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Eman Yossri Frag, Mohamed ME, Elhassan MO. Validated Potentiometric Sensors for Determination of Ramipril in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Fluids using in situ Screen Printed and Carbon Paste Electrodes. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Al-Tannak NF. UHPLC-UV Method for Simultaneous Determination of Perindopril Arginine and Indapamide Hemihydrate in Combined Dosage Form: A Stability-Indicating Assay Method. Sci Pharm 2018; 86:scipharm86010007. [PMID: 29470453 PMCID: PMC5874537 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm86010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perindopril arginine and Indapamide hemihydrate in combination were proven to have a synergistic antihypertensive impact when compared with the use of each component alone. Therefore, a new Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Ultraviolet detector (UHPLC-UV) method has been developed and subsequently validated for simultaneous determination of the anti-hypertensive combination of Perindopril arginine and Indapamide hemihydrate. The separation of Perindopril arginine and Indapamide hemihydrate was achieved using a BEH C18 (1.7 μm, 2.1 × 50 mm) analytical column (Waters® Acquity UPLC) and a mobile phase composed of 0.01% v/v formic acid in water adjusted to pH 4 with acetic acid and acetonitrile (40:60 v/v). The method was able to separate Perindopril arginine and Indapamide hemihydrate within less than 4.5 min with high accuracy, precision, resolution, and sensitivity. The content of Perindopril arginine and Indapamide hemihydrate present in the dosage form Coversyl Plus® (5000 µg of Perindopril arginine/1250 µg of Indapamide hemihydrate) was determined in triplicate to give a concentration of 4991 µg and 1247 µg, respectively, from the manufacturer’s stated amounts with Relative Standard Deviation (%RSD) of ±0.63% for Perindopril arginine and ±0.84% for Indapamide hemihydrate. Moreover, the degradation products of the combination were elucidated by UHPLC-Quadrupole Time of Flight-Mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QToF-MS) under acidic, basic, and thermal conditions. In conclusion, the developed UHPLC-UV method was sensitive, rapid, and precise. Furthermore, forced degradation studies were performed and the degradants were identified by UHPLC-Electro-Spray Ionization-QToF (UHPLC-ESI-QToF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser F Al-Tannak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 23924, Safat, 13110 Kuwait City, Kuwait.
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El-Masry AA, Hammouda MEA, El-Wasseef DR, El-Ashry SM. Validated spectroscopic methods for determination of anti-histaminic drug azelastine in pure form: Analytical application for quality control of its pharmaceutical preparations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 191:413-420. [PMID: 29065333 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two simple, sensitive, rapid, validated and cost effective spectroscopic methods were established for quantification of antihistaminic drug azelastine (AZL) in bulk powder as well as in pharmaceutical dosage forms. In the first method (A) the absorbance difference between acidic and basic solutions was measured at 228nm, whereas in the second investigated method (B) the binary complex formed between AZL and Eosin Y in acetate buffer solution (pH3) was measured at 550nm. Different criteria that have critical influence on the intensity of absorption were deeply studied and optimized so as to achieve the highest absorption. The proposed methods obeyed Beer's low in the concentration range of (2.0-20.0μg·mL-1) and (0.5-15.0μg·mL-1) with % recovery±S.D. of (99.84±0.87), (100.02±0.78) for methods (A) and (B), respectively. Furthermore, the proposed methods were easily applied for quality control of pharmaceutical preparations without any conflict with its co-formulated additives, and the analytical results were compatible with those obtained by the comparison one with no significant difference as insured by student's t-test and the variance ratio F-test. Validation of the proposed methods was performed according the ICH guidelines in terms of linearity, limit of quantification, limit of detection, accuracy, precision and specificity, where the analytical results were persuasive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A El-Masry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed E A Hammouda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University in Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt.
| | - Dalia R El-Wasseef
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 35712, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Saadia M El-Ashry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
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Saha A, Vats P, Gurule SJ, Khuroo A. Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Ramipril in Human Plasma: Application to a Bioequivalence Study in Indian Volunteers. J Pharm Innov 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-017-9272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of perindopril erbumine in pure and commercial dosage forms. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Attia TZ, Omar MA. Spectrofluorimetric determination of thioridazine and flupentixol in dosage forms; application to content uniformity test. LUMINESCENCE 2015; 31:1091-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Z. Attia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Minia University; Minia Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. Omar
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Minia University; Minia Egypt
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Mohamed AMI, Omar MA, Hammad MA, Mohamed AA. Development and validation of TLC-densitometric method for simultaneous determination of two binary antihypertensive mixtures containing felodipine in fixed dose combinations. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:200-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Maaboud I. Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. Omar
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Minia University; Minia Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Hammad
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Minia University; Minia Egypt
| | - Abobakr A. Mohamed
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Minia University; Minia Egypt
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Hegazy MA, Abbas SS, Zaazaa HE, Essam HM. Conventional univariate versus multivariate spectrophotometric assisted techniques for simultaneous determination of perindopril arginin and amlodipine besylate in presence of their degradation products. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 150:940-948. [PMID: 26123511 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The resolving power of spectrophotometric assisted mathematical techniques were demonstrated for the simultaneous determination of perindopril arginin (PER) and amlodipine besylate (AML) in presence of their degradation products. The conventional univariate methods include the absorptivity factor method (AFM) and absorption correction method (ACM), which were able to determine the two drugs, simultaneously, but not in the presence of their degradation products. In both methods, amlodipine was determined directly at 360 nm in the concentration range of 8-28 μg mL(-1), on the other hand perindopril was determined by AFM at 222.2 nm and by ACM at 208 nm in the concentration range of 10-70 μg mL(-1). Moreover, the applied multivariate calibration methods were able for the determination of perindopril and amlodipine in presence of their degradation products using concentration residuals augmented classical least squares (CRACLS) and partial least squares (PLS). The proposed multivariate methods were applied to 19 synthetic samples in the concentration ranges of 60-100 μg mL(-1) perindopril and 20-40 μg mL(-1) amlodipine. Commercially available tablet formulations were successfully analysed using the developed methods without interference from other dosage form additives except PLS model, which failed to determine both drugs in their pharmaceutical dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A Hegazy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy-Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samah S Abbas
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy-Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala E Zaazaa
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy-Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah M Essam
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy-Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
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Gizawy SM, Bebawy LI, Abdelmageed OH, Omar MA, Deryea SM, Abdel-Megied AM. HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY, TLC-DENSITOMETRY, AND FIRST-DERIVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF AMLODIPINE AND PERINDOPRIL IN BULK POWDER AND ITS TABLETS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.686141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samia M. Gizawy
- a Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department , Faculty of Pharmacy, Assuit University , Assuit , Egypt
| | - Loris I. Bebawy
- b National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Ben-El-Saraiat , Dokki , Gizza , Egypt
| | - Osama H. Abdelmageed
- c Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department , Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. Omar
