) was cytotoxic and also exerted an effect on the other parameters. The concentration of 100 % showed a statistically increased MN and there was no recovery, while the 75 % concentration significantly affected CA, with recovery observed. The two herbicides showed mutagenic damage in Allium cepa cells, which implies a careful handling of these products, to minimize the risk of human and environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruhen Amir Datsch Silveira
- Laboratório de Mutagênese, CCBS, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Universitária Street, 2069 - Jardim Universitário, Postal 00711, Cascavel, PR, 85819-110, Brazil.
| | - Diego Luis Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Mutagênese, CCBS, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Universitária Street, 2069 - Jardim Universitário, Postal 00711, Cascavel, PR, 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Thayná Assakawa Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Mutagênese, CCBS, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Universitária Street, 2069 - Jardim Universitário, Postal 00711, Cascavel, PR, 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Maciel Vieira
- Laboratório de Mutagênese, CCBS, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Universitária Street, 2069 - Jardim Universitário, Postal 00711, Cascavel, PR, 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Carlye Nicheli Cechinato
- Laboratório de Mutagênese, CCBS, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Universitária Street, 2069 - Jardim Universitário, Postal 00711, Cascavel, PR, 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Michele Kazanovski
- Laboratório de Mutagênese, CCBS, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Universitária Street, 2069 - Jardim Universitário, Postal 00711, Cascavel, PR, 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Luciana Paula Grégio d'Arce
- Laboratório de Mutagênese, CCBS, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Universitária Street, 2069 - Jardim Universitário, Postal 00711, Cascavel, PR, 85819-110, Brazil
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Kuhn AW, Tedesco M, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Laughinghouse IV HD, Tedesco SB. Chromatographic analysis and antiproliferative potential of aqueous extracts of Punica granatum fruit peels using the Allium cepa test. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502015000100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Punica granatum L., locally known as romanzeira, is native to Asia but found throughout Brazil. P. granatum is used for treating inflammatory, infectious and respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chromatography and genotoxicity of an aqueous extract of P. granatum (pomegranate) fruit peel using the Allium cepa L. test. The experiment set-up entailed 7 treatments: T1-distilled water, T2-tea 5 g.L-1, T3-tea 10 g.L-1, T4-glyphosate at 9.6%, T5-glyphosate with subsequent recovery in distilled water, T6-glyphosate with subsequent recovery in tea 5 g.L-1 and T7-glyphosate with subsequent recovery in tea 10 g.L-1. The rootlets were collected and fixed in ethanol:acetic acid (3:1) for 24 hours, then stored in 70% ethanol under refrigeration. Analysis was performed using high performance liquid chromatography for the quantification of the extracted phenolic compounds. Gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, and rutin were abundant in the extracts of P. granatum. The extracts were found to exhibit antiproliferative potential but not antimutagenic or genotoxic activity.
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da Silva MGC, Amorim RNL, Câmara CC, Fontenele Neto JD, Soto-Blanco B. Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of aqueous extracts of Chenopodium ambrosioides leaves in rats. J Med Food 2014; 17:979-84. [PMID: 24892475 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of aqueous extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides leaves. To measure acute toxicity, rats were administered 0, 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 g/kg of aqueous extract from C. ambrosioides leaves by gavage. To analyze sub-chronic toxicity, rats were treated by oral gavage for 15 consecutive days with 0, 0.3, or 1.0 g/kg of extract of C. ambrosioides leaves. No animals from either trial exhibited any signs of toxicity. In the acute study, the highest dose of the extract led to an increase in the serum activities of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) and a decrease in the serum levels of urea. In the sub-chronic test, rats treated with 1.0 g/kg for 15 days exhibited increased serum ALT activity and creatinine levels and mild cytoplasmic vacuolation of hepatocytes. The results indicate that aqueous extract from C. ambrosioides leaves produce slight hepatotoxic lesions in rats.
