1
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Goodman RS, Justice J, Gardner LJ, Singh R, Dewan AK, Johnson DB. Delayed and persistent multisystem toxicities of adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy for stage III melanoma. Eur J Cancer 2023; 192:113255. [PMID: 37595488 PMCID: PMC10900129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.113255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Goodman
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, US.
| | - Joy Justice
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, US.
| | - Laura J Gardner
- Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, US.
| | - Reena Singh
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, US.
| | - Anna K Dewan
- Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, US.
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, US.
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2
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Blackburn LR, Townsend LT, Dixon Wilkins MC, Ina T, Kuman M, Sun SK, Mason AR, Gardner LJ, Stennett MC, Corkhill CL, Hyatt NC. Underpinning the use of indium as a neutron absorbing additive in zirconolite by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9329. [PMID: 37291129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Indium (In) is a neutron absorbing additive that could feasibly be used to mitigate criticality in ceramic wasteforms containing Pu in the immobilised form, for which zirconolite (nominally CaZrTi2O7) is a candidate host phase. Herein, the solid solutions Ca1-xZr1-xIn2xTi2O7 (0.10 ≤ x ≤ 1.00; air synthesis) and Ca1-xUxZrTi2-2xIn2xO7 (x = 0.05, 0.10; air and argon synthesis) were investigated by conventional solid state sintering at a temperature of 1350 °C maintained for 20 h, with a view to characterise In3+ substitution behaviour in the zirconolite phase across the Ca2+, Zr4+ and Ti4+ sites. When targeting Ca1-xZr1-xIn2xTi2O7, single phase zirconolite-2M was formed at In concentrations of 0.10 ≤ x ≤ 0.20; beyond x ≥ 0.20, a number of secondary In-containing phases were stabilised. Zirconolite-2M remained a constituent of the phase assemblage up to a concentration of x = 0.80, albeit at relatively low concentration beyond x ≥ 0.40. It was not possible to synthesise the In2Ti2O7 end member compound using a solid state route. Analysis of the In K-edge XANES spectra in the single phase zirconolite-2M compounds confirmed that the In inventory was speciated as trivalent In3+, consistent with targeted oxidation state. However, fitting of the EXAFS region using the zirconolite-2M structural model was consistent with In3+ cations accommodated within the Ti4+ site, contrary to the targeted substitution scheme. When deploying U as a surrogate for immobilised Pu in the Ca1-xUxZrTi2-2xIn2xO7 solid solution, it was demonstrated that, for both x = 0.05 and 0.10, In3+ was successfully able to stabilise zirconolite-2M when U was distributed predominantly as both U4+ and average U5+, when synthesised under argon and air, respectively, determined by U L3-edge XANES analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis R Blackburn
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory (ISL), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S13JD, UK.
| | - Luke T Townsend
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory (ISL), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S13JD, UK
| | - Malin C Dixon Wilkins
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory (ISL), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S13JD, UK
- Institute of Materials Research, Washington State University, WA, 99164, Pullman, USA
| | - Toshiaki Ina
- Spring8 (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Merve Kuman
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory (ISL), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S13JD, UK
| | - Shi-Kuan Sun
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory (ISL), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S13JD, UK
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Amber R Mason
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory (ISL), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S13JD, UK
| | - Laura J Gardner
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory (ISL), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S13JD, UK
| | - Martin C Stennett
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory (ISL), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S13JD, UK
| | - Claire L Corkhill
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory (ISL), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S13JD, UK
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1RJ, Bristol, UK
| | - Neil C Hyatt
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory (ISL), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S13JD, UK
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, WA, 99164, Pullman, USA
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3
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Tan Y, Gardner LJ, Walkley B, Hussein OH, Ding H, Sun S, Yu H, Hyatt NC. Optimization of Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cements Using Ultrafine Fly Ash and Fly Ash. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2023; 11:3194-3207. [PMID: 36874194 PMCID: PMC9976352 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c04987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ultrafine fly ash (UFA) and fly ash (FA) on the physical properties, phase assemblage, and microstructure of magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) was investigated. This study revealed that the UFA addition does not affect the calorimetry hydration peak associated with MKPC formation when normalized to the reactive components (MgO and KH2PO4). However, there is an indication that greater UFA additions lead to an increased reaction duration, suggesting the potential formation of secondary reaction products. The addition of a UFA:FA blend can delay the hydration and the setting time of MKPC, enhancing workability. MgKPO4·6H2O was the main crystalline phase observed in all systems; however, at low replacement levels in the UFA-only system (<30 wt %), Mg2KH(PO4)2·15H2O was also observed by XRD, SEM/EDS, TGA, and NMR (31P MAS, 1H-31P CP MAS). Detailed SEM/EDS and MAS NMR investigations (27Al, 29Si, 31P) demonstrated that the role of UFA and UFA:FA was mainly as a filler and diluent. Overall, the optimized formulation was determined to contain 40 wt % fly ash (10 wt % UFA and 30 wt % FA (U10F30)), which achieved the highest compressive strength and fluidity and produced a dense microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshan Tan
- College
of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou
University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- NucleUS
Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Laura J. Gardner
- NucleUS
Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Brant Walkley
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Oday H. Hussein
- NucleUS
Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Hao Ding
- NucleUS
Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Shikuan Sun
- NucleUS
Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
- School
of Material Science and Energy Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Hongfa Yu
- Department
of Civil and Airport Engineering, Nanjing
University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Neil C. Hyatt
- NucleUS
Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
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4
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Blackburn LR, Townsend LT, Lawson SM, Mason AR, Stennett MC, Sun SK, Gardner LJ, Maddrell ER, Corkhill CL, Hyatt NC. Phase Evolution in the CaZrTi 2O 7-Dy 2Ti 2O 7 System: A Potential Host Phase for Minor Actinide Immobilization. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5744-5756. [PMID: 35377149 PMCID: PMC9019813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Zirconolite
is considered to be a suitable wasteform material for
the immobilization of Pu and other minor actinide species produced
