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Takase B, Ikeda T, Shimizu W, Abe H, Aiba T, Chinushi M, Koba S, Kusano K, Niwano S, Takahashi N, Takatsuki S, Tanno K, Watanabe E, Yoshioka K, Amino M, Fujino T, Iwasaki YK, Kohno R, Kinoshita T, Kurita Y, Masaki N, Murata H, Shinohara T, Yada H, Yodogawa K, Kimura T, Kurita T, Nogami A, Sumitomo N. JCS/JHRS 2022 Guideline on Diagnosis and Risk Assessment of Arrhythmia. Circ J 2024; 88:1509-1595. [PMID: 37690816 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-22-0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takanori Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Haruhiko Abe
- Department of Heart Rhythm Management, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Takeshi Aiba
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Masaomi Chinushi
- School of Health Sciences, Niigata University School of Medicine
| | - Shinji Koba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Kengo Kusano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Shinichi Niwano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Naohiko Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University
| | - Seiji Takatsuki
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Kaoru Tanno
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Center, Showa University Koto-Toyosu Hospital
| | - Eiichi Watanabe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital
| | | | - Mari Amino
- Department of Cardiology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Tadashi Fujino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Yu-Ki Iwasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Ritsuko Kohno
- Department of Heart Rhythm Management, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Toshio Kinoshita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Yasuo Kurita
- Cardiovascular Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital
| | - Nobuyuki Masaki
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College
| | | | - Tetsuji Shinohara
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University
| | - Hirotaka Yada
- Department of Cardiology, International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital
| | - Kenji Yodogawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Akihiko Nogami
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Naokata Sumitomo
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
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2
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Takase B, Ikeda T, Shimizu W, Abe H, Aiba T, Chinushi M, Koba S, Kusano K, Niwano S, Takahashi N, Takatsuki S, Tanno K, Watanabe E, Yoshioka K, Amino M, Fujino T, Iwasaki Y, Kohno R, Kinoshita T, Kurita Y, Masaki N, Murata H, Shinohara T, Yada H, Yodogawa K, Kimura T, Kurita T, Nogami A, Sumitomo N. JCS/JHRS 2022 Guideline on Diagnosis and Risk Assessment of Arrhythmia. J Arrhythm 2024; 40:655-752. [PMID: 39139890 PMCID: PMC11317726 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takanori Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineToho University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineNippon Medical School
| | - Haruhiko Abe
- Department of Heart Rhythm ManagementUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthJapan
| | - Takeshi Aiba
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and GeneticsNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | | | - Shinji Koba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of Medicine
| | - Kengo Kusano
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Shinichi Niwano
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineKitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Naohiko Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of MedicineOita University
| | | | - Kaoru Tanno
- Cardiovascular Center, Cardiology DivisionShowa University Koto‐Toyosu Hospital
| | - Eiichi Watanabe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineFujita Health University Bantane Hospital
| | | | - Mari Amino
- Department of CardiologyTokai University School of Medicine
| | - Tadashi Fujino
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineToho University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Yu‐ki Iwasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineNippon Medical School
| | - Ritsuko Kohno
- Department of Heart Rhythm ManagementUniversity of Occupational and Environmental HealthJapan
| | - Toshio Kinoshita
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineToho University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Yasuo Kurita
- Cardiovascular Center, Mita HospitalInternational University of Health and Welfare
| | - Nobuyuki Masaki
- Department of Intensive Care MedicineNational Defense Medical College
| | | | - Tetsuji Shinohara
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of MedicineOita University
| | - Hirotaka Yada
- Department of CardiologyInternational University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital
| | - Kenji Yodogawa
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineNippon Medical School
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Cardiovascular MedicineKyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Akihiko Nogami
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Tsukuba
| | - Naokata Sumitomo
- Department of Pediatric CardiologySaitama Medical University International Medical Center
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Rattanawong P, Mattanapojanat N, Mead-Harvey C, Van Der Walt C, Kewcharoen J, Kanitsoraphan C, Vutthikraivit W, Prasitlumkum N, Putthapiban P, Chintanavilas K, Sahasthas D, Ngarmukos T, Thakkinstian A, Sorajja D, Makarawate P, Shen WK. Predicting arrhythmic event score in Brugada syndrome: Worldwide pooled analysis with internal and external validation. Heart Rhythm 2023; 20:1358-1367. [PMID: 37355026 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome is an inherited arrhythmic disease associated with major arrhythmic events (MAE). Risk predictive scores were previously developed with various performances. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to create a novel score-Predicting Arrhythmic evenT (PAT)-with internal and external validation. METHODS A systematic review was performed to identify risk factors for MAE. The odds ratios (ORs) of each factor were pooled across studies. The PAT scoring scheme was developed based on pooled ORs. The PAT score was internally validated with published 105 Asian patients (follow-up 8.0 ± 4.1 [SD] years) and externally validated with unpublished 164 multiracial patients (82.3% White, 14.6% Asian, 3.2% Black; mean follow-up 8.0 ± 6.9 years) with Brugada syndrome. Performances were assessed and compared with previous scores using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Sixty-seven studies published between 2002 and 2022 from 26 countries (7358 patients) were included. Pooled ORs were estimated, indicating that 15 of 23 risk factors were significant. The PAT score was then developed accordingly. The PAT score had significantly better discrimination (ROC 0.9671) than the BRUGADA-RISK score (ROC 0.7210; P = .006), Shanghai Score System (ROC 0.7079; P = .003), and Sieira et al score (ROC 0.8174; P = .026) in an external validation cohort. PAT score ≥ 10 predicted the first MAE with 95.5% sensitivity and 89.1% specificity (ROC 0.9460) and the recurrent MAE (ROC 0.7061) with 15.4% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity. CONCLUSION The PAT score was shown to be useful in predicting MAE for primary prevention in patients with Brugada syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattara Rattanawong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Carolyn Mead-Harvey
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | | | - Jakrin Kewcharoen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | | | - Wasawat Vutthikraivit
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Narut Prasitlumkum
- Department of Cardiology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Prapaipan Putthapiban
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Kumpol Chintanavilas
- Cardiology Department, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | | | - Tachapong Ngarmukos
- Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ammarin Thakkinstian
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dan Sorajja
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Win-Kuang Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona.