- d Analytical Chemistry Department , Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University , Minia , Egypt
| | - Sayed M. Deryea
- d Analytical Chemistry Department , Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University , Minia , Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Abdel-Megied
- e Analytical Chemistry Department , Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th October City , Egypt
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Zaazaa HE, Abbas SS, Essam HAM, El-Bardicy MG. Validated Chromatographic Methods for Determination of Perindopril and Amlodipine in Pharmaceutical Formulation in the Presence of their Degradation Products. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 51:533-43. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Orlandini S, Gotti R, Giannini I, Pasquini B, Furlanetto S. Development of a capillary electrophoresis method for the assay of ramipril and its impurities: an issue of cis-trans isomerization. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2611-7. [PMID: 21429497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of a rapid and selective capillary electrophoresis method for the quantitation of ramipril and its eight main impurities in pharmaceutical dosage form is described. Ramipril and three of its impurities contain a proline-similar moiety which causes in solution the presence of interconverting cis-trans isomers with respect to the amide bond. The interplay between electrophoretic migration and isomerization may yield the presence of an undesired interconversion zone between the two isomer peaks in the electropherogram, depending on the experimental conditions. Different capillary electrophoresis operative modes and pseudostationary phases were evaluated, both in normal and reverse polarity, in order to find the essential analytical parameters which could make it possible to overcome this issue and thus accurately quantify the analytes. The best results were obtained by using microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography in reverse polarity, where all the compounds which undergo cis-trans interconversion migrate as a single narrow peak. Experimental design led to identification of the following optimised conditions: background electrolyte, microemulsion made by 88.95% of 90 mM phosphate pH 2.5, 1.05% of n-heptane and 10.00% of SDS/n-butanol in 1:2 ratio; voltage, -26 kV; temperature, 17°C. Applying these conditions, the baseline separation of the analytes was obtained in about 10 min. Validation of the method following ICH guidelines was carried out and the procedure was applied to a real sample of ramipril tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Orlandini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Pudage A, Kamat S. Development and validation of UPLC tandem mass spectrometry assay for separation of a phase II metabolite of ramipril using actual study samples and its application to a bioequivalence study. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:664-73. [PMID: 20812207 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a validated UPLC-MS/MS assay for determination of ramipril and ramiprilat from human plasma samples. The assay is capable of isolating phase II metabolites (acylglucornides) of ramipril from in vivo study samples which is otherwise not possible using conventional HPLC conditions. Both analytes were extracted from human plasma using solid-phase extraction technique. Chromatographic separation of analytes and their respective internal standards was carried out using an Acquity UPLC BEH C(18) (2.1 × 100 mm), 1.7 µm column followed by mass spectrometric detection using an Waters Quattro Premier XE. The method was validated over the range 0.35-70.0 ng/mL for ramipril and 1.0-40.0 ng/mL for ramiprilat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pudage
- Department of Chemistry, Ramnarain Ruia College, Mumbai University, Matunga, India.
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13
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Preparation, characterization, and analytical application of ramipril membrane-based ion-selective electrode. Int J Anal Chem 2010; 2009:954083. [PMID: 20140081 PMCID: PMC2814142 DOI: 10.1155/2009/954083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fabrication and electrochemical evaluation of two PVC membrane-based Ion-Selective electrodes responsive for ramipril drug have been proposed. The sensitive membranes were prepared using ramipril-phosphomolibdate and ramipril-tetraphenylborate ion-pair complexes as electroactive sensing materials in plasticized PVC support. The electrodes based on these materials provide near-Nernestian response (sensitivity of 53 ± 0.5–54 ± 0.5 mV/concentration decade) covering the concentration range of 1.0 × 10−2–1.0 × 10−5 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 3.0 × 10−6–4.0 × 10−6 mol L−1. The suggested electrodes have been successfully used in the determination of ramipril drug in some pharmaceutical formulations using direct potentiometry with average recovery of >96% and mean standard deviation of <3% (n = 5).
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14
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Attia M. Spectrofluorimetric assessment of Ramipril using optical sensor Samarium ion–doxycycline complex doped in sol–gel matrix. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:7-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 08/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Omar MA. Spectrophotometric and Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Certain Diuretics Through Ternary Complex Formation with Eosin and Lead (II). J Fluoresc 2009; 20:275-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-009-0551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Panchal H, Suhagia B, Patel N. Simultaneous HPTLC analysis of atorvastatin calcium, ramipril, and aspirin in a capsule dosage form. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.22.2009.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Panchal HJ, Suhagia BN, Patel NJ, Rathod IS, Patel BH. Simultaneous Estimation of Atorvastatin Calcium, Ramipril and Aspirin in Capsule Dosage Form by RP-LC. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0831-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Elshanawane AA, Mostafa SM, Elgawish MS. Development and Validation of LC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Two Binary Mixtures Containing Indapamide. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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El Yazbi FA, Mahrous ME, Hammud HH, Sonji GM, Sonji NM. Comparative Spectrophotometric, Spectrofluorometric, and High‐performance Liquid Chromatographic Study for the Quantitative Determination of the Binary Mixture Felodipine and Ramipril in Pharmaceutical Formulations. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710801934643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Baraka MM, El-Sadek M, Moussa EMM, Abd-Alaty NMA. Spectrophotometric and Atomic Absorption Determination of Ramipril, Enalapril Maleate and Fosinopril through Ternary Complex Formation with Molybdenum (V)-Thiocyanate (Mo(V)-SCN). Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:1521-7. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed El-Sadek
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University
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Medenica M, Ivanović D, Masković M, Jancić B, Malenović A. Evaluation of impurities level of perindopril tert-butylamine in tablets. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 44:1087-94. [PMID: 17590561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2006] [Revised: 05/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Perindopril tert-butylamine is a new member of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors group used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. In this paper, the evaluation of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) for the determination of impurities level of perindopril tert-butylamine in tablets was done. The chromatograms were recorded using a Hewlett Packard 1100 chromatographic system with DAD detector. Separations were performed on a YMC-Pack C8 column (250 mm x 4.6mm; 5 microm particle size) at 50 degrees C column temperature. Mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile-potassium phosphate buffer (0.05 M) (37:63, v/v) (pH 2.5). pH of the mobile phase was adjusted with ortophosphoric acid. Mixture of acetonitrile-water (40:60, v/v) was used as a solvent. Injection volume was 50 microl, flow rate 1.7 ml min(-1) and UV-detection was performed at 215 nm. The developed method subjected to method validation and parameters in terms of selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantitation and robustness were defined. The validated method is suitable for the simultaneous determination of perindopril tert-butylamine as well as its impurities in pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Medenica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physical Chemistry, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Abdellatef HE. Extractive-spectrophotometric determination of disopyramide and irbesartan in their pharmaceutical formulation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2007; 66:1248-54. [PMID: 16920393 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Picric acid, bromocresol green, bromothymol blue, cobalt thiocyanate and molybdenum(V) thiocyanate have been tested as spectrophotometric reagents for the determination of disopyramide and irbesartan. Reaction conditions have been optimized to obtain coloured comoplexes of higher sensitivity and longer stability. The absorbance of ion-pair complexes formed were found to increases linearity with increases in concentrations of disopyramide and irbesartan which were corroborated by correction coefficient values. The developed methods have been successfully applied for the determination of disopyramide and irbesartan in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical formulations. The common excipients and additives did not interfere in their determination. The results obtained by the proposed methods have been statistically compared by means of student t-test and by the variance ratio F-test. The validity was assessed by applying the standard addition technique. The results were compared statistically with the official or reference methods showing a good agreement with high precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham E Abdellatef
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Derna, Libya.
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Abdellatef HE. Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods for the determination of ramipril in its pure and dosage form. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2007; 66:701-6. [PMID: 16872873 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 04/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes three sensitive spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods for determination of ramipril in its pure form and pharmaceutical tablets. The first method is based on the oxidation of the drug with 1-chlorobenzotriazole reagent (CBT) in strong alkaline medium followed by measuring the absorbance at 350 nm. The method obeys Beer's law over concentration range 15-50 microg ml(-1). For the second and third, both are non-extractive methods based on the formation of ternary complex between copper (II), eosin and ramipril in the presence of methylcellulose as surfactant. Spectrophotometrically, under the optimum condition, the ternary complex showed an absorption maximum at 543 nm. The method obeys Beer's law over concentration range of 20-80 microg ml(-1). A fluorescence quenching method for the determination of ramipril by forming this ternary complex was also investigated for the propose of enhance the sensitivity of the determination. The methods are simple, sensitive, and accurate. The results obtained are reproducible with a coefficient of variation less than 2%. The proposed have been successfully applied to the assay of ramipril in tablets. The results compare favorably with official method.