through advanced nuclear separations. Here, we present a comprehensive
investigation of Dy3+ incorporation within the self-charge
balancing zirconolite Ca1–xZr1–xDy2xTi2O7 solid solution, with the view to simulate
trivalent minor actinide immobilization. Compositions in the substitution
range 0.10 ≤ x ≤ 1.00 (Δx = 0.10) were fabricated by a conventional mixed oxide
synthesis, with a two-step sintering regime at 1400 °C in air
for 48 h. Three distinct coexisting phase fields were identified,
with single-phase zirconolite-2M identified only for x = 0.10. A structural transformation from zirconolite-2M to zirconolite-4M
occurred in the range 0.20 ≤ x ≤ 0.30,
while a mixed-phase assemblage of zirconolite-4M and cubic pyrochlore
was evident at Dy concentrations 0.40 ≤ x ≤
0.50. Compositions for which x ≥ 0.60 were
consistent with single-phase pyrochlore. The formation of zirconolite-4M
and pyrochlore polytype phases, with increasing Dy content, was confirmed
by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, coupled with
selected area electron diffraction. Analysis of the Dy L3-edge XANES region confirmed that Dy was present uniformly as Dy3+, remaining analogous to Am3+. Fitting of the
EXAFS region was consistent with Dy3+ cations distributed
across both Ca2+ and Zr4+ sites in both zirconolite-2M
and 4M, in agreement with the targeted self-compensating substitution
scheme, whereas Dy3+ was 8-fold coordinated in the pyrochlore
structure. The observed phase fields were contextualized within the
existing literature, demonstrating that phase transitions in CaZrTi2O7–REE3+Ti2O7 binary solid solutions are fundamentally controlled by the ratio
of ionic radius of REE3+ cations. Zirconolite (CaZrTi2O7) ceramics are
candidate wasteform materials for Pu and other minor actinides. Herein,
the Ca1−xZr1−xDy2xTi2O7 solid solution was fabricated by a conventional mixed oxide
synthesis, with Dy3+ included as a structural simulant
for Am3+. A phase transformation from zirconolite-2M to
zirconolite-4M was observed at low Dy concentrations (0.20 ≤ x ≤ 0.30) after which cubic pyrochlore was stabilized
as the dominant phase. Observations and interpretations were supported
by electron diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis R Blackburn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Immobilisation Science Laboratory, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Luke T Townsend
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Immobilisation Science Laboratory, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Sebastian M Lawson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Immobilisation Science Laboratory, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.,GeoRoc International (GRI) Ltd, Whitehaven, Cumbria CA28 8PF, U.K
| | - Amber R Mason
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Immobilisation Science Laboratory, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Martin C Stennett
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Immobilisation Science Laboratory, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Shi-Kuan Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Immobilisation Science Laboratory, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.,School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Laura J Gardner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Immobilisation Science Laboratory, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Ewan R Maddrell
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Workington, Cumbria CA20 1PJ, U.K
| | - Claire L Corkhill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Immobilisation Science Laboratory, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Neil C Hyatt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Immobilisation Science Laboratory, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
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5
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Gardner LJ, Walling SA, Corkhill CL, Hyatt NC. Thermal treatment of Cs-exchanged chabazite by hot isostatic pressing to support decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. J Hazard Mater 2021; 413:125250. [PMID: 33581672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ion exchange materials are used widely for the removal of radionuclides from contaminated water at nuclear licensed sites, during normal operating procedures, decommissioning and in accident clean-up, such as the ongoing recovery operation at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Framework silicate inorganic ion exchange materials, such as chabazite ((Na0.14K1.03Ca1.00Mg0.17)[Al3.36Si8.53O24]•9.7H2O), have shown particular selectivity towards 137Cs uptake, but their safe storage poses a number challenges requiring conditioning into passively safe waste packages of minimal volume. We demonstrate the transformation of Cs-exchanged chabazite into a glass-ceramic wasteform by hot isostatic pressing to produce a durable consolidated monolith. The application of heat and pressure resulted in the collapse of the chabazite framework, forming crystalline Cs-substituted leucite (Cs0.15(3)K0.57(4)Al0.90(4)Si2.24(5)O6) incorporated within a K2O-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass. The Cs partitioned preferentially into the Cs/K-feldspar which incorporated ~77% of the Cs2O inventory. Analysis of the chemical durability of the glass-ceramic wasteform revealed that the Cs release rates were comparable or lower than those reported for vitrified high level and intermediate level wastes. Overall, hot isostatic pressing was demonstrated to be an effective processing technology for conditioning spent inorganic ion exchange materials by yielding durable and passively safe wasteforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Gardner
- NucleUS Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Sam A Walling
- NucleUS Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Claire L Corkhill
- NucleUS Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Neil C Hyatt
- NucleUS Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
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6
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Walling SA, Kauffmann MN, Gardner LJ, Bailey DJ, Stennett MC, Corkhill CL, Hyatt NC. Characterisation and disposability assessment of multi-waste stream in-container vitrified products for higher activity radioactive waste. J Hazard Mater 2021; 401:123764. [PMID: 33113733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Materials from GeoMelt® In-Container Vitrification (ICV)™ of simulant UK nuclear wastes were characterised to understand the partitioning of elements, including inactive surrogates for radionuclide species of interest, within the heterogeneous products. Aqueous durability analysis was performed to assess the potential disposability of the resulting wasteforms. The vitrification trial aimed to immobilise a variety of simulant legacy waste streams representative of decommissioning operations in the UK, including plutonium contaminated material, Magnox sludges and ion-exchange materials, which were vitrified upon the addition of glass forming additives. Two trials with different wastes were characterised, with the resultant vitreous wasteforms comprising olivine and pyroxene crystalline minerals within glassy matrices. Plutonium surrogate elements were immobilised within the glassy fraction rather than partitioning into crystalline phases. All vitrified products exhibited comparable or improved durability to existing UK high level waste vitrified nuclear wasteforms over a 28 day period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam A Walling
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus N Kauffmann
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J Gardner
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Bailey
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C Stennett
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L Corkhill
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Hyatt
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom.
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7
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Gardner LJ, Walling SA, Lawson SM, Sun S, Bernal SA, Corkhill CL, Provis JL, Apperley DC, Iuga D, Hanna JV, Hyatt NC. Characterization of and Structural Insight into Struvite-K, MgKPO 4·6H 2O, an Analogue of Struvite. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:195-205. [PMID: 33315376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Struvite-K (MgKPO4·6H2O) is a magnesium potassium phosphate mineral with naturally cementitious properties, which is finding increasing usage as an inorganic cement for niche applications including nuclear waste management and rapid road repair. Struvite-K is also of interest in sustainable phosphate recovery from wastewater and, as such, a detailed knowledge of the crystal chemistry and high-temperature behavior is required to support further laboratory investigations and industrial applications. In this study, the local chemical environments of synthetic struvite-K were investigated using high-field solid-state 25Mg and 39K MAS NMR techniques, alongside 31P MAS NMR and thermal analysis. A single resonance was present in each of the 25Mg and 39K MAS NMR spectra, reported here for the first time alongside the experimental and calculated isotropic chemical shifts, which were comparable to the available data for isostructural struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O). An in situ high-temperature XRD analysis of struvite-K revealed the presence of a crystalline-amorphous-crystalline transition that occurred between 30 and 350 °C, following the single dehydration step of struvite-K. Between 50 and 300 °C, struvite-K dehydration yielded a transient disordered (amorphous) phase identified here for the first time, denoted δ-MgKPO4. At 350 °C, recrystallization was observed, yielding β-MgKPO4, commensurate with an endothermic DTA event. A subsequent phase transition to γ-MgKPO4 was observed on further heating, which reversed on cooling, resulting in the α-MgKPO4 structure stabilized at room temperature. This behavior was dissimilar from that of struvite exposed to high temperature, where NH4 liberation occurs at temperatures >50 °C, indicating that struvite-K could potentially withstand high temperatures via a transition to MgKPO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Gardner
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Samuel A Walling
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Sebastian M Lawson
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Shikuan Sun
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Susan A Bernal
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Claire L Corkhill
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - John L Provis
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - David C Apperley
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road ,Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Dinu Iuga
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - John V Hanna
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Neil C Hyatt
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
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8
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Blackburn LR, Sun SK, Lawson SM, Gardner LJ, Ding H, Corkhill CL, Maddrell ER, Stennett MC, Hyatt NC. Synthesis and characterisation of Ca1-xCexZrTi2-2xCr2xO7: Analogue zirconolite wasteform for the immobilisation of stockpiled UK plutonium. Ann Ital Chir 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Truong A, Secrest AM, Zhang M, Forbes BR, Laggis CW, McFadden M, Gardner LJ, Powell DL, Lewis BKH. A survey of dermatologic health-related quality of life and resource access in patients experiencing homelessness. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 85:775-778. [PMID: 32860915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Truong
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Aaron M Secrest
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Minyuan Zhang
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | - Molly McFadden
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Laura J Gardner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Douglas L Powell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Fourth Street Clinic, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Bethany K H Lewis
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Fourth Street Clinic, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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10
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Nieminen M, Olin M, Laatikainen-Luntama J, Wickham SM, Doudou S, Fuller AJ, Kent J, Fournier M, Clarke S, Scales C, Hyatt NC, Walling SA, Gardner LJ, Catherin S, Frasca B. Thermal treatment for radioactive waste minimisation. EPJ Nuclear Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjn/2019040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Safe management of radioactive waste is challenging to waste producers and waste management organisations. Deployment of thermal treatment technologies can provide significant improvements: volume reduction, waste passivation, organics destruction, safety demonstration facilitation, etc. The EC-funded THERAMIN project enables an EU-wide strategic review and assessment of the value of thermal treatment technologies applicable to Low and Intermediate Level waste streams (ion exchange media, soft operational waste, sludges, organic waste, and liquids). THERAMIN compiles an EU-wide database of wastes, which could be treated by thermal technologies and documents available thermal technologies. Applicability and benefits of technologies to the identified waste streams will be evaluated through full-scale demonstration tests by project partners. Safety case implications will also be assessed through the study of the disposability of thermally treated waste products. This paper will communicate the strategic aims of the ongoing project and highlight some key findings and results achieved to date.
