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Oswal M, Varghese R, Zagade T, Dhatrak C, Sharma R, Kumar D. Dietary supplements and medicinal plants in urolithiasis: diet, prevention, and cure. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023:7148056. [PMID: 37130140 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urolithiasis has been a major health concern for centuries, primarily owing to the limited treatment options in the physician's armamentarium. However, various studies have underscored a lesser incidence of urolithiasis in cohorts predominantly consuming fruits and vegetables. This article aims to review various dietary plants, medicinal herbs and phytochemicals in the prevention and management of urolithiasis. METHODS To provide context and evidence, relevant publications were identified on Google Scholar, PubMed and Science-Direct using keywords such as urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis, renal stones, phytochemicals and dietary plants. RESULTS Growing bodies of evidence suggest the incorporation of plant-based foods, medicinal and herbal supplements, and crude drugs containing phytochemicals into the staple diet of people. The anti-urolithiatic activity of these plant bioactives can be attributed to their antioxidant, antispasmodic, diuretic, and inhibitory effect on the crystallization, nucleation and crystal aggregation effects. These mechanisms would help alleviate the events and symptoms that aid in the development and progression of renal calculi. In addition, it will also avoid the exacerbation of secondary disorders like inflammation and injury, which can initiate a vicious circle in turn worsening the disease progression. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results presented in the review demonstrate the promising role of various dietary plants, medicinal and herbal supplements, and phytochemicals in preventing and managing the precipitation of uroliths. However, more conclusive and cogent evidence from preclinical and clinical studies is required to substantiate their safety, efficacy and toxicity profiles in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitul Oswal
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Ryan Varghese
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Tanmay Zagade
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Chetan Dhatrak
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune Maharashtra, 411038, India
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Güzel R, Erïhan İB, Özaydin İ, Aydin U, Bağcioğlu M, Kocaaslan R, Yildirim Ü, Sarica K. Dose-dependant preventive effect of a herbal compound on crystal formation in rat model. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2023; 95:11114. [PMID: 36971199 DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2023.11114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To analyze the dose-dependent preventive effect of a plant-based herbal product on the new crystal formation in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 42 rats were divided into 7 groups and zinc discs were placed into the bladder of rats to provide a nidus for the development of new crystal formation: Group 1: control, Group 2: 0.75 percent ethylene glycol (EG); Group 3: 0.75 percent EG plus 0.051 ml of the compound; Group 4: 0.75 percent EG plus 0.179 ml of the compound; Group 5: 0.75 percent EG plus 0.217 ml of the compound; Group 6: 0.75 percent EG plus 0.255 ml of the compound; Group 7 0.75 percent EG plus 0.332 of the compound). The analysis and comparison focused on the disc weights, changes in urinary oxalate and calcium levels, urinary pH, and the histopathologic evaluation of the inflammatory changes in the bladder after 14 days. RESULTS According to the evaluation of discs placed in the bladders of the animals, animals receiving the herbal compound on a dose-dependent basis showed a limited increase in the disc weights values after 14 days, despite a considerable increase in animals receiving EG alone (p = 0.001). Further evaluation of the increase in disc weights on a dose-dependent basis in different subgroups (from Groups 3 to 7) demonstrated that the limitation of crystal deposition began to be more prominent as the dose of herbal compound increased. This effect was more evident particularly in comparisons between group 7 and others, according to LSD multiple comparison tests (p = 0.001). As anticipated, there has been no discernible change in the weight of the discs in the control group. Although urinary calcium levels in animals of Groups 2, 6, and 7 were significantly higher than the other groups, we were not able to demonstrate a close correlation between urinary oxalate levels and the increasing dose levels. Even though mean urine pH levels were statistically considerably higher in Group 3, there was no statistically significant correlation between the oxalate and calcium levels between all groups, and no association was seen with the administration of herbal agents. The transitional epithelium between the three groups of animals' bladder samples did not exhibit any appreciable difference according to pathological analysis. CONCLUSIONS In this animal model, the treatment of the compound was successful in lowering the amount of crystal deposition surrounding the zinc discs, most noticeably at a dosage of 0.332 ml, three times per day.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - İsa Özaydin
- Kafkas University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Surgery, Kars.
| | - Uğur Aydin
- Kafkas University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Surgery, Kars.
| | - Murat Bağcioğlu
- Bahçes ̧ehir University, Medical School, Departments of Urology, Istanbul.
| | | | - Ümit Yildirim
- Kafkas University, Medical School, Departments of Urology, Kars.
| | - Kemal Sarica
- Biruni University, Medical School, Department of Urology, Istanbul.
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de Farias Silva D, Simões Bezerra PH, Lopes de Sousa Ribeiro L, Viana MDM, de Lima AA, da Silva Neto GJ, Teixeira CS, Machado SS, Alexandre Moreira MS, Delatorre P, Campesatto EA, Rocha BAM. Costus spiralis (Jacq.) Roscoe leaves fractions have potential to reduce effects of inflammatory diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113607. [PMID: 33242625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Since drugs currently used to manage pain and inflammatory conditions present several side effects, the investigation of new anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agents from folk-medicine plants is an important approach. Costus spiralis (Costaceae) has been used in Brazilian medicinal teas to treat urinary infection, cough, inflammation, arthritis, among others. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study focused on investigating anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of fractions from C. spiralis leaves using animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adults Swiss mice were used in the following experimental models: acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin-induced nociception, hot plate, zymosan-induced peritonitis, and arthritis induced by complete Freund's adjuvant. RESULTS The presence of steroids was confirmed in all fractions. Flavonoids, condensed tannins and saponins were observed in EFL. In methanolic fraction leaves (MFL), the presence of flavonoids and pentacyclic triterpenoids was confirmed. Orally administered leaf fractions significantly reduced abdominal writhing. Fractions were ineffective in the neurogenic stage of the formalin test, but in the inflammatory stage, ethyl acetate fraction levaes (AcFL), ethanolic fraction leaves (EFL), and MFL significantly reduced paw licking time by 69.6 ± 11.9%, 58.2 ± 9.4%, and 79.6 ± 8.3%, respectively. In the hot plate test, the reaction latency was similar for treated animals and controls. However, in the peritonitis test, cell migration was significantly reduced in animals treated with chloroform fractions leaves ClFL (61.8 ± 11.4%), AcFL (58.7 ± 8.3%), EFL (39.2 ± 5.0%), and MFL (64.8 ± 4.4%). This was similar to the result observed in the chronic inflammation model, this time only the chloroform fraction was able to reduce paw edema. CONCLUSION Our results show that leaf fractions of Costus spiralis are capable of modulating peripheral nociceptive and inflammatory responses without effects on central nervous system being potential substrates for phytochemical purification, structural and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego de Farias Silva
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Simões Bezerra
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alyne Almeida de Lima
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Geraldo José da Silva Neto
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Claudener Souza Teixeira
- Universidade Federal do Cariri (UFCA), Av. Tenente Raimundo Rocha, 1639, Bairro Cidade Universitária, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Sônia Salgueiro Machado
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Magna Suzana Alexandre Moreira
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Plinio Delatorre
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Eliane Aparecida Campesatto
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL, Brazil
