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Marques LLM, Ribeiro FM, Nakamura CV, Simionato AS, Andrade G, Zielinski AAF, Carollo CA, Silva DBD, Oliveira AGD, Mello JCPD. Metabolomic profiling and correlations of supercritical extracts of guarana. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:347-353. [PMID: 36028332 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2116705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
A previous optimization of supercritical extraction from guarana seeds was performed applying orthogonal array design (OA9(34)). The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of these extracts, as well as metabolomic profiling and correlations from the compounds by statistical analysis were determined. Extracts 1 (40% ethanol; 20 min; 40 °C and 100 bar), 2 (40% methanol; 60 min; 40 °C and 200 bar), and 8 (40% methanol; 40 min; 60 °C and 100 bar) had the highest combined values of antioxidant capacity for the DPPH, FRAP, ABTS and xanthine oxidase system methods, and were identified by chemometric analysis. Similar chemical profiles of the extracts were obtained by LC-DAD-MS, and were identified: methyl-xanthine, (epi)catechin and dimers and trimers of type A and B proanthocyanidins. The heat map analysis showed positive correlation between antioxidant methods DPPH, FRAP and ABTS and with flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins. Extract 3 was active against Gram-negative and -positive bacteria and Candida tropicalis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabianne Martins Ribeiro
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Brazil
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Brazil
| | - Ane Stefano Simionato
- Department of Microbiology, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - Galdino Andrade
- Department of Microbiology, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Alexandre Carollo
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan da Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
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Aldhahrani A. Paullinia cupana seed extract ameliorated methotrexate-induced testicular dysfunction through the regulation of antioxidants, inflammatory, apoptosis/anti-apoptosis, and steroidogenesis-associated genes. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:15115-15127. [PMID: 36168017 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MXT) is a medication used for cancer and rheumatoid treatment with severe organs toxicity as a side effect. Paullinia cupana (Guarana) is a plant with pleiotropic functions used to overcome the side effects of some chemotherapeutic medications. Current study aimed to examine the possible protective effect of guarana against oxidative stress induced by a single dose of MTX in testis. Forty male mice were divided into 4 groups (8 weeks old; 30 g weight), 1st group is negative control. The 2nd group is positive intoxicated group, received a single dose of MTX intraperitoneally (IP; 20 mg/kg BW in saline) on day 7. The 3rd group received guarana seed extract orally (300 mg/kg BW daily) for 12 days. The protective group was given guarana seed extract orally for 1 week, then on day 7 injected with MTX, and continued with guarana for extra 5 days. Blood was taken for biochemical measurement (hormones, antioxidants, cytokines, and oxidative stress biomarkers). Testicular tissues were taken for gene quantification (qRT-PCR), testicular oxidative stress activity (malondialdehyde; MDA, and SOD) and comet assay (sperm DNA damage), and histopathological changes at the end of experimental design. MTX intoxication caused a decrease in testicular SOD, GSH, and catalase and an increase in serum and tissue levels of MDA. Biomarkers of oxidative stress were increased by MTX intoxication, and were ameliorated by guarana administration to MTX-intoxicated mice. Guarana prevented the increase in IL-1β and IL-6 levels compared to mice intoxicated with MTX alone. MTX upregulated the expression of caspase-3 and downregulated Bcl-2 expression using qRT-PCR analysis. These negative impacts of MTX were protected by guarana pre-administration. MTX decreased reproductive hormones and altered spermogram parameters (sperm concentration and motility, and percentage of live and dead sperms). In addition, the mRNA expression of steroidogenesis-associated genes, such cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), and 17β hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) was downregulated in the MTX-treated group, all were prevented by guarana administration. The sperm DNA damage revealed by a comet assay was increased in MTX group and was reversed to control levels by guarana supplementation. Finally, testis histology of MTX-group showed marked spermatocytes vacuolization and a decrease in spermatogenesis. Guarana administration abrogated histopathological changes reported in the Leydig cells and testicular tissues. In conclusion, guarana has the potential as a supplement medication to antagonize testicular oxidative stress induced by methotrexate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Aldhahrani
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, 21995, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Reigada I, Kapp K, Maynard C, Weinkove D, Valero MS, Langa E, Hanski L, Gómez-Rincón C. Alterations in Bacterial Metabolism Contribute to the Lifespan Extension Exerted by Guarana in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nutrients 2022; 14. [PMID: 35565952 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is a widely consumed nutraceutical with various health benefits supported by scientific evidence. However, its indirect health impacts through the gut microbiota have not been studied. Caenorhabditis elegans is a useful model to study both the direct and indirect effects of nutraceuticals, as the intimate association of the worm with the metabolites produced by Escherichia coli is a prototypic simplified model of our gut microbiota. We prepared an ethanoic extract of guarana seeds and assessed its antioxidant capacity in vitro, with a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and in vivo, utilizing C. elegans. Additionally, we studied the impact of this extract on C. elegans lifespan, utilizing both viable and non-viable E. coli, and assessed the impact of guarana on E. coli folate production. The extract showed high antioxidant capacity, and it extended worm lifespan. However, the antioxidant and life-extending effects did not correlate in terms of the extract concentration. The extract-induced life extension was also less significant when utilizing dead E. coli, which may indicate that the effects of guarana on the worms work partly through modifications on E. coli metabolism. Following this observation, guarana was found to decrease E. coli folate production, revealing one possible route for its beneficial effects.
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Torres EAFS, Pinaffi-Langley ACDC, Figueira MDS, Cordeiro KS, Negrão LD, Soares MJ, da Silva CP, Alfino MCZ, Sampaio GR, de Camargo AC. Effects of the consumption of guarana on human health: A narrative review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 21:272-295. [PMID: 34755935 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is a plant from the Amazon region with cultural importance. Despite its early ancestral use by indigenous tribes, the first reports regarding the benefits of guarana consumption for human health were published in the 19th century. Since then, the use of guarana seed in powder and extract forms has been studied for its diverse effects on human health, such as stimulating, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, hypocholesterolemic, and anti-obesity effects. These effects are attributed to the high content of bioactive compounds found in guarana seeds, especially methylxanthines and flavonoids. In fact, the Brazilian Food Supplement Law has officially acknowledged guarana as a source of bioactive compounds. The number and diversity of studies focused on guarana and human health are increasing; thus, organizing and describing the available evidence on guarana and its applications is necessary to provide a framework for future studies. In this narrative review, we have organized the available information regarding guarana and its potential effects on human health. Guarana produces unique fruits with great potential for human health applications. However, the available evidence lacks human studies and mechanistic investigations. Future studies should be designed considering its applicability to human health, including intake levels and toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A F S Torres
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karina Silva Cordeiro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Dias Negrão
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maiara Jurema Soares
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cintia Pereira da Silva
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Geni Rodrigues Sampaio
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Costa de Camargo
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Aldhahrani A. Protective effects of guarana ( Paullinia cupana) against methotrexate-induced intestinal damage in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3397-3404. [PMID: 34262701 PMCID: PMC8269666 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of guarana (Paullinia cupana) on intestinal damage induced by MTX in mice. Mice were classified into four groups: control, MTX, guarana (Paullinia cupana), and guarana (Paullinia cupana) together with MTX. Total antioxidant capacity together with glutathione, superoxide dismutase, MDA, ALT, AST, myeloperoxidase, total protein and IL-1β were detected in the serum. Bax and Bcl2 expressions were detected in intestine together with histopathological examination and immunohistochemical examination of caspase-9. Intoxication with MTX inhibited antioxidant and promoted myeloperoxidase activity in experimental mouse models but pre-administration of guarana ameliorated this effect by inhibiting IL-1β. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis found that MTX intoxication upregulated BAX expression, causing apoptosis, and downregulated Bcl2 expression. These were also brought under control following guarana pre-administration. Histological examination of intestine indicated hyperplasia and desquamation of superficial epithelium of villi in the MTX-administered group, as well as round cell infiltration in the lamina propria. Pre-administration of guarana protected against these effects. The MTX group showed that caspase-9 expression was upregulated, increasing immune-reactivity in comparison to the guarana experimental groups. These combined effects lead to the conclusion that guarana has a preventative or protective effect against MTX-induced oxidative stress in the intestinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Aldhahrani
- Department of clinical laboratory sciencesTurabah University CollegeTaif UniversityTaifSaudi Arabia
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Belló C, Prestes AP, Schemberger JA, Hacke ACM, Pereira RP, Manente FA, Carlos IZ, de Andrade CR, Fernandes D, da Cruz IBM, Unfer TC, Vellosa JCR. Aqueous extract of Paullinia cupana attenuates renal and hematological effects associated with ketoprofen. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13560. [PMID: 33270240 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Paullinia cupana (AEG) against ketoprofen side effects, through biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters. AEG showed antioxidant activity in the DPPH• scavenging (IC50 = 17.00 ± 1.00 µg/ml) and HPLC analysis revealed that this extract is constituted by antioxidants (caffeine, catechins, theobromine, and polyphenols). In vivo experiments in female Wistar rats demonstrated that alterations in urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels promoted (p < .05) by ketoprofen were reversed when AEG was co-administered. Ketoprofen significantly decreased the catalase levels of animal tissues (p < .05), which were restored when AEG was co-administered with the mentioned drug. Histological analysis showed that AEG protected tissues from damages caused by ketoprofen. Moreover, AEG reestablished the number of white blood cells, which had decreased when ketoprofen was administered. In conclusion, this study suggested that the association between ketoprofen and AEG may be an alternative to reduce health damages caused by this drug. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Paullinia cupana, popularly known as guaraná, is commonly consumed as a beverage in Brazil and exhibits pharmacological and beneficial effects to humans. Ketoprofen is an efficacious drug employed in the treatment of inflammatory processes. However, this drug can cause several side effects in humans. Thus, the usage of natural products and plant extracts that can reduce such undesirable effects consists in a valuable strategy to be applied in therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Belló
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Prestes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Francine Alessandra Manente
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iracilda Zeppone Carlos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleverton Roberto de Andrade
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fernandes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | | | - Taís Cristina Unfer
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil
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Roggia I, Dalcin AJF, de Souza D, Machado AK, de Souza DV, Cruz IBMD, Ribeiro EE, Ourique AF, Gomes P. Guarana: Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC method and safety profile using microglial cells. J Food Compost Anal 2020; 94:103629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lévy S, Santini L, Capucci A, Oto A, Santomauro M, Riganti C, Raviele A, Cappato R. European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society Statement on the cardiovascular events associated with the use or abuse of energy drinks. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2019; 56:99-115. [PMID: 31482331 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-019-00610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Energy drinks are increasingly used by young people and young athletes in order to improve their performance alone or in association of other substances, particularly alcohol. In recent years, a number of reports of reports have raised attention on the side-effects associated with the use or abuse of energy drinks particularly serious cardiovascular events. The European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society (ECAS) has undertaken a systematic and critical review of reported data on cardiovascular events including life-threatening arrhythmias with or without cardiac arrest and other cardiovascular events, and discussed in this review the possible causal effect of caffeine and other ingredients contained in energy drinks and the reported events. Twenty-two cardiovascular events were reported in association with the use or abuse of energy drinks. The European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society would like to draw attention on the possible cardiovascular complications that may occur with the consumption of these beverages and to emphasize the prevention measures to be taken particularly in the young population. Well-designed prospective studies are needed to clarify the possible role of energy drinks in inducing the cardiovascular events reported.
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Inglis JE, Lin PJ, Kerns SL, Kleckner IR, Kleckner AS, Castillo DA, Mustian KM, Peppone LJ. Nutritional Interventions for Treating Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Qualitative Review. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:21-40. [PMID: 30688088 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1513046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a debilitating syndrome that persists for many cancer survivors for years after treatment. Symptoms include early and persistent fatigue, functional decline, depression, and cognitive difficulties. Inflammation, assessed using pro-inflammatory biomarkers, is increased in cancer survivors with fatigue and treatments for fatigue are often aimed at reducing inflammation. Additionally, cancer and its treatment lead to nutritional complications, changes in body composition, and nutritional deficiencies that potentially weaken the cancer survivor and impact CRF. We conducted a qualitative review of clinical trials that assessed nutritional interventions for preventing and treating CRF. Further studies were examined that used nutritional interventions to address inflammation and fatigue, due to the dearth of nutrition research directly related to CRF. Dietary intake prior to, during, and after cancer treatment appears to affect fatigue levels. Increased protein intake may help preserve lean mass and body composition. Dietary patterns that reduce inflammation, such as the Mediterranean diet and other plant-based diets, appear tolerable to cancer survivors and may reduce fatigue. Supplementation with ginseng, ginger, or probiotics may improve cancer survivors' energy levels. Nutritional interventions, alone or in combination with other interventions should be considered as therapy for fatigue in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Inglis