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4
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Moras E, Gandhi K, Narasimhan B, Brugada R, Brugada J, Brugada P, Krittanawong C. Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms in Brugada Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12:1791. [PMID: 37443825 PMCID: PMC10340412 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome is a rare hereditary arrhythmia disorder characterized by a distinctive electrocardiogram pattern and an elevated risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in young adults. Despite recent advances, it remains a complex condition, encompassing mechanisms, genetics, diagnosis, arrhythmia risk stratification, and management. The underlying electrophysiological mechanism of Brugada syndrome requires further investigation, with current theories focusing on abnormalities in repolarization, depolarization, and current-load match. The genetic basis of the syndrome is strong, with mutations found in genes encoding subunits of cardiac sodium, potassium, and calcium channels, as well as genes involved in channel trafficking and regulation. While the initial discovery of mutations in the SCN5A gene provided valuable insights, Brugada syndrome is now recognized as a multifactorial disease influenced by several loci and environmental factors, challenging the traditional autosomal dominant inheritance model. This comprehensive review aims to provide a current understanding of Brugada syndrome, focusing on its pathophysiology, genetic mechanisms, and novel models of risk stratification. Advancements in these areas hold the potential to facilitate earlier diagnosis, improve risk assessments, and enable more targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Errol Moras
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kruti Gandhi
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bharat Narasimhan
- Debakey Cardiovascular Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Cardiology, Cardiac Genetics Clinical Unit, Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Hospital Santa Caterina, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center and Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Girona-IdIBGi, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Josep Brugada
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Brugada
- Cardiovascular Division, Free University of Brussels (UZ Brussel) VUB, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Medical Centre Prof. Brugada, B-9300 Aalst, Belgium
- Arrhythmia Unit, Helicopteros Sanitarios Hospital (HSH), Puerto Banús, 29603 Marbella, Spain
| | - Chayakrit Krittanawong
- Cardiology Division, NYU Langone Health and NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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5
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Nakano Y, Shimizu W. Brugada Syndrome as a Major Cause of Sudden Cardiac Death in Asians. JACC. ASIA 2022; 2:412-421. [PMID: 36339362 PMCID: PMC9627855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacasi.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is one of the main inherited arrhythmia syndromes causing ventricular fibrillation (VF) and sudden cardiac death in young to middle-aged men, especially in Asians. The diagnosis of BrS is based on spontaneous or drug-provoked type 1 Brugada electrocardiogram. The current reliable therapy for BrS patients with VF history is the implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. As for BrS patients without VF history, how asymptomatic BrS patients should effectively be treated is still uncertain because risk stratification of the BrS is still inadequate. Various parameters and combinations of several parameters have been reported for risk stratification of BrS. The SCN5A gene is believed to be the only gene that is responsible for BrS, and it has been reported to be useful for risk stratification. This review focuses on risk stratification of BrS patients, and focuses specifically on BrS patients of Asian descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Mareddy C, ScM MT, McDaniel G, Monfredi O. Exercise in the Genetic Arrhythmia Syndromes - A Review. Clin Sports Med 2022; 41:485-510. [PMID: 35710274 DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Provide a brief summary of your article (100-150 words; no references or figures/tables). The synopsis appears only in the table of contents and is often used by indexing services such as PubMed. Genetic arrhythmia syndromes are rare, yet harbor the potential for highly consequential, often unpredictable arrhythmias or sudden death events. There has been historical uncertainty regarding the correct advice to offer to affected patients who are reasonably wanting to participate in sporting and athletic endeavors. In some cases, this had led to abundantly cautious disqualifications, depriving individuals from participation unnecessarily. Societal guidance and expert opinion has evolved significantly over the last decade or 2, along with our understanding of the genetics and natural history of these conditions, and the emphasis has switched toward shared decision making with respect to the decision to participate or not, with patients and families becoming better informed, and willing participants in the decision making process. This review aims to give a brief update of the salient issues for the busy physician concerning these syndromes and to provide a framework for approaching their management in the otherwise aspirational or keen sports participant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmaya Mareddy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, 1215 Lee St, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Matthew Thomas ScM
- Department of Pediatrics, P.O. Box 800386, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - George McDaniel
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Battle Building 6th Floor, 1204 W. Main St, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Oliver Monfredi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, 1215 Lee St, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Ikeuchi Y, Ochi H, Motoda C, Tokuyama T, Okubo Y, Okamura S, Miyauchi S, Miyamoto S, Uotani Y, Onohara Y, Nakashima M, Akiyama R, Tahara H, Chayama K, Kihara Y, Nakano Y. Plasma MicroRNAs as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers in patients with Brugada syndrome. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261390. [PMID: 35617207 PMCID: PMC9135283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome (BrS) can be diagnosed by a type 1 BrS tracing in a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). However, there are daily variations in the ECGs of BrS patients, which presents a challenge when diagnosing BrS. Although many susceptibility genes have been identified, the SCN5A gene is reportedly the main causative gene of BrS. However, most patients do not have an evidence of genetic predisposition to develop BrS. In addition, the diagnosis and risk stratification for ventricular fibrillation (VF) in patients with BrS presents some problems. Meanwhile, circulating micro RNAs (miRNAs) have drawn increased attention as potential biomarkers of various diseases. We hypothesize that circulating miRNAs may be potential diagnostic biomarkers for BrS. METHODS We enrolled 70 Japanese BrS patients and 34 controls for the screening cohort. A total of 2,555 miRNA sequences were detected using the 3D-Gene miRNAs labeling kit and 3D-Gene Human miRNAs Oligo Chip. We compared the expression of the miRNAs between the BrS patients and the controls. We validated whether the miRNA were significantly up- or downregulated in the screening cohort using RT-PCR. We also enrolled 72 Japanese BrS patients and 56 controls to replicate these miRNAs. RESULTS Eight miRNAs (hsa-miR-223-3p, hsa-miR-22-3p, hsa-miR-221-3p, hsa-miR-4485-5p, hsa-miR-550a-5p, hsa-miR-423-3p, hsa-miR-23a-3p, and hsa-miR-30d-5p) were downregulated, and one miRNA (hsa-miR-873-3p) was upregulated by more than 3-fold in BrS patients. The multivariate logistic regression analysis determined that hsa-miR-423-3p, hsa-miR-223-3p, and hsa-miR-23a-3p were independently associated with BrS (P < 0.0001). The AUC based on cross validation was 0.871 with a sensitivity and specificity of 83.5% and 81.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The plasma miRNAs are potential noninvasive biomarkers of BrS, and the constructed logistic model was useful for discriminating BrS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ikeuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ochi
- Department of Health Management, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chikaaki Motoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takehito Tokuyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yousaku Okubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sho Okamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shogo Miyamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukimi Uotani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuko Onohara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mika Nakashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rie Akiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tahara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuki Kihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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8
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Steinmetz K, Rudic B, Borggrefe M, Müller K, Siebert R, Rottbauer W, Ludolph A, Buckert D, Rosenbohm A. J wave syndromes in patients with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. J Neurol 2022; 269:3690-3699. [PMID: 35132468 PMCID: PMC9217903 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-10992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Males with X-linked recessive spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) are reported to die suddenly and a Brugada electrocardiography (ECG) pattern may be present. A hallmark of this pattern is the presence of ST segment elevations in right precordial leads associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. OBJECTIVE We aimed to detect subtle myocardial abnormalities using ECG and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in patients with SBMA. METHODS 30 SBMA patients (55.7 ± 11.9 years) and 11 healthy male controls underwent 12-lead ECGs were recorded using conventional and modified chest leads. CMR included feature-tracking strain analysis, late gadolinium enhancement and native T1 and T2 mapping. RESULTS Testosterone levels were increased in 6/29 patients. Abnormal ECGs were recorded in 70%, consisting of a Brugada ECG pattern, early repolarization or fragmented QRS. Despite normal left ventricular ejection fraction (66 ± 5%), SBMA patients exhibited more often left ventricular hypertrophy as compared to controls (34.5% vs 20%). End-diastolic volumes were smaller in SBMA patients (left ventricular volume index 61.7 ± 14.7 ml/m2 vs. 79.1 ± 15.5 ml/m2; right ventricular volume index 64.4 ± 16.4 ml/m2 vs. 75.3 ± 17.5 ml/m2). Tissue characterization with T1-mapping revealed diffuse myocardial fibrosis in SBMA patients (73.9% vs. 9.1%, device-specific threshold for T1: 1030 ms). CONCLUSION SBMA patients show abnormal ECGs and structural abnormalities, which may explain an increased risk of sudden death. These findings underline the importance of ECG screening, measurement of testosterone levels and potentially CMR imaging to assess cardiac risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Steinmetz
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Boris Rudic
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Borggrefe
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kathrin Müller
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Albert Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Partner Site Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Angela Rosenbohm