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22
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Gomes KMS, Oliveira MVGAD, Carvalho FRDS, Menezes CC, Peron AP. Citotoxicity of food dyes sunset yellow (E-110), bordeaux red (E-123), and tatrazine yellow (E-102) on Allium cepa L. root meristematic cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-20612013005000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the food dyes sunset yellow, bordeaux red, and tartrazine yellow on the cellular cycle of Allium cepa L. Each dye was evaluated at the doses of 0.4 and 4.0 mL, at the exposure times of 24 and 48 hours in root tip cells of Allium cepa L. Slides were prepared and cells were analyzed during the whole cell cycle for cellular aberrations totaling 5,000 total cells for each dose evaluated. The mitotic index was calculated, and statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-squared test (p < 0.05). The results showed that the three dyes used under the evaluated doses and exposure times were cytotoxic to the cells of the system-test used. Further cytotoxicity studies should be conducted for additional results and a proper evaluation of the effect of these three dyes on a cellular level.
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Acık DY, Yilmaz M, Sahin HH, Sayıner Z, Koruk I, Tiryaki O, Okan V, Pehlivan M. Management ofChenopodium polyspermumtoxicity with plasma exchange and hemodialysis. J Clin Apher 2012; 27:278-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jca.21238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Bittencourt De Souza LF, Laughinghouse HD, Pastori T, Tedesco M, Kuhn AW, Canto‐Dorow TSD, Tedesco SB. Genotoxic potential of aqueous extracts ofArtemisia verlotorumon the cell cycle ofAllium cepa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00207233.2010.520457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kufer J, Förther H, Pöll E, Heinrich M. Historical and modern medicinal plant uses — the example of the Ch'orti‘ Maya and Ladinos in Eastern Guatemala. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 57:1127-52. [PMID: 16105234 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.57.9.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Local empirical knowledge about medicinal properties of plants is the basis for their use as home remedies. Particularly in developing countries such remedies still are an indispensable resource for everyday health care. They form the basis for numerous studies on drugs from natural sources. Like other indigenous groups across the world, the Ch'orti' Maya in Eastern Guatemala are currently experiencing a phase of dramatic cultural change, with their traditional knowledge about plants being in great danger of disappearing. During 17 months of fieldwork, medicinal plant uses were documented using a semi-quantitative approach and analysed using ethnopharmacological methods. The most important groups of illnesses treated with plants were gastrointestinal complaints and illnesses associated with pain and fever. Field data were compared with mostly unpublished historical data collected in the 1930s by the anthropologist Charles Wisdom. This comparison showed that medicinal plant uses that are more consistent over time are also shared by a larger number of people. A literature search on the most frequently mentioned medicinal plants showed that, even for widely used medicinal species, phytochemical and pharmacological data are insufficient for fully understanding their therapeutic profile. Whereas a few examples of potentially dangerous practices were encountered, the limited amount of information available mostly supports local medicinal plant usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kufer
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
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Pereira WS, Ribeiro BP, Sousa AIP, Serra ICPB, Mattar NS, Fortes TS, Reis AS, Silva LA, Barroqueiro ESB, Guerra RNM, Nascimento FRF. Evaluation of the subchronic toxicity of oral treatment with Chenopodium ambrosioides in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 127:602-605. [PMID: 20026398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The leaves of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Chenopodiaceae) have been used by native people to treat many diseases. Recently, we showed that the treatment with small dose (5mg/kg) of hydroalcoholic extract (HE) from Chenopodium ambrosioides' leaves has immunestimulatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the subchronic toxicity of the oral treatment with this HE in preclinical assays. MATERIAL AND METHODS Swiss mice were divided into 4 groups (n=10/group). They received the HE daily at the doses of 5, 50 and 500 mg/kg by gavage during 15 days. The control group received only water. They were observed each hour for 24h and each day for 15 days, when the blood was collected. The serum was used to perform the biochemical analysis. The mice were then killed and the vital and lymphoid organs were collected and evaluated. RESULTS There was neither death nor alterations in the body weight in the HE-treated groups, but there were alterations in the weight of some organs. There was an increase in the lymph node cells number in the highest two doses. The number of cells in the bone marrow was high in the HE-treated groups, but the number of peritoneal cells was smaller in the HE-treated groups when compared to the control. There was no alteration in the AST, but there was a reduction in the albumin levels in the HE500 group and in the triglycerides and VLDL in the highest doses. CONCLUSION The subchronic treatment with HE induced punctual alterations in the groups treated with the highest doses. However, the HE treatment was not lethal and did not induce toxic alterations using the therapeutic dose, suggesting that it is safe to use this product in the adequate dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson S Pereira