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Khan A, Bashir S, Khan SR. Antiurolithic effects of medicinal plants: results of in vivo studies in rat models of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis-a systematic review. Urolithiasis 2021; 49:95-122. [PMID: 33484322 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-020-01236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Urolithiasis is one of the oldest diseases affecting humans, while plants are one of our oldest companions providing food, shelter, and medicine. In spite of substantial progress in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms, treatment options are still limited, often expensive for common people in most parts of the world. As a result, there is a great interest in herbal remedies for the treatment of urinary stone disease as an alternative or adjunct therapy. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have been carried out to understand the efficacy of herbs in reducing stone formation. We adopted PRISMA guidelines and systematically reviewed PubMed/Medline for the literature, reporting results of various herbal products on in vivo models of nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis. The Medical Subject Heading Terms (Mesh term) "Urolithiasis" was used with Boolean operator "AND" and other related Mesh Unique terms to search all the available records (July 2019). A total of 163 original articles on in vivo experiments were retrieved from PubMed indexed with the (MeshTerm) "Urolithiasis" AND "Complementary Therapies/Alternative Medicine, "Urolithiasis" AND "Plant Extracts" and "Urolithiasis" AND "Traditional Medicine". Most of the studies used ethylene glycol (EG) to induce hyperoxaluria and nephrolithiasis in rats. A variety of extraction methods including aqueous, alcoholic, hydro-alcoholic of various plant parts ranging from root bark to fruits and seeds, or a combination thereof, were utilized. All the investigations did not study all aspects of nephrolithiasis making it difficult to compare the efficacy of various treatments. Changes in the lithogenic factors and a reduction in calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal deposition in the kidneys were, however, considered favorable outcomes of the various treatments. Less than 10% of the studies examined antioxidant and diuretic activities of the herbal treatments and concluded that their antiurolithic activities were a result of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and/or diuretic effects of the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslam Khan
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samra Bashir
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saeed R Khan
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Bashan I, Bozlu M. The possible litholytic effect of Ononis Spinosa L. on various human kidney stones—An in vitro experimental evaluation. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Afkari R, Feizabadi MM, Ansari-Moghadam A, Safari T, Bokaeian M. Simultaneous use of oxalate-degrading bacteria and herbal extract to reduce the urinary oxalate in a rat model: A new strategy. Int Braz J Urol 2020; 45:1249-1259. [PMID: 31808414 PMCID: PMC6909872 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2019.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Urinary stones with oxalate composition can cause kidney failure. Recent findings evidenced that probiotics are effective in reducing oxalate absorption in these subjects based on their high colonic absorption levels at baseline. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the simultaneous use of oxalate-degrading bacteria, Urtica dioica and T. terrestris extract in reducing urinary oxalate. Materials and Methods: Anti-urolithiatic activity of Urtica dioica and T. terrestris extract and probiotic by using ethylene glycol induced rat model. In this study, 4 strains of Lactobacillus and 2 strains of Bifidobacterium and also 2 strains of L. paracasei (that showed high power in oxalate degrading in culture media) were used. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=6). The rats of group-I received normal diet (positive control group) and groups-II (negative control group), III, IV rats received diet containing ethylene glycol (3%) for 30 days. Groups III rats received Urtica dioica and T. terrestris extract. Groups IV rats received extracts + probiotic for 30 days. Findings: The results show that the use of herbal extracts (Urtica dioica and T. terrestris) reduced the level of urinary oxalate and other parameters of urine and serum. Also, the accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidney tissue was significantly reduced. Conclusion: Considering that the formation of calcium oxalate crystals can cause inflammation and tissue damage in the kidney, the use of herbal extracts with oxalate degrading bacteria can be a new therapeutic approach to preventing the formation of kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhi Afkari
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Ansari-Moghadam
- School of Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Bokaeian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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7
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Wang S, Li X, Bao J, Chen S. Protective potential of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide extract against ethylene glycol-induced calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Ren Fail 2018; 40:618-627. [PMID: 30396308 PMCID: PMC6225371 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2018.1496935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate a Angelica sinensis polysaccharide aqueous extract as a preventive agent in experimentally induced urolithiasis using in- vitro and vivo models. Material and methods:Angelica sinensis polysaccharide was investigated in vitro to determine its antilithiatic effects on the formation and morphology of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals and was analyzed in vivo to determine its ability to prevent CaOx urolithiasis in rats subjected to ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis. Potassium citrate administration was used in the positive control group. The urolithiasis-related biochemical parameters were evaluated in the rats urine, serum and kidney homogenates. Kidney sections were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses, and urolithiasis-related phospho-c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase and kidney injury molecule-1proteins were evaluated by Western blot analyses. Results:Angelica sinensis polysaccharide exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of CaOx crystal formation. The in vitro assay revealed significant inhibition of crystal formation (6.99 ± 1.07) in the group treated with 4.0 mg/mL Angelica sinensis polysaccharide extract compared with the control group (58.38 ± 5.63; p < .05). In vivo, after treatment with ethylene glycol for 28 days, urinary oxidative stress, oxalate, creatinine, urea and urolithiasis-related protein were significantly increased (p < .05), except for serum oxidative stress (p > .05). The rats administered the extract of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide showed significantly decreased pathological change and CaOx deposition (p < .05) compared with the urolithiatic rats. Significantly reduced levels of urinary oxidative stress, oxalate, creatinine, urea and urolithiasis-related protein were observed in the Angelica sinensis polysaccharide treatment groups (p < .05) compared with the nephrolithic rats. Conclusion: The results presented here suggest that Angelica sinensis polysaccharide has the potential to inhibit CaOx crystallization in vitro and may present anti-urolithiatic effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbao Wang
- a The Emergency Center, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- a The Emergency Center, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou China
| | - Junsheng Bao
- a The Emergency Center, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou China
| | - Siyu Chen
- a The Emergency Center, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou China
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8
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Gholamnezhad Z, Ghorani V, Saadat S, Shakeri F, Boskabady MH. The effects of medicinal plants on muscarinic receptors in various types of smooth muscle. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2340-2363. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Vahideh Ghorani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Pharmaciutical Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Saeideh Saadat
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shakeri
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center; North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences; Bojnurd Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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9
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Sousa WCDE, T S Paz A, Rocha JD, Conceição ECDA, Almeida LMDE, Chen LC, Borges LL, Bailão EFLC. In vivo assessment of cyto/genotoxic, antigenotoxic and antifungal potential of Costus spiralis (Jacq.) Roscoe leaves and stems. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:1565-1577. [PMID: 29694495 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720170714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Costus spiralis is a Brazilian native plant used in popular medicine, but the safety of this therapeutic use needs investigation. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cytogenotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of C. spiralis leaves or stems aqueous extracts on Allium cepa root cells. Moreover, a phytochemical screening and an antioxidant and antifungal activities evaluation were performed. C. spiralis aqueous extracts presented cytotoxicity, but no mutagenicity was observed. When the antigenotoxicity was evaluated, C. spiralis leaves aqueous extract presented preventive and modulatory effects on A. cepa root cells, reducing the sodium azide cytogenotoxic effects. In contrast, C. spiralis stems aqueous extract enhanced the sodium azide cytogenotoxicity in some conditions. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic compounds in C. spiralis. When total phenolic content was determined, the leaves presented 73% more phenolic content than stems. Corroborating this data, C. spiralis leaves antioxidant potential was 30% higher than C. spiralis stems. However, these extracts did not present antifungal activity against Candida spp. In conclusion, empirical utilization of C. spiralis aqueous extracts should be avoided. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect of C. spiralis leaves and stems can play an important role in anticancer therapy and must be deeply studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendel C DE Sousa
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Iporá, Av. R2, Qd.01, Jardim Novo Horizonte II, 76200-000 Iporá, GO, Brazil
| | - Andressa T S Paz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento & Inovação de Bioprodutos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 240, Setor Leste Universitário, 74605-170 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Jamira D Rocha
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Iporá, Av. R2, Qd.01, Jardim Novo Horizonte II, 76200-000 Iporá, GO, Brazil
| | - Edemilson C DA Conceição
- Laboratório de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento & Inovação de Bioprodutos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 240, Setor Leste Universitário, 74605-170 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Luciane M DE Almeida
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Henrique Santillo, BR 153, nº 3.105, Fazenda Barreiro do Meio, 75132-903 Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Lee C Chen
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas I, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Câmpus Samambaia, Av. Esperança, s/n, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Leonardo L Borges
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Henrique Santillo, BR 153, nº 3.105, Fazenda Barreiro do Meio, 75132-903 Anápolis, GO, Brazil.,Escola de Ciências Médicas, Farmacêuticas e Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Av. Universitária, 1440, Setor Universitário, 74605-010 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Elisa F L C Bailão
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Henrique Santillo, BR 153, nº 3.105, Fazenda Barreiro do Meio, 75132-903 Anápolis, GO, Brazil
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Das P, Gupta G, Velu V, Awasthi R, Dua K, Malipeddi H. Formation of struvite urinary stones and approaches towards the inhibition-A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:361-370. [PMID: 29028588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Struvite is one of the most common urinary/kidney stones, composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MgNHPO4·H2O). They are also termed as infection stones as these are associated with urinary tract infections. Numerous studies have been carried out to examine the growth and inhibition of struvite stones. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes various reports on the factors responsible for inducing struvite stones in the kidney and gives a detailed account of studies on inhibition of growth of struvite crystals. RESULTS The presence of urea-splitting bacteria such as Proteus mirabilis and alkaline pH plays a crucial role in struvite formation. In vitro inhibition of struvite stones by various chemical agents were examined mainly in artificial urine whereas inhibition by herbal extracts was studied in vitro by gel diffusion technique. Herbal extracts of curcumin, Boerhaavia diffusa Linn, Rotula aquatica and many other plants, as well as some chemicals like pyrophosphate, acetohydroxamic acid, disodium EDTA and trisodium citrate, were reported to successfully inhibit struvite formation. CONCLUSION The present review recapitulates various factors affecting the growth of struvite urinary stones and the inhibitory role of certain chemicals and herbal extracts. Most of the tested plants are edible hence can be easily consumed without any adverse effects whereas the side effects of chemicals are unknown due to lack of toxicity studies. Thus, the use of herbal extracts might serve as an alternate and safe therapy for prevention of struvite stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Vinodhini Velu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Rajendra Awasthi
- NKBR College of Pharmacy & Research Centre, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 212, India
| | - Himaja Malipeddi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India.
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Das P, Kumar K, Nambiraj A, Rajan R, Awasthi R, Dua K, M. H. Potential therapeutic activity of Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis Hardow (Mabb) flower extract and its biofabricated silver nanoparticles against chemically induced urolithiasis in male Wistar rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:621-629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Das M, Malipeddi H. Antiurolithiatic activity of ethanol leaf extract of Ipomoea eriocarpa against ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in male Wistar rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2017; 48:270-4. [PMID: 27298496 PMCID: PMC4899999 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.182886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the prophylactic and curative effect of the ethanol leaf extract of Ipomoea eriocarpa (Convolvulaceae) (IEE) in ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 6). All the groups received stone-inducing treatment till 28th day, comprising 1% ethylene glycol (v/v) with 1% ammonium chloride (w/v) for 4 days, followed by 1% ethylene glycol alone in water, except Group I (Control). Group II received only stone-inducing treatment till 28th day. Group III (Standard) received cystone (500 mg/kg) from 15th day till 28th day. Group IV (Prophylactic) received IEE (200 mg/kg) from 1st day till 28th day and Group V (Curative) received IEE (200 mg/kg) from 15th day till 28th day. Various biochemical parameters such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, urea, and creatinine levels were evaluated using urine, serum, and kidney homogenate. The kidneys were also sectioned and examined histopathologically under light microscope to study the kidney architecture and calcium oxalate deposits. Results: The IEE treatment (prophylactic and curative) significantly (P < 0.001) restored the parameters in urine, serum, and kidney homogenate to near-normal level. The histopathological examinations revealed that calcium oxalate crystal deposits in the renal tubules and congestion and dilation of the parenchymal blood vessels were significantly reverted after IEE treatment. Conclusions: The leaf extract of I. eriocarpa reduces and inhibits the growth of urinary stones showing its effect as an antiurolithiatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonjit Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Himaja Malipeddi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kasote DM, Jagtap SD, Thapa D, Khyade MS, Russell WR. Herbal remedies for urinary stones used in India and China: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 203:55-68. [PMID: 28344029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHANOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The process of formation or appearance of a urinary stone anywhere in the renal tract is known as urolithiasis. It is a longstanding health problem, known to exist since early age of civilization. Records about symptoms, signs and treatment strategies of urinary stones diseases are found in the several ancient texts of traditional medicines such as Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Siddha and Unani. In Ayurveda, urolithiasis has been considered as one of the eight most troublesome diseases. Ayurvedic management and cure of urinary stone involves herbal formulas, alkaline liquids and surgical procedures. Whereas, TCM recommends polyherbal drugs, acupuncture and mexibustion for treatment of the urinary stones. Among these therapies, herbal remedies are in practice till today for the treatment and cure urinary stone diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive review of the scientific literature about pathophysiology of urinary stones and antiurolithiatic plants was undertaken using the following bibliographic databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar. The search was conducted from publications from all years until Dec., 2015 by combination of the search terms and Boolean operators; 'urinary stone' OR 'kidney stone' AND 'plant' OR 'medicine' OR 'antiurolithiatic plants'. Outputs were restricted to those completed studies only published in English. In this review, literatures about plants which are used as diuretic and/or in treatment urinary tract infections have not also been considered. The Plant List and Royal Botanical Garden, Kew databases were used to authenticate botanical names of plants. Books and monographs published in English were used to collect information about historical records of antiurolithiatic plants. RESULTS Recent pharmacological interventions accredited ancient antiurolithiatic claims to several plants and their formulations. The majority of antiurolithiatic plants were found to either dissolve the stones or inhibit the process of urinary stone formation. Plants such as Phyllanthus niruri L. and Elymus repens (L.) Gould, as well as herbal products including 'Wu-Ling-San' formula, 'Cystone' and 'Herbmed' have been proved their utility as promising antiurolithiatic medicines in the different phases of clinical trials. In addition, some of the isolated phytochemicals such as berberine, lupeol, khelin, visnagin, 7-hydroxy-2',4',5'-trimethoxyisoflavone and 7-hydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone were reported to have potent antiurolithiatic activity. CONCLUSION In ancient medicinal texts, antiurolithiatic potential has been ascribed to several plants and their formulations. Present scientific studies provide scientific evidences for few of these claims however, they are insufficient to establish many of these plants and herbal formulations as therapeutic remedies for the treatment and management of urinary stones. Conversely, findings of pre-clinical and clinical studies about some plants and herbal formulations are promising, which underlines the utility of herbal remedies as alternative medicines for the treatment and management of urinary stones in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak M Kasote
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK; Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Suresh D Jagtap
- Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dinesh Thapa
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
| | - Mahendra S Khyade
- Department of Botany, Sangamner Nagarpalika Arts, D. J. Malpani Commerce and B.N. Sarda Science College, Sangamner 422605, Maharashtra, India
| | - Wendy R Russell
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
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Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anti-urolithiatic activity of silver nanoparticles containing aqueous leaf extract of Tragia involucrata. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 7:439-449. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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An Explanation of the Underlying Mechanisms for the In Vitro and In Vivo Antiurolithic Activity of Glechoma longituba. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3134919. [PMID: 27840669 PMCID: PMC5093267 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3134919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To use in vitro and in vivo models to evaluate Glechoma longituba extract to provide scientific evidence for this extract's antiurolithic activity. Materials and Methods. Potassium citrate was used as a positive control group. Oxidative stress (OS) markers and the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were measured to assess the protective effects of Glechoma longituba. Multiple urolithiasis-related biochemical parameters were evaluated in urine and serum. Kidneys were harvested for histological examination and the assessment of crystal deposits. Results. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that treatment with Glechoma longituba extract significantly decreased calcium oxalate- (CaOx-) induced OPN expression, KIM-1 expression, and OS compared with the positive control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, in vivo rats that received Glechoma longituba extract exhibited significantly decreased CaOx deposits and pathological alterations (P < 0.05) compared with urolithic rats. Significantly lower levels of oxalate, creatinine, and urea and increased citrate levels were observed among rats that received Glechoma longituba (P < 0.05) compared with urolithic rats. Conclusion. Glechoma longituba has antiurolithic effects due to its possible combined effects of increasing antioxidant levels, decreasing urinary stone-forming constituents and urolithiasis-related protein expression, and elevating urinary citrate levels.
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Picanço LCDS, Bittencourt JAHM, Henriques SVC, da Silva JS, Oliveira JMDS, Ribeiro JR, Sanjay AB, Carvalho JCT, Stien D, Silva JOD. Pharmacological activity of Costus spicatus in experimental Bothrops atrox envenomation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2103-2110. [PMID: 27306958 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1145703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Medicinal plants encompass a rich source of active compounds that can neutralize snake venoms or toxins. Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw. (Costaceae) is used by the Amazonian population to treat inflammation, pain and other pathological manifestations. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of C. spicatus aqueous extract on edema, peritonitis, nociception, coagulation, haemorrhage and indirect haemolytic activity induced by Bothrops atrox venom (BAV). MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried and pulverized leaves were extracted with distilled water. Envenoming was induced by administration of B. atrox snake venom in Swiss Webster mice. The experimental groups consisted of BAV (at the minimum dose to induce measurable biological responses) and C. spicatus extract (CSE, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg/25 μl phosphate-buffered saline) administered individually and in combination (BAVCSE). PBS was used as a control. In vitro assays were also conducted in order to evaluate phospholipase A2 coagulant activities (indirect haemolytic method). RESULTS CSE significantly reduced the venom-induced edema and nociception at all concentrations tested and inhibited migration of inflammatory cells at the three least concentrations (5.0, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg/25 μl PBS). CSE was not effective in inhibiting coagulant, haemorrhagic and indirect haemolytic activities of the venom. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The data suggest that CSE could exhibit a central mechanism for pain inhibition, and may also inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. These findings corroborate the traditional administration of C. spicatus decoction to treat inflammatory disorders, including those caused by B. atrox envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juliane Silva da Silva
- a Toxicology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Science Course , Federal University of Amapá , Macapa , Brazil
| | | | | | - Antony-Babu Sanjay
- c Department of Food Science and Technology , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , NE , USA
| | | | - Didier Stien
- e Laboratoire De Biodiversité Et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, Observatoire Océanologique , Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS , Banyuls-sur-Mer , France
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The protective effects of an herbal agent tutukon on ethylene glycol and zinc disk induced urolithiasis model in a rat model. Urolithiasis 2016; 44:501-507. [PMID: 27159983 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-016-0889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate protective effects of Tutukon®, a plant derived herbal product, on the development of rat urolithiasis model. A total of 45 rats were divided into three groups namely; Group 1 (control group; drinking water + zinc disk), Group 2 (0.5 % ethylene glycol [EG] to drinking water + zinc disk) and Group 3 (study group-0.5 % EG + Tutukon + zinc disk). Moreover, zinc disks were placed into bladder of rats to serve as a nidus for stone development. Five rats from each group were killed at the end of the 1st, 2nd and 4th week. The level of bladder inflammation, the disk weights and the urine oxalate, calcium and pH values and were evaluated and compared. The inflammation scores of the pathological evaluation were not significantly different among three groups. At the end of the 28th day, weights of the zinc disks were significantly higher in Group 2 (394.4 ± 41.2) when compared to Group 1 (1517.5 ± 367.3) and Group 3 (386.2 ± 26.9) (p = 0.016). The disk weights increased gradually at 7th, 14th and 28th days in Group 1 (p = 0.018) and Group 2 (p = 0.009) while remained stable in Group 3 (p = 0.275). Urine calcium levels were not affected among three groups throughout the study period. At the end of the 28th day, while the urine oxalate levels of rats in Group 1 was lower than that of both Group 2 (p = 0.046) and Group 3 (p = 0.008); Group 2 and Group 3 had similar oxalate excretion levels (p = 0.701). However, the difference was not significant. Tutukon seems to decrease stone deposition on zinc disks implanted in the bladder of rats. The exact mechanism of this preventive effect is, however, not well understood.