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Stefan‐van Staden R, Lal B. Enantioselective, Potentiometric Carbon Paste Electrodes Based on C60Derivatives as Chiral Selectors for the Enantioanalysis of S‐Clenbuterol. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600666396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ramadan AA, Mandil H. Spectrophotometric determination of carbinoxamine maleate in pharmaceutical formulations by ternary complex formation with Cu(II) and eosin. Anal Biochem 2006; 353:133-7. [PMID: 16574052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2006] [Revised: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of carbinoxamine maleate in pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the formation of a ternary complex, extractable with chloroform, between copper(II), eosin, and carbinoxamine maleate. The absorption spectra of the ternary complexes shows, under optimum conditions, a maxima at 538 nm, with apparent molar absorptive 6.1690 x 10(4) mol(-1) cm(-1), Sandell's sensitives 6.75 x 10(-3) microg cm(-2), and linearity in the concentration range 0.75-10.0 microg ml(-1). The method can be achieved with high accuracy (recovery values, 100 +/- 2%) and precision (with standard deviation 0.029-0.155 and relative standard deviation 3.87-1.55%). The method was again successfully applied, with high accuracy and good precision, for the determination of carbinoxamine maleate in various pharmaceutical formulations (syrup, drops, and tablets).
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Syria
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Jain DS, Subbaiah G, Sanyal M, Pande UC, Shrivastav P. First LC-MS/MS electrospray ionization validated method for the quantification of perindopril and its metabolite perindoprilat in human plasma and its application to bioequivalence study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 837:92-100. [PMID: 16709467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Revised: 04/03/2006] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A high throughput bioanalytical method based on solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), has been developed for the estimation of perindopril and its metabolite perindoprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in human plasma. Ramipril was used as internal standard (IS). The extraction of perindopril, perindoprilat and ramipril from the plasma involved treatment with phosphoric acid followed by solid phase extraction (SPE) using hydrophilic lipophilic balance HLB cartridge. The SPE eluate without drying were analyzed by LC-MS/MS, equipped with turbo ion spray (TIS) source, operating in the negative ion and selective reaction monitoring (SRM) acquisition mode to quantify perindopril and perindoprilat in human plasma. The total chromatographic run time was 1.5 min with retention time for perindopril, perindoprilat and ramipril at 0.33, 0.35 and 0.30 min. The developed method was validated in human plasma matrix, with a sensitivity of 0.5 ng/ml (CV, 7.67%) for perindopril and 0.3 ng/ml (CV, 4.94%) for perindoprilat. This method was extensively validated for its accuracy, precision, recovery, stability studies and matrix effect especially because the pattern of elution of all the analytes appears as flow injection elution. Sample preparation by this method yielded extremely clean extracts with very good and consistent mean recoveries; 78.29% for perindopril, 76.32% for perindoprilat and 77.72% for IS. The response of the LC-MS/MS method for perindopril and perindoprilat was linear over the range 0.5-350.0 ng/ml for perindopril and 0.3-40 ng/ml for perindoprilat with correlation coefficient, r>/=0.9998 and 0.9996, respectively. The method was successfully applied for bioequivalence studies in human subjects samples with 4 mg immediate release (IR) formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak S Jain
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380 009, India
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Bhushan R, Gupta D, Singh SK. Liquid chromatographic separation and UV determination of certain antihypertensive agents. Biomed Chromatogr 2006; 20:217-24. [PMID: 16161185 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Three antihypertensive agents were extracted and isolated from commercial formulations. These were purified and characterized by melting point, lambdamax and IR. The percentage recovery by extraction process was in the range 81-91%. Active ingredients from binary formulations were separated by RP-HPLC using methanol-water (50:50 v/v) and by TLC using CHCl3-CH3OH (6:1) as mobile phase. Detection was by UV at 210 nm in HPLC, and by iodine vapors in TLC. The solvent conditions from TLC were transferred to open column chromatographic separation. Quantitative determination was carried out using TLC and column chromatography supplemented with UV spectrophotometry. Recovery was in the range 82-93%. Two combination of drugs, viz. amlodipine+ramipril and amlodipine+enalapril, were separated by the three modes of liquid chromatography. The percentage recovery was in the range 80-92% by open column.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India.
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Rahman N, Anwar N, Kashif M. Optimized and Validated Initial-Rate Method for the Determination of Perindopril Erbumine in Tablets. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:33-6. [PMID: 16394545 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of perindopril in pharmaceutical preparations is described. The method is based on the interaction of drug with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at 40+/-1 degrees C. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the rate of change of the absorbance at 420 nm. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the calibration curve showed a linear relationship over the concentration range of 20-140 microg/ml. The activation parameter such as E(a), deltaH*, deltaS* and deltaG* for this reaction were calculated and found to be 27.31 kJ/mol, 24.69 kJ/mol, -138.84 J/K/mol and 61.50 kJ/mol, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of perindopril in commercial dosage forms. Statistical comparison of the results with the Abdellatef's spectrophotometric method shows excellent agreement and indicates no significant difference between the methods compared in terms of accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisur Rahman
- Analytical Research Division, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, India.
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29
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Rahman N, Ahmad Y, Azmi SNH. Kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of ramipril in pharmaceutical formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2005; 6:E543-51. [PMID: 16354016 PMCID: PMC2750402 DOI: 10.1208/pt060368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to develop a kinetic spectrophotometric method for determination of ramipril in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations. The method was based on the reaction of carboxylic acid group of the drug with a mixture of potassium iodate (KIO3) and potassium iodide (KI) in aqueous medium at room temperature. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the increase in absorbance at 352 nm as a function of time. The initial-rate and fixed-time methods were adopted for constructing the calibration curves. Both the calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 10.0-70.0 microg mL(-1). The detection limits were 0.02 microg mL(-1) and 0.15-microg mL(-1) for initial rate and fixed time methods, respectively. The proposed methods are validated statistically and through recovery studies. The point and interval hypothesis tests have been performed confirming that there is no significant difference between the proposed methods and the reference method. The experimental true bias of all samples is less than +/- 2%. The methods have been successfully applied to the determination of ramipril in tablets and capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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30
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Lu XY, Shen-Tu JZ, Liu J. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of ramipril and its active metabolite ramiprilat in human serum: application to a pharmacokinetic study in the Chinese volunteers. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 40:478-83. [PMID: 16181761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Revised: 07/26/2005] [Accepted: 07/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a rapid, specific and sensitive LC-MS/MS assay for the determination of ramipril and ramiprilat in human serum using enalapril as an internal standard (IS). A Waters Atlantis C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 3 microm) and a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid-methanol (25:75, v/v) were used for separation. The analysis was performed by the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) method, and the peak areas of the m/z 417.3-->234.3 and m/z 389.3-->206.2 transition for ramipril and ramiprilat, respectively, were measured versus that of the m/z 377.3-->234.2 for IS to generate the standard curves. The assay linearities of ramipril and ramiprilat were confirmed over the range 0.10-100 ngml(-1) and 0.25-100 ngml(-1), respectively, and limits of quantitation for them were 0.10 and 0.25 ngml(-1), respectively. The linear ranges correspond well with the serum concentrations of the analytes obtained in clinical pharmacokinetic studies. Intraday and interday relative standard deviations of ramipril and ramiprilat were 2.8-6.4% and 4.3-4.6%, 4.4-6.7% and 3.5-4.7%, respectively. The recoveries of ramipril and ramiprilat from serum were in the range of 81.0-98.2%. The developed LC-MS procedures were applied for the determination of the pharmacokinetic parameters of ramipril and ramiprilat following a single oral administration of 10mg ramipril tablets in 18 Chinese healthy male volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China.
