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Picco CJ, Anjani QK, Donnelly RF, Larrañeta E. An isocratic RP-HPLC-UV method for simultaneous quantification of tizanidine and lidocaine: application to in vitro release studies of a subcutaneous implant. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:979-989. [PMID: 38165785 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01833d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Implantable devices have been widely investigated to improve the treatment of multiple diseases. Even with low drug loadings, these devices can achieve effective delivery and increase patient compliance by minimizing potential side effects, consequently enhancing the quality of life of the patients. Moreover, multi-drug products are emerging in the pharmaceutical field, capable of treating more than one ailment concurrently. Therefore, a simple analytical method is essential for detecting and quantifying different analytes used in formulation development and evaluation. Here, we present, for the first time, an isocratic method for tizanidine hydrochloride (TZ) and lidocaine (LD) loaded into a subcutaneous implant, utilizing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with a UV detector. These implants have the potential to treat muscular spasticity while providing pain relief for several days after implantation. Chromatographic separation of the two drugs was accomplished using a C18 column, with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% TFA in water and MeOH in a 58 : 42 ratio, flowing at 0.7 ml min-1. The method exhibited specificity and robustness, providing accurate and precise results. It displayed linearity within the range of 0.79 to 100 μg ml-1, with an R2 value of 1 for the simultaneous analysis of TZ and LD. The developed method demonstrated selectivity, offering limits of detection and quantification of 0.16 and 0.49 μg ml-1 for TZ, and 0.30 and 0.93 μg ml-1 for LD, respectively. Furthermore, the solution containing both TZ and LD proved stable under various storage conditions. While this study applied the method to assess an implant device, it has broader applicability for analysing and quantifying the in vitro drug release of TZ and LD from diverse dosage forms in preclinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila J Picco
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Suo M, Zhao X, Yu G, Zhang W. Lidocaine loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for prolonged local anesthesia: in vitro and in vivo studies. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1844739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Suo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guanling Yu
- IVF laboratory, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Iseri T, Nakamori M, Fujimoto Y. Effects of thoracolumbar epidural anesthesia with lidocaine on the systemic hemodynamics and hepatic blood flow in propofol anesthetized dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1877-1884. [PMID: 34645723 PMCID: PMC8762409 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia reduces hepatic blood flow (HBF) from circulatory depression. Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is associated with decreased circulatory depression compared to inhalation anesthesia, and epidural anesthesia using local anesthetics increases blood flow by blocking the sympathetic nerves and expanding blood vessels. We investigated the effects of thoracolumbar epidural anesthesia with TIVA on HBF in dogs. Six Beagle dogs had epidural catheters placed between T13 and L1 and were anesthetized with propofol and vecuronium. Physiological saline (control) or 2% lidocaine (0.2 ml/kg, followed by 0.2 ml/kg/hr) was administered at 1-2 weeks intervals. Heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) were recorded at 10-min intervals from before epidural injections (T0) to 110 min. Indocyanine green test was used to measure HBF during the awake state and until 90 min after epidural injections. HR and CI did not differ between treatments. MAP and SVRI after lidocaine were significantly lower than those of controls, and the lowest MAP value was 65 ± 11 mmHg at T10. Compared to T0, after lidocaine treatment, HBF was significantly higher at T30, T60 and T90 (P<0.05); while, after control treatment, no significant change was evident at any time point. Despite a decrease in MAP by this technique, HBF was either maintained at pre-anesthetic levels or increased in comparison to controls, probably due to vasodilation of the hepatic artery induced by the selective blockade sympathetic ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshie Iseri
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamori
- Otokuni Animal Hospital, 26 Shimokaiinji, Nagaokakyo-shi, Kyoto 617-0845, Japan
| | - Yuka Fujimoto
- Department of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Oraikita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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Laffleur F, Leder N, Barthelmes J. In vitroevaluation of thio-poly acrylic acid for intraoral delivery. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2065-73. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1122673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abdelwahab NS, Ali NW, Abdelkawy M, Emam AA. Validated RP-HPLC and TLC-Densitometric Methods for Analysis of Ternary Mixture of Cetylpyridinium Chloride, Chlorocresol and Lidocaine in Oral Antiseptic Formulation. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 54:318-25. [PMID: 26363491 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This work was concerned with development, optimization, application and validation of reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC)-densitometric methods for analysis of cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorocresol and lidocaine in Canyon(®) gel. The first developed RP-HPLC method depended on chromatographic separation on a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C8 column, with elution with a mobile phase consisting of 0.05% phosphoric acid solution : acetonitrile : methanol (15 : 24 : 61, by volume), pumping the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.00 mL min(-1), with ultraviolet detection at 220 nm. While in the subsequently developed method, the TLC-densitometric method, complete separation of the studied mixture was achieved using methanol : acetone : acetic acid (7 : 3 : 0.2, by volume) as a mobile phase, aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 as a stationary phase and 215 nm as the scanning wavelength. Factors affecting the developed methods were studied and optimized; moreover, methods had been validated as per the International Conference of Harmonization guideline and the results indicated that the suggested methods were reproducible, reliable and applicable for rapid routine analysis. Statistical comparison of the two developed methods with the reported HPLC ones using F- and Student's t tests showed no significant difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada S Abdelwahab
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Al shaheed Shehata Ahmed Hegazy st., 62514 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Nouruddin W Ali
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Al shaheed Shehata Ahmed Hegazy st., 62514 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - M Abdelkawy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini st., 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aml A Emam
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Al shaheed Shehata Ahmed Hegazy st., 62514 Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Lotfy HM, Tawakkol SM, Fahmy NM, Shehata MA. A comparative study of novel spectrophotometric resolution techniques applied for pharmaceutical mixtures with partially or severely overlapped spectra. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 136 Pt B:937-952. [PMID: 25459620 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.09.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous determination of mixtures of lidocaine hydrochloride (LH), flucortolone pivalate (FCP), in presence of chlorquinaldol (CQ) without prior separation steps was applied using either successive or progressive resolution techniques. According to the concentration of CQ the extent of overlapping changed so it can be eliminated from the mixture to get the binary mixture of LH and FCP using ratio subtraction method for partially overlapped spectra or constant value via amplitude difference followed by ratio subtraction or constant center followed by spectrum subtraction spectrum subtraction for severely overlapped spectra. Successive ratio subtraction was coupled with extended ratio subtraction, constant multiplication, derivative subtraction coupled constant multiplication, and spectrum subtraction can be applied for the analysis of partially overlapped spectra. On the other hand severely overlapped spectra can be analyzed by constant center and the novel methods namely differential dual wavelength (D(1) DWL) for CQ, ratio difference and differential derivative ratio (D(1) DR) for FCP, while LH was determined by applying constant value via amplitude difference followed by successive ratio subtraction, and successive derivative subtraction. The spectra of the cited drugs can be resolved and their concentrations are determined progressively from the same ratio spectrum using amplitude modulation method. The specificity of the developed methods was investigated by analyzing laboratory prepared mixtures and were successfully applied for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations containing the cited drugs with no interference from additives. The proposed methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines. The obtained results were statistically compared with those of the official or reported methods; using student t-test, F-test, and one way ANOVA, showing no significant difference with respect to accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayam M Lotfy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Shereen M Tawakkol
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Egypt
| | - Nesma M Fahmy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa A Shehata
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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Lotfy HM, Tawakkol SM, Fahmy NM, Shehata MA. Successive spectrophotometric resolution as a novel technique for the analysis of ternary mixtures of pharmaceuticals. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 121:313-323. [PMID: 24263128 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel spectrophotometric technique was developed for the simultaneous determination of ternary mixtures, without prior separation steps. This technique was called successive spectrophotometric resolution technique. The technique was based on either the successive ratio subtraction or successive derivative subtraction. The mathematical explanation of the procedure was illustrated. In order to evaluate the applicability of the methods a model data as well as an experimental data were tested. The results from experimental data related to the simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of lidocaine hydrochloride (LH), calcium dobesilate (CD) and dexamethasone acetate (DA); in the presence of hydroquinone (HQ), the degradation product of calcium dobesilate were discussed. The proposed drugs were determined at their maxima 202 nm, 305 nm, 239 nm and 225 nm for LH, CD, DA and HQ respectively; by successive ratio subtraction coupled with constant multiplication method to obtain the zero order absorption spectra, while by applying successive derivative subtraction they were determined at their first derivative spectra at 210 nm for LH, 320 nm or P(292-320) for CD, 256 nm or P(225-252) for DA and P(220-233) for HQ respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 2-20 μg/mL for both LH and DA, 6-50 μg/mL for CD, and 3-40 μg/mL for HQ. The proposed methods were checked using laboratory-prepared mixtures and were successfully applied for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulation containing the cited drugs with no interference from other dosage form additives. The proposed methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines. The obtained results were statistically compared with those of the official BP methods for LH, DA, and CD, and with the official USP method for HQ; using student t-test, F-test, and one way ANOVA, showing no significant difference with respect to accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayam M Lotfy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Shereen M Tawakkol
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Egypt
| | - Nesma M Fahmy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa A Shehata
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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M.Lotfy H, M.Tawakkol S, M.Fahmy N, A.Shehata M. Validated Stability Indicating Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Lidocaine Hydrochloride, Calcium Dobesilate, and Dexamethasone Acetate in their Dosage Forms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/22297928.2013.838428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Horita D, Yoshimoto M, Todo H, Sugibayashi K. Analysis of hair follicle penetration of lidocaine and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 4 kDa using hair follicle-plugging method. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:345-51. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.762653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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10
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Liu YM, Li J, Yang Y, Du JJ. Separation and determination of anesthetics by capillary electrophoresis with mixed micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate and Tween 20 using electrochemiluminescence detection. LUMINESCENCE 2012; 28:673-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang; 464000; People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang; 464000; People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang; 464000; People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jun Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang; 464000; People's Republic of China
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11
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Caris JA, Silva BJG, Moisés ECD, Lanchote VL, Queiroz MEC. Automated analysis of lidocaine and its metabolite in plasma by in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with LC-UV for pharmacokinetic study. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:734-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juciene Aparecida Caris
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Bruno José Gonçalves Silva
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| | | | - Vera Lúcia Lanchote
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia Costa Queiroz
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
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12
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Baniceru M, Manda CV, Popescu SM. Chromatographic analysis of local anesthetics in biological samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Revised: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Comparison of placental transfer of local anesthetics in perfusates with different pH values in a human cotyledon model. J Anesth 2009; 23:526-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-009-0815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Morales-Cid G, Cárdenas S, Simonet BM, Valcárcel M. Direct automatic determination of free and total anesthetic drugs in human plasma by use of a dual (microdialysis-microextraction by packed sorbent) sample treatment coupled at-line to NACE-MS. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1684-91. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abu-Huwaij R, Assaf S, Salem M, Sallam A. Potential Mucoadhesive Dosage Form of Lidocaine Hydrochloride: II. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 33:437-48. [PMID: 17523008 DOI: 10.1080/03639040601150211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a controlled release buccal mucoadhesive delivery system for systemic delivery of lidocaine hydrochloride as a model drug. In vitro release and buccal permeation as well as in vivo permeation of LDHCL patches were evaluated. The drug release and the permeability of the drug through porcine buccal mucosa were evaluated using Franz diffusion cell. In vivo evaluation of patches was carried out on rabbits as an animal model. Patches were designed in two fashions, bi-layer (BLP; LDHCL, carbopol, glycerin, pentration enhancer, and Tween 20 as the first layer; and EVA as the second layer) and triple layer (TLP; LDHCL, carbopol and glycerin as the first layer; carbopol, glycerin, pentration enhancer and pluronic F-127 as the middle layer; and EVA as the third layer) patches, respectively. Presence of oleic acid as PE in the formulation significantly enhanced the in vitro permeability of LDHCL (p<0.05), while propylene glycol monolaurate as PE suppressed it (p<0.05). The in vivo evaluation in rabbits showed that TLP had significantly higher Cmax and AUC0-8 (p<0.05) than BLP. Furthermore, TLP showed a well-controlled drug plasma concentration over 6 hr which was significantly longer than BLP (p<0.05). Patches were well adhered to buccal mucosa of the rabbits over the 8-hr study period. It was postulated that the hypothetical release mechanism of the drug and oleic acid from TLP was controlled by their diffusion through the swollen polymer network and micelled gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Abu-Huwaij
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan.
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Electrospun nanofibrous polymeric scaffold with targeted drug release profiles for potential application as wound dressing. Int J Pharm 2008; 364:87-93. [PMID: 18771719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We have successfully fabricated a dual drug release electrospun scaffold containing an anesthetic, lidocaine, and an antibiotic, mupirocin. Two drugs with different lipophilicities were electrospun from a poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) solution with a dual spinneret electrospinning apparatus into a single scaffold. The release of the drugs from the scaffold showed different profiles for the two drugs. Lidocaine hydrochloride exhibited an initial burst release (80% release within an hour) followed by a plateau after the first few hours. Mupirocin exhibited only a 5% release in the first hour before experiencing a more sustained release to provide antibacterial action for over 72 h. For comparative purposes, both drugs were spun from a single spinneret and evaluated to determine their release profiles. The scaffold maintained its antibiotic activity throughout the processes of electrospinning and gas sterilization and supported cell viability. It has been reported in the literature that interactions between polymer and drug are known to govern the pattern of drug release from electrospun scaffolds. Here, it was found that the presence of the two drugs in the same polymer matrix altered the release kinetics of at least one drug. Based on the release profiles obtained, the dual spinneret technique was the preferred method of scaffold fabrication over the single spinneret technique to obtain a prototype wound healing device.
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Salas S, Talero B, Rabasco A, González-Rodríguez M. Development and validation of a reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method for the assay of lidocaine hydrochloride in alginate-Gantrez® microspheres. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 47:501-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abu-Huwaij R, Assaf S, Salem M, Sallam A. Mucoadhesive dosage form of lidocaine hydrochloride: I. Mucoadhesive and physicochemical characterization. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 33:855-64. [PMID: 17729103 DOI: 10.1080/03639040701377516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize a buccal mucoadhesive film using lidocaine and its hydrochloride salt (LDHCL) as a model drug. Buccal films were developed using carbopol 971P as a mucoadhesive polymer, and glycerol as a plasticizer. Scanning Electron Microscope, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier Transform Infra Red techniques were used to characterize the mucoadhesive films. Bioadhesive properties were evaluated using the Universal Instron Instrument with chicken pouch as a model tissue. LDHCL and its base were present in carbopol 971P films in a molecular dispersion state without exerting any effect on the glass transition of these films. The mucoadhesive force between the chicken pouches and the film containing glycerol did not change by time during the tested period (1-20 min), while increased with increasing the amount of glycerol (10-40% w/w of polymer content). Furthermore, a linear increase in the mucoadhesive force was accompanied by the increase in the film thickness, while a linear decrease followed by plateau was obtained when loading the patch with LDHCL at concentration above 1 mg/cm(2). Loading carbopol film with lidocaine base, in a concentration up to 6 mg/cm(2) decreased linearly the mucoadhesive properties, which could be attributed to salt formation between the acidic carboxylic moiety of carbopol and basic lidocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Abu-Huwaij
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan.