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Pawar AT, Vyawahare NS. Antiurolithiatic activity of Abelmoschus moschatus seed extracts against zinc disc implantation-induced urolithiasis in rats. J Basic Clin Pharm 2016; 7:32-8. [PMID: 27057124 PMCID: PMC4804403 DOI: 10.4103/0976-0105.177704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The commonly used techniques for removing renal calculi are associated with the risk of acute renal injury and increase in stone recurrence which indicates an urgent need for alternate therapy. Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of Abelmoschus moschatus seed extracts in rats. Materials and Methods: Urolithiasis was induced by surgical implantations of zinc disc in the urinary bladders of rats. Upon postsurgical recovery, different doses of chloroform (CAM) and methanolic (MAM) extracts of A. moschatus seeds (viz., 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) were administered to disc implanted rats for the period of 7 days by the oral route. Antiurolithiatic activity was evaluated by measuring various dimensions of stones and estimating levels of various biomarkers in serum and urine samples. Results: A significant decrease in urinary output was observed in disc implanted animals, which was prevented by the treatment with extracts. Supplementation with extracts caused significant improvement in glomerular filtration rate and urinary total protein excretion. The elevated levels of serum creatinine, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen were also prevented by the extracts. The extracts significantly reduced deposition of calculi deposition around the implanted disc. This antiurolithiatic potential is observed at all doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) of MAM, whereas only higher dose (400 mg/kg) of CAM showed significant antiurolithiatic potential. Conclusion: The extracts of A. moschatus seeds possessed significant antiurolithiatic activity. The possible mechanism underlying this effect is mediated collectively through diuretic, antioxidant, and free-radical scavenging effects of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil T Pawar
- Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Pharmacology, MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Kothrud, Maharashtra, India
| | - Niraj S Vyawahare
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Pratishthan's, Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Pawar AT, Vyawahare NS. Anti-urolithiatic activity of standardized extract of Biophytum sensitivum against zinc disc implantation induced urolithiasis in rats. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2015; 6:176-82. [PMID: 26605159 PMCID: PMC4630725 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.165017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC (family: Oxalidaceae) has been used in the Indian indigenous system of medicine, Ayurveda, for the treatment of various health aliments including renal calculi. The present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-urolithiatic activity of standardized methanolic extract of whole plant of B. sensitivum (MBS) in rats. Urolithiasis was induced by surgical implantations of zinc disc in the urinary bladders of rats. Upon postsurgical recovery, different doses of MBS (viz., 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) were administered to zinc disc-implanted rats for the period of 7 days by the oral route. Anti-urolithiatic activity was evaluated by measuring various dimensions of stones and estimating levels of various biomarkers in serum and urine samples. A significant decrease in urinary output was observed in the disc-implanted animals, which was prevented by the MBS treatment. Supplementation with MBS caused significant improvement in glomerular filtration rate and protein excretion. The elevated levels of serum creatinine, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen were also prevented by the MBS treatment. The MBS treatment showed reduced formation of deposition around the implanted zinc disc. The higher dose of MBS (400 mg/kg) found more effective. These results indicate that the administration of MBS significantly prevents the growth of urinary stones. The possible mechanism underlying this effect is mediated collectively through diuretic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the plant. The results concluded that the methanolic extract of whole plant of B. sensitivum possessed significant anti-urolithiatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Tukaram Pawar
- Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India ; Department of Pharmacology, MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Kothrud, Pune, India
| | - Niraj S Vyawahare
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Pratishthan's, Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Jones ML, Roussel AJ, Ramsey WS. Development of a zinc implant-based model for urolithiasis in goats. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Aqueous extract of Costus arabicus inhibits calcium oxalate crystal growth and adhesion to renal epithelial cells. Urolithiasis 2015; 43:119-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00240-015-0749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Antiurolithiatic Activity of Extract and Oleanolic Acid Isolated from the Roots of Lantana camara on Zinc Disc Implantation Induced Urolithiasis. ISRN PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 2013:951795. [PMID: 23762599 PMCID: PMC3666204 DOI: 10.1155/2013/951795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The present study was done to evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of ethanolic extract of roots (ELC 200 mg/kg) and oleanolic acid (OA 60 mg/kg, O.A. 80 mg/kg, O.A. 100 mg/kg) isolated from roots of Lantana camara in albino wistar male rats using zinc disc implantation induced urolithiatic model. The group in which only zinc disc was implanted without any treatment showed increase in calcium output (23 ± 2.7 mg/dL). Cystone receiving animals showed significant protection from such change (P < 0.01). Treatment with OA and ELC significantly reduced the calcium output at a dose of OA 60 mg/kg (P < 0.01), OA 80 mg/kg (P < 0.01), ELC 200 mg/kg (P < 0.01), and OA 100 mg/kg (P < 0.001), as compared with zinc disc implanted group. The average weight of zinc discs along with the deposited crystals in the only disc implanted group was found to be 111 ± 8.6 mg. Group that received Cystone 500 mg/kg showed significant reduction in the depositions (P < 0.001). Similarly, the rats which received OA and ELC showed reduced formation of depositions around the zinc disc (P < 0.001). The X-ray images of rats also showed significant effect of OA and ELC on urolitiasis. Thus, OA and ELC showed promising antiurolithiatic activity in dose dependant manner.
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Manjula K, Rajendran K, Eevera T, Kumaran S. QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF LUPEOL AND STIGMASTEROL IN COSTUS IGNEUS BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.647196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Manjula
- a Department of Biotechnology , Periyar Maniammai University , Tamilnadu , India
| | - K. Rajendran
- a Department of Biotechnology , Periyar Maniammai University , Tamilnadu , India
| | - T. Eevera
- b Dryland Agricultural Research Station , Tamil Nadu Agriculture University , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - S. Kumaran
- a Department of Biotechnology , Periyar Maniammai University , Tamilnadu , India
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Albayrak A, Bayir Y, Halici Z, Karakus E, Oral A, Keles MS, Colak S, Zipak T, Dorman E, Uludag K, Yayla N, Gulcan E. The Biochemical and Histopathological Investigation of Amlodipine in Ethylene Glycol-Induced Urolithiasis Rat Model. Ren Fail 2012; 35:126-31. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2012.731999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rathod NR, Biswas D, Chitme HR, Ratna S, Muchandi IS, Chandra R. Anti-urolithiatic effects of Punica granatum in male rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 140:234-238. [PMID: 22285521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The traditional use of Punica granatum has been reported to regulate urine discharge and controls the burning sensation of urine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals model of calcium oxalate urolithiasis was developed in male rats by adding ethylene glycol 0.75% in drinking water. The Punica granatum chloroform extract (PGCE) and Punica grantum methanol extract (PGME) orally at 100, 200 and 400mg/kg, respectively, were administered along with ethylene glycol for 28 days. On 28 day, 24h urine was collected from individual rats and used for estimation of urine calcium, phosphate and oxalate. The serum creatinine, urea and uric acid levels were estimated in each animal. The kidney homogenate was used for the estimation of renal oxalate contents. The paraffin kidney sections were prepared to observe the CaOx deposits. RESULTS The ethylene glycol control (Gr.-II) had significant (P<0.001 vs. normal) increase in levels of urine oxalate, calcium and phosphate, serum creatinine, urea and uric acid and renal tissues oxalates, as compared to normal (Gr.-I). The paraffin kidney sections show significant histopathological changes. The treatment of PGCE and PGME at 100, 200 and 400mg/kg doses, significantly (P<0.001 vs. control) decreased the urine oxalate, calcium and phosphate, renal tissue oxalates and serum creatinine, urea and uric acid, in EG induced urolithiasis after 28 days. CONCLUSIONS The PGCE and PGME at the doses of 400mg/kg, found to be more effective in decreasing the urolithiasis and regeneration of renal tissues in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Rathod
- Department of Pharmacology, H.S.K College of Pharmacy, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.