- a Department of Surgery , University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) , Rochester , New York , USA
| | - Po-Ju Lin
- a Department of Surgery , University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) , Rochester , New York , USA
| | - Sarah L Kerns
- b Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) , Rochester , New York , USA
| | - Ian R Kleckner
- a Department of Surgery , University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) , Rochester , New York , USA
| | - Amber S Kleckner
- a Department of Surgery , University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) , Rochester , New York , USA
| | - Daniel A Castillo
- c Edward G. Miner Library, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) , Rochester , New York , USA
| | - Karen M Mustian
- a Department of Surgery , University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) , Rochester , New York , USA
| | - Luke J Peppone
- a Department of Surgery , University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) , Rochester , New York , USA
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Marques LLM, Ferreira EDF, Paula MND, Klein T, Mello JCPD. Paullinia cupana: a multipurpose plant – a review. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Chagas MA, Abboud RDS, Ribeiro ICDA, Pereira VA, Corrêa LBN, Boaventura GT. Guarana (Paullinia cupana) consumption improves hepatic and renal parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. NUTR HOSP 2019. [DOI: 10.20960/nh.02759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Dorneles IMP, Fucks MB, Fontela PC, Frizzo MN, Winkelmann ER. Guarana (Paullinia cupana) presents a safe and effective anti-fatigue profile in patients with chronic kidney disease: A randomized, double-blind, three-arm, controlled clinical trial. J Funct Foods 2018; 51:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Gómez B, Strozzi I, Barba FJ, Vargas FC, Saraiva JA, Marszałek K, Sobral PJDA, Lorenzo JM. Evaluation of the Antioxidant Capacity of a Guarana Seed Extract on Canola Oil Lipid Stability Using Accelerated Storage. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belen Gómez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia; rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia; San Cibrao das Viñas 32900 Ourense Spain
| | - Isabella Strozzi
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos; University of São Paulo; 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, Jardim Elite Pirassununga São Paulo 13.635-900 Brazil
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area; Preventive Medicine and Public Health; Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Universitat de València; Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot València Spain
| | - Flávia Carolina Vargas
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos; University of São Paulo; 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, Jardim Elite Pirassununga São Paulo 13.635-900 Brazil
| | - Jorge A. Saraiva
- QOPNA; Chemistry Department; University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago; Aveiro 3810-193 Portugal
| | - Krystian Marszałek
- Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology; Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology; 36 Rakowiecka St. Warsaw 02532 Poland
| | - Paulo José do Amaral Sobral
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos; University of São Paulo; 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, Jardim Elite Pirassununga São Paulo 13.635-900 Brazil
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia; rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia; San Cibrao das Viñas 32900 Ourense Spain
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Boasquívis PF, Silva GMM, Paiva FA, Cavalcanti RM, Nunez CV, de Paula Oliveira R. Guarana ( Paullinia cupana) Extract Protects Caenorhabditis elegans Models for Alzheimer Disease and Huntington Disease through Activation of Antioxidant and Protein Degradation Pathways. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018; 2018:9241308. [PMID: 30116496 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9241308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is largely consumed in Brazil in high energy drinks and dietary supplements because of its stimulant activity on the central nervous system. Although previous studies have indicated that guarana has some protective effects in Parkinson's (PD), Alzheimer's (AD), and Huntington's (HD) disease models, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we investigated the protective effects of guarana hydroalcoholic extract (GHE) in Caenorhabditis elegans models of HD and AD. GHE reduced polyglutamine (polyQ) protein aggregation in the muscle and also reduced polyQ-mediated neuronal death in ASH sensory neurons and delayed β-amyloid-induced paralysis in a caffeine-independent manner. Moreover, GHE's protective effects were not mediated by caloric restriction, antimicrobial effects, or development and reproduction impairment. Inactivation of the transcription factors SKN-1 and DAF-16 by RNAi partially blocked the protective effects of GHE treatment in the AD model. We show that the protective effect of GHE is associated with antioxidant activity and modulation of proteostasis, since it increased the lifespan and proteasome activity, reduced intracellular ROS and the accumulation of autophagosomes, and increased the expression of SOD-3 and HSP-16.2. Our findings suggest that GHE has therapeutic potential in combating age-related diseases associated with protein misfolding and accumulation.
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Arantes LP, Machado ML, Zamberlan DC, da Silveira TL, da Silva TC, da Cruz IBM, Ribeiro EE, Aschner M, Soares FAA. Mechanisms involved in anti-aging effects of guarana (Paullinia cupana) in Caenorhabditis elegans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e7552. [PMID: 29972429 PMCID: PMC6040867 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is habitually ingested by people in
the Amazon region and is a key ingredient in various energy drinks consumed
worldwide. Extension in longevity and low prevalence of chronic age-related
diseases have been associated to habitual intake of guarana. Anti-aging
potential of guarana was also demonstrated in Caenorhabditis
elegans; however, the mechanisms involved in its effects are not
clear. Herein, we investigated the putative pathways that regulate the effects
of guarana ethanolic extract (GEE) on lifespan using C.
elegans. The major known longevity pathways were analyzed through
mutant worms and RT-qPCR assay (DAF-2, DAF-16, SKN-1, SIR-2.1, HSF-1). The
possible involvement of purinergic signaling was also investigated. This study
demonstrated that GEE acts through antioxidant activity, DAF-16, HSF-1, and
SKN-1 pathways, and human adenosine receptor ortholog (ADOR-1) to extend
lifespan. GEE also downregulated skn-1,
daf-16, sir-2.1 and hsp-16.2
in 9-day-old C. elegans, which might reflect less need to
activate these protective genes due to direct antioxidant effects. Our results
contribute to the comprehension of guarana effects in vivo,
which might be helpful to prevent or treat aging-associated disorders, and also
suggest purinergic signaling as a plausible therapeutic target for longevity
studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Arantes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - M L Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - D C Zamberlan
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - T L da Silveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - T C da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - I B M da Cruz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - E E Ribeiro
- Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - M Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - F A A Soares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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Yu JY, Nguyen HT, Yong CS, Park HG, Jun JH, Kim JO. Effects of DA-5513 on alcohol metabolism and alcoholic fatty liver in rats. Lab Anim Res 2018; 34:49-57. [PMID: 29937911 PMCID: PMC6010400 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2018.34.2.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hangover is characterized by a number of unpleasant physical and mental symptoms that occur after heavy alcohol drinking. In addition, consistently excessive alcohol intake is considered as a major reason causes liver disease. The present study investigated the in vivo effects of DA-5513 (Morning care® Kang Hwang) on biological parameters relevant to hangover relief and alcoholic fatty liver. Blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations were determined in rats administered a single dose of alcohol and treated with DA-5513 or commercially available hangover relief beverages (Yeomyung® and Ukon®). The effects of DA-5513 on alcoholic fatty liver were also determined in rats fed alcohol-containing Lieber-DeCarli diets for 4 weeks. Serum liver function markers (aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities) and serum/liver lipid levels were assessed. Blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations were lower in the groups treated with DA-5513 or Yeomyung®, as compared with control rats. However, Ukon® did not produce any significant effects on these parameters. Treatment with DA-5513 significantly reduced serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities and markedly reduced serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, as compared with control rats. Histological observations using Oil Red O staining found that DA-5513 delayed the development of alcoholic fatty liver by reversing hepatic fat accumulation. These findings suggest that DA-5513 could have a beneficial effect on alcohol-induced hangovers and has the potential to ameliorate alcoholic fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Yu
- Department of Formulation Development, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Yongin, Korea
| | - Hanh Thuy Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Hyoung Geun Park
- Department of Formulation Development, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Yongin, Korea
| | - Joon Ho Jun
- Department of Formulation Development, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Yongin, Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
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Nonato DTT, Vasconcelos SMM, Mota MRL, de Barros Silva PG, Cunha AP, Ricardo NMPS, Pereira MG, Assreuy AMS, Chaves EMC. The anticonvulsant effect of a polysaccharide-rich extract from Genipa americana leaves is mediated by GABA receptor. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:181-187. [PMID: 29486336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to chemically characterize a polysaccharide-rich extract (PRE) obtained from Genipa americana leaves and evaluate its neuroprotective effect in the brain morphology and oxidative markers using mice behavioral models. METHODS Dry powder (5 g) of G. americana leaves were submitted to depigmentation in methanol. PRE was obtained by extraction in NaOH and precipitation with absolute ethanol and characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR). Swiss mice (25-35 g) received saline (0.9% NaCl) or PRE (1-27 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) route, 30 min before evaluation in behavioral models (open field, elevated plus maze, sleeping time, tail suspension, forced swimming, seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole-PTZ). Animal's brain were dissected and analyzed for histological alterations and oxidative stress. RESULTS FTIR spectrum showed bands around 3417 cm-1 and 2928 cm-1, relative to the vibrational stretching of OH and CH, respectively. 1H NMR spectrum revealed signals at δ 3.85 (methoxyl groups) and δ 2.4 (acetyl) ppm. 13C NMR spectrum revealed signals at δ 108.0 and δ 61.5 ppm, corresponding to C1 and C5 of α-L-arabinofuranosyl residues. PRE presented central inhibitory effect, increasing the latency for PTZ-induced seizures by 63% (9 mg/kg) and 55% (27 mg/kg), and the latency to death by 73% (9 mg/kg) and 72% (27 mg/kg). Both effects were reversed by the association with flumazenil. CONCLUSIONS PRE, containing a heteropolysaccharide, presents antioxidant and anticonvulsant effect in the model of PTZ-induced seizures via gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), decreasing the number of hippocampal black neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayanne Terra Tenório Nonato
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceara, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Itaperi, 60714-903, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
- Departament of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Coronel Nunes Valente, 1127, Rodolfo Teófilo, 607430-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Mário Rogério Lima Mota
- Department of Oral Pathology and Clinical Stomatology of Federal University of Ceara, Rua Coronel Nunes Valente, 1127, Rodolfo Teófilo, 607430-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva
- Department of Oral Pathology and Clinical Stomatology of Federal University of Ceara, Rua Coronel Nunes Valente, 1127, Rodolfo Teófilo, 607430-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Arcelina Pacheco Cunha
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Humberto Monte, S/N, Campus de PICI, 60440554, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Nágila Maria Pontes Silva Ricardo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Humberto Monte, S/N, Campus de PICI, 60440554, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Maria Gonçalves Pereira
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceara, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Itaperi, 60714-903, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Faculty of Education Science and Letters of the Hinterland, Rua José de Queiroz Pessoa, 2554 - Planalto Universitário, 63.900-000, Quixadá, CE, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Sampaio Assreuy
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceara, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Itaperi, 60714-903, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Edna Maria Camelo Chaves
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceara, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Itaperi, 60714-903, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Oliveira TDQ, de Sousa CNS, Vasconcelos GS, de Sousa LC, de Oliveira AA, Patrocínio CFV, Medeiros IDS, Honório Júnior JER, Maes M, Macedo D, Vasconcelos SMM. Brain antioxidant effect of mirtazapine and reversal of sedation by its combination with alpha-lipoic acid in a model of depression induced by corticosterone. J Affect Disord 2017; 219:49-57. [PMID: 28521187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is accompanied by activated neuro-oxidative and neuro-nitrosative pathways, while targeting these pathways has clinical efficacy in depression. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mirtazapine (MIRT) alone and combined with alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) against corticosterone (CORT) induced behavioral and oxidative alterations. METHODS Male mice received vehicle or CORT 20mg/kg during 14 days. From the 15th to 21st days they were divided in groups administered: vehicle, MIRT 3mg/kg or the combinations MIRT+ALA100 or MIRT+ALA200. On the 21st day of treatment, the animals were subjected to behavioral tests. Twenty-four hours after the last drug administration hippocampus (HC) and striatum (ST) were dissected for the determination reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LP) and nitrite levels. RESULTS CORT induced anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors as observed by increased immobility time in the tail suspension test and decreased sucrose consumption. MIRT or MIRT+ALA are effective in reversing anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors induced by CORT. CORT and MIRT alone prolonged sleeping time and this effect was reversed by MIRT+ALA. CORT significantly increased LP, which was reversed by MIRT or MIRT+ALA. Nitrite levels were increased in CORT-treated animals and reversed by MIRT+ALA200 (HC), MIRT or MIRT+ALA (ST). LIMITATION A relative small sample size and lack of a washout period between drug administration and behavioral testing. CONCLUSIONS MIRT or MIRT+ALA reverse CORT-induced anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors probably via their central antioxidant effects. Augmentation of MIRT with ALA may reverse sedation, an important side effect of MIRT. Randomized controlled studies are needed to examine the clinical efficacy of this combination in human depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana de Queiroz Oliveira
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Caren Nádia Soares de Sousa
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Germana Silva Vasconcelos
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luciene Costa de Sousa
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Anneheydi Araújo de Oliveira
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Ingridy da Silva Medeiros
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Danielle Macedo
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Brazil
| | - Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Pomportes L, Brisswalter J, Casini L, Hays A, Davranche K. Cognitive Performance Enhancement Induced by Caffeine, Carbohydrate and Guarana Mouth Rinsing during Submaximal Exercise. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9060589. [PMID: 28598402 PMCID: PMC5490568 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of serial mouth rinsing (MR) with nutritional supplements on cognitive performance (i.e., cognitive control and time perception) during a 40-min submaximal exercise. Twenty-four participants completed 4 counterbalanced experimental sessions, during which they performed MR with either placebo (PL), carbohydrate (CHO: 1.6 g/25 mL), guarana complex (GUAc: 0.4 g/25 mL) or caffeine (CAF: 67 mg/25 mL) before and twice during exercise. The present study provided some important new insights regarding the specific changes in cognitive performance induced by nutritional supplements. The main results were: (1) CHO, CAF and GUA MR likely led participants to improve temporal performance; (2) CAF MR likely improved cognitive control; and (3) CHO MR led to a likely decrease in subjective perception of effort at the end of the exercise compared to PL, GUA and CAF. Moreover, results have shown that performing 40-min submaximal exercise enhances information processing in terms of both speed and accuracy, improves temporal performance and does not alter cognitive control. The present study opens up new perspectives regarding the use of MR to optimize cognitive performance during physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pomportes
- Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06205 Nice, France.
- CREPS PACA, 13080 Aix-en-Provence, France.
| | - Jeanick Brisswalter
- Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06205 Nice, France.
| | - Laurence Casini
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC, 13331 Marseille, France.
| | - Arnaud Hays
- Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7287, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Karen Davranche
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LPC, 13331 Marseille, France.
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Cadoná FC, Rosa JL, Schneider T, Cubillos-Rojas M, Sánchez-Tena S, Azzolin VF, Assmann CE, Machado AK, Ribeiro EE, da Cruz IBM. Guaraná, a Highly Caffeinated Food, Presentsin vitroAntitumor Activity in Colorectal and Breast Cancer Cell Lines by Inhibiting AKT/mTOR/S6K and MAPKs Pathways. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:800-810. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1324994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francine C. Cadoná
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jose L. Rosa
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Taiane Schneider
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Cubillos-Rojas
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Sánchez-Tena
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verônica F. Azzolin
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Charles E. Assmann
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Euler E. Ribeiro
- Third Age Open University, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ivana Beatrice M. da Cruz
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Gerontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Carvalho LV, Cordeiro MF, E Lins TU, Sampaio MC, de Mello GS, da Costa VC, Marques LL, Klein T, de Mello JC, Cavalcanti IM, Pitta ID, Galdino da Rocha Pitta M, Rêgo MJ. Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antineoplastic, and Immunomodulatory Activity of Paullinia cupana Seeds Crude Extract and Ethyl-Acetate Fraction. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2016; 2016:1203274. [PMID: 28053639 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1203274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Paullinia cupana (Guarana) is a native plant of Amazon region that has very traditional importance. Its seeds are rich in bioactive compounds, including tannins, which exhibit relevant properties. Objective. This study aimed to evaluate antibacterial, antineoplastic, and immunomodulatory activity of P. cupana seeds crude extract (CE) and ethyl-acetate fraction (EAF). Methods. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Antineoplastic activity was evaluated by MTT assays in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), ductal carcinoma (T47-D), non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma (Toledo), T cell leukemia (Jukart), and Acute Leukemia (HL-60) cell lines. BALB/c mice splenocytes were treated to assess IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-10 levels by sandwich ELISA. Results. CE and EAF were not toxic to peripheral blood cells and splenocytes. CE and EAF fractions showed a bacteriostatic activity (MIC = 250 μg/mL) and presented IC50 values of 70.25 μg/mL and 61.18 μg/mL in HL-60 leukemia cell line. All cytokines evaluated had their levels reduced after treatment, following dose-response model. Discussion and Conclusion. Different biological activities were observed for both CE and EAF, suggesting P. cupana as a source of bioactive substances, especially tannins that may be used for several diseases treatments.
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Arantes LP, Peres TV, Chen P, Caito S, Aschner M, Soares FAA. Guarana ( Paullinia cupana Mart.) attenuates methylmercury-induced toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1629-1638. [PMID: 28316775 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00161k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of routine guarana (Paullinia cupana) consumption on apparent tolerance to mercury intoxication has been proposed. The present study investigated this hypothesis in Caenorhabditis elegans, a suitable experimental model for studies in toxicology. Wild type (WT) and skn-1 (ok2315) worm strains were pretreated with guarana ethanolic extract (GEE) from larvae 1 (L1) to L4 stage and then exposed for 6 hours to methylmercury (MeHg). The analyses included evaluation of GEE's effects on lethality, developmental delay, feeding, locomotion, gene expression (sod-3, gst-4, sir-2.1, hsf-1, snn-1, mtl-1, mtl-2, aat-1, aat-2 and aat-3) and antioxidant activity. GEE pre-treatment had no aberrant effects on WT worms exposed to MeHg, and protected skn-1 (ok2315) worms, which are more susceptible to environmental stresses. Protective effects of GEE might be dependent on modulation of genes other than those directly involved in antioxidant activity. GEE increased the expression of genes involved in metal transport (aat-2), metal detoxification (mtl-1 and mtl-2) and antioxidant responses (sir-2.1 and sod-3). Thus, routine consumption of guarana might be beneficial in protecting against MeHg-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Priscilla Arantes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tanara Vieira Peres
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Pam Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Samuel Caito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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24
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Aline DAO, Maria IL, Adriano JEMCF, Emiliano RVR, Camila NDCL, Edith TV, Alana GDS, Klistenes ADL, Francisca EAFC, Danielle MG, Marta MDFCAF. Antioxidant properties of antiepileptic drugs levetiracetam and clonazepam in mice brain after in vitro-induced oxidative stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajpp2015.4358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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25
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de Gois JS, Almeida TS, de Andrade RM, Toaldo IM, Bordignon-Luiz MT, Borges DL. Direct solid analysis for the determination of Mn, Ni, Rb and Sr in powdered stimulant plants using high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry followed by chemometric classification based on elemental composition, polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Yonekura L, Martins CA, Sampaio GR, Monteiro MP, César LAM, Mioto BM, Mori CS, Mendes TMN, Ribeiro ML, Arçari DP, Torres EAFDS. Bioavailability of catechins from guaraná (Paullinia cupana) and its effect on antioxidant enzymes and other oxidative stress markers in healthy human subjects. Food Funct 2016; 7:2970-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00513f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Guaraná catechins are bioavailable and reduce oxidative stress in healthy individuals by direct antioxidant action and increase of antioxidant enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yonekura
- School of Public Health - University of São Paulo
- São Paulo-SP
- Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Mahler Mioto
- Heart Institute (InCor) - University of São Paulo Medical School
- São Paulo-SP
- Brazil
| | - Clara Satsuki Mori
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - University of Sao Paulo
- São Paulo-SP
- Brazil
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27
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Klein T, Longhini R, Bruschi ML, de Mello JC. Microparticles containing guaraná extract obtained by spray-drying technique: development and characterization. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Kober H, Tatsch E, Torbitz VD, Cargnin LP, Sangoi MB, Bochi GV, da Silva ARH, Barbisan F, Ribeiro EE, Cruz IBMD, Moresco RN. Genoprotective and hepatoprotective effects of Guarana (Paullinia cupanaMart. var.sorbilis) on CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2015; 39:48-52. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2015.1020546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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29
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Diamantini G, Pignotti S, Antonini E, Chiarabini A, Angelino D, Ninfali P. Assessment of antioxidant capacity of energy drinks, energy gels and sport drinks in comparison with coffee and tea. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Diamantini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”; Via Saffi 2 61029 Urbino PU Italy
| | - Silvio Pignotti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”; Via Saffi 2 61029 Urbino PU Italy
| | - Elena Antonini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”; Via Saffi 2 61029 Urbino PU Italy
| | - Andrea Chiarabini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”; Via Saffi 2 61029 Urbino PU Italy
| | - Donato Angelino
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”; Via Saffi 2 61029 Urbino PU Italy
| | - Paolino Ninfali
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”; Via Saffi 2 61029 Urbino PU Italy
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30
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Machado AK, Cadoná FC, Azzolin VF, Dornelles EB, Barbisan F, Ribeiro EE, Mânica-Cattani MF, Duarte MMMF, Saldanha JRP, da Cruz IBM. Guaraná (Paullinia cupana) improves the proliferation and oxidative metabolism of senescent adipocyte stem cells derived from human lipoaspirates. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pomportes L, Davranche K, Brisswalter I, Hays A, Brisswalter J. Heart rate variability and cognitive function following a multi-vitamin and mineral supplementation with added guarana (Paullinia cupana). Nutrients 2014; 7:196-208. [PMID: 25558905 PMCID: PMC4303833 DOI: 10.3390/nu7010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess cognitive performance and heart rate variability (HRV) following the ingestion of either a multi-vitamin-mineral preparation supplemented with 300 mg guarana (Ac); a caffeine supplement (C) or a placebo supplement (Pl). Fifty-six subjects took part in a randomized, double-blind crossover design, consisting of three experimental sessions ran on a different day. Cognitive performance was assessed using a go/no-go task and a simple reaction time (SRT) task. HRV was assessed in the time domain (RMSSD) and in the frequency domain (HF) and cognitive tasks were performed before ingestion, 15 min after ingestion and then every 15 min over the course of 3 h. Responses were faster (without change in accuracy) when the go/no-go task was performed between 30 and 90 min after ingestion of Ac (4.6% ± 0.8%, p < 0.05). No effect was observed on SRT task. A significant decrease in HRV was observed during the first hour under C and Pl, whereas HRV remained stable under Ac. The results suggest that the ingestion of a multi-vitamin-mineral with added guarana improves decision-making performance and is accompanied by a stable autonomic nervous system regulation during the first hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pomportes
- Laboratory of Human Motricity, Education, Sport and Health (EA 6309), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice 06205, France.
| | - Karen Davranche
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LPC UMR 7290, FR 3C FR 3512, Marseille 13000, France.
| | - Ioanna Brisswalter
- Laboratory of Human Motricity, Education, Sport and Health (EA 6309), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice 06205, France.
| | - Arnaud Hays
- National Institute for Sport Expertise and Performance, Paris 75012, France.
| | - Jeanick Brisswalter
- Laboratory of Human Motricity, Education, Sport and Health (EA 6309), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice 06205, France.
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Bittencourt LDS, Zeidán-Chuliá F, Yatsu FKJ, Schnorr CE, Moresco KS, Kolling EA, Gelain DP, Bassani VL, Moreira JCF. Guarana (Paullinia cupana
Mart.) Prevents β-Amyloid Aggregation, Generation of Advanced Glycation-end Products (AGEs), and Acrolein-Induced Cytotoxicity on Human Neuronal-Like Cells. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1615-24. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo da Silva Bittencourt
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Fares Zeidán-Chuliá
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Francini Kiyono Jorge Yatsu
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Schnorr
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Karla Suzana Moresco
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antônio Kolling
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Valquiria Linck Bassani
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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Mohi El-Din MM, Mostafa AM, Abd-Elkader A. Experimental studies on the effect of (Lambda-Cyhalothrin) insecticide on lungs and the ameliorating effect of plant extracts (Ginseng (Panax Ginseng) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) on asthma development in albino rats. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:243. [PMID: 24739272 PMCID: PMC3999737 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lambda-cyhalothrin (LTC) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide for agricultural and public health applications. This study was to determine the pathological alterations of LTC in lungs, which has not previously been studied, and the ameliorating effects of plant extracts (ginseng and garlic) on the development of asthma in albino rats. Methods Four groups (gps) of albino rats, (n = 20, average body weight = 200 gm with an age of 4 months), were formed. Gp 1 was kept as control. Gp 2 was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with LTC at a dose of 1/6 LD50 that is 9.34 mg/kg body weight (w.t.) daily for 21 days (d). Gp 3 & 4 were injected (i.p.) with ginseng at the dose of 200 mg/kg b.wt and garlic (Allium sativum L.) at the dose of 100 mg/kg b.wt., respectively, one hour before being given LTC at a dose of 1/6 LD50 (9.34 mg/kg b.wt.) daily. Each groups were divided into two sacrificed, at 15 and 21 d p.i. Blood and lung samples were collected for hematological and histopathological examinations. Results Hematological findings showed that the animals in gps 2 and 3, which were treated for 21 days, showed a significant difference in RBC counts (P > .001), Hb (P > .007), PCV% (P > .004), (P > .008) in comparison with the control group. Signs of cough and nasal discharge were seen in gp 2, which became mild in gp 4. Grossly, the lungs showed congestion and consolidation in gp 2. Histopathologically, macroabscesses and interstitial alveolitis were seen in gp 2, which led to obstruction in the lumen of the bronchioles at 21 d p.i. Meanwhile, thickening in the interalveolar septa with mononuclear cells was seen in gps. 3 and 4 at 21d p.i. Conclusions The study shows 3 gps of rats injected with LHC alone or combined with garlic and ginseng extract, each group were divided into two sacrificed (15 and 21 d p.i.). Lambda cyhalothrin causes bronchial obstruction in the lungs of the rats (15 and 21 d p.i), which decreased into mild to moderate interstitial inflammation in the rats given garlic and ginseng, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouchira M Mohi El-Din
- Pathology and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt.