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Chen L, Liao L, Zuo Z, Yan Y, Yang L, Fu Q, Chen Y, Hou J. Simultaneous determination of nikethamide and lidocaine in human blood and cerebrospinal fluid by high performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:1757-62. [PMID: 17289323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2006] [Revised: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nikethamide and lidocaine are often requested to be quantified simultaneously in forensic toxicological analysis. A simple reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for their simultaneous determination in human blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The method involves simple protein precipitation sample treatment followed by quantification of analytes using HPLC at 263 nm. Analytes were separated on a 5 microm Zorbax Dikema C18 column (150 mm x 4.60 mm, i.d.) with a mobile phase of 22:78 (v/v) mixture of methanol and a diethylamine-acetic acid buffer, pH 4.0. The mean recoveries were between 69.8 and 94.4% for nikethamide and between 78.9 and 97.2% for lidocaine. Limits of detection (LODs) for nikethamide and lidocaine were 0.008 and 0.16 microg/ml in plasma and 0.007 and 0.14 microg/ml in cerebrospinal fluid, respectively. The mean intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) for both analytes were less than 9.2 and 10.8%, respectively. The developed method was applied to blood sample analyses in eight forensic cases, where blood concentrations of lidocaine ranged from 0.68 to 34.4 microg/ml and nikethamide ranged from 1.25 to 106.8 microg/ml. In six cases cerebrospinal fluid analysis was requested. The values ranged from 20.3 to 185.6 microg/ml of lidocaine and 8.0 to 72.4 microg/ml of nikethamide. The method is simple and sensitive enough to be used in toxicological analysis for simultaneous determination of nikethamide and lidocaine in blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- West China School of Preclinical Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Zhang Z, Zhao Q, Kang S, Chen B, Ma M, Yao S. Determination of Local Anesthetics in Human Plasma by Liquid-Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(06)60009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ma M, Kang S, Zhao Q, Chen B, Yao S. Liquid-phase microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of local anaesthetics in human urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 40:128-35. [PMID: 16076540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2004] [Revised: 06/21/2005] [Accepted: 06/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) device combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is presented for the simultaneous analysis of local anaesthetics, lidocaine, bupivacaine, and tetracaine, from human urine sample. An organic solvent showed good compatibility with the mobile phase of the HPLC, o-dibutyl phthalate, was selected. Local anaesthetics are extracted from 6 ml of the feed aqueous solution and human urine sample into a water-immiscible organic solvent suspended at the needle tip of the microsyringe, then the organic solvent was directly introduced to a reversed-phase HPLC system. The kind of the organic extraction solvent, the stirring rate, the pH value of the aqueous feed solution, and the extraction time have been discussed. Under the optimized extraction conditions, high enrichment factors (more than 86.0-fold) and significant sample clean-up for all of studied local anaesthetics were achieved within 30 min. The detection limits (lower than 0.05 microg/ml) were comparable with previously reported gas chromatography methods. This method was applied to specimen of patient who was treated with extradural anaesthesia of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and tetracaine, and revealed that simultaneous determination of above three local anaesthetics in human urine was possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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22
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Zivanovic L, Zecevic M, Markovic S, Petrovic S, Ivanovic I. Validation of liquid chromatographic method for analysis of lidocaine hydrochloride, dexamethasone acetate, calcium dobesilate, buthylhydroxyanisol and degradation product hydroquinone in suppositories and ointment. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1088:182-6. [PMID: 16130749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, there was developed a sensitive, precise and accurate reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method and validated for simultaneous determination of lidocaine hydrochloride, dexamethasone acetate (DA) and calcium dobesilate (CD) in suppositories and ointment. Also there was achieved a parallel analysis of buthylhydroxyanisol, as a preservative, and hydroquinone, as a degradation product of calcium dobesilate, present in these dosage forms. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values for all five compounds indicated a good precision and accuracy of the RP-HPLC method. Method is selective, sensitive and reproducible with good recovery values and can be applied in simultaneous determination of all mentioned compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lj Zivanovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia.