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited cardiac arrhythmia syndrome that causes a heightened risk for ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. BrS is characterised by a coved ST-segment elevation in right precordial leads. The prevalence is estimated to range between 1 in 5,000 to 1 in 2,000 in different populations, with the highest being in Southeast Asia and in males. More than 18 genes associated with BrS have been discovered and recent evidence has suggested a complex polygenic mode of inheritance with multiple common and rare genetic variants acting in concert to produce the BrS phenotype. Diagnosis of BrS in patients currently relies on presentation with a type-1 Brugada pattern on ECG either spontaneously or following a drug provocation test using a sodium channel blocker. Risk assessment in patients diagnosed with BrS is controversial, especially with regard to the predictive value of programmed electrical stimulation and novel ECG parameters, such as QRS fragmentation. The first line of BrS therapy remains an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), although radiofrequency catheter ablation has been shown to be an effective option in patients with contraindications for an ICD. True BrS can be unmasked on ECG in susceptible individuals by monitoring factors such as fever, and this has been recently evident in several patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Aggressive antipyretic therapy and regular ECG monitoring until fever resolves are current recommendations to help reduce the arrhythmic risk in these COVID-19 patients. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, genetics, clinical diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment of patients with BrS, with special emphasis on COVID-19 comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giridhar Korlipara
- Cardiology Division of Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Militz MS, Inacio ADS, Wagner HM, Wangenheim AV, Forno ARJD, Moreira DM. Prevalence and Related Characteristics of Patients with Brugada Pattern Electrocardiogram in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:343-349. [PMID: 34495231 PMCID: PMC8395791 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20190542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamento: A síndrome de Brugada é um distúrbio arritmogênico hereditário caracterizado pela presença de características eletrocardiográficas específicas com ou sem sintomas. Os pacientes apresentam risco aumentado de morte súbita por fibrilação ventricular. A prevalência desse padrão eletrocardiográfico difere de acordo com a região estudada. Porém, informações epidemiológicas, incluindo a população brasileira, são escassas. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência do padrão eletrocardiográfico da síndrome de Brugada e o perfil epidemiológico associado a ela. Métodos: Estudo transversal que incluiu 846.533 registros ECG de 716.973 pacientes do banco de dados de eletrocardiograma (ECG) da Rede de Telemedicina de Santa Catarina por um período de quatro anos. Todos os exames foram ECG de 12 derivações convencionais (sem V1 e V2 em posições altas). Os exames identificados com o diagnóstico de “Síndrome de Brugada” (tipos 1 e 2) foram revisados por um eletrofisiologista. Foram considerados significativos valores de p<0,05. Resultados: Apresentavam padrão potencialmente consistente com ECG do tipo Brugada 83 pacientes. Destes, 33 foram confirmados com padrão de Brugada tipo 1, e 22 com tipo 2, após reavaliação. A prevalência de ECG do tipo 1 de Brugada foi de 4,6 por 100.000 pacientes. O ECG do tipo Brugada 1 foi associado ao sexo masculino (81,8% vs. 41,5%, p<0,001) e menor prevalência de obesidade (9,1% vs. 26,4%, p=0,028). Conclusões: Este estudo mostrou baixa prevalência de ECG do tipo Brugada no sul do Brasil. A presença de ECG com padrão Brugada tipo 1 esteve associada ao sexo masculino e menor prevalência de obesidade que a população geral.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Medeiros Moreira
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, SC - Brasil.,Instituto de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina, São José, SC - Brasil
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Miyao S, Kubota Y, Nagino N, Egawa S, Nakamoto H, Fukuchi S, Kawamata T. [A case of cardiac arrest due to the appearance of Brugada-type electrocardiogram during epilepsy treatment]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2021; 61:466-470. [PMID: 34148935 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The appearance of arrhythmias in epilepsy practice can lead to sudden death. This time, we experienced a case of cardiac arrest caused by lethal arrhythmia and resuscitation, and captured changes in the electrocardiogram over time from outpatient, before and after sudden change, after resuscitation, to convalescent period. QT prolongation and Brugada-type waveforms were confirmed in the changes over time in the electrocardiogram. Focusing on the importance of recognizing the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic interactions with Na channel blockers and psychotropic drugs that may induce electrocardiographic changes, we emphasized the importance of electrocardiogram in epilepsy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Miyao
- Department of Epilepsy Center, TMG Asaka Medical Center
| | - Yuichi Kubota
- Department of Epilepsy Center, TMG Asaka Medical Center
| | - Naoto Nagino
- Department of Epilepsy Center, TMG Asaka Medical Center
| | - Satoshi Egawa
- Department of Epilepsy Center, TMG Asaka Medical Center
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Yuasa H, Kitaura A, Kitayama C, Fuyuta M, Mino T, Okamoto K, Nakao S. A 32-Year-Old Man Diagnosed with Type II Brugada Syndrome on Preoperative Electrocardiogram 1 Week Before Elective Tympanoplasty. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e927756. [PMID: 33737506 PMCID: PMC7988432 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.927756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 32-year-old Final Diagnosis: Brugada syndrome Symptoms: No specific symptoms Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Anesthesiology • Cardiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruyuki Yuasa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Kitaura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chiyako Kitayama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Fuyuta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kindai University Faculity of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kindai University Faculity of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Okamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kindai University Faculity of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kindai University Faculity of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
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Wang L, Yeo TJ, Tan B, Destrube B, Tong KL, Tan SY, Chan G, Huang Z, Tan F, Wang YC, Lee JY, Fung E, Mak GYK, So R, Wanlapakorn C, Ambari AM, Cuenza L, Koh CH, Tan JWC. Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology Consensus Recommendations for Pre-participation Screening in Young Competitive Athletes. Eur Cardiol 2021; 16:e44. [PMID: 34815752 PMCID: PMC8591617 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2021.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sports-related sudden cardiac death is a rare but devastating consequence of sports participation. Certain pathologies underlying sports-related sudden cardiac death could have been picked up pre-participation and the affected athletes advised on appropriate preventive measures and/or suitability for training or competition. However, mass screening efforts - especially in healthy young populations - are fraught with challenges, most notably the need to balance scarce medical resources and sustainability of such screening programmes, in healthcare systems that are already stretched. Given the rising trend of young sports participants across the Asia-Pacific region, the working group of the Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology (APSC) developed a sports classification system that incorporates dynamic and static components of various sports, with deliberate integration of sports events unique to the Asia-Pacific region. The APSC expert panel reviewed and appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. Consensus recommendations were developed, which were then put to an online vote. Consensus was reached when 80% of votes for a recommendation were agree or neutral. The resulting statements described here provide guidance on the need for cardiovascular pre-participation screening for young competitive athletes based on the intensity of sports they engage in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luokai Wang
- National Heart Centre SingaporeSingapore
- Sengkang General HospitalSingapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gregory Chan
- The Occupational and Diving Medicine CentreSingapore
| | | | - Frankie Tan
- Sports Science and Medicine Centre, Singapore Sports InstituteSingapore
| | - Yu Chen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asia University HospitalTaichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Erik Fung
- The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | | | - Raymond So
- Elite Training Science & Technology, Hong Kong Sports InstituteHong Kong
| | | | - Ade Meidian Ambari
- National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University of IndonesiaJakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lucky Cuenza
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Center, Medical Center ManilaPhilippines
| | | | - Jack Wei Chieh Tan
- National Heart Centre SingaporeSingapore
- Sengkang General HospitalSingapore
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Zhao D, Liang B, Peng J, Tang L, Su R, Luo L, Deng B, Wang S. Long-term follow-up in patients with Brugada Syndrome in South China. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2021; 26:e12823. [PMID: 33417270 PMCID: PMC8164141 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the presence of Brugada electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern, clinical characteristics, treatment, and long‐term prognosis of Brugada syndrome in southern Chinese population. Methods This prospective study consisted of a consecutive series of patients with diagnostic coved type I Brugada ECG pattern at baseline between January 2007 and February 2020. Histories of symptoms including ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation (VF) episode, syncope, and family history of Brugada Syndrome (BrS) or unexplained sudden cardiac death were collected. Electrophysiological study and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) were performed. All patients included in this study were followed up in the outpatient department every 6 months after baseline evaluation. Occurrences of syncope, VF, and sudden death were independently analyzed by two cardiologists. Results 45 (56.3%) patients were diagnosed with BrS. During a mean follow‐up of 7.9 ± 3.6 years, six patients had experienced documented VF/sudden cardiac death (SCD) or recurrent syncope. Two patients experienced episodes of syncope more than once. Two patients experienced onset of electrical storm with a total of 11 episodes of VF. There were 50% of these events occurring in fever status. One of patient with BrS died of SCD. Conclusion There was a very low prevalence of Brugada syndrome in southern Chinese population. The risk of arrhythmic events was low in asymptomatic patients. ICD was high effective in preventing SCD without adverse device outcome in long‐term follow‐up. Fever can lead to predispose to malignant arrhythmia, and aggressive treatment of febrile state in Brugada syndrome was recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Zhao
- First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Bo Liang
- First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangyu Tang
- First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Rongbin Su
- First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Lingli Luo
- First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Bin Deng
- First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, China
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15
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Rattanawong P, Kewcharoen J, Techorueangwiwat C, Kanitsoraphan C, Mekritthikrai R, Prasitlumkum N, Puttapiban P, Mekraksakit P, Vutthikraivit W, Sorajja D. Wide QRS complex and the risk of major arrhythmic events in Brugada syndrome patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Arrhythm 2020; 36:143-152. [PMID: 32071633 PMCID: PMC7011812 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited arrhythmic disease associated with an increased risk of major arrhythmic events (MAE). Previous studies reported that a wide QRS complex may be useful as a predictor of MAE in BrS patients. We aimed to assess the correlation of wide QRS complex with MAE by a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We comprehensively searched the databases of MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to June 2019. Included studies were cohort and case control studies that reported QRS duration and the relationship between wide QRS complex (>120 milliseconds) and MAE (sudden cardiac death, sudden cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation, sustained ventricular tachycardia, or appropriate shock). Data from each study were combined using the random-effects model. RESULTS Twenty-two studies from 2007 to 2018 were included in this meta-analysis involving 4,814 BrS patients. The mean age was 46.1 ± 12.8 years. The patients were predominately men (77.6%). Wide QRS duration was an independent predictor of MAE (pooled risk ratio 1.55, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-2.30, P = .30, I 2 = 38.4%). QRS duration was wider in BrS who had history of MAE (weight mean difference = 8.12 milliseconds, 95% confidence interval: 5.75-10.51 milliseconds). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that QRS duration is wider in BrS who had history of MAE, and a wide QRS complex is associated with 1.55 times higher risk of MAE in BrS populations. Wide QRS complex can be considered for risk stratification in prediction of MAE in patients with BrS, especially when considering implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement in asymptomatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattara Rattanawong
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicPhoenixAZUSA
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Jakrin Kewcharoen
- University of Hawaii Internal Medicine Residency ProgramHonoluluHIUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Poemlarp Mekraksakit
- Department of Internal MedicineTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA
| | - Wasawat Vutthikraivit
- Department of Internal MedicineTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA
| | - Dan Sorajja
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicPhoenixAZUSA
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16
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Virani SS, Alonso A, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Delling FN, Djousse L, Elkind MSV, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Kwan TW, Lackland DT, Lewis TT, Lichtman JH, Longenecker CT, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Martin SS, Matsushita K, Moran AE, Mussolino ME, Perak AM, Rosamond WD, Roth GA, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Shay CM, Spartano NL, Stokes A, Tirschwell DL, VanWagner LB, Tsao CW. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2020; 141:e139-e596. [PMID: 31992061 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4899] [Impact Index Per Article: 1224.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports on the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2020 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, metrics to assess and monitor healthy diets, an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, a focus on the global burden of cardiovascular disease, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors, implementation strategies, and implications of the American Heart Association's 2020 Impact Goals. RESULTS Each of the 26 chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, healthcare administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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17
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Benjamin EJ, Muntner P, Alonso A, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Das SR, Delling FN, Djousse L, Elkind MSV, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Jordan LC, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Kwan TW, Lackland DT, Lewis TT, Lichtman JH, Longenecker CT, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Martin SS, Matsushita K, Moran AE, Mussolino ME, O'Flaherty M, Pandey A, Perak AM, Rosamond WD, Roth GA, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Spartano NL, Stokes A, Tirschwell DL, Tsao CW, Turakhia MP, VanWagner LB, Wilkins JT, Wong SS, Virani SS. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 139:e56-e528. [PMID: 30700139 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5374] [Impact Index Per Article: 1074.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Sutterland AL, Blom MT, Ladee K, Lubbers JJM, Cohen D, de Haan L, Tan HL. Increased prevalence of ECG suspicious for Brugada Syndrome in recent onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophr Res 2019; 210:59-65. [PMID: 31248748 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death, traditionally attributed to prolonged QTc interval and increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. However, defective ion channels implicated in both schizophrenia and Brugada Syndrome (BrS) may be associated with an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Moreover, these cardiac arrhythmias can be provoked by various drugs, including psychotropic drugs. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of the occurrence of ECG suspicious for BrS (suspect BrS-ECG) and the prevalence of BrS in patients with recent onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). METHODS In this case-control study, ECGs of 388 patients with recent onset SSD admitted between 2006 and 2015 and 844 healthy controls were made. All persons who had a suspect BrS-ECG were offered an ajmaline provocation test to diagnose or exclude BrS. Data on possible confounders were ascertained. Patients with and without suspect BrS-ECG were compared regarding clinical and ECG variables. RESULTS Suspect BrS-ECG was found in 33 patients (8.5%) and 13 healthy controls (1.5%), with an adjusted Odds Ratio of 3.5 (p < 0.0001). This finding was not explained by potential confounders such as gender, age, ethnicity, cannabis use, cardiovascular risk factors, medication use or serum electrolytes. BrS was confirmed in three patients and one control. CONCLUSION A considerable subset of patients with recent onset SSD have suspect BrS-ECG, extending earlier findings in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Screening for BrS in schizophrenia could be relevant both to prevent sudden cardiac death and to identify a subgroup of patients with possible ion-channel dysfunctioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjen L Sutterland
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Early Psychosis Section, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marieke T Blom
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katinka Ladee
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Early Psychosis Section, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jorieke J M Lubbers
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Early Psychosis Section, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dan Cohen
- Mental Health Service North-Holland North, Department of Community Mental Health, Heerhugowaard, the Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Early Psychosis Section, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanno L Tan
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Abbas H, Roomi S, Ullah W, Ahmad A, Gajanan G. Brugada pattern: a comprehensive review on the demographic and clinical spectrum. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/7/e229829. [PMID: 31300599 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-229829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A prominent coved or saddle-shaped ST-segment elevation followed by T wave changes in V1-V3 and in the absence of other identifiable cause is termed as Brugada pattern. This pattern in the presence of documented ventricular arrhythmias or its symptoms (syncope, seizure) or significant family for sudden cardiac death or abovementioned ECG changes is called Brugada syndrome. Here we present a comprehensive literature review on the precipitation factors of Brugada syndrome/pattern by various stimuli, its presentation, associations, management and outcomes. We are also presenting a unique case of Brugada pattern where the patient's Brugada pattern was unmasked at an extreme old age by infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abbas
- Internal Medicine, Abington Jefferson Health, Abington, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sohaib Roomi
- Internal Medicine, Abington Jefferson Health, Abington, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Waqas Ullah
- Internal Medicine, Abington Jefferson Health, Abington, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Asrar Ahmad
- Internal Medicine, Abington Jefferson Health, Abington, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ganesh Gajanan
- Internal Medicine, Abington Jefferson Health, Abington, Pennsylvania, USA
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Aiba T. Recent understanding of clinical sequencing and gene-based risk stratification in inherited primary arrhythmia syndrome. J Cardiol 2019; 73:335-342. [PMID: 30910390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes (IPAS) may result in ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation by some genetic disorders, leading to sudden cardiac death. IPAS are also called "channelopathies" since many of these are caused by an abnormality in myocardial ion channels. Congenital long-QT syndrome (LQTS) is the most well documented IPAS, which may be seen in 0.1% of the general population. More than 15 disease-causing genes have been identified in almost 70% of LQTS patients and genetic testing is well applied to not only clinical diagnosis but also risk stratification and gene-based therapeutic strategy for each person with LQTS. Thus, in LQTS, gene-based personalized medicine can be realized. Unlike the LQTS, genetic testing for the Brugada syndrome (BrS) is still controversial since only 20% of patients can be identified with the causing gene mutations, most of which are in SCN5A. Furthermore, even in the SCN5A mutation-positive carriers, their phenotypes are not completely consistent with BrS, but may cause other IPAS including LQTS, cardiac conduction defect, sick sinus syndrome, and dilated cardiomyopathy. On the other hand, a recent Japanese BrS registry demonstrated that the pore-region mutations in SCN5A are significantly associated with a risk of lethal cardiac events. Furthermore, a genome-wide association study revealed that a common variant in SCN10A or HEY2 in addition to SCN5A is associated with BrS, thus, BrS may not be a monogenic Mendelian disease but probably an oligogenic disease. The purpose of this review is to describe the basic genetic and pathophysiological findings of the IPAS, particularly LQTS and Brugada syndrome, and to outline a rational approach to genetic testing, management, and family screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Aiba
- Department of Advanced Arrhythmia and Translational Medical Science, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
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21
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Brugada pattern exposed with administration of amiodarone during emergent treatment of ventricular tachycardia. Am J Emerg Med 2019; 37:376.e3-376.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Monasky MM, Pappone C, Piccoli M, Ghiroldi A, Micaglio E, Anastasia L. Calcium in Brugada Syndrome: Questions for Future Research. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1088. [PMID: 30147658 PMCID: PMC6095984 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brugada syndrome (BrS) is characterized by coved-type ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads on the electrocardiogram (ECG) and increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). While it is an inheritable disease, determining the true prevalence is a challenge, since patients may report no known family history of the syndrome, present with a normal spontaneous ECG pattern at the time of examination, and test negative for all known BrS-causative genes. In fact, SCD is often the first indication that a person is affected by the syndrome. Men are more likely to be symptomatic than women. Abnormal, low-voltage, fractionated electrograms have been found in the epicardium of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). Ablation of this area abolishes the abnormal electrograms and helps to prevent arrhythmic recurrences. BrS patients are more likely to experience ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF) during fever or during an increase in vagal tone. Isoproterenol helps to reverse the ECG BrS phenotype. In this review, we discuss roles of calcium in various conditions that are relevant to BrS, such as changes in temperature, heart rate, and vagal tone, and the effects of gender and isoproterenol on calcium handling. Studies are warranted to further investigate these mechanisms in models of BrS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Piccoli
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiroldi
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Micaglio
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Hayashi H, Sumiyoshi M, Nakazato Y, Daida H. Brugada syndrome and sinus node dysfunction. J Arrhythm 2018; 34:216-221. [PMID: 29951135 PMCID: PMC6009769 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a well-known catastrophic disease first reported in 1992 by the Brugada brothers. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is an essential arrhythmia in BrS. An association between BrS and atrial tachyarrhythmias is not uncommon. However, sinus node dysfunction (SND) associated with BrS has not been well discussed. In this review, we focus on the association between BrS and SND. Based on previous reports describing clinical, epidemiological, and genetic evidence, SND is not a rare concomitant disorder in BrS. BrS may be a multiple conduction or arrhythmogenic disorder including not only the His-Purkinje system and right ventricle, but also the sinus node and atrium, derived from ion channel mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemori Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | | | - Yuji Nakazato
- Department of CardiologyJuntendo University Urayasu HospitalUrayasuJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited cardiac arrhythmia syndrome characterized by ST-segment elevation in right precordial ECG leads and associated with sudden cardiac death in young adults. The ECG manifestations of BrS are often concealed but can be unmasked by sodium channel blockers and fever. Areas covered: Implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is first-line therapy for BrS patients presenting with prior cardiac arrest or documented VT. A pharmacological approach to therapy is recommended in cases of electrical storm, as an adjunct to ICD and as preventative therapy. The goal of pharmacological therapy is to produce an inward shift to counter the genetically-induced outward shift of ion channel current flowing during the early phases of the ventricular epicardial action potential. This is accomplished by augmentation of ICa using □□adrenergic agents or phosphodiesterase III inhibitors or via inhibition of Ito. Radiofrequency ablation of the right ventricular outward flow tract epicardium is effective in suppressing arrhythmogenesis in BrS patients experiencing frequent appropriate ICD-shocks. Expert commentary: Understanding of the pathophysiology and approach to therapy of BrS has advanced considerably in recent years, but there remains an urgent need for development of cardio-selective and ion-channel-specific Ito blockers for treatment of BrS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Argenziano
- a Cardiovascular Research , Lankenau Institute for Medical Research , Wynnewood , PA , USA
| | - Charles Antzelevitch
- a Cardiovascular Research , Lankenau Institute for Medical Research , Wynnewood , PA , USA.,b Cardiovascular Research , Lankenau Heart Institute , Wynnewood , PA , USA.,c Department of Medicine and Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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25
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Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Delling FN, Deo R, de Ferranti SD, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Gillespie C, Isasi CR, Jiménez MC, Jordan LC, Judd SE, Lackland D, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth L, Liu S, Longenecker CT, Lutsey PL, Mackey JS, Matchar DB, Matsushita K, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, O'Flaherty M, Palaniappan LP, Pandey A, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Ritchey MD, Rodriguez CJ, Roth GA, Rosamond WD, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Shah SH, Spartano NL, Tirschwell DL, Tsao CW, Voeks JH, Willey JZ, Wilkins JT, Wu JH, Alger HM, Wong SS, Muntner P. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2018; 137:e67-e492. [PMID: 29386200 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4531] [Impact Index Per Article: 755.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Chen CYJ, Juang JMJ, Chen YH, Wu IC, Hsu CC, Wu RC, Chen KC, Liaw WJ, Tsai TL, Lin LY, Hwang JJ, Ho LT, Yu CC, Lee JK, Wu CK, Yeh SFS, Yang DH, Chang IS, Lai LP, Chiang FT, Lin JL, Hsiung CA. Comparisons of clinical impacts on individuals with Brugada electrocardiographic patterns defined by ISHNE criteria or EHRA/HRS/APHRS criteria: a nationwide community-based study. Ann Med 2018; 50:7-15. [PMID: 28685636 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2017.1353222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identifying Brugada electrocardiographic pattern (BrP) early is crucial to prevent sudden cardiac death. Two different diagnostic criteria proposed by International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiography (ISHNE) and Heart Rhythm Society/European Heart Rhythm Association/Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (HRS/EHRA/APHRS) were widely used in clinical practice. The difference in prevalence and prognosis of BrP by applying the two different criteria was never studied before. METHODS This study was prospectively conducted in a nationwide large-scale stratified random sampling community-based cohort (HALST) from Han Chinese population in Taiwan from December 2008 to December 2012. We compared the prevalence and prognosis of BrP defined by the two diagnostic criteria. RESULTS A total of 5214 adults were enrolled (2530 men) with mean age of 69.3 years. Four had spontaneous type 1 BrP (0.077%). By the HRS/EHRA/APHRS criteria, 68 individuals have type 2 BrP (1.30%) and 101 have type 3 BrP (1.94%) whereas by the ISHNE criteria, 46 individuals exhibited type 2 BrP (0.88%). When applying the ISHNE criteria, the number of individuals with BrP decreased by 71%. However, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were not different between individuals with or without BrP, irrespective of the criteria used. CONCLUSIONS The two different criteria may impact the diagnostic yield of individuals with BrP, but do not affect the prognosis of the individuals with BrP. Key messages Comparing with the use of HRS/EHRA/APHRS criteria, the number of individuals with Brugada ECG patterns was decreased by 71% when applying the ISHNE criteria. The prognosis of individuals with Brugada ECG patterns defined by 2012 ISHNE or 2013 HRS/EHRA/APHRS criteria were not different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yu Julius Chen
- a Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Jimmy Juang
- a Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsiang Chen
- b Institute of Population Health Sciences , National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan , Taiwan
| | - I-Chien Wu
- b Institute of Population Health Sciences , National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsu
- b Institute of Population Health Sciences , National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan , Taiwan
| | - Ray-Chin Wu
- b Institute of Population Health Sciences , National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan , Taiwan
| | - Kwo-Ching Chen
- c Department of Family Medicine , Hope Doctors Hospital , Miaoli , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jin Liaw
- d Department of Family Medicine , Yee Zen General Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lung Tsai
- e Department of Internal Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare , Puzi Hospital , Puzi , Taiwan
| | - Lian-Yu Lin
- a Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Juey-Jen Hwang
- a Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Ho
- a Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Yu
- a Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kuang Lee
- a Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Cho-Kai Wu
- a Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Fan Sherri Yeh
- f Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Dun-Hui Yang
- g Department of Radiology , Tainan Municipal Hospital , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - I-Shou Chang
- h National Institute of Cancer Research , National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan , Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ping Lai
- a Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tien Chiang
- a Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Lee Lin
- a Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chao Agnes Hsiung
- b Institute of Population Health Sciences , National Health Research Institutes , Zhunan , Taiwan
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Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is one of the commonest inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes typically presenting with arrhythmic syncope or sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation precipitated by vagotonia or fever in apparently healthy adults, less frequently in children. The prevalence of the syndrome (0.01%-0.3%) varies among regions and ethnicities, being the highest in Southeast Asia. BrS is diagnosed by the "coved type" ST-segment elevation≥2mm followed by a negative T-wave in ≥1 of the right precordial leads V1-V2. The typical electrocardiogram in BrS is often concealed by fluctuations between normal, non-diagnostic and diagnostic ST-segment pattern in the same patient, thus hindering the diagnosis. Presently, the majority of BrS patients is incidentally diagnosed, and may remain asymptomatic for their lifetime. However, BrS is responsible for 4-12% of all SCDs and for ~20% of SCDs in patients with structurally normal hearts. Arrhythmic risk is the highest in SCD survivors and in patients with spontaneous BrS electrocardiogram and arrhythmic syncope, but risk stratification for SCD in asymptomatic subjects has not yet been fully defined. Recent achievements have expanded our understanding of the genetics and electrophysiological mechanisms underlying BrS, while radiofrequency catheter ablation may be an effective new approach to treat ventricular tachyarrhythmias in BrS patients with arrhythmic storms. The present review summarizes our contemporary understanding and recent advances in the inheritance, pathophysiology, clinical assessment and treatment of BrS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija M Polovina
