1
|
Körperich H, Eckstein J, Atito M, Barth P, Laser KT, Burchert W, Weber OM, Stehning C, Piran M. Assessment of pulmonary artery stiffness by multiparametric cardiac magnetic resonance-surrogate for right heart catheterization. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1200833. [PMID: 37692049 PMCID: PMC10485836 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1200833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging allows for multiparametric assessment of healthy pulmonary artery (PA) hemodynamics. Gender- and aging-associated PA stiffness and pressure alterations have remained clinically unestablished, however may demonstrate epidemiological differences in disease development. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of CMR as a surrogate for catheter examinations by providing a comprehensive CMR assessment of sex- and age-related reference values for PA stiffness, flow, and pressure. Methods and Results PA hemodynamics were studied between gender and age groups (>/<50 years) using phase-contrast CMR. Corresponding correlation analyses were performed. 179 healthy volunteers with a median age of 32.6 years (range 11.3-68.2) were examined. Males demonstrated increased PA compliance (median [interquartile range] or mean ± standard deviation) (20.8 mm2/mmHg [16.6; 25.8] vs. 19.2 ± 7.1 mm2/mmHg; P < 0.033), higher pulse wave velocity (2.00 m/s [1.35; 2.87] vs. 1.73 m/s [1.19; 2.34]; P = 0.018) and a reduced full width half maximum (FWHM) (219 ± 22 ms vs. 235 ± 23 ms; P < 0.001) than females. Mean, systolic, diastolic PA pressure and pulmonary proportional pulse pressure were significantly elevated for males compared to females (P < 0.001). Older subjects (>50 years) exhibited reduced PA elasticity (41.7% [31.0; 52.9] vs. 66.4% [47.7; 83.0]; P < 0.001), reduced PA compliance (15.4 mm2/mmHg [12.3; 20.7] vs. 21.3 ± 6.8 mm2/mmHg; P < 0.001), higher pulse wave velocity (2.59 m/s [1.57; 3.59] vs. 1.76 m/s [1.24; 2.34]; P < 0.001) and a reduced FWHM (218 ± 29 ms vs. 231 ± 21 ms; P < 0.001) than younger subjects. Conclusions Velocity-time profiles are dependent on age and gender. PA stiffness indices deteriorate with age. CMR has potential to serve as a surrogate for right heart catheterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Körperich
- Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine Westphalia, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Jan Eckstein
- Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine Westphalia, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Medhat Atito
- Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine Westphalia, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Peter Barth
- Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine Westphalia, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Kai Thorsten Laser
- Clinic for Paediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects, Heart and Diabetes Center North-Rhine Westphalia, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Burchert
- Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine Westphalia, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | | | | | - Misagh Piran
- Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine Westphalia, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang X, Yang Q, Zheng R, Zhao Z, Li M, Wang T, Xu M, Lu J, Wang S, Lin H, Wang W, Ning G, Bi Y, Xu Y, Chen Y. Sex differences in the risk of arterial stiffness among adults with different glycemic status and modifications by age. J Diabetes 2023; 15:121-132. [PMID: 36650122 PMCID: PMC9934959 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies indicate lower, comparable, and higher cardiovascular risks in women vs men in normal glucose regulation (NGR), prediabetes, and diabetes, respectively. However, this sex difference is uncertain and aging might play a part. We aimed to estimate sex differences in arterial stiffness in NGR, prediabetes, or diabetes and the potential modifications by age. METHODS We used baseline data of 9618 participants aged ≥40 years in a large community-based cohort study in Shanghai. Glycemic status was determined by history of diabetes, fasting and 2-h post-load glucose levels, and hemoglobin A1c levels. Arterial stiffness was examined by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV). Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations between sex and ba-PWV levels in glycemic and age categories. RESULTS Before adjustment for age, women had lower, comparable, and higher ba-PWV vs men in the NGR, prediabetes, and diabetes groups, respectively. In participants aged 40-59 years, women were associated with lower ba-PWV levels in generally all glycemic strata after adjustment for age and other confounders. In participants aged ≥60 years, women were associated with significantly higher ba-PWV levels (β coefficient = 71.5; 95% confidence interval = 23.4, 119.7) and the sex difference was attenuated in the groups of prediabetes and diabetes with a borderline significant interaction between sex and glycemic status (p for interaction = .068). CONCLUSIONS The sex difference in cardiovascular risks in adults with NGR, prediabetes, or diabetes was dependent on age. Our findings provide new evidence for prioritizing preventive treatment against atherosclerosis in men vs women with different glycemic status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ruizhi Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuangyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meccanici F, de Bruijn JWC, Dommisse JS, Takkenberg JJM, van den Bosch AE, Roos-Hesselink JW. Prevalence and development of aortic dilation and dissection in women with Turner syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 21:133-144. [PMID: 36688313 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2023.2172403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Women with Turner syndrome (TS) have an increased risk of aortic disease, reducing life-expectancy. This study aimed to systematically review the prevalence of thoracic aortic dilatation, aortic dimensions and growth, and the incidence of aortic dissection. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted up to July 2022. Observational studies with an adult TS population were included, and studies including children aged <15 years old or specific TS populations were excluded. RESULTS In total 21 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of ascending aortic dilatation was 23% (95% CI 19-26) at a mean pooled age of 29 years (95% CI 26-32), while the incidence of aortic dissection was 164 per 100.000 patient-years (95% CI 95-284). Three reporting studies showed aortic growth over time to be limited. Risk factors for aortic dilation or dissection were older age, bicuspid aortic valve, aortic coarctation, and hypertension. CONCLUSION In adult TS women, ascending aortic dilatation is common and the hazard of aortic dissection increased compared to the general population, whereas aortic growth is limited. Conventional risk markers do not explain all aortic dissection cases; therefore, new imaging parameters and blood biomarkers are needed to improve prediction, allowing for patient-tailored follow-up and surgical decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Meccanici
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J W C de Bruijn
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J S Dommisse
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J M Takkenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A E van den Bosch
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J W Roos-Hesselink
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdominal Aortic Wall Cross-coupled Stiffness Could Potentially Contribute to Aortic Length Remodeling. Artery Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s44200-022-00022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Wall stiffness of the abdominal aorta is an important factor in the cardiovascular risk assessment. We investigated abdominal aortic wall stiffness divided in direct and cross-coupled stiffness components with respect to sex and age.
Methods
Thirty healthy adult males (n = 15) and females were recruited and divided into three age groups: young, middle aged and elderly. Pulsatile diameter changes were determined noninvasively by an echo-tracking system, and intra-aortic pressure was measured simultaneously. A mechanical model was used to compute stress and stiffness in circumferential and longitudinal directions.
Results
Circumferential stretch had a higher impact on longitudinal wall stress than longitudinal stretch had on circumferential wall stress. Furthermore, there were an age-related and sex-independent increase in circumferential and longitudinal direct and cross-coupled stiffnesses and a decrease in circumferential and longitudinal stretch of the abdominal aortic wall. For the young group, females had a stiffer wall compared to males, while the male aortic wall grew stiffer with age at a higher rate, reaching a similar level to that of the females in the elderly group.
Conclusion
Temporal changes in aortic stiffness suggest an age-related change in wall constituents that is expressed in terms of circumferential remodeling impacting longitudinal stress. These mechanisms may be active in the development of aortic tortuosity. We observed an age-dependent increase in circumferential and longitudinal stiffnesses as well as decrease in stretch. A possible mechanism related to the observed changes could act via chemical alterations of wall constituents and changes in the physical distribution of fibers. Furthermore, modeling of force distribution in the wall of the human abdominal aorta may contribute to a better understanding of elastin–collagen interactions during remodeling of the aortic wall.