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23
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Koehler A, Oertel R, Kirch W. Simultaneous determination of bupivacaine, mepivacain, prilocaine and ropivacain in human serum by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1088:126-30. [PMID: 16130740 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS-MS) method with a rapid and simple sample preparation was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of the local anesthetics bupivacaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine and ropivacaine in human serum. An external calibration was used. The mass spectrometer was operated in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. A good quadratic response over the range of 1.0-200.0 ng/ml was demonstrated. The accuracy for bupivacaine ranged from 93.2 to 105.7%, for mepivacaine from 96.2 to 104.3%, for prilocaine from 94.6 to 105.7% and for ropivacaine from 94.3 to 104.0%, respectively. The limit of quantification was 1.0 ng/ml for all substances. This method is suitable for pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Koehler
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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24
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Cox SK, Hamner T, Bartges J. Monoethylglycinexylidide and lidocaine determination in porcine microsomal preparations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 37:801-4. [PMID: 15797804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2004] [Accepted: 09/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple, accurate, and sensitive HPLC analysis of monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and lidocaine in porcine microsome samples is described. Lidocaine and MEGX were measured by direct injection after the addition of the internal standard. Chromatography was performed on a muBondapak C(18) column using an isocratic mobile phase of 0.03 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate:acetonitrile (87:13), pH 5.9. UV absorbance was measured at 205 nm. The procedure produced linear curves for the concentration range 50-1000 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 10 ng/mL. Recoveries for both compounds were greater than 90%. This assay produced accurate and repeatable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry K Cox
- Department of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37901, USA.
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25
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Sintov AC, Shapiro L. New microemulsion vehicle facilitates percutaneous penetration in vitro and cutaneous drug bioavailability in vivo. J Control Release 2004; 95:173-83. [PMID: 14980766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2003.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2003] [Accepted: 11/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microemulsion systems possessing a potentially improved skin bioavailability of lidocaine were designed and explored for some characteristics. The existence of microemulsion regions was investigated in quaternary systems composed of glyceryl oleate+polyoxyl 40 fatty acid derivatives (surfactants)/tetraglycol (co-surfactant)/isopropyl palmitate/water by constructing pseudo-ternary phase diagrams at fixed co-surfactant/surfactants (CoS/S) ratios. Light scattering measurements used to determine the diameter of the internal phase revealed that lidocaine in the microemulsions increased the droplet size, implying a drug tendency to accumulate in the interfacial layers. Percutaneous penetration studies using rat skin in vitro showed that the transdermal flux of lidocaine was significantly improved by microemulsion composed of the glyceryl oleate-PEG-40 stearate combination rather than glyceryl oleate-PEG-40 hydroxylated castor oil. Two principal factors were found to govern the transdermal penetration of lidocaine from the microemulsion: water content and the CoS/S ratio. By analyzing skin layers (epidermis and dermis) for lidocaine content, significantly higher concentrations were found after rats were treated in vivo with liquid microemulsions (CoS/S=1.8, 30 wt.% water) or patches compared to those measured after application of EMLA cream. It has been suggested, therefore, that these microemulsions loaded with lidocaine would provide adequate analgesia in relatively shorter periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon C Sintov
- The Institutes for Applied Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
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26
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Piwowarska J, Kuczyñska J, Pachecka J. Liquid chromatographic method for the determination of lidocaine and monoethylglycine xylidide in human serum containing various concentrations of bilirubin for the assessment of liver function. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 805:1-5. [PMID: 15113532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2003] [Revised: 11/11/2003] [Accepted: 01/16/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for determination of lidocaine (2-(dietyloamino)-N-(2,6-dimetylofenylo) acetamid) and its metabolite, monoethylglycine xylidide (MEGX), in human serum containing various concentration of bilirubin. Lidocaine and its metabolite were extracted from human serum using dichloromethane. After separation of the layers and freezing at -32 degrees C, the organic layer was decanted and evaporated under a stream of nitrogen. The sample was dissolved in the mobile phase (12% acetonitrile in 15mM potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate, pH 3.0), and after separation on a Supelcosil LC-8-DB column, the analytes were measured by ultraviolet detection at 205nm. Trimethoprim (TMP) was used as the internal standard. The recovery of the examined analytes ranged from 95.7 to 97.9% for lidocaine and from 98.0 to 99.9% for MEGX. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was established at 200microg/l for lidocaine and at 10microg/l for MEGX. The choice of suitable conditions for chromatographic separation of lidocaine and its metabolite MEGX allowed the elimination of the influence of endogenous bilirubin on the result of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Piwowarska