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31
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Hanysová L, Václavková M, Dohnal J, Klimes J. Stability of ramipril in the solvents of different pH. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 37:1179-83. [PMID: 15862704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2004] [Revised: 10/26/2004] [Accepted: 10/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The stability of ramipril in the buffer solution with different pH and the influence of acid, alkaline and oxidative medium on ramipril stability were studied. The ramipril degradation products were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Acetonitrile:sodium perchlorate was used as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min (linear gradient elution). A Nucleosil 100-S 5 microm C18, 250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d. was utilized as stationary phase. Detection was affected spectrophotometrically at 210 nm. The drug substance was dissolved in the ammonium phosphate buffer (pH 3, 5 and 8) and these solutions were stored at 90 degrees C for 1 h. The other series of test solutions were prepared from stock solution (drug substance dissolved in solvent A of the mobile phase) by dilution in acid (0.1M HCl), alkaline (0.1M NaOH) and oxidative (hydrogen peroxide solution) medium. More then 0.2% of impurity D (ramipril-diketopiperazine) was detected in the buffer of pH 3 and pH 5. In the buffer of pH 8 there was detected more then 1% of impurity E (ramipril-diacid). No peaks for degradation products appeared in the chromatograms above limit of quantification. The alkaline medium has the greatest effect on degradation of ramipril into impurity E (more than 50%).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hanysová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Emara S, El-Gindy A, El-Shorbagi AN, Hadad G. Utility of copper(II) oxide as a packed reactor in flow injection assembly for rapid analysis of some angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Prieto JA, Jiménez RM, Alonso RM. Square wave voltammetric determination of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors cilazapril, quinapril and ramipril in pharmaceutical formulations. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2003; 58:343-50. [PMID: 12729827 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(03)00043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors cilazapril, quinapril and ramipril are reduced at a hanging mercury drop electrode in the pH range 3.5-13 using Britton-Robinson buffers as supporting electrolyte and KCl as ionic medium. Square wave voltammetry has proved to be the most suitable electroanalytical technique for the quantitative voltammetric determination of these antihypertensive drugs. Optimisation of the chemical and instrumental variables was carried out. Analyses were performed in 0.02 M borate buffer at pH 9.5 and 0.5 M KCl as ionic medium, using a pulse amplitude of 50 mV and a frequency of 150 Hz. A linear relationship between peak current and concentration was found in the interval 0.5-8 microg/ml for cilazapril and up to 6 microg/ml for quinapril and ramipril, allowing the direct determination of their pharmaceutical formulations alone or mixed with hydrochlorothiazide. Good accuracy and repeatativity were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Angel Prieto
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del País Vasco/EHU, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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34
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On-line simultaneous determination of S- and R-perindopril using amperometric biosensors as detectors in flow systems. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Ayad MM, Shalaby AA, Abdellatef HE, Hosny MM. Spectrophotometric and AAS determination of ramipril and enalapril through ternary complex formation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 28:311-21. [PMID: 11929674 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Two sensitive, spectrophotometric and atomic absorption spectrometric procedures are developed for the determination of two antihypertensive agents (enalapril maleate and ramipril). The spectrophotometric procedures for the two cited drugs are based on ternary complex formation. The first ternary complex (copper(II), eosin, and enalapril) was estimated by two methods; the first depends on its extraction with chloroform measuring at 533.4 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in concentration range from 56 to 112 microg ml(-1). The second method for the same complex depends on its direct measurement after addition of methylcellulose as surfactant at the pH value 5 at 558.8 nm. The concentration range is from 19 to 32 microg ml(-1). The second ternary complex (iron(III), thiocyanate, and ramipril) was extracted with methylene chloride, measuring at 436.6 nm, with a concentration range 60-132 microg ml(-1). The direct atomic absorption spectrometric method through the quantitative determination of copper or iron content of the complex was also investigated for the purpose of enhancing the sensitivity of the determination. The spectrophotometric and atomic absorption spectrometric procedures hold their accuracy and precision well when applied to the determination of ramipril and enalapril dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda M Ayad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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36
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Erk N. Comparison of spectrophotometric and an LC method for the determination perindopril and indapamide in pharmaceutical formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2001; 26:43-52. [PMID: 11451641 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A new sensitive, simple, rapid and precise reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and two spectrophotometric methods have been developed for resolving binary mixture of perindopril and indapamide in the pharmaceutical dosage forms. The first method is based on HPLC on a reversed-phase column using a mobile phase of phosphate buffer pH 2.4 and acetonitrile (7:3 v/v) was used. Linearity range for perindopril and indapamide was 5.0-70.0 and 8.0-35.0 microg ml(-1). In the second method, the first derivative spectrophotometry with a zero-crossing technique of measurement is used for the simultaneous quantitative determination of perindopril and indapamide in binary mixtures without previous separation step. Linear calibration graphs of first derivative values at 225.7 and 255.4 nm for perindopril and indapamide, respectively. The third method is based on ratio derivative spectrophotometry, the amplitudes in the first derivative of the ratio spectra at 226.5 and at 255.3 nm were selected to determine perindopril and indapamide in the binary mixture. All the proposed methods showed good linearity, precision and reproducibility. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the pharmaceutical dosage forms containing the above-mentioned drug combination without any interference by the excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Erk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ankara, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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Al-Majed AA, Al-Zehouri J. Use of 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxo-1,3-diazole (NBD-F) for the determination of ramipril in tablets and spiked human plasma. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2001; 56:291-6. [PMID: 11421257 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(01)01070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ramipril, as a secondary amine compound, reacts with 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxo-1,3-diazole (NBD-F) producing the corresponding fluorescent NBD-ramipril. According to this fact, spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods for the determination of ramipril were developed. The effect of these parameters on the reaction product were carefully studied to optimize reaction conditions. The relationship between the absorbance at 465 nm and the concentration was found to be linear over the range 1-10 microg/ml. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity was also found to be directly proportional at the concentration over the range of 20-100 ng/ml at 530 nm after excitation at 465 nm. The proposed procedure was successfully applied to the determination of ramipril in both tablet dosage form and in plasma. Spectrophotometric determination of ramipril tablets yielded a percentage recovery of 98.66+/-0.38, while the percentage recovery of spectrofluorimetric determination of ramipril in spiked human plasma was 99.08+/-1.11%. The results obtained are in good agreement with those obtained by the reference method. No interference could be observed from the co-administered drug (hydrochlorothiazines).
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Al-Majed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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A liquid chromatographic lon-pairing method for simultaneous determination of benazepril hydrochloride, fosinopril sodium, ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical formulations. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02490341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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al-Majed AA, Belal F, Abadi A, al-Obaid AM. The voltammetric study and determination of ramipril in dosage forms and biological fluids. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2000; 55:233-8. [PMID: 10919088 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(00)00009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The voltammetric behavior of ramipril was studied using cyclic voltammetry, direct current polarography (DCt), differential pulse polarography (DPP) and alternating current polarography (ACt). Ramipril developed well-defined cathodic waves in Britton-Robinson buffers over the pH range 6-12. The waves were characterized as being diffusion-controlled, irreversible and partially affected by adsorption phenomenon. The diffusion-current constant (Id) was 1.24 +/- 0.02. The current-concentration plots were rectilinear over the range 10-50, 4-40 and 0.16-12 micrograms/ml in the DCt, DPP and ACt modes, respectively, with a minimum detectability (S/N = 2) of 0.02 microgram/ml (4.8 x 10(-8) M) using the latter mode. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of ramipril in commercial tablets. Hydrochlorothiazide, which is frequently co-formulated with ramipril, did not interfere with the assay. Furthermore, the proposed method was applied to the determination of ramipril in urine and plasma adopting the ACt technique. The percentage recoveries were 97.12 +/- 0.56 and 94.97 +/- 0.62%, respectively. A pathway for the electrode reaction was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A al-Majed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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