- School of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia; Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Bojan Banko
- Centre for Radiology and MRI, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- School of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia; University of Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tatjana S Potpara
- School of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia; Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Konopka IV, Garro HA, Tepper RB, Pizzarelli N, Gonzalez MD, Acunzo RS. Masquerading bundle branch block obscuring the diagnosis of Brugada syndrome: an electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic study. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:1362-1368. [PMID: 28781860 PMCID: PMC5538077 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the induction of a masquerading bundle branch block in two patients with Brugada syndrome following the administration of Ajmaline. The development of this conduction disturbance prevented the correct electrocardiographic diagnosis. However, the simultaneously obtained vectocardiogram identified both the Brugada pattern and the masquerading bundle branch block.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugo A. Garro
- Division of CardiologyRamos Mejía HospitalBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Rita B. Tepper
- Division of CardiologyRamos Mejía HospitalBuenos AiresArgentina
| | | | - Mario D. Gonzalez
- Clinical ElectrophysiologyHershey Medical CenterPennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPennsylvania
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29
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Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R, de Ferranti SD, Floyd J, Fornage M, Gillespie C, Isasi CR, Jiménez MC, Jordan LC, Judd SE, Lackland D, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth L, Liu S, Longenecker CT, Mackey RH, Matsushita K, Mozaffarian D, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Thiagarajan RR, Reeves MJ, Ritchey M, Rodriguez CJ, Roth GA, Rosamond WD, Sasson C, Towfighi A, Tsao CW, Turner MB, Virani SS, Voeks JH, Willey JZ, Wilkins JT, Wu JH, Alger HM, Wong SS, Muntner P. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017; 135:e146-e603. [PMID: 28122885 PMCID: PMC5408160 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6111] [Impact Index Per Article: 873.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Quan XQ, Li S, Liu R, Zheng K, Wu XF, Tang Q. A meta-analytic review of prevalence for Brugada ECG patterns and the risk for death. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5643. [PMID: 27977610 PMCID: PMC5268056 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Brugada ECG pattern (BrEP) is different in different regions, and its mean prevalence over the world is unknown. The risk of people with BrEP for death remains unknown. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of BrEP and risk ratio (RR) for death. METHODS Relevant studies published between July 1, 2000 and August 20, 2016, which contain prevalence and RR for all-cause death and cardiac death, were included. The prevalence and RR are analyzed using meta-analysis. RESULTS We finally retrieved 24 studies of the prevalence for BrEP and 5 studies of the RR for all-cause death and cardiac death. The worldwide mean prevalence of BrEP is 0.4%, with highest in Asia (0.9%) and lowest in North America (0.2%). Additionally, the mean prevalence in male is 0.9%, whereas it is 0.1% in female. The RR of BrEP for all-cause death is 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.45-1.37), and for cardiac death it is 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.23-3.66). CONCLUSION The prevalence of BrEP is about 0.4% around the world with different prevalence in region and sex. Our study shows that BrEP may not be taken as a predictor of all-cause death and cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Song Li
- Second Clinical School, Tongji Hospital
| | - Rui Liu
- Second Clinical School, Tongji Hospital
| | | | | | - Qiang Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Ishizue N, Niwano S, Saito M, Fukaya H, Nakamura H, Igarashi T, Fujiishi T, Yoshizawa T, Oikawa J, Satoh A, Kishihara J, Murakami M, Niwano H, Miyaoka H, Ako J. Polytherapy with sodium channel-blocking antiepileptic drugs is associated with arrhythmogenic ST-T abnormality in patients with epilepsy. Seizure 2016; 40:81-7. [PMID: 27371909 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent reports have documented the appearance of Brugada-type ST elevation in cases of overdose of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). However, little is known about changes on electrocardiographs (ECGs) during AED use at therapeutic doses. AEDs may cause Brugada-type ST elevation or J-wave-like intraventricular conduction delays through an ion channel-blocking effect. In the present study, we sought to elucidate ECG abnormalities in patients on AED therapy. METHODS The study population consisted of 120 consecutive patients with epilepsy who continued to take AEDs and had ECGs recorded during these therapies. Their clinical background and ECGs were retrospectively analyzed. Brugada-type ST elevation was classified according to the consensus report on Brugada syndrome. A J-wave-like ECG abnormality was defined as the appearance of notching or slurring of the QRS complex (>0.1mV) in the inferior/lateral leads. RESULTS Of the 120 patients, 15 (12.5%) exhibited Brugada-type ST elevation and 35 (29.2%) showed a J-wave-like ECG abnormality. Polytherapy with sodium channel-blocking AEDs (e.g., carbamazepine, phenytoin, lamotrigine) was more frequently observed in patients with Brugada-type ST elevation (p=0.048). However, the serum concentrations of these medicines did not differ between patients with and without ECG abnormalities (carbamazepine: 7.9±4.1 vs. 7.2±5.9μg/dL; phenytoin: 12.7±4.1 vs. 15.5±9.5μg/dL, NS). CONCLUSION ST-T abnormalities were frequently seen in patients using AEDs. The presence of Brugada-type ST elevation was associated with polytherapy with sodium channel-blocking AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruya Ishizue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Niwano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masanori Saito
- Department of Psychiatry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hidehira Fukaya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tazuru Igarashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tamami Fujiishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Jun Oikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Akira Satoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Jun Kishihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masami Murakami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hiroe Niwano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyaoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Junya Ako
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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Gourraud JB, Barc J, Thollet A, Le Scouarnec S, Le Marec H, Schott JJ, Redon R, Probst V. The Brugada Syndrome: A Rare Arrhythmia Disorder with Complex Inheritance. Front Cardiovasc Med 2016; 3:9. [PMID: 27200363 PMCID: PMC4842929 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2016.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For the last 10 years, applying new sequencing technologies to thousands of whole exomes has revealed the high variability of the human genome. Extreme caution should thus be taken to avoid misinterpretation when associating rare genetic variants to disease susceptibility. The Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a rare inherited arrhythmia disease associated with high risk of sudden cardiac death in the young adult. Familial inheritance has long been described as Mendelian, with autosomal dominant mode of transmission and incomplete penetrance. However, all except 1 of the 23 genes previously associated with the disease have been identified through a candidate gene approach. To date, only rare coding variants in the SCN5A gene have been significantly associated with the syndrome. However, the genotype/phenotype studies conducted in families with SCN5A mutations illustrate the complex mode of inheritance of BrS. This genetic complexity has recently been confirmed by the identification of common polymorphic alleles strongly associated with disease risk. The implication of both rare and common variants in BrS susceptibility implies that one should first define a proper genetic model for BrS predisposition prior to applying molecular diagnosis. Although long remains the way to personalized medicine against BrS, the high phenotype variability encountered in familial forms of the disease may partly find an explanation into this specific genetic architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Gourraud
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; l'institut du thorax, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Julien Barc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; l'institut du thorax, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Aurélie Thollet
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, l'institut du thorax , Nantes , France
| | - Solena Le Scouarnec
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; l'institut du thorax, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Hervé Le Marec
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; l'institut du thorax, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Schott
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; l'institut du thorax, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Richard Redon
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; l'institut du thorax, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Vincent Probst
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; l'institut du thorax, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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Zeng Z, Xie Q, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Li W, Huang Z. p.D1690N sodium voltage-gated channel α subunit 5 mutation reduced sodium current density and is associated with Brugada syndrome. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:5216-22. [PMID: 27108952 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited primary arrhythmia disorder, leading to sudden cardiac death due to ventricular tachyarrhythmia, but does not exhibit clinical cardiac abnormalities. The sodium voltage-gated channel α subunit 5 (SCN5A) gene, which encodes the α subunit of the cardiac sodium channel, Nav1.5, is the most common pathogenic gene, although ≥22 BrS‑susceptibility genes have previously been identified. In the present study, a novel genetic variant (p.D1690N) localized in the S5‑S6 linker of domain IV of the Nav1.5 channels was identified in a Chinese Han family. Wild‑type (WT) and p.D1690N Nav1.5 channels were transiently over‑expressed in HEK293 cells and analyzed via the whole-cell patch clamp technique. The p.D1690N mutation significantly reduced the peak sodium current density to 23% of WT (at ‑20 mV; P<0.01), shifted steady‑state activation by 7 mV to increasingly positive potentials (P<0.01). Furthermore, prolonging of the recovery from inactivation was observed in the p.D1690N mutant. No significant change was identified in steady‑state inactivation. Thus, the mutant‑induced changes contributed to the loss of function of Nav1.5 channels, which indicates that the p.D1690N variant may have a pathogenic role in BrS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zeng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of The Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of The Ministry of Education, Cardio‑X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center of Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of The Ministry of Education, Cardio‑X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center of Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