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical University, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Abstract
Local anesthetics (lidocaine or tetracaine) spontaneously melted at 25 degrees C when mixed with thymol and aqueous isopropyl alcohol solution (IPA) at proper ratios and formed novel two-phase melt systems (TMS). The TMS consisted of a homogeneous oil phase containing primarily a local anesthetic agent (lidocaine or tetracaine) and thymol, and a homogeneous aqueous phase containing primarily IPA and pH 9.2 buffer. The relationship between melting of the solid components and system composition was determined from the phase diagram obtained by a titration method. A select TMS of a local anesthetic agent (lidocaine or tetracaine) was directly emulsified to prepare an O/W cream and tested for the anesthetic efficacy on intact human skin. While both lidocaine (6%) and tetracaine (4%) creams were highly effective for dermal anesthesia with a similar onset time, the tetracaine cream exhibited a significantly longer duration of action than the lidocaine cream. An accelerated stability study indicated that lidocaine was significantly more stable than tetracaine in the creams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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28
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Chu KO, Chiu Wang C, Scott Rogers M, Wai Choy K, Kwok AKH, Pui Pang C. HPLC Determination of Lignocaine and Its Metabolite Xylidine in Aqueous Humor. ANAL LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120024641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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29
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Manna L, Bertocchi P, Valvo L, Bardocci A. Development and validation of a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for the assay of lidocaine in aqueous humour samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 29:1121-6. [PMID: 12110398 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A simple, fast and reliable reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for the assay of lidocaine in human aqueous humour samples. The samples were analysed without any preliminary treatment on a C8 column with UV detection at 225 nm. The mobile phase consisted of methanol/sodium dihydrogen phosphate (30 mM) containing sodium pentansulphonate (10 mM) adjusted to pH 2.5 with phosphoric acid (50:50 v/v). Validation of the method showed it to be precise, accurate and linear over the concentration range of analysis with a limit of detection of 0.2 microgml(-1). The limit of quantitation was 2.5 microgml(-1) with a relative standard deviation of 2.5%. Linear regression analysis in the range 2.5-60 microgml(-1) gave correlation coefficients higher than 0.999. No interference from three commonly co-administered drugs was observed. The method developed was applied to the analysis of lidocaine in aqueous humour samples in order to evaluate and compare the efficacy of two different forms of administration of lidocaine for topical anaesthesia in cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Manna
- Laboratorio di Chimica del Farmaco, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy.
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30
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El-Hawary WF. Determination of lignocaine and amprolium in pharmaceutical formulations using AAS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 27:97-105. [PMID: 11682215 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ion-associate complexes of lignocaine hydrochloride (Lig.Cl) with ammonium reineckate (Rk) or sodium cobaltithiocyanate, and that of amprolium hydrochloride (Amp.Cl) with ammonium reineckate, have been prepared. The precipitated ion-associates were subjected to elemental analyses, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and determination of the metal content for elucidation of their structures. The solubilities of the solid ion-associate complexes have been studied and their solubility products were determined at different temperatures at the optimum pH for their quantitative precipitation. The thermodynamic parameters DeltaH, DeltaG and DeltaS for the dissolution of the ion-associate complexes were calculated. These ion-associate complexes have been used for the quantitative determination of the above mentioned drugs by precipitating them with an excess of the inorganic metal complex ions and determining the excess metal complex ions using atomic absorption spectrometry. The method was applied for the determination of the above drugs in pure solution and pharmaceutical preparations. 0.135-135.4 and 0.158-157.6 mg of lignocaine and amprolium, respectively, can be determined with mean relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) 0.92-1.20% and recovery values of 99.18+/-0.48 to 100.12+/-0.34% indicating high precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F El-Hawary
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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