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
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Hister CAL, Laughinghouse HD, Da Silva CB, Dorow TSDC, Tedesco SB. Evaluation of the antiproliferative effect of infusions and essential oil of Aloysia gratissima. Pak J Biol Sci 2009; 12:1581-1584. [PMID: 20334120 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2009.1581.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Aloysia gratissima is used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of digestive and respiratory diseases. The infusions (6 and 24 g L-1) and essential oils (0.25%, on ethanol) were prepared and we used groups of five Allium cepa bulbs for each treatment. A total of 2500 cells per treatment were analyzed and the mitotic indexes were calculated. The antiproliferative effect of infusions and essential oils of Aloysia gratissima on the Allium cepa (onion) cell cycle was evaluated using the leaves of studied specimens. The infusions presented a significant decrease in the mitotic index (4.55% at 6 g L-1 and 2.04% at 24 g L-1) compared to the control-water (6.83%), as well as for the essential oil (2.58%), in comparison to the control-ethanol (3.65%). This investigation showed that the infusions and essential oil of Aloysia gratissima present important antiproliferative effects on the Allium cepa cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A L Hister
- Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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Monzote L, Stamberg W, Staniek K, Gille L. Toxic effects of carvacrol, caryophyllene oxide, and ascaridole from essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides on mitochondria. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 240:337-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bagatini MD, Vasconcelos TG, Laughinghouse HD, Martins AF, Tedesco SB. Biomonitoring hospital effluents by the Allium cepa L. test. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 82:590-592. [PMID: 19224103 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hospital effluents are serious problems in developing countries like Brazil, and when not treated adequately, can cause mutagenic effects on live organisms. Biomonitors, like Allium cepa L., which is one of the most used plant species when monitoring effluent genotoxicity, have been used to alert the world population about environmental contamination and genotoxic chemical emissions. The Allium cepa test was used to evaluate the genotoxicity of a hospital effluent in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. During the study, chromosomal disruptions, anaphasic bridges, and micronuclei during telophase were observed, indicating environmental toxicity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Bagatini
- Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics, Department of Biology, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
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Boutkhil S, El Idrissi M, Amechrouq A, Chbicheb A, Chakir S, EL Badaoui K. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of crude, aqueous, ethanol extracts and essential oils ofDysphania ambrosioides(L.) Mosyakin & Clemants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2009.10516151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wolpert BJ, Beauvoir MG, Wells EF, Hawdon JM. Plant vermicides of Haitian Vodou show in vitro activity against larval hookworm. J Parasitol 2008; 94:1155-60. [PMID: 18576795 DOI: 10.1645/ge-1446.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Haitian Vodou priests (houngans) and priestesses (mambos) use plant remedies to treat many illnesses, including intestinal parasite infections. The present study screened 12 plants used in Vodou treatments for intestinal parasites to detect in vitro activity against infective-stage larvae of the hookworm Ancylostoma caninum. Water-soluble extracts of 4 of the 12 plants inhibited serum-stimulated feeding by larval A. caninum in a dose-dependent manner. All 4 plant extracts inhibited feeding induced by the muscarinic agonist arecoline, suggesting that these plant extracts may inhibit the insulin-like signaling pathway involved in the recovery and resumption of development of arrested A. caninum larvae. These results indicate that at least some of the plants used in traditional Haitian medicine as vermifuges show activity against nematode physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly J Wolpert
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Kane CSE, Jamali A, Kouhila M, Mimet A, Ahachad M. SINGLE-LAYER DRYING BEHAVIOR OF MEXICAN TEA LEAVES (CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIOIDES) IN A CONVECTIVE SOLAR DRYER AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00986440701691095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Patrício FJ, Costa GC, Pereira PVS, Aragão-Filho WC, Sousa SM, Frazão JB, Pereira WS, Maciel MCG, Silva LA, Amaral FMM, Rebêlo JMM, Guerra RNM, Ribeiro MNS, Nascimento FRF. Efficacy of the intralesional treatment with Chenopodium ambrosioides in the murine infection by Leishmania amazonensis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 115:313-319. [PMID: 18035510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2007] [Revised: 10/06/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Leishmaniasis, caused by protozoan from Leishmania genus, is an endemic disease in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The chemotherapy to this disease is not always effective and can cause several side effects. Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Chenopodiaceae) is used by the native people in the treatment of cutaneous ulcers caused by different species of Leishmania. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the treatment with a hydroalcoholic crude extract (HCE) from the leaves of Chenopodium ambrosioides on the murine infection with Leishmania amazonensis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The mice were treated for 4-6 weeks post-infection (p.i.) with HCE (5 mg/kg) or meglumine antimoniate (Sb(v)) (28 mg/kg) either by the oral route, once a day, for 15 days or by five intralesional (IL) injections at intervals of 4 days. The thickness of the infected paws was determined weekly and the parasite load evaluated in the draining lymph nodes (LN), the spleen and in the footpad after 7 weeks of infection. The nitric oxide (NO) production was evaluated in cultures with cells from peritoneum or LN. RESULTS The IL treatment increased the NO production in the LN and peritoneum cultures and reduced the parasite load from the footpad, spleen and LN. On the other hand, the oral treatment decreased did alter neither the NO production nor the parasite load. CONCLUSIONS IL HCE treatment was more efficient than the oral HCE treatment since the former was able to control the dissemination of infection. This effect can be due to either a direct leishmanicidal effect of HCE or the improvement in the NO production by HCE-stimulated macrophages. The results could justify the topical use of the Chenopodium ambrosioides' leaves in the treatment of the ulcers caused by Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J Patrício
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Campus do Bacanga, Av. dos Portugueses s/n, São Luís, MA, Brazil
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Sowemimo AA, Fakoya FA, Awopetu I, Omobuwajo OR, Adesanya SA. Toxicity and mutagenic activity of some selected Nigerian plants. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 113:427-32. [PMID: 17707603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2006] [Revised: 06/10/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity and mutagenic potential of most African plants implicated in the management of cancer have not been investigated. The ethanolic extracts of selected Nigerian plants were subsequently studied using the brine shrimp lethality tests, inhibition of telomerase activity and induction of chromosomal aberrations in vivo in rat lymphocytes. Morinda lucida root bark, Nymphaea lotus whole plant and Garcinia kola root were active in the three test systems. Bryophyllum calycinum whole plant, Annona senegalensis root, Hymenocardia acida stem bark, Erythrophleum suaveolens leaves and Spondiathus preussii stem bark were toxic to brine shrimps and caused chromosomal damage in rat lymphocytes. Ficus exasperata leaves, Chrysophyllum albidum root bark and Hibiscus sabdariffa leaves were non-toxic to all the three test systems. Chenopodium ambrosioides whole plant was non-toxic to brine shrimps and rat lymphocyte chromosomes but showed inhibition in the conventional telomerase assay indicating a possible selectivity for human chromosomes. The result justified the use of the first eight plants and Chenopodium ambrosioides in the management of cancer in south west Nigeria although they appear to be non-selective and their mode of action may be different from plant to plant. All these plants except Chenopodium ambrosioides are also mutagenic and cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Sowemimo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Monzote L, García M, Montalvo AM, Scull R, Miranda M, Abreu J. In vitroactivity of an essential oil againstLeishmania donovani. Phytother Res 2007; 21:1055-8. [PMID: 17724767 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro antileishmanial effect of the essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides against Leishmania donovani was investigated. The product showed significant activity against promastigotes and amastigotes, with a 50% effective concentration of 4.45 and 5.1 microg/mL, respectively. The essential oil caused an irreversible inhibition of the growth of promastigotes after a treatment with 100 or 10 microg/mL for 1 or 24 h, respectively. The phagocytic activity of the macrophages was preserved at a concentration toxic to the parasite. The essential oil from C. ambrosioides may be a potential candidate drug to development a new agent to combat this parasitic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Monzote
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba.
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Monzote L, Montalvo AM, Scull R, Miranda M, Abreu J. Combined effect of the essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides and antileishmanial drugs on promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2007; 49:257-60. [PMID: 17823757 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652007000400012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there are no vaccines against Leishmania, and chemotherapy remains the mainstay for the control of leishmaniasis. The drugs of choice used for leishmaniasis therapy are significantly toxic, expensive and with a growing frequency of refractory infections. Because of these limitations, a combination therapy is the better hope. This work demonstrates that the essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides shows a synergic activity after incubation in conjunction with pentamidine against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. However, an indifferent effect has been found for combinations of meglumine antimoniate or amphotericin B and the essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianet Monzote
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba.