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Sorajja D, Ramakrishna H, Poterack AK, Shen WK, Mookadam F. Brugada syndrome and its relevance in the perioperative period. Ann Card Anaesth 2016; 18:403-13. [PMID: 26139749 PMCID: PMC4881698 DOI: 10.4103/0971-9784.159812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death, as well as ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The defective cardiac sodium channels result in usual electrocardiographic findings of a coved-type ST elevation in precordial leads V1 to V3. The majority of patients have uncomplicated courses with anesthesia, surgery, and invasive procedures. However there is risk of worsening ST elevation and ventricular arrhythmias due to perioperative medications, surgical insult, electrolyte abnormalities, fever, autonomic nervous system tone, as well as other perturbations. Given the increasing numbers of patients with inherited conduction disorders presenting for non-cardiac surgery that are at risk of sudden cardiac death, safe anesthetic management depends upon a detailed knowledge of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Farouk Mookadam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, AZ 85259, USA
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Ion channelopathies are a frequent cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with structurally normal hearts. These are generally Mendelian inherited electrical disorders with variable penetrance and expressivity. The ability to predict the development of life threatening arrhythmias in these patients is challenging. This chapter will present an update on the genetics, the role of genetic testing, and management of the inherited cardiac channelopathies with a focus on the relatively more common syndromes associated with an increased risk of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon F Tomaselli
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 720 N. Rutland Ave. Ross 844, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 720 N. Rutland Ave. Ross 844, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Andreas S Barth
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 720 N. Rutland Ave. Ross 844, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 720 N. Rutland Ave. Ross 844, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Juang JMJ, Chen CYJ, Chen YH, Wu IC, Hsu CC, Chen LN, Tang FC, Wang CC, Juan CC, Chiu HC, Lo HM, Chang IS, Hwang JJ, Lai LP, Chiang FT, Lin JL, Hsiung CA. Prevalence and prognosis of Brugada electrocardiogram patterns in an elderly Han Chinese population: a nation-wide community-based study (HALST cohort). Europace 2016; 17 Suppl 2:ii54-62. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Antzelevitch C, Patocskai B. Brugada Syndrome: Clinical, Genetic, Molecular, Cellular, and Ionic Aspects. Curr Probl Cardiol 2016; 41:7-57. [PMID: 26671757 PMCID: PMC4737702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited cardiac arrhythmia syndrome first described as a new clinical entity in 1992. Electrocardiographically characterized by distinct coved type ST segment elevation in the right-precordial leads, the syndrome is associated with a high risk for sudden cardiac death in young adults, and less frequently in infants and children. The electrocardiographic manifestations of BrS are often concealed and may be unmasked or aggravated by sodium channel blockers, a febrile state, vagotonic agents, as well as by tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator is the most widely accepted approach to therapy. Pharmacologic therapy is designed to produce an inward shift in the balance of currents active during the early phases of the right ventricular action potential (AP) and can be used to abort electrical storms or as an adjunct or alternative to device therapy when use of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator is not possible. Isoproterenol, cilostazol, and milrinone boost calcium channel current and drugs like quinidine, bepridil, and the Chinese herb extract Wenxin Keli inhibit the transient outward current, acting to diminish the AP notch and thus to suppress the substrate and trigger for ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. Radiofrequency ablation of the right ventricular outflow tract epicardium of patients with BrS has recently been shown to reduce arrhythmia vulnerability and the electrocardiographic manifestation of the disease, presumably by destroying the cells with more prominent AP notch. This review provides an overview of the clinical, genetic, molecular, and cellular aspects of BrS as well as the approach to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bence Patocskai
- Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Utica, NY 13501
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, Das SR, de Ferranti S, Després JP, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Isasi CR, Jiménez MC, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Magid DJ, McGuire DK, Mohler ER, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Rosamond W, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2015; 133:e38-360. [PMID: 26673558 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3740] [Impact Index Per Article: 415.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Fuyuta M, Nakao S, Kitaura A, Iwamoto T, Hamasaki S, Iwasaki S, Kurita T. Preoperative Prevalence of J-Wave Syndrome Electrocardiographic Patterns and Their Association With Perioperative Cardiac Events. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2015; 29:1533-6. [PMID: 26432696 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the preoperative prevalence of each type of J-wave syndrome electrocardiographic pattern and its association with perioperative cardiac events. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Single hospital university study. PARTICIPANTS The study evaluated 930 patients who underwent gynecologic, abdominal, neurosurgical, orthopedic, and urologic surgeries. INTERVENTIONS Preoperative standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring was performed, and each type of J-wave syndrome ECG pattern-types 1, 2, and 3 and Brugada syndrome-type-was evaluated. Incidence of perioperative cardiac events was investigated up to 1 year postoperatively using an electronic medical record system. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Data from 789 patients were included in the final study. Of these, 16 patients (2.0%) had J-wave syndrome: 7 patients (0.9%) had type-1 patterns; 5 patients (0.6%) had type-2 patterns; 2 patients (0.3%) had type-3 patterns; and 2 patients (0.3%) had Brugada syndrome-type ECG patterns. A J-point elevation≥0.2 mV, which is considered to be more dangerous, was found in only 2 patients with Brugada syndrome-type ECG patterns, both of whom suffered perioperative lethal arrhythmias. CONCLUSION Patients with J-wave syndrome ECG patterns, even dangerous patterns, are not necessarily associated with a higher risk of perioperative cardiac events. However, Brugada syndrome type ECG patterns should be carefully monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Fuyuta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Atsuhiro Kitaura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsushige Iwamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hamasaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shouhei Iwasaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurita
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Spears DA, Gollob MH. Genetics of inherited primary arrhythmia disorders. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2015; 8:215-33. [PMID: 26425105 PMCID: PMC4583121 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s55762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A sudden unexplained death is felt to be due to a primary arrhythmic disorder when no structural heart disease is found on autopsy, and there is no preceding documentation of heart disease. In these cases, death is presumed to be secondary to a lethal and potentially heritable abnormality of cardiac ion channel function. These channelopathies include congenital long QT syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, Brugada syndrome, and short QT syndrome. In certain cases, genetic testing may have an important role in supporting a diagnosis of a primary arrhythmia disorder, and can also provide prognostic information, but by far the greatest strength of genetic testing lies in the screening of family members, who may be at risk. The purpose of this review is to describe the basic genetic and molecular pathophysiology of the primary inherited arrhythmia disorders, and to outline a rational approach to genetic testing, management, and family screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna A Spears
- Division of Cardiology - Electrophysiology, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael H Gollob
- Division of Cardiology - Electrophysiology, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Dores H, Reis Santos K, Adragão P, Moscoso Costa F, Galvão Santos P, Carmo P, Cavaco D, Bello Morgado F, Mendes M. Long-term prognosis of patients with Brugada syndrome and an implanted cardioverter-defibrillator. Rev Port Cardiol 2015; 34:395-402. [PMID: 26028488 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Risk stratification of Brugada syndrome (BrS) remains controversial and recommendations for an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) are not well established. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term prognosis of BrS patients with an ICD. METHODS AND RESULTS Of 55 consecutive patients with BrS assessed between April 2002 and October 2012, 36 (mean age 41.7 ± 13.8 years; 81.8% male) underwent ICD implantation. Nineteen (52.8%) were asymptomatic, 11 (30.6%) had previous history of syncope (arrhythmic cause suspected in eight) and six (16.7%) had aborted sudden cardiac death (SCD). Spontaneous type 1 electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern was present in 25 (69.4%) patients and electrophysiological study (EPS), performed in 26 (72.2%), was positive in 22 (84.6%). During a mean follow-up of 74 ± 40 months (>5 years in 72% of cases), seven (19.4%) patients had appropriate shocks (annual event rate 2.8%). These patients most frequently had aborted SCD (54.1% vs. 6.9%; p=0.008) and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (57.1% vs. 10.3%; p=0.016) during follow-up. Spontaneous type 1 ECG pattern, syncope and positive EPS were not significantly associated with appropriate shocks. Multivariate analysis revealed that aborted SCD was an independent predictor of appropriate shocks (HR 8.07, 95% CI 1.58-41.2; p=0.012). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that aborted SCD had moderate discriminatory power to predict appropriate shocks (AUC 0.751), with sensitivity of 57% and specificity of 93%. In terms of ICD-related complications, eight (22.2%) patients had inappropriate shocks during the follow-up period, mainly due to sinus tachycardia (five patients); one patient had lead infection and another had a lead fracture. CONCLUSION In this population of BrS patients with ICD, the long-term rate of appropriate shocks was 2.8%/year. Aborted SCD was associated with a higher risk of appropriate shocks, whereas syncope and spontaneous type I ECG pattern did not predict this event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélder Dores
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Portugal.