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11
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Varedi A, Gardner LJ, Kim CC, Chu EY, Ming ME, Leachman SA, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Swetter SM, Grossman D. Use of new molecular tests for melanoma by pigmented-lesion experts. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 82:245-247. [PMID: 31415835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Varedi
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City
| | | | - Caroline C Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Emily Y Chu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Michael E Ming
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Sancy A Leachman
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland
| | | | - Susan M Swetter
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University Medical Center and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Douglas Grossman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City.
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12
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Hughes CE, Walkley B, Gardner LJ, Walling SA, Bernal SA, Iuga D, Provis JL, Harris KDM. Exploiting in-situ solid-state NMR spectroscopy to probe the early stages of hydration of calcium aluminate cement. Solid State Nucl Magn Reson 2019; 99:1-6. [PMID: 30772677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a high-field in-situ solid-state NMR study of the hydration of CaAl2O4 (the most important hydraulic phase in calcium aluminate cement), based on time-resolved measurements of solid-state 27Al NMR spectra during the early stages of the reaction. A variant of the CLASSIC NMR methodology, involving alternate recording of direct-excitation and MQMAS 27Al NMR spectra, was used to monitor the 27Al species present in both the solid and liquid phases as a function of time. Our results provide quantitative information on the changes in the relative amounts of 27Al sites with tetrahedral coordination (the anhydrous reactant phase) and octahedral coordination (the hydrated product phases) as a function of time, and reveal significantly different kinetic and mechanistic behaviour of the hydration reaction at the different temperatures (20 °C and 60 °C) studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colan E Hughes
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Brant Walkley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Laura J Gardner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Samuel A Walling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Susan A Bernal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK; School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dinu Iuga
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - John L Provis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Kenneth D M Harris
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AT, UK.
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13
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Hughes CE, Walkley B, Gardner LJ, Walling SA, Bernal SA, Iuga D, Provis JL, Harris KDM. Exploiting in-situ solid-state NMR spectroscopy to probe the early stages of hydration of calcium aluminate cement. Solid State Nucl Magn Reson 2019. [PMID: 30772677 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2019.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a high-field in-situ solid-state NMR study of the hydration of CaAl2O4 (the most important hydraulic phase in calcium aluminate cement), based on time-resolved measurements of solid-state 27Al NMR spectra during the early stages of the reaction. A variant of the CLASSIC NMR methodology, involving alternate recording of direct-excitation and MQMAS 27Al NMR spectra, was used to monitor the 27Al species present in both the solid and liquid phases as a function of time. Our results provide quantitative information on the changes in the relative amounts of 27Al sites with tetrahedral coordination (the anhydrous reactant phase) and octahedral coordination (the hydrated product phases) as a function of time, and reveal significantly different kinetic and mechanistic behaviour of the hydration reaction at the different temperatures (20 °C and 60 °C) studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colan E Hughes
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Brant Walkley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Laura J Gardner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Samuel A Walling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Susan A Bernal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK; School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dinu Iuga
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - John L Provis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Kenneth D M Harris
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AT, UK.
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14
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Gardner LJ, Strunck JL, Wu YP, Grossman D. Current controversies in early-stage melanoma: Questions on incidence, screening, and histologic regression. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 80:1-12. [PMID: 30553298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In the first article in this continuing medical education series we review controversies and uncertainties relating to the epidemiology and initial diagnosis of localized cutaneous melanoma (ie, stage 0, I, or II). Many of these issues are unsettled because of conflicting evidence. Melanoma incidence appears to be increasing, yet its basis has not been fully explained. Despite the advantages of early detection, the US Preventive Services Task Force does not recommend skin screening for the general population. Occasionally, biopsy specimens of melanoma will show histologic regression, but the prognostic importance of this phenomenon is uncertain. Some practitioners recommend obtaining a sentinel lymph node biopsy specimen for thin melanomas showing regression, although this histologic finding is not part of the staging system for thin melanomas. Our goal is to provide the clinician who cares for patients with (or at risk for) melanoma with up-to-date contextual knowledge to appreciate the multiple sides of each controversy so that they will be better informed to discuss these issues with their patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yelena P Wu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Douglas Grossman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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15
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Gardner LJ, Brunson J, McIntyre M, Langell J. Use of an Interdisciplinary Student Medical Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program to Create Affordable Global Health Care Solutions. Surg Innov 2018; 25:1553350618813437. [PMID: 30461348 DOI: 10.1177/1553350618813437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bench to Bedside is a 7-month-long medical innovation and entrepreneurship program at the University of Utah in which teams comprising students from various disciplines work together to identify health care problems and develop novel technology solutions. Student teams are provided a small prototyping budget, access to device development workshops, prototyping facilities, and expert faculty and industry mentors. Teams then compete for seed funding at the Bench to Bedside competition at the end of the program. In 2014, we created global health-specific resources, mentorship, guidance, and award incentives as a means to drive global health technology development in the program and then studied our impact after 6 years. METHODS We reviewed program data collected continuously between 2011 and 2018 to evaluate the impact of global health incentive initiatives on the development of global health-related technologies. We quantified the number of global health teams based on both team-declared data and objective evaluation of each competing technology. RESULTS The initiation of global health technology incentives was associated with an annual overall doubling of teams pursuing the development of global health-related technologies from an average of 11.4% to 24.8% ( P = .003). CONCLUSIONS A student medical technology innovation program designed to address global health needs is an effective means of generating new solutions to improve global health care. The use of global health-specific awards and mentors raised awareness of the need for affordable global solutions and incentivized teams to pursue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam A. Walling