Collapse
|
5
|
Dela Justina V, Miguez JSG, Priviero F, Sullivan JC, Giachini FR, Webb RC. Sex Differences in Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:725884. [PMID: 35822017 PMCID: PMC9261391 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.725884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of illness and death in the Western world. Cardiovascular aging is a progressive modification occurring in cardiac and vascular morphology and physiology where increased endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are observed, generally accompanied by increased systolic blood pressure and augmented pulse pressure. The effects of biological sex on cardiovascular pathophysiology have long been known. The incidence of hypertension is higher in men, and it increases in postmenopausal women. Premenopausal women are protected from CVD compared with age-matched men and this protective effect is lost with menopause, suggesting that sex-hormones influence blood pressure regulation. In parallel, the heart progressively remodels over the course of life and the pattern of cardiac remodeling also differs between the sexes. Lower autonomic tone, reduced baroreceptor response, and greater vascular function are observed in premenopausal women than men of similar age. However, postmenopausal women have stiffer arteries than their male counterparts. The biological mechanisms responsible for sex-related differences observed in cardiovascular aging are being unraveled over the last several decades. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms underlying the sex-differences of CVD in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dela Justina
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Priviero
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Fernanda R Giachini
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kalenga CZ, Hay JL, Boreskie KF, Duhamel TA, MacRae JM, Metcalfe A, Nerenberg KA, Robert M, Ahmed SB. The Association Between Route of Post-menopausal Estrogen Administration and Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Community-Dwelling Women. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:913609. [PMID: 35757351 PMCID: PMC9226418 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.913609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPostmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Although the route of estrogen administration may play a role in mediating risk, previous studies have not controlled for concomitant progestin use.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between the route of estrogen therapy (oral or non-oral) HT use, without concomitant progestin, and blood pressure and arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women.MethodsSystolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP]), arterial stiffness (aortic pulse wave velocity [aPWV] and augmentation index at 75 beats per minute [AIx]) were measured using a validated automated brachial cuff-based oscillometric approach (Mobil-O-Graph) in a community-dwelling sample of 328 women.ResultsFifty-five participants (16.8%) were ever users (current and past use) of estrogen-only HT (oral [n = 16], transdermal [n = 20], vaginal [n = 19]), and 223 were never HT users (control). Ever use of oral estrogen was associated with increased SBP and DBP (Oral: SBP: 137 ± 4 mmHg, DBP: 79 ± 2 mmHg) compared to use of non-oral estrogen (transdermal: SBP: 118 ± 2 mmHg, DBP: 73 ± 1 mmHg; p < 0.01 & p = 0.012, respectively; vaginal: SBP: 123 ± 2 mmHg DBP: 73 ± 2 mmHg; p = 0.02 & p = 0.01, respectively.) and controls (SBP: 124 ± 1 mmHg, DBP: 74 ± 1 mmHg, p = 0.03, p = 0.02, respectively) after adjustment for covariates. aPWV was higher in oral estrogen ever users (9.9 ± 1 m/s) compared to non-oral estrogen (transdermal: 8.6 ± 0.3 m/s, p < 0.01; vaginal: 8.8 ± 0.7 m/s, p = 0.03) and controls (8.9 ± 0.5 m/s, p = 0.03) but these associations were no longer significant after adjustment for covariates. AIx was higher in oral estrogen (29 ± 2 %) compared to non-oral estrogen (transdermal: 16 ± 2 %; vaginal: 22 ± 1.7 %) but this association was no longer significant after adjustment for covariates (p = 0.92 vs. non-oral; p = 0.74 vs. control).ConclusionEver use of oral estrogen was associated with increased SBP and DBP compared to non-oral estrogen use and no use. Given the cardiovascular risk associated with both menopause and increased blood pressure, further studies are required exploring the potential benefits of non-oral estrogen in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Z. Kalenga
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jacqueline L. Hay
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kevin F. Boreskie
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Todd A. Duhamel
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jennifer M. MacRae
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Kidney Disease Network, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Amy Metcalfe
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kara A. Nerenberg
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Magali Robert
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sofia B. Ahmed
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Kidney Disease Network, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Sofia B. Ahmed
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pierce GL, Coutinho TA, DuBose LE, Donato AJ. Is It Good to Have a Stiff Aorta with Aging? Causes and Consequences. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:154-173. [PMID: 34779281 PMCID: PMC8977146 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00035.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic stiffness increases with advancing age, more than doubling during the human life span, and is a robust predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) clinical events independent of traditional risk factors. The aorta increases in diameter and length to accommodate growing body size and cardiac output in youth, but in middle and older age the aorta continues to remodel to a larger diameter, thinning the pool of permanent elastin fibers, increasing intramural wall stress and resulting in the transfer of load bearing onto stiffer collagen fibers. Whereas aortic stiffening in early middle age may be a compensatory mechanism to normalize intramural wall stress and therefore theoretically "good" early in the life span, the negative clinical consequences of accelerated aortic stiffening beyond middle age far outweigh any earlier physiological benefit. Indeed, aortic stiffness and the loss of the "windkessel effect" with advancing age result in elevated pulsatile pressure and flow in downstream microvasculature that is associated with subclinical damage to high-flow, low-resistance organs such as brain, kidney, retina, and heart. The mechanisms of aortic stiffness include alterations in extracellular matrix proteins (collagen deposition, elastin fragmentation), increased arterial tone (oxidative stress and inflammation-related reduced vasodilators and augmented vasoconstrictors; enhanced sympathetic activity), arterial calcification, vascular smooth muscle cell stiffness, and extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans. Given the rapidly aging population of the United States, aortic stiffening will likely contribute to substantial CVD burden over the next 2-3 decades unless new therapeutic targets and interventions are identified to prevent the potential avalanche of clinical sequelae related to age-related aortic stiffness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Pierce
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Thais A Coutinho
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Divisions of Cardiology and Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lyndsey E DuBose
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anthony J Donato
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Meccanici F, Gökalp AL, Thijssen CGE, Mokhles MM, Bekkers JA, van Kimmenade R, Verhagen HJ, Roos-Hesselink JW, Takkenberg JJM. Male-female differences in acute thoracic aortic dissection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2021; 34:616-627. [PMID: 34664071 PMCID: PMC8972321 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivab270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Meccanici
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arjen L Gökalp
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carlijn G E Thijssen
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mostafa M Mokhles
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jos A Bekkers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roland van Kimmenade
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hence J Verhagen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Johanna J M Takkenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sabra D, Intzandt B, Desjardins-Crepeau L, Langeard A, Steele CJ, Frouin F, Hoge RD, Bherer L, Gauthier CJ. Sex moderations in the relationship between aortic stiffness, cognition, and cerebrovascular reactivity in healthy older adults. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257815. [PMID: 34582484 PMCID: PMC8478243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that sex differences exist in the manifestation of vascular diseases. Arterial stiffness (AS) has been associated with changes in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and cognitive decline in aging. Specifically, older adults with increased AS show a decline on executive function (EF) tasks. Interestingly, the relationship between AS and CVR is more complex, where some studies show decreased CVR with increased AS, and others demonstrate preserved CVR despite higher AS. Here, we investigated the possible role of sex on these hemodynamic relationships. Acquisitions were completed in 48 older adults. Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) data were collected during a hypercapnia challenge. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) data was acquired using cine phase contrast velocity series. Cognitive function was assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, and a composite score for EF was calculated using four cognitive tests from the neuropsychological battery. A moderation model test revealed that sex moderated the relationship between PWV and CVR and PWV and EF, but not between CVR and EF. Together, our results indicate that the relationships between central stiffness, cerebral hemodynamics and cognition are in part mediated by sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Sabra
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brittany Intzandt
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- INDI Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence Desjardins-Crepeau
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Antoine Langeard
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher J. Steele
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Richard D. Hoge
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Bherer
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudine J. Gauthier
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Physics Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Niaz T, Johnson JN, Cetta F, Poterucha JT, Hagler DJ. Sex Differences in Children and Young Adults With Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease in First Two Decades of Life. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:1874-1887. [PMID: 34218860 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate sex differences in valve morphology, disease phenotype, progression, and outcomes among children and young adults with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study examining all children and young adults (aged ≤22 years) with isolated BAV diagnosed, by excluding patients with concomitant congenital heart defects or genetic syndromes, from January 1, 1990, through December 1, 2016, at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. RESULTS Of 1010 patients with BAV, 558 had isolated BAV. Distributions of morphology were right-left in 65.8% (n=367), right-noncoronary in 34% (n=190), and left-noncoronary cusp fusion in 0.2% (n=1) of patients; with no sex differences. Male to female ratio was 3:1. At the first echocardiographic evaluation in the study, there were no sex differences in terms of frequency of aortic valve stenosis or regurgitation. However, males had significantly higher grades of aortic valve regurgitation at 17 years of age onward (P<.0001). Males had significantly larger mid-ascending aorta (P=.01) and sinus of Valsalva dimensions (z score; P=.0001) as compared with females, with a novel finding of peak aