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Korpa A, Dervishi S, Volavsek J, Gjyli S, Andoni A. 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR assessment of the C-(A-) S–H nanomolecular structure of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) modified with pyrogenic oxides. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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2
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Structure, Fractality, Mechanics and Durability of Calcium Silicate Hydrates. FRACTAL AND FRACTIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fractalfract5020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cement-based materials are widely utilized in infrastructure. The main product of hydrated products of cement-based materials is calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gels that are considered as the binding phase of cement paste. C-S-H gels in Portland cement paste account for 60–70% of hydrated products by volume, which has profound influence on the mechanical properties and durability of cement-based materials. The preparation method of C-S-H gels has been well documented, but the quality of the prepared C-S-H affects experimental results; therefore, this review studies the preparation method of C-S-H under different conditions and materials. The progress related to C-S-H microstructure is explored from the theoretical and computational point of view. The fractality of C-S-H is discussed. An evaluation of the mechanical properties of C-S-H has also been included in this review. Finally, there is a discussion of the durability of C-S-H, with special reference to the carbonization and chloride/sulfate attacks.
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Nagao M, Kobayashi K, Hori T, Li Y, Hibino T. Humidity Driven Transition from Insulator to Ionic Conductor in Portland Cement. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12223701. [PMID: 31717595 PMCID: PMC6888100 DOI: 10.3390/ma12223701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to assess ionic conduction in anhydrous cement particles and hydrated cement pastes with aging periods of 5–25 days. When a cement sample was humidified (relative humidity = 100%) over the range of 50–100 °C, it exhibited bulk conductivities of 10−3–10−2 S cm−1, regardless of the hydration level, whereas the interfacial conductivities varied in the range of 10−7–10−3 S cm−1, depending on the structural defects or conduction pathways of the sample. Both the bulk and interfacial conductivities were increased to 0.01 S cm−1 or higher at 100 °C, although the sample required previous moistening with water mist. The major charge carrier in the sample was determined to be hydroxide ions, and the total ion transport number was approximately 1. Exposing the sample to a mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor caused a decrease in the bulk and interfacial conductivities; however, the bulk conductivity was returned to the initial value by treatment with an acid.
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Hughes CE, Walkley B, Gardner LJ, Walling SA, Bernal SA, Iuga D, Provis JL, Harris KDM. Exploiting in-situ solid-state NMR spectroscopy to probe the early stages of hydration of calcium aluminate cement. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2019. [PMID: 30772677 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2019.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a high-field in-situ solid-state NMR study of the hydration of CaAl2O4 (the most important hydraulic phase in calcium aluminate cement), based on time-resolved measurements of solid-state 27Al NMR spectra during the early stages of the reaction. A variant of the CLASSIC NMR methodology, involving alternate recording of direct-excitation and MQMAS 27Al NMR spectra, was used to monitor the 27Al species present in both the solid and liquid phases as a function of time. Our results provide quantitative information on the changes in the relative amounts of 27Al sites with tetrahedral coordination (the anhydrous reactant phase) and octahedral coordination (the hydrated product phases) as a function of time, and reveal significantly different kinetic and mechanistic behaviour of the hydration reaction at the different temperatures (20 °C and 60 °C) studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colan E Hughes
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Brant Walkley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Laura J Gardner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Samuel A Walling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Susan A Bernal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK; School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dinu Iuga
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - John L Provis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Kenneth D M Harris
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AT, UK.
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Laurencin D, Smith ME. Development of (43)Ca solid state NMR spectroscopy as a probe of local structure in inorganic and molecular materials. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 68:1-40. [PMID: 23398971 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Smith BJ, Roberts LR, Funkhouser GP, Gupta V, Chmelka BF. Reactions and surface interactions of saccharides in cement slurries. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:14202-14217. [PMID: 22834946 DOI: 10.1021/la3015157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Glucose, maltodextrin, and sucrose exhibit significant differences in their alkaline reaction properties and interactions in aluminate/silicate cement slurries that result in diverse hydration behaviors of cements. Using 1D solution- and solid-state (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the structures of these closely related saccharides are identified in aqueous cement slurry solutions and as adsorbed on inorganic oxide cement surfaces during the early stages of hydration. Solid-state 1D (29)Si and 2D (27)Al{(1)H} and (13)C{(1)H} NMR techniques, including the use of very high magnetic fields (18.8 T), allow the characterization of the hydrating silicate and aluminate surfaces, where interactions with adsorbed organic species influence hydration. These measurements establish the molecular features of the different saccharides that account for their different adsorption behaviors in hydrating cements. Specifically, sucrose is stable in alkaline cement slurries and exhibits selective adsorption at hydrating silicate surfaces but not at aluminate surfaces in cements. In contrast, glucose degrades into linear saccharinic or other carboxylic acids that adsorb relatively weakly and nonselectively on nonhydrated and hydrated cement particle surfaces. Maltodextrin exhibits intermediate reaction and sorption properties because of its oligomeric glucosidic structure that yields linear carboxylic acids and stable ring-containing degradation products that are similar to those of the glucose degradation products and sucrose, respectively. Such different reaction and adsorption behaviors provide insight into the factors responsible for the large differences in the rates at which aluminate and silicate cement species hydrate in the presence of otherwise closely related saccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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MacDonald JL, Werner-Zwanziger U, Chen B, Zwanziger JW, Forgeron D. A 43Ca and 13C NMR study of the chemical interaction between poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) and white cement during hydration. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2011; 40:78-83. [PMID: 21813268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
(43)Ca and (13)C NMR methods were used to study the chemical interaction of poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) (PEVAc) admixture in commercial-grade white cement. From (43)Ca NMR it is shown both that PEVAc induces modest changes in the hydrated cement structure, and that hydrated commercial cement is significantly more complex than models that have been used for its structure in past work. The (13)C NMR results show that the PEVAc hydrolysis occurs early in the cement hydration acceleration period, with a rate well-fit by an exponential decay using a time constant of 6±1 days.
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Rawal A, Smith BJ, Athens GL, Edwards CL, Roberts L, Gupta V, Chmelka BF. Molecular Silicate and Aluminate Species in Anhydrous and Hydrated Cements. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:7321-37. [DOI: 10.1021/ja908146m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Rawal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, Halliburton, Duncan, Oklahoma 73533, Roberts Consulting Group, 44 Windsor Avenue, Acton, Massachusetts 01720, and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Benjamin J. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, Halliburton, Duncan, Oklahoma 73533, Roberts Consulting Group, 44 Windsor Avenue, Acton, Massachusetts 01720, and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - George L. Athens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, Halliburton, Duncan, Oklahoma 73533, Roberts Consulting Group, 44 Windsor Avenue, Acton, Massachusetts 01720, and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Christopher L. Edwards
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, Halliburton, Duncan, Oklahoma 73533, Roberts Consulting Group, 44 Windsor Avenue, Acton, Massachusetts 01720, and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Lawrence Roberts
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, Halliburton, Duncan, Oklahoma 73533, Roberts Consulting Group, 44 Windsor Avenue, Acton, Massachusetts 01720, and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Vijay Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, Halliburton, Duncan, Oklahoma 73533, Roberts Consulting Group, 44 Windsor Avenue, Acton, Massachusetts 01720, and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Bradley F. Chmelka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, Halliburton, Duncan, Oklahoma 73533, Roberts Consulting Group, 44 Windsor Avenue, Acton, Massachusetts 01720, and RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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Moudrakovski IL, Alizadeh R, Beaudoin JJ. Natural abundance high field 43Ca solid state NMR in cement science. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:6961-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c000353k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gervais C, Laurencin D, Wong A, Pourpoint F, Labram J, Woodward B, Howes AP, Pike KJ, Dupree R, Mauri F, Bonhomme C, Smith ME. New perspectives on calcium environments in inorganic materials containing calcium–oxygen bonds: A combined computational–experimental 43Ca NMR approach. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bryce DL, Bultz EB, Aebi D. Calcium-43 Chemical Shift Tensors as Probes of Calcium Binding Environments. Insight into the Structure of the Vaterite CaCO3 Polymorph by 43Ca Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:9282-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8017253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David L. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Elijah B. Bultz
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Dominic Aebi
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Natural abundance 43Ca NMR study of calcium-containing organic solids: A model study for Ca-binding biomaterials. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nestle N, Galvosas P, Zimmermann C, Stallmach F, Kärger J. Direct investigation of the fate of NAPL contaminations in a hydrating cement matrix by means of magnetic resonance techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2004; 38:880-885. [PMID: 14968877 DOI: 10.1021/es034444h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of nonwatery solvent phases in hydrating cement pastes is of great interest in the context of solidification of wastes containing such phases. In a recent study, the influence of various solvents on the hydration kinetics of cement was studied. In this paper, we present results on the changes in the behavior of the solvent phases themselves during setting of the cement pastes. The methods used in the studies were NMR relaxometry and pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR diffusometry. To study selectively the behavior of the non-aqueous-phase liquid (NAPL) phases, heavy water was used in the preparation of the cement pastes. The experimental results are in good agreement with the observations from earlier studies concerning the behavior of toluene in hydrating cement. For aliphatic solvents (cyclooctane, n-hexanol), indications for surprisingly large networks of connected droplets in the cement matrices are found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Nestle
- Universität Leipzig, Abteilung Grenzflächenphysik, Linnéstrasse 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Beyea SD, Balcom BJ, Bremner TW, Prado PJ, Cross AR, Armstrong RL, Grattan-Bellew PE. The influence of shrinkage-cracking on the drying behaviour of White Portland cement using Single-Point Imaging (SPI). SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 1998; 13:93-100. [PMID: 9875607 DOI: 10.1016/s0926-2040(98)00080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The removal of water from pores in hardened cement paste smaller than 50 nm results in cracking of the cement matrix due to the tensile stresses induced by drying shrinkage. Cracks in the matrix fundamentally alter the permeability of the material, and therefore directly affect the drying behaviour. Using Single-Point Imaging (SPI), we obtain one-dimensional moisture profiles of hydrated White Portland cement cylinders as a function of drying time. The drying behaviour of White Portland cement, is distinctly different from the drying behaviour of related concrete materials containing aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Beyea
- MRI Centre, Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
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