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Susan A. Bernal
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J. Gardner
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Hajime Kinoshita
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - John L. Provis
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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17
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Walling SA, Bernal SA, Gardner LJ, Kinoshita H, Provis J. Blast furnace slag-Mg(OH)2 cements activated by sodium carbonate. RSC Adv 2018; 8:23101-23118. [PMID: 35540122 PMCID: PMC9081583 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03717e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel cements can contain up to 50 wt% Mg(OH)2, offering a new route to immobilisation of this nuclear waste constituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam A. Walling
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Sir Robert Hadfield Building
- The University of Sheffield
- UK
| | - Susan A. Bernal
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Sir Robert Hadfield Building
- The University of Sheffield
- UK
| | - Laura J. Gardner
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Sir Robert Hadfield Building
- The University of Sheffield
- UK
| | - Hajime Kinoshita
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Sir Robert Hadfield Building
- The University of Sheffield
- UK
| | - John L. Provis
- Immobilisation Science Laboratory
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Sir Robert Hadfield Building
- The University of Sheffield
- UK
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18
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Frater JL, Kling CW, Obadiah JM, Gardner LJ, Grosso LE, Resh B, Hurley MY. Histiocytic sarcoma with secondary involvement of the skin and expression of CD1a: evidence of indeterminate cell differentiation? J Cutan Pathol 2006; 33:437-42. [PMID: 16776720 DOI: 10.1111/j.0303-6987.2006.00453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histiocytic sarcoma is an exceedingly rare malignant neoplasm composed of cells with a monocyte/macrophage phenotype. In the current nosology of histiocytic neoplasms, histiocytic sarcoma is separate from indeterminate cell histiocytosis, a generally benign disorder characterized by proliferation of a CD1a+ and S-100+ population of cells lacking Birbeck granules usually limited to the skin. METHODS We present a case of histiocytic sarcoma in a 64-year-old man presenting as a peritonsillar mass and secondarily involving the skin. RESULTS The malignant cells in the extracutaneous foci of disease expressed macrophage-associated antigens including S-100 but were CD1a-. The malignant cells in the skin coexpressed CD1a and S-100 but lacked ultrastructural features of Langerhans cells, findings indicative of indeterminate cells. CONCLUSIONS We discuss the clinical and histopathologic differential diagnosis in association with prior reported cases of histiocytic sarcoma, particularly in cases involving the skin and cases expressing the Langerhans cell-associated antigen CD1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Frater
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
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19
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Gardner LJ, Ayala AG, Monforte HL, Dunphy CH. Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor: adult abdominal tumors with an Ewing sarcoma gene rearrangement demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization in paraffin sections. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2004; 12:160-5. [PMID: 15354743 DOI: 10.1097/00129039-200406000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors is exhaustive and requires ancillary studies. Relatively recently, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using probes for specific gene rearrangements has gained wide acceptance. This technique is particularly useful in the differential diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ES/PNET) and desmoplastic small round-cell tumor (DSRCT). In ES/PNET, the EWS gene is juxtaposed to the FLI-1 gene in 85% of cases and to the ERG gene in another 7% of cases; the EWS gene is juxtaposed to the WTI gene in DSRCT. Documentation of the EWS gene rearrangements in EWS/PNET has previously been demonstrated in frozen tissue. We report 2 unusual cases of EWS/PNET diagnosed in abdominal tumors in adults. Although the immunohistochemical results supported a diagnosis of ES/PNET, 1 case morphologically resembled DSRCT. The diagnosis in these 2 cases was confirmed by the FISH demonstration of EWS/FLI-1 gene fusion in paraffin-embedded tissue. Thus, the usefulness of FISH demonstration of an EWS gene rearrangement with these specific probes in such unusual cases is supported and is demonstrated in paraffin-embedded tissue.
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MESH Headings
- Abdominal Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Abdominal Neoplasms/genetics
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/diagnosis
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Paraffin Embedding
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/diagnosis
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Gardner
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, St. Louis University Health Sciences Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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20
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Dunphy CH, Galambos C, Polski JM, Evans HL, Gardner LJ, Grosso LE, Montone KT. Extranodal posttransplant plasmacytic hyperplasia with subsequent posttransplant plasmacytic malignancy: six-year interval case report and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2002; 126:351-6. [PMID: 11860313 DOI: 10.5858/2002-126-0351-epphws] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) represent a morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genotypic spectrum of disease. Most recently, Knowles et al divided PTLDs into 3 distinct categories: (1) plasmacytic hyperplasia, (2) polymorphic B-cell hyperplasia and polymorphic B-cell lymphoma, and (3) immunoblastic lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Although one form of PTLD may progress to another form, only 1 previous case has been reported in which multiple myeloma developed 14 months after an original diagnosis of plasmacytic hyperplasia. The type of solid organ transplant was not specified in that case. We report a post--cardiac transplant plasmacytic hyperplasia developing 7 years posttransplant. Six years subsequent to the plasmacytic hyperplasia, the patient developed a posttransplant plasmacytic malignancy, supported by morphology, flow cytometric immunophenotyping, and genotypic studies. Since we have no data to support disseminated bony disease or an abnormal serum protein, we have not used the term "multiple myeloma" for this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie H Dunphy
- Division of Hematopathology, St Louis University Health Sciences Center, Mo, USA.
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Abstract
We studied the flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) and genotypic data of 11 specimens from 10 transplant recipients and categorized them based on a scheme for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs). Specimens had been analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and/or Southern blot for T-cell and B-cell (immunoglobulin heavy chain and light chain genes) gene rearrangements (BGR). The categories for PTLDs were as follows: 1, 1; 2, 6; and 3, 4. The plasmacytic and polymorphic B-cell hyperplasias (PBCHs) revealed no monoclonal/aberrant cells by FCI or genotypic studies (GS). Three of 4 polymorphic B-cell lymphomas (PBCLs) revealed monoclonal or aberrant (no surface light chain) B cells by FCI; 1 of 3 revealed a BGR. However, the 1 case with no monoclonal/aberrant B cells by FCI revealed a BGR. Both immunoblastic lymphomas revealed monoclonal or aberrant B cells by FCI; 1 revealed a BGR. Both multiple myelomas revealed monoclonal plasma cells by FCI; 1 revealed a BGR. In the 4 PTLDs with monoclonal/aberrant B cells by FCI and no clonality detected by GS, the GS were performed on fresh and paraffin-embedded tissue samples. FCI of the plasmacytic and PBCHs supported no clonal process by GS. FCI defined a clonal process in 2 PBCLs, I immunoblastic lymphoma, and 1 multiple myeloma that were negative by GS. However, 1 PBCL that was polyclonal by FCI was monoclonal by GS. Thus, FCI is useful for identifying a clonal process in PTLDs with negative results by GS; FCI and GS should be performed routinely in PTLDs to detect a clonal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie H Dunphy
- Division of Hematopathology, St Louis University Health Sciences Center, MO, USA
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Dunphy CH, Gardner LJ, Evans HL, Javadi N. CD15(+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia and subsequent monoblastic leukemia: persistence of t(4;11) abnormality and B-cell gene rearrangement. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2001; 125:1227-30. [PMID: 11520279 DOI: 10.5858/2001-125-1227-callas] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The abnormality in the translocation of chromosomes 4 and 11 (t[4;11]) has been characteristically associated with calla-negative CD15(+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) of early pre-B-cell origin. Transformation of a lymphoblastoid to a monoblastoid morphologic structure has rarely been described at relapse in these cases; however, these cases have lacked flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) and genotypic studies (GS) to define the immunophenotype of and the presence of a B-cell gene rearrangement in the monoblastoid component. We report a case of CD15(+), CD10(-) ALL of early pre-B-cell origin defined by morphologic testing and FCI with the t(4;11) abnormality. At relapse, the morphologic testing, enzyme cytochemistry, and FCI data were characteristic of monoblastic leukemia. The t(4;11) abnormality persisted with associated additional chromosomal abnormalities, and the monoblasts contained a B-cell gene rearrangement by GS. These findings support the concept that both processes arose from a multipotential progenitor cell.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/blood
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Blast Crisis/genetics
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/immunology
- Lewis X Antigen/blood
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/blood
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/immunology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/immunology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Dunphy
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, St Louis University Health Sciences Center, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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23
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Dunphy CH, Polski JM, Evans HL, Gardner LJ. Evaluation of bone marrow specimens with acute myelogenous leukemia for CD34, CD15, CD117, and myeloperoxidase. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2001; 125:1063-9. [PMID: 11473459 DOI: 10.5858/2001-125-1063-eobmsw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Immunophenotyping of bone marrow (BM) specimens with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) may be performed by flow cytometric (FC) or immunohistochemical (IH) techniques. Some markers (CD34, CD15, and CD117) are available for both techniques. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) analysis may be performed by enzyme cytochemical (EC) or IH techniques. OBJECTIVE To determine the reliability of these markers and MPO by these techniques, we designed a study to compare the results of analyses of these markers and MPO by FC (CD34, CD15, and CD117), EC (MPO), and IH (CD34, CD15, CD117, and MPO) techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-nine AMLs formed the basis of the study. These AMLs all had been immunophenotyped previously by FC analysis; 27 also had had EC analysis performed. Of the AMLs, 29 had BM core biopsies and 26 had BM clots that could be evaluated. The paraffin blocks of the 29 BM core biopsies and 26 BM clots were stained for CD34, CD117, MPO, and CD15. These results were compared with results by FC analysis (CD34, CD15, and CD117) and EC analysis (MPO). RESULTS Immunodetection of CD34 expression in AML had a similar sensitivity by FC and IH techniques. Immunodetection of CD15 and CD117 had a higher sensitivity by FC analysis than by IH analysis. Detection of MPO by IH analysis was more sensitive than by EC analysis. There was no correlation of French-American-British (FAB) subtype of AML with CD34 or CD117 expression. Expression of CD15 was associated with AMLs with a monocytic component. Myeloperoxidase reactivity by IH analysis was observed in AMLs originally FAB subtyped as M0. CONCLUSIONS CD34 can be equally detected by FC and IH techniques. CD15 and CD117 are better detected by FC analysis and MPO is better detected by IH analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Dunphy
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, St Louis University Health Sciences Center, St Louis, MO, USA.