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Protective effect of Flos carthami extract against ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 40:655-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00240-012-0472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Effect of Costus igneus stem extract on calcium oxalate urolithiasis in albino rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 40:499-510. [DOI: 10.1007/s00240-012-0462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Effect of hydroalcoholic extract from Copaifera langsdorffii leaves on urolithiasis induced in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 40:475-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00240-011-0453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Bayir Y, Halici Z, Keles MS, Colak S, Cakir A, Kaya Y, Akçay F. Helichrysum plicatum DC. subsp. plicatum extract as a preventive agent in experimentally induced urolithiasis model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 138:408-414. [PMID: 21963562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Since ancient times, various herbal preparations have been used in treatment of urolithiasis, which is basically formation of calcium oxalate stones in kidney. The aim of our study is to assess the effects of Helichrysum plicatum DC. subsp. plicatum (HP) as a preventive agent in experimentally induced urolithiasis model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficacy of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg HP extract was studied in 1% ethylene glycol and 1% ammonium chloride-induced urolithiasis for 21 days in rats. The weight difference and the levels of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid in both serum and 24h-urine were measured. The calcium oxalate (CaOx) and pH were defined in urine. Histo-pathological analyses in kidneys were also performed. RESULTS The rats' weights were higher in HP groups than urolithiasis group. Urolithiasis caused a significant increase in both serum and urine biochemical parameters compared to healthy rats. HP extract decreased levels of these parameters. Urine CaOx level was high in urolithiasis rats, whereas it was decreased by HP extract. Histopathological examinations revealed extensive intratubular crystal depositions and degenerative tubular structures in urolithiasis group, but not in HP treatment groups. CONCLUSION More studies will be necessary to elucidate the antiurolithiatic activity of HP. Nonetheless, having a beneficial effect in preventing and eliminating CaOx deposition into kidneys, HP extract may be a potential drug for urolithiasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Bayir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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Sekkoum K, Cheriti A, Taleb S. In Vitro Effect of Wheat Bran ( Triticum aestivum) Extract on Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis Crystallization. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100601008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Urolithiasis can lead to the loss of renal function in some cases. In this study, we tested the inhibiting effect of wheat bran ( Triticum aestivum L) extract on calcium oxalate crystallization in a turbidimetric model, by FTIR spectroscopy, and polarized microscopy. The results show that this plant extract has a major inhibitory effect on calcium oxalate crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Sekkoum
- Phytochemistry & Organic Synthesis Laboratory, University of Bechar, 08000 Bechar, Algeria
- Material & Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, D. Liabès University, 22000 Sidi BélAbbès, Algeria
| | - Abdelkrim Cheriti
- Phytochemistry & Organic Synthesis Laboratory, University of Bechar, 08000 Bechar, Algeria
| | - Safia Taleb
- Material & Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, D. Liabès University, 22000 Sidi BélAbbès, Algeria
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Jarald EE, Kushwah P, Edwin S, Asghar S, Patni SA. Effect of Unex on ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 43:466-8. [PMID: 21845008 PMCID: PMC3153716 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.83124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Unex capsule on albino rats as a preventive agent against the development of kidney stones. The Unex capsule is a marketed product of Unijules Life Sciences, Nagpur, containing the extracts of Boerhaavia diffusa and Tribulus terrestris. Activity of Unex was studied using the ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis model. Standard drug used was Cystone. Several parameters were used including urinary volume, urine pH, urine analysis, and serum analysis to assess the activity. The results indicated that the administration of Unex to rats with ethylene glycol-induced lithiasis significantly reduced and prevented the growth of urinary stones (P < 0.01). Also, the treatment of lithiasis-induced rats by Unex restored all the elevated biochemical parameters (creatinine, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen), restored the urine pH to normal, and increased the urine volume significantly (P < 0.01) when compared to the model control drug. This study supports the usage of Unex in urolithiasis and the utility could further be confirmed in other animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Edwin Jarald
- TIFAC CORE in Green Pharmacy, B. R. Nahata College of Pharmacy, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Pareta SK, Patra KC, Mazumder PM, Sasmal D. Establishing the Principle of Herbal Therapy for Antiurolithiatic Activity: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/jpt.2011.321.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Garcia D, Domingues MV, Rodrigues E. Ethnopharmacological survey among migrants living in the Southeast Atlantic Forest of Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2010; 6:29. [PMID: 21034478 PMCID: PMC2987905 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-6-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how people of diverse cultural backgrounds have traditionally used plants and animals as medicinal substances during displacements is one of the most important objectives of ethnopharmacological studies. An ethnopharmacological survey conducted among migrants living in the Southeast Atlantic Forest remnants (Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil) is presented herein. METHODS Ethnographical methods were used to select and interview the migrants, and botanical and zoological techniques were employed to collect the indicated resources. RESULTS We interviewed five migrants who described knowledge on 12 animals and 85 plants. Only 78 plants were present in Diadema, they belong to 37 taxonomic families; 68 were used exclusively for medicinal purposes, whereas 10 were reported to be toxic and/or presented some restriction of use. These taxa were grouped into 12 therapeutic categories (e.g., gastrointestinal disturbances, inflammatory processes or respiratory problems) based on the 41 individual complaints cited by the migrants. While the twelve animal species were used by the migrants to treat nine complaints; these were divided into six categories, the largest of which related to respiratory problems. None of the animal species and only 57 of the 78 plant species analysed in the present study were previously reported in the pharmacological literature; the popular knowledge concurred with academic findings for 30 of the plants. The seven plants [Impatiens hawkeri W. Bull., Artemisia canphorata Vill., Equisetum arvensis L., Senna pendula (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Zea mays L., Fevillea passiflora Vell. and Croton fuscescens Spreng)] and the two animals (Atta sexdens and Periplaneta americana) that showed maintenance of use among migrants during their displacement in Brazilian territory, have not been studied by pharmacologists yet. CONCLUSIONS Thus, they should be highlighted and focused in further pharmacology and phytochemical studies, since the persistence of their uses can be indicative of bioactive potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Garcia
- Department of Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Arthur Ridel, 275 CEP, 09941-510, Diadema, S.P., Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Domingues
- Department of Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Arthur Ridel, 275 CEP, 09941-510, Diadema, S.P., Brazil
| | - Eliana Rodrigues
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 1º andar - Edifício Biomédicas CEP 04023-062, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil
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Bouanani S, Henchiri C, Migianu-Griffoni E, Aouf N, Lecouvey M. Pharmacological and toxicological effects of Paronychia argentea in experimental calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 129:38-45. [PMID: 20138208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Renal protection and antiurolithiasic effects of two extracts of Paronychia argentea (PA), a traditional Algerian plant commonly known as Algerian tea, were evaluated. This study was carried out to determine whether the aqueous extract (APA) or the butanolic extract (BPA) of aerial parts could prevent or reduce calculi aggregation in experimental calcium oxalate (Ox) nephrolithiasis in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The two extracts (APA and BPA) were administrated orally and daily, during 28 days to nephrolithiasic treated rats at the dose of 250, 500 mg/kg b.w. and 10, 20mg/kg b.w. respectively. Body weight, renal index, liver index, serum level of creatinine, uric acid, urea, K(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Na(+) and transaminase (alanine aminotransferase, ALT; aspartate aminotransferase, AST), phosphatase alkaline activity (PAL) were evaluated following the 28 days treatment in rats. In addition histopathological changes in kidney and liver were stained in hematoxylin eosin (HE). RESULTS The effect of the extracts could be advantageous in preventing urinary stone retention by reducing renal necrosis and thus inhibit crystal retention. In contradiction with APA, the two doses of BPA attenuated elevation in the serum creatinine (p<0.01) and blood urea levels (p<0.01) (nephroprotective effect). However, the increase in ALT (27%) and PAL (31-51%) serum levels and in the relative liver weights (p<0.01) in the groups treated with doses of APA may indicate that this extract has not a hepatoprotective effect against oxalate toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The presented data indicate that administration of the butanolic extract of aerial parts to rats with NaOx induced lithiasis, and reduced and prevented the growth of urinary stones in experimental calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bouanani
- Département de Chimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, Université Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, Algeria
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Singh PK, Patil CR, Harlalka GV, Gaud NP. Zinc disc implantation model of urinary bladder calculi and humane endpoints. Lab Anim 2010; 44:226-30. [PMID: 20385652 DOI: 10.1258/la.2010.009084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The zinc disc implantation-induced urinary bladder calculi model in the rat is commonly used for preclinical evaluation of the antiurolithiatic activity of test compounds. Certain published reports state that relatively long durations for which zinc discs must be implanted in the bladders of rats. Hence, there is a need to refine this model. These investigations aimed to determine whether long-term studies using the zinc disc implantation model provide any additional data that affect the final outcomes of the study. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a well-known antiurolithiatic polyherbal drug, Cystone, for different treatment durations of 10, 20 and 48 days postimplantation. Our results indicate that even the shortest duration of 10 days is sufficient to reveal antiurolithiatic effects of a test drug. Hence, in the zinc disc implantation-induced urinary bladder calculi model, the study duration is proposed to be minimized so as to reduce the distress caused to the rats due to long-term exposure to the implant. Further, it is suggested that the growth of the bladder calculi can be monitored by taking X-ray radiographs of the bladder deposits to decide the time to terminate the study. Use of preformed calcium oxalate crystal instead of zinc discs, as suggested in earlier reports by others, may also be considered to avoid the sacrifice of rats at the end of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Singh
- R C Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Near Karwand Naka, Shirpur, Dhule District, Maharashtra, India.
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Evaluation of Pyracantha crenulata Roem for antiurolithogenic activity in albino rats. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12301-009-0029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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A traditional Chinese herbal antilithic formula, Wulingsan, effectively prevents the renal deposition of calcium oxalate crystal in ethylene glycol-fed rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 36:17-24. [PMID: 18040675 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-007-0122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of a traditional Chinese herbal formula, Wulingsan (WLS), on renal stone prevention using an ethylene glycol-induced nephrocalcinosis rat model. Forty-one male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 (n=8) was the normal control; group 2 (n=11) served as the placebo group, and received a gastric gavage of starch and 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) as a stone inducer; group 3 received EG and a low dose of WLS (375 mg/kg); and group 4 received EG and a high dose of WLS (1,125 mg/kg). Baseline and final 24 h urine samples were collected individually; biochemical data of urine and serum were also obtained at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. After 4 weeks, animals were killed and kidneys were harvested. The kidney specimens were examined by polarized light microscopy and the crystal deposits were evaluated by a semi-quantitative scoring method using computer software (ImageScoring). The results revealed that the rats of placebo group gained the least significant body weight; in contrast, the rats of WLS-fed groups could effectively reverse it. The placebo group exhibited lower levels of free calcium (p=0.059) and significantly lower serum phosphorus (p=0.015) in urine than WLS-fed rats. Histological findings of kidneys revealed tubular destruction, damage and inflammatory reactions in the EG-water rats. The crystal deposit scores dropped significantly in the WLS groups, from 1.40 to 0.46 in the low-dose group and from 1.40 to 0.45 in the high-dose group. Overall, WLS effectively inhibited the deposition of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal and lowered the incidence of stones in rats (p=0.035). In conclusion, WLS significantly reduced the severity of calcium oxalate crystal deposits in rat kidneys, indicating that Wulingsan may be an effective antilithic herbal formula.
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Zhao X, Yu G, Yue N, Guan H. Effects of low-molecular-weight polyguluronate sulfate on experimental urolithiasis in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 35:301-6. [PMID: 17929006 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-007-0113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Urinary macromolecules, especially glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), have attracted great interest as promising inhibitors of urinary stone formation. As an analogue of GAGs, low-molecular-weight polyguluronate sulfate (LPGS) with strong polyanionic nature was prepared by chemical modification of brown algae extract. The effects of LPGS both on ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis and Zinc disc implant-induced urinary bladder stone formation in Wistar rats were evaluated, and its acute toxicity in Kunming mice and Wistar rats were also investigated. The contents of renal oxalate and calcium in ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasic rats were decreased significantly from 5.01 +/- 0.96 to 3.26 +/- 1.31 mumol/g kidney (P < 0.01) and 20.11 +/- 4.60 to 11.83 +/- 3.54 mumol/g kidney (P < 0.01), respectively, after oral administration of LPGS at dose-level of 100 mg/kg. The renal crystal depositions and histopathological changes were reduced also. The formation of zinc disc implant-induced urinary bladder stones in rats was inhibited considerably after oral administration of LPGS at dose-levels of 50 mg/kg (P < 0.05) and 100 mg/kg (P < 0.01). The intravenous LD(50) and the oral maximum tolerance value of LPGS in mice are 6.29 and 25 g/kg, and in rats are 2.25 and 10 g/kg, respectively. These data show that LPGS has significant prevention effects both on nephrolithiasis and urinary bladder stone formation in rats, and negligible oral toxicity both in mice and rats. LPGS is a safe and promising drug candidate for the prevention of urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Institute of Marine Drug and Food, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.