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Okmen G, Turkcan O. A study on antimicrobial, antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. leaves. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2013; 11:116-20. [PMID: 24653563 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND [corrected] The aim of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antimutagenic potentials of methanol extracts from E. angustifolia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanol extracts were screened for antimicrobial activity against different species of 4 Gram positive and 3 Gram negative bacteria and one fungus. These bacteria included food pathogens. The leaf extract was tested using disc diffusion assay. RESULTS The methanol extract of E. angustifolia showed maximum inhibition zone of 16 mm against Yersinia enterocolitica. Whereas, the inhibition zone was not determined by methanol extract against Escherichia coli ATCC 1122 and Candida albicans RSKK 02029. The MIC was evaluated on plant extracts as antimicrobial activity. All of bacterial strains showed the lowest sensitivity to methanol extract of E. angustifolia (3.5 mg/mL), except Yersinia enterocolitica NCTC 11174. In addition, the plant extracts were tested against the stable DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free-radical. Finally, the methanol extract displayed a strong antioxidant activity (Trolox equivalent = 1.49 mM). Also, E. angustifolia methanol extracts were screened for their antimutagenic activity against sodium azide by Ames test in absence of rat microsomal liver enzyme (-S9). The results showed that E. angustifolia methanol extracts can inhibit mutagenic agents of sodium azide. The plant leaf extracts with the inhibition of 36% sodium azide showed moderate potential in decreasing mutagenic agents in Salmonella typhimurium TA100. CONCLUSION E. angustifolia methanol extracts have antimicrobial, antioxidant and antimutagenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Okmen
- Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, TURKEY
| | - O Turkcan
- Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, TURKEY
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Schimpl FC, da Silva JF, Gonçalves JFDC, Mazzafera P. Guarana: revisiting a highly caffeinated plant from the Amazon. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 150:14-31. [PMID: 23981847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Guarana (Paullinia cupana Kunth var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke) has been traditionally consumed by indigenous communities of the Amazon region. It is valued mainly for its stimulant property because of its high content of caffeine, which can be up to 6% in the seeds. AIM OF THE REVIEW The purpose of this review is to revisit this typically Brazilian plant, addressing economic considerations, the chemical makeup of the seeds and pharmacological properties so far investigated. RESULTS Guarana is primarily produced in the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Bahia, and approximately 70% of the production is used by the industry of soft and energy drinks. The other 30% becomes guarana powder for direct consumption in capsules or dilution in water, or it serves as a raw material for the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. In addition to its stimulant property, guarana has other therapeutic properties, which have aroused the interest of the scientific community. CONCLUSION This review shows that other guarana properties may be explored and how scarce are the studies regarding agronomic, plant pathology, physiology and breeding. So far, caffeine has been the main reason to study guarana and still will lead the researches because the demand for this alkaloid by food and pharmaceutical industry, and a strongly growing market related with beauty products. However, guarana has other components and there is great interest in studies designed to elucidate the effects of guarana's bioactive components and their potential pharmacological applications. Significant part of the guarana production in Brazil still comes from Indians tribes in the Amazon State, and any improvement in this plant, in any aspect, may propitiate a positive economic impact in their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Camila Schimpl
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, CP9109, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
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Basile A, Rigano D, Conte B, Bruno M, Rosselli S, Sorbo S. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of acetonic extract from Paullinia cupana Mart. seeds. Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:2084-90. [PMID: 23672664 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.784868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the acetone extract from Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis Mart. (Sapindaceae) seeds, commonly called guarana, were assessed against selected bacterial and fungal strains. We tested the extract against both standard American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and clinically isolated (CI) bacterial strains and three fungal strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values for bacteria and MIC and minimum fungicidal concentration for fungi were determined. The extract showed an activity against the nine bacterial strains tested, both CI and ATCC strains (MIC comprised between 32 and 128 μm/mL and MBC between 128 and 512 μm/mL), showing a significant antibacterial effect against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Also, the tested fungi were sensitive to the extract (MIC between 125 and 250 μm/mL). The contemporaneous presence of different bioactivities in the extract from guarana suggests this plant as a source of bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Basile
- a Department of Biology , University of Naples 'Federico II' , via Foria 223, 80139 , Naples , Italy
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Haskell CF, Dodd FL, Wightman EL, Kennedy DO. Behavioural effects of compounds co-consumed in dietary forms of caffeinated plants. Nutr Res Rev 2013; 26:49-70. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954422413000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Research into the cognitive and mood effects of caffeine in human subjects has highlighted some fairly robust and well-accepted effects. However, the majority of these studies have focused on caffeine in isolation; whilst caffeine is normally consumed in the form of plant-derived products and extracts that invariably contain other potentially bioactive phytochemicals. The aim of the present review is to consider the possible mechanisms of action of co-occurring phytochemicals, and any epidemiological evidence suggesting that they contribute to potential health benefits ascribed to caffeine. Intervention studies to date that have been conducted to explore the effects on brain function of the non-caffeine components in caffeine-bearing plants (coffee, tea, cocoa, guaraná), either alone or in combination with caffeine, will also be summarised. Research is beginning to accumulate showing independent effects for several of the phytochemicals that co-occur with caffeine, and/or a modulation of the effects of caffeine when it is co-consumed with these naturally concomitant phytochemicals. The present review highlights that more research aimed at understanding the effects of these compounds is needed and, more importantly, the synergistic relationship that they may have with caffeine.
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Rangel MP, de Mello JCP, Audi EA. Evaluation of neurotransmitters involved in the anxiolytic and panicolytic effect of the aqueous fraction of Paullinia cupana (guaraná) in elevated T maze. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2013005000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bittencourt L, Machado D, Machado M, Dos Santos G, Algarve T, Marinowic D, Ribeiro E, Soares F, Barbisan F, Athayde M, Cruz I. The protective effects of guaraná extract (Paullinia cupana) on fibroblast NIH-3T3 cells exposed to sodium nitroprusside. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 53:119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Portella RDL, Barcelos RP, da Rosa EJF, Ribeiro EE, da Cruz IBM, Suleiman L, Soares FAA. Guaraná (Paullinia cupana Kunth) effects on LDL oxidation in elderly people: an in vitro and in vivo study. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:12. [PMID: 23391102 PMCID: PMC3599679 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous experimental investigations have suggested that guaraná (Paullinia cupana Kunth, supplied by EMBRAPA Oriental) consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of cardiovascular metabolic diseases and has positive effects on lipid metabolism, mainly related to low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. As LDL oxidation is an important initial event in the development of atherosclerosis, we performed in vitro and in vivo studies to observe the potential effects of guaraná on LDL and serum oxidation. Methods The in vivo protocol was performed using blood samples from 42 healthy elderly subjects who habitually ingested guaraná (GI) or never ingested guaraná (NG). The formation of conjugated dienes (CDs) was analyzed from serum samples. The in vitro protocols were performed using LDL obtained from 3 healthy, non-fasted, normolipidemic voluntary donors who did not habitually ingest guaraná in their diets. The LDL samples were exposed to 5 different guaraná concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 μg/mL). Results GI subjects demonstrated lower LDL oxidation than did NG subjects (reduction of 27%, p < 0.0014), independent of other variables. In the GI group the total polyphenols was positively associated with LDL levels. Also, guaraná demonstrated a high antioxidant activity in vitro, mainly at concentrations of 1 and 5 μg/mL, demonstrated by suppression of CDs and TBARS productions, tryptophan destruction and high TRAP activity. Conclusions Guaraná, similar to other foods rich in caffeine and catechins such as green tea, has some effect on LDL oxidation that could partially explain the protective effects of this food in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Lima Portella
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harris R Lieberman
- Military Nutrition Division; US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM); Natick; Massachusetts; USA
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Shukla S, Mehta A, Mehta P, Bajpai VK. Antioxidant ability and total phenolic content of aqueous leaf extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bert. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:807-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu Z, Gao W, Man S, Wang J, Li N, Yin S, Wu S, Liu C. Pharmacological evaluation of sedative-hypnotic activity and gastro-intestinal toxicity of Rhizoma Paridis saponins. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 144:67-72. [PMID: 22960390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhizoma Paridis saponins (RPS) have been well studied for antimicrobial, anti-hemorrhagic, and anticancer effects. However, scientific information on RPS regarding the toxic and neuropharmacological effects is limited. In this study, the acute oral toxicity, sedative-hypnotic activity and gastro-intestinal toxicity of RPS were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The acute toxicity was carried out by administering single doses (800-5000 mg/kg) of RPS to adult mice. Rotarod test and sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis activity were used to evaluate the neuropharmacological effects on mice. Gastric emptying and intestinal transit were used to investigate the gastric-intestinal system effects. RESULTS A single oral administration of RPS dose-dependently caused adverse effects on the general behavior and mortality rate of mice. LD(50) value of oral acute toxicity was 2182.4 mg/kg, with 95% confidence limit of 1718.4-2807.8 mg/kg. In the test of sleeping mice, RPS acted in synergy with sodium pentobarbital at doses 250 and 500 mg/kg while motor coordination was not influenced within 120 min after treatment with RPS. Regarding the gastric-intestinal toxicity, RPS (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg) significantly inhibited gastric emptying but did not affect the intestinal transit. CONCLUSIONS RPS, which is a hypotoxic anticancer drug, possesses the sedative-hypnotic activity and gastric stimulus side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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Leite RP, Predes FS, Monteiro JC, Freitas KM, Wada RS, Dolder H. Advantage of Guaraná (Paullinia cupana Mart.) supplementation on cadmium-induced damages in testis of adult Wistar rats. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 41:73-9. [PMID: 22659242 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312447541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Paullinia cupana is an Amazonian bush whose seeds have long been used in folk medicine. However, most of the therapeutic properties attributed to this plant are broad and nonspecific, although an antioxidant activity has been reported. On the other hand, cadmium is a heavy metal known for increasing free radicals, hence resulting in cellular oxidative damages. This study was designed to evaluate whether Paullinia cupana is able to reduce cadmium-induced morphological impairment in Wistar rat testis. Adult male Wistar rats 110 days old were ip injected with cadmium (1.15 mg/kg BW [body weight]) and subsequently treated with P. cupana during 56 days. Furthermore, groups receiving either P. cupana extract or cadmium are mentioned. After the treatment period, testis samples were subjected to histological and stereological analyses. Moderate to severe testicular impairments were shown by the animals exposed to cadmium. However, the animals supplemented with P. cupana after cadmium exposure showed a significant decrease in the proportion of damaged seminiferous tubules. Also, P. cupana supplementation was effective in maintaining the number of Leydig cells per testis in the animals exposed to cadmium. In conclusion, P. cupana supplementation was partially efficient in preventing cadmium from damaging the testis of adult Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo P Leite
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Klein T, Longhini R, de Mello JCP. Development of an analytical method using reversed-phase HPLC-PDA for a semipurified extract of Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis (guaraná). Talanta 2012; 88:502-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mota VG, de Carvalho FL, de Morais LC, Bhattacharyya J, de Almeida RN, de Alencar JL. Antinociceptive activity of the chloroform fraction of Dioclea virgata (Rich.) Amshoff (Fabaceae) in mice. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:342816. [PMID: 21776190 DOI: 10.1155/2011/342816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute treatment with the chloroform fraction of Dioclea virgata (Rich.) Amshoff (CFDv) in mice produced decreased ambulation and sedation in the behavioral pharmacological screening. Doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg CFDv decreased latency of sleep onset in the test of sleeping time potentiation. In the open field, animals treated with CFDv reduced ambulation and rearing (250 mg/kg), as well as defecation (125; 250 mg/kg). Regarding the antinociceptive activity, CFDv (125, 250, 500 mg/kg) increased latency to first writhing and decreased the number of writhings induced by acetic acid. In the formalin test, CFDv (250 mg/kg) decreased paw licking time in the first and second phases indicating antinociceptive activity that can be mediated both peripherally and at the central level. CFDv did not affect motor coordination until 120 minutes after treatment. CFDv shows psychopharmacological effects suggestive of CNS-depressant drugs with promising antinociceptive activity.
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de Oliveira Campos MP, Riechelmann R, Martins LC, Hassan BJ, Casa FBA, Giglio AD. Guarana (Paullinia cupana) Improves Fatigue in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Systemic Chemotherapy. J Altern Complement Med 2011; 17:505-12. [PMID: 21612429 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2010.0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Riechelmann
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, ABC School of Medicine, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Auro Del Giglio
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, ABC School of Medicine, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
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Leite RP, Wada RS, Monteiro JC, Predes FS, Dolder H. Protective effect of Guaraná (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis) pre-treatment on cadmium-induced damages in adult Wistar testis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 141:262-74. [PMID: 20495888 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Guaraná (Paullinia cupana) is an Amazonian plant. Its antioxidant potential was demonstrated to be due to the high polyphenol concentration. On the other hand, one of the mechanisms underlying cadmium-induced cellular damage is free radical mediated, resulting in increased oxidative processes. This study investigated P. cupana's potential to attenuate cadmium-induced damages in Wistar rat testis. Adult male Wistar rats were either pre-treated with 2 mg/g body weight (BW) of powdered P. cupana seed during 56 days and/or injected with cadmium chloride at a dose of 1.15 mg/kg BW. After cadmium exposition (48 h), testes samples were evaluated by histological and stereological analyses. Both groups exposed to cadmium presented evident morphological alterations relative to control animals. A few rodents showed massive cell death in the seminiferous epithelium and intertubular space, indicating that some animals are more sensitive to cadmium. Despite the alterations observed in both groups, pre-treatment with P. cupana was effective in attenuating morphological changes in Leydig cells, as well as reducing inflammatory response, relative to animals exclusively exposed to the metal. Animals treated only with P. cupana presented a significant increase in plasma testosterone levels and a significant increase in volumetric proportions of seminiferous tubules, which are indicative of spermatogenic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Paula Leite
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, Physiology and Biophysical, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, P. O. Box 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-863, Brazil
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Krewer CDC, Ribeiro EE, Ribeiro EAM, Moresco RN, da Rocha MIDUM, Montagner GFFDS, Machado MM, Viegas K, Brito E, da Cruz IBM. Habitual intake of guaraná and metabolic morbidities: an epidemiological study of an elderly Amazonian population. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1367-74. [PMID: 21341338 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the associations of metabolic disorders and anthropometric and biochemical biomarkers of lipid, glucose and oxidative metabolism and the habitual ingestion of guaraná (Paullinia cupana, Mart. Var. sorbilis) by an elderly population residing in the Amazon Riverine region of the Maués municipality (Brazil). A case-controlled study was performed that included 637 elderly (≥60 years of age) patients classified as either those who habitually drank guaraná (GI, n = 421) or those who never drank guaraná (NG, n = 239) based upon their self-reported intake of guaraná. Indeed, the prevalence of various metabolic disorders was associated with guaraná ingestion. The prevalence of hypertension, obesity and metabolic syndrome in the GI group was lower than the prevalence found in the NG group. The NG group exhibited lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure values. The males in the GI group exhibited a lower waist circumference, on average, than the circumference found in the NG group, whereas the females in the GI group had lower cholesterol (total and LDL-c) levels than the control cohort. Additionally, a significant association was found between lower levels of advanced oxidative protein product (AOPP) and habitual guaraná consumption. The results constitute the first epidemiological study to suggest a potentially protective effect of habitual guaraná ingestion against metabolic disorders in elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina da Costa Krewer
- Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
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