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Akinboro A, Bakare AA. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of five medicinal plants on Allium cepa Linn. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 112:470-5. [PMID: 17572030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of five medicinal plants: Azadirachta indica (A. Juss), Morinda lucida (Benth.), Cymbopogon citratus (DC Stapf.), Mangifera indica (Linn.) and Carica papaya (Linn.) was evaluated using the Allium cepa assay. The extracts were prepared with tap water as practised locally. Onion bulbs were exposed to 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50%; and 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20% concentrations (v/v) of each of the extracts for macroscopic and microscopic analyses, respectively. There was concentration-dependent and statistically significant (P<0.05) inhibition of root growth by the extracts when compared with the control. The EC(50) obtained for decoctions of Azadirachta indica. Cymbopogon citratus, Mangifera indica and Carica papaya were 0.6, 3.0, 1.4 and 0.8%, respectively. It was 2.6 and 0.8% for the squeezed extracts of Azadirachta indica and Morinda lucida, respectively. All the tested extracts were observed to have mitodepressive effects on cell division and induced mitotic spindle disturbance in Allium cepa. These results suggest an inhibitory, mitodepressive and turbagenic activities of the aqueous extracts on Allium cepa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Akinboro
- Cell Biology & Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Gadano AB, Gurni AA, Carballo MA. Argentine folk medicine: genotoxic effects of Chenopodiaceae family. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 103:246-51. [PMID: 16219440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2004] [Revised: 07/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Chenopodium ambrosioides L. and Chenopodium multifidum L. (Chenopodiaceae), common name: Paico, are medicinal plants. They are aromatic shrubs growing in South America. For centuries, they have been used due to its medicinal properties. However, there are few reports in literature about the genotoxic effects of these plants. There for, the aim of these work is the evaluation of genetic damage induced by decoction and infusion of this plants which were assayed in different concentrations (1, 10, 100, 1,000 microL extract/mL culture), by addition of the extract to human lymphocyte cell cultures, negative controls were included. The endpoints evaluated were chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), cell proliferation kinetics (CPK) and mitotic index (MI). The repeated measure analysis of variance was used for statistic evaluation of the results. The results showed: (a) statistical increase in the percentage of cells with CA and in the frequency of SCE when cultures were exposed to both aromatic plants, (b) a decrease in MI of both Paicos assayed, although no modification in the CPK values was observed, (c) no effect was noticed in the analysis of Chenopodium album L., which was used as negative control of the essential oil. These results suggest a cyto and genotoxic effect of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Chenopodium multifidum aqueous extracts related to the essential oil of the plant (as Chenopodium album did not perform).
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Gadano
- CIGETOX-Citogenética y Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, A. del Valle 970, 1878-Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Rodríguez DJD, Angulo-Sánchez JL, Hernández-Castillo FD. Chapter 14 An overview of the antimicrobial properties of Mexican medicinal plants. ADVANCES IN PHYTOMEDICINE 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-557x(06)03014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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MacDonald D, VanCrey K, Harrison P, Rangachari PK, Rosenfeld J, Warren C, Sorger G. Ascaridole-less infusions of Chenopodium ambrosioides contain a nematocide(s) that is(are) not toxic to mammalian smooth muscle. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 92:215-221. [PMID: 15138003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2002] [Revised: 02/19/2004] [Accepted: 02/19/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Infusions of Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.) have been used for centuries in the Americas as a popular remedy against intestinal worm infections. The essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides contains high levels of ascaridole, which is a potent anthelmintic, but which has also been responsible for human fatalities, leading to its disuse. Almost 90% of the nematocidal activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides infusions was due to a hydrophilic component different from ascaridole. Synthetic ascaridole and the ascaridole from infusions, extracted into hexane, caused a reduction of carbachol-induced contractions in rat gastrointestinal smooth muscle at concentrations required to kill Caenorhabditis elegans (L.). The herbal infusion and the ascaridole-free hexane-extracted aqueous residue of the above infusion, at nematocidal concentrations, had no detectable effect on smooth muscle contraction in the above system. It would appear that the traditional form of usage of Chenopodium ambrosioides infusions as a vermifuge is safer than the use of the herb's essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- D MacDonald
- Department of Medicine, Hons. Biology-Pharmacology Coop Programme, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada
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