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Abstract
CONTEXT CD30(+) anaplastic large cell lymphomas were originally described as being of T-cell, null cell, and B-cell origin. CD30, however, is not a specific marker of anaplastic large cell lymphoma and has been found to be expressed in reactive as well as neoplastic populations as a probable activation marker. In addition, CD30(+) cells have also been described in both diffuse large B-cell and follicular lymphomas (FLs), resembling the pattern seen in reactive tonsils and lymph nodes. OBJECTIVE We report an index case of FL with CD30 expression, which on initial touch preparations and flow cytometric immunophenotyping revealed a prominent population of CD30(+) cells with marked cellular pleomorphism (anaplasia) in a background of typical FL. Immunohistochemistry of the paraffin section for CD30 in our index case confirmed unequivocal CD30(+) pleomorphic cells in the malignant nodules in occasional clusters. This case prompted a study of additional cases of FL for pattern of immunoreactivity with CD30 on paraffin sections. DESIGN Twenty-two additional cases of FL (grades 1-3) were retrieved for CD30 immunoperoxidase staining as in the index case. RESULTS This study demonstrated 32% of the additional cases of FL had definitive CD30(+), large, pleomorphic malignant cells by paraffin immunohistochemistry. In 2 cases (9%), the pattern of immunoreactivity with CD30 showed clustering and variable staining of large cells, as our index case. CONCLUSION This study underscores the morphologic and immunophenotypic spectrum of FL that includes CD30 staining and cellular pleomorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Gardner
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, St Louis University Health Sciences Center, St Louis, MO, USA
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25
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Dunphy CH, Polski JM, Johns G, Evans HL, Gardner LJ. Acute promyelocytic leukemia, hypogranular variant, with uncharacteristic staining with chloroacetate esterase. Leuk Lymphoma 2001; 42:215-9. [PMID: 11699210 DOI: 10.3109/10428190109097693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A diagnosis of the hypogranular variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APLv) may be difficult to establish based on cytomorphology alone. However, the great majority of cases have a classical immunophenotype by flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) (CD13+, CD33+, dim CD64+, HLA-DR-, and CD34-) and a classical enzyme cytochemical (EC) staining pattern. [intensely staining with myeloperoxidase, Sudan Black B, and chloroacetate esterase (CAE) and negative with alpha'-naphthyl acetate and butyrate esterases]. Although the immunophenotype of APLv by FCI has varied in the literature (HLA-DR +/- and CD34 +/-), the EC staining pattern has remained constant. We report a case of APLv with characteristic cytomorphology, compatible FCI data (CD13+, CD33+, dim CD64+, HLA-DR +/-, and CD34-), chromosomal detection of t(15; 17), and molecular detection of the PML/RAR alpha fusion gene; however, staining of the leukemic cells with CAE was quite uncharacteristic. We describe our findings.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/analysis
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- Histocytochemistry
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Staining and Labeling
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Dunphy
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, St. Louis University Health Sciences Center, St. Louis, Missouri, MO 63014, USA.
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Abstract
Follicle center cell lymphoma(FCCL) has the following immunophenotype(IP): sIg+, Pan B+, CD10+/-, CD5-, CD23-/+, CD43-, CD11c-, CD25-. In addition, reactivities of a malignant lymphoma with CDw75(LN-1) and bcl-6 are considered indicators of FCCL. Bcl-6 expression is common in Grade 1 FCCL (100%) and rare in other indolent B-cell lymphomas(BCL). In contrast, bcl-2 expression is common in FCCL (80%) and in other BCL subtypes. Since no previous study has correlated paraffin immunoreactivity(PIR) of CD10, CDw75, and bcl-6 in FCCL (Grades 1-3), this is this study's purpose. Twenty-nine FCCL's were identified and reviewed (6, Grade 1; 10, Grade 2; 13, Grade 3) from the Division of Hematopathology, St. Louis University. The diagnoses were based on morphology and immunohistochemistry(IH)(21 cases) +/- the flow cytometric IP(14 cases). The paraffin blocks were stained for CD10 (Novacastra, Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA), CDw75 and bcl-6 (DAKO Corporation, Carpinteria, CA). Results showed that, CD10 by paraffin IH(PIH) was positive in 23 [18(strong); 3(moderate); 2(weak)] and negative in 6(3, Grade 2; 3, Grade 3). All CD10-cases were CDw75+; 4, bcl-6+. The two CD10-, bcl-6-cases were Grade 2. CDw75 was positive in 28 cases [16(strong); 11(moderate); 1(weak)] and negative in 1 (Grade 3; CD10+, bcl-2+, bcl-6+). Bcl-6 was positive in 26 [16(strong); 6(moderate); 4(weak)] and negative in 3(Grade 2's). Thus, the sensitivity of CD10, CDw75, and bcl-6 by PIH for FCCL was 79%, 97%, and 90%, respectively. Of the three stains evaluated by PIH in FCCL, CDw75 was the most sensitive, closely followed by bcl-6. CD10 was least sensitive-79%. By combining these 3 stains, the sensitivity was 100%; thus, a combined approach is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Dunphy
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, St. Louis University Health Sciences Center St. Louis, Missouri, MO 63104, USA.