| | | | - Pedro Adragão
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Francisco Moscoso Costa
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Pedro Galvão Santos
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Pedro Carmo
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Diogo Cavaco
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Francisco Bello Morgado
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Miguel Mendes
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Portugal
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Dores H, Reis Santos K, Adragão P, Moscoso Costa F, Galvão Santos P, Carmo P, Cavaco D, Bello Morgado F, Mendes M. Long-term prognosis of patients with Brugada syndrome and an implanted cardioverter-defibrillator. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Masrur S, Memon S, Thompson PD. Brugada syndrome, exercise, and exercise testing. Clin Cardiol 2015; 38:323-6. [PMID: 25955277 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There are few data on the risk of exercise and the role of exercise stress testing in Brugada syndrome. We sought to address this deficiency using a systematic literature review. We identified 98 English-language articles possibly addressing exercise in Brugada syndrome by searching PubMed and Google Scholar from January 1990 through November 2013 using the keywords "Brugada syndrome," "exercise," "exercise testing," and "syncope" alone and in combinations. Abstracts were reviewed, and those articles pertaining to Brugada syndrome and exercise were reviewed in full. We identified 18 articles reporting on Brugada syndrome and exercise. This pool included 2 large studies of 93 and 50 Brugada subjects undergoing exercise testing, plus 16 case reports. There were no reports of exercise-related sudden death, but there were 4 cases of syncope after exercise. We identified 166 Brugada patients who underwent exercise testing. During exercise testing, there were 2 reports of ventricular tachycardia and 1 report of multiple ventricular extrasystoles. ST-segment elevation increased (ST augmentation) during the early recovery phase of exercise in 57% of patients. Exercise unmasked a Brugada electrocardiographic pattern in 5 patients. Exercise is associated with syncope and ST augmentation after exercise and may be helpful in unmasking Brugada syndrome. There are insufficient data on the risks of exercise in Brugada syndrome to make recommendations for exercise, but the observations that exercise can worsen the ST abnormalities in Brugada and produce ventricular arrhythmias suggest that patients with Brugada syndrome should be restricted from vigorous exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihab Masrur
- Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Sarfaraz Memon
- Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Paul D Thompson
- Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
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Sarquella-Brugada G, Campuzano O, Arbelo E, Brugada J, Brugada R. Brugada syndrome: clinical and genetic findings. Genet Med 2015; 18:3-12. [PMID: 25905440 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome is a rare, inherited cardiac disease leading to ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death in structurally normal hearts. Clinical diagnosis requires a Brugada type I electrocardiographic pattern in combination with other clinical features. The most effective approach to unmasking this diagnostic pattern is the use of ajmaline and flecainide tests, and the most effective intervention to reducing the risk of death is the implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator. To date, 18 genes have been associated with the disease, with the voltage-gated sodium channel α type V gene (SCN5A) being the most common one to date. However, only 30-35% of diagnosed cases are attributable to pathogenic variants in known genes, emphasizing the need for further genetic studies. Despite recent advances in clinical diagnoses and genetic testing, risk stratification and clinical management of patients with Brugada syndrome remain challenging.Genet Med 18 1, 3-12.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar Campuzano
- Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Girona-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain.,Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Spain
| | - Elena Arbelo
- Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Brugada
- Pediatric Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Girona-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain.,Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Spain.,Cardiology Service, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
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Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, de Ferranti S, Després JP, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Willey JZ, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2014; 131:e29-322. [PMID: 25520374 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4464] [Impact Index Per Article: 446.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Martins J, Braga C, Arantes C, Ramos V, Salgado A, Rebelo A, Correia A. Syncope in a febrile state: A case report of Brugada syndrome. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Martins J, Braga C, Arantes C, Ramos V, Salgado A, Rebelo A, Correia A. Syncope in a febrile state: A case report of Brugada syndrome. Rev Port Cardiol 2014; 33:801.e1-6. [PMID: 25448794 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1992, Brugada and Brugada first described a new entity, which became known as Brugada syndrome, that is associated with a high risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in patients without structural heart disease. This syndrome is characterized by a distinct electrocardiographic phenotype, type 1 Brugada pattern, consisting of a coved ST-segment elevation (≥0.2 mV) followed by a negative T wave in more than one right precordial lead. This pattern is dynamic, and can be spontaneous or concealed, but is unmasked under certain circumstances, like febrile states. The authors report a case in which the diagnosis of Brugada syndrome was made in the course of etiologic investigation of recurrent syncope in a febrile state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Braga
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carina Arantes
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Vítor Ramos
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Adília Rebelo
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
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Uziębło-Życzkowska B, Gielerak G, Michałkiewicz D. Usefulness of patient's history and non-invasive electrocardiographic parameters in prediction of ajmaline test results in patients with suspected Brugada syndrome. Arch Med Sci 2014; 10:899-912. [PMID: 25395941 PMCID: PMC4223127 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2013.36928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the work was to assess the usefulness of patient's history and non-invasive electrocardiographic parameters in the prediction of ajmaline test results in patients with suspected Brugada syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved a group of 59 patients (37 men) at average age of 31.6 ±12.2 years with suspected concealed form of Brugada syndrome. Pharmacological provocation with intravenous ajmaline administration was performed. The patients were divided into two groups depending on ajmaline test results. Individual and total predictive value for ajmaline test was based on the analysis of medical anamnesis and non-invasive electrocardiographic examination. RESULTS The analysis carried out within the work indicated a special predictive value of 2 parameters which constituted the study inclusion criteria - family history of Brugada syndrome (28.6% vs. 3.8%; p = 0.0477) and occurrence of saddleback electrocardiographic changes in ECG curve (42.9% vs. 0.0%; p = 0.0002). Non-invasive electrocardiographic parameters which showed significant predictive value for ajmaline test were as follows: dispersion of QTc interval (prior to the provocation test 54.43 ±24.77 ms vs. 32.70 ±12.98 ms; p = 0.0005 and during daytime activity 46.81 ±27.16 ms vs. 32.07 ±13.19 ms; p = 0.0198), corrected QT intervals, Tpeak-Tend intervals in particular leads, QTpeak intervals, dispersion of Tpeak-Tend interval assessed from precordial leads (V1-V6) (42.86 ±13.80 ms vs. 26.54 ±11.70 ms; p = 0.001) and J-point elevation in V2 and V3 leads. CONCLUSIONS Both interview and non-invasive electrocardiographic parameters which reflect cardiomyocyte repolarization disorders are of high predictive value in anticipating ajmaline pharmacological provocation results in patients with suspected Brugada syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grzegorz Gielerak
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Michałkiewicz
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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