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Wright CI, Van-Buren L, Kroner CI, Koning MMG. Herbal medicines as diuretics: a review of the scientific evidence. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 114:1-31. [PMID: 17804183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the health and wellness benefits of herbs and botanicals. This is with good reason as they might offer a natural safeguard against the development of certain conditions and be a putative treatment for some diseases. One such area may be the lowering of blood pressure in those where it is elevated (i.e., hypertension). One class of clinical medicines used to lower blood pressure are known as diuretics and work by increasing the excretion of urine from the body as well as the amount of sodium in urine. There are a growing number of studies purporting diuretic effects with traditional medicines. The aim of this article was to review these studies and identify which extracts promote diuresis (which we assessed on terms of urine excreted and urinary sodium excretion) and also to identify the research needs in this area. We identified a number of species and genuses reporting diuretic effects. Of these, the most promising, at the present time, are the species Foeniculum vulgare, Fraxinus excelsior, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Petroselinum sativum and Spergularia purpurea, and species from the genuses Cucumis (Cucumis melo and Cucumis trigonus), Equisetum (Equisetum bogotense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum giganteum, Equisetum hiemale var. affine and Equisetum myriochaetum), Lepidium (Lepidium latifolium and Lepidium sativum), Phyllanthus (Phyllanthus amarus, Phyllanthus corcovadensis and Phyllanthus sellowianus) and Sambucus (Sambucus mexicana and Sambucus nigra). However, there the number of studies is limited and we recommend that further studies be conducted to confirm reported effects. Such evidence is needed to provide scientific credence to the folklore use of traditional medicines and even be helpful in the development of future medicines, treatments and treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Wright
- Nutrition, Nutrition and Health Enhancement, Unilever Food and Health Research Institute, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, PO Box 114, 3130 AC, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
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Gürocak S, Küpeli B. Consumption of Historical and Current Phytotherapeutic Agents for Urolithiasis: A Critical Review. J Urol 2006; 176:450-5. [PMID: 16813863 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2006.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent years have shown a dramatic expansion in the knowledge of molecular mechanism of phytotherapeutic agents used to treat urolithiasis. The discovery and elucidation of the mechanism of action, in particular the clinical role of these herbal remedies, has made an important contribution to treatment for urinary stone disease as an alternative or adjunct therapy. Thus, the potential clinical application of these folk medicines to urolithiasis is discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature on phytotherapeutic agents with scientifically determined efficiency and historically consumed agents was reviewed using MEDLINE after 1940 to the present. RESULTS Although information on the complete mechanism of action of each remedy is lacking, commonly known extracts exert antilithogenic properties by altering the ionic composition of urine or by expressing diuretic activity. Also, some of them contain saponins that can disaggregate suspensions of mucoproteins, which are actually promoters of crystallization and some herbal remedies have antimicrobial properties that protect the anti-adherent layer of the mucosa, which acts as a protective barrier against urinary stone disease. CONCLUSIONS Although phytotherapeutic extracts are popular in folk culture, because of the absence of scientific data on the exact clinical role, efficacy and side effects of these herbs the potential consumption of this alternative medical therapy as an alternative or adjunct to classic therapy remains to be determined. In this respect scientific research designed to determine the exact mechanism of action of these drugs would be fruitful for willing investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Gürocak
- Department of Urology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Velazquez DVO, Xavier HS, Batista JEM, de Castro-Chaves C. Zea mays L. extracts modify glomerular function and potassium urinary excretion in conscious rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 12:363-9. [PMID: 15957371 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2003.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diuretic and uricosuric properties have traditionally been attributed to corn silk, stigma/style of Zea mays L. Although the diuretic effect was confirmed, studies of the plant's effects on renal function or solute excretion were lacking. Thus, we studied the effects of corn silk aqueous extract on the urinary excretion of water, Na+, K+, and uric acid. Glomerular and proximal tubular function and Na+ tubular handling were also studied. Conscious, unrestrained adult male rats were housed in individual metabolic cages (IMC) with continuous urine collection for 5 and 3 h, following two protocols. The effects of 25, 50, 200, 350, and 500 mg/kg body wt. corn silk extract on urine volume plus Na+ and K+ excretions were studied in water-loaded conscious rats (2.5 ml/100 g body wt.) in the IMC for 5 h (Protocol 1). Kaliuresis was observed with doses of 350 (100.42 +/- 22.32-120.28 +/- 19.70 microEq/5 h/100 g body wt.; n = 13) and 500 mg/kg body wt. (94.97+/- 29.30-134.32 +/- 39.98 microEq/5h/100 g body wt.; n = 12; p<0.01), and the latter dose resulted in diuresis as well (1.98 +/- 0.44-2.41 +/- 0.41 ml/5 h/100 g body wt.; n = 12; p<0.05). The effects of a 500 mg/kg body wt. dose of corn silk extract on urine volume, Na+, K+ and uric acid excretions, and glomerular and proximal tubular function, were measured respectively by creatinine (Cler) and Li+ (ClLi) clearances and Na+ tubular handling, in water-loaded rats (5 ml/100 g body wt.) in the IMC for 3 h (Protocol 2). Clcr (294.6 +/- 73.2, n = 12, to 241.7 +/- 48.0 microl/ min/100 g body wt.; n = 13; p<0.05) and the Na+ filtered load (41.9 +/- 10.3, n = 12, to 34.3 +/- .8, n = 13, p<0.05) decreased and ClLi and Na+ excretion were unchanged, while K+ excretion (0.1044 +/- 0.0458, n=12, to 0.2289 +/- 0.0583 microEq/min/100 body wt.; n = 13; p<0.001) increased. For Na+ tubular handling, the fractional proximal tubular reabsorption (91.5 +/- 3.5, n = 12, to 87.5 +/- 3.4%; n = 13; p<0.01) decreased, and both fractional distal reabsorptions--I and II--increased (96.5 +/- 1.5, n = 12, to 97.8 +/- 0.9%; n = 13; p<0.01; and 8.2 +/- 3.5, n = 12, to 12.2 +/- 3.4%, n = 13, p<0.01, respectively). To summarize, in water-loaded conscious rats (2.5 ml/100 body wt.), corn silk aqueous extract is diuretic at a dose of 500 mg/kg body wt. and kaliuretic at doses of 350 and 500 mg/kg body wt. In water-loaded conscious rats (5.0 ml/100 g body wt.), corn silk aqueous extract is kaliuretic at a dose of 500 mg/kg body wt., but glomerular filtration and filtered load decrease without affecting proximal tubular function, Na+, or uric acid excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V O Velazquez
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia-UFPE, s/n Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Influence of HSA on the properties of OA/OAM monolayers and the growth of calcium oxalate. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2003.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Williamson EM. Selected bibliography. Phytother Res 1999; 13:702-8. [PMID: 10594945 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1573(199912)13:8<702::aid-ptr595>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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