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Dunphy CH, Gardner LJ, Manes JL, Bee CS, Taysi K. CD30+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma with aberrant expression of CD13: case report and review of the literature. J Clin Lab Anal 2001; 14:299-304. [PMID: 11138613 PMCID: PMC6807975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CD13 is commonly expressed in hematopoietic malignancies of myelomonocytic origin and has less commonly been described in lymphoid neoplasms, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, and plasma cell malignancies. Aberrant CD13 expression has rarely been described in KP-1 (CD68)-positive large-cell lymphomas. However, CD13 positivity has not previously been described in a case of CD30+ (ALK-1+) anaplastic large-cell lymphoma of presumed null-cell origin without histiocytic differentiation. The purpose of this case report is to describe a CD30+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma of presumed null-cell origin with aberrant expression of CD13. The case illustrates the unique usefulness of immunophenotypic and molecular techniques in establishing the correct diagnosis. The case was referred with a diagnosis of "rule out granulocytic sarcoma versus megakaryocytic malignancy" due to the morphology and a limited flow cytometric immunophenotypic (FCI) panel that had been performed and revealed expression of CD45, HLA-DR, and CD13. Subsequent morphologic review at our institution combined with an expanded FCI panel established the diagnosis. The differential diagnosis of a CD13+ hematopoietic malignancy should include this entity. The prognostic significance of this finding has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Dunphy
- Department of Pathology, St. Louis University Health Science Center, Missouri 63104, USA.
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28
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Dunphy CH, Gardner LJ, Manes JL, Bee CS, Taysi K. CD30+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma with aberrant expression of CD13: Case report and review of the literature. J Clin Lab Anal 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1098-2825(20001212)14:6<299::aid-jcla9>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
The activation marker CD3O is useful in the diagnosis of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. It has also been described in nonhematopoietic tumors, including pancreatic carcinomas, salivary gland tumors, and embryonal carcinomas. We report a case of malignant mesothelioma with intense CD30 positivity. This finding has not previously been described and is important in broadening the differential diagnosis of a CD30(+) cohesive large cell malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Dunphy
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center St Louis, MO, USA
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Collins BT, Gardner LJ, Verma AK, Lowe VJ, Dunphy FR, Boyd JH. Correlation of fine needle aspiration biopsy and fluoride-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the assessment of locally recurrent and metastatic head and neck neoplasia. Acta Cytol 1998; 42:1325-9. [PMID: 9850637 DOI: 10.1159/000332162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with primary head and neck neoplasia can present during follow-up with suspected recurrence, and both fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and fluoride-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan are available methodologies for evaluating these patients. Our objective was to retrospectively correlate patients who underwent both FNAB and FDG-PET scan in order to assess the possibility of recurrent neoplasia. STUDY DESIGN The cytopathology files at Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center were retrospectively searched for patients with known primary head and neck malignancies beginning in 1995. Suspected recurrence and local metastases evaluated by both FNAB and FDG-PET scan were correlated. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients received a combined total of 37 FNABs with concurrent FDG-PET scans. The majority of patients had primary oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with intermixed, single cases of other primary head and neck neoplasms. Thirty of the 32 aspirates with recurrent or locally metastatic disease had combined positive findings by both FNAB and FDG-PET scan, yielding a sensitivity of 94%. One nonspecific and one negative FDG-PET scan came from a patient who had disease confirmed by FNAB. Five patients had negative findings by both methods that were supported by the subsequent clinical course. CONCLUSION FNAB can provide confirmatory evidence of disease in a clinically suspicious abnormality with nonspecific FDG-PET results. FNAB and FDG-PET are highly sensitive for tumors in cases of clinically suspected recurrence and locally metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Collins
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri 63110-0250, USA.
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Gardner LJ, Polski JM, Fallon R, Dunphy CH. Identification of CD56 and CD57 by flow cytometry in Ewing's sarcoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Virchows Arch 1998; 433:35-40. [PMID: 9692823 DOI: 10.1007/s004280050213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CD56 and CD57 are commonly considered as natural killer and neuroectodermal markers, but their expression has been identified in a wide spectrum of neoplasms including some cases of Ewing's sarcoma (ES) and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). We report two cases of small, round blue cell tumor (SRBCT), in which flow cytometry immunophenotyping (FCI) detected strong expression of CD56 and CD57 (one case). Immunohistochemical staining with Leu-19 and Leu-7 confirmed the FI results. Although CD56 and CD57 expression is consistent with ES/PNET, it can be potentially misleading if results of FCI are interpreted in the absence of other findings. These cases suggest the utility of FCI in undifferentiated SRBCT. The literature on CD56 and CD57 expression in ES/PNET is reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Gardner
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, MO, USA
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Abstract
Human FS-4 cells were exposed to human fibroblast interferon for various times and further incubated in the absence of interferon until challenged with vesicular stomatitis virus. Addition of antibody to fibroblast interferon at the time of removal of interferon did not alter the development of the antiviral state. If cells were exposed to interferon for 45 min at either 0 or 37 degrees C, they developed resistance upon subsequent incubation at 37 degrees C. However, less resistance developed if the cells were initially incubated at 0 degrees C. Our results indicate that a single interaction of fibroblast interferon with susceptible cells, either at 0 or 37 degrees C, is sufficient for the subsequent development of an antiviral state, at least in the short term experiment. The kinetics of development of the antiviral state were compared with fibroblast and leukocyte interferon. The rise in the degree of antiviral resistance was steeper and maximal levels of resistance were reached sooner when FS-4 cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of fibroblast interferon than with leukocyte interferon. This suggests a greater affinity of fibroblast interferon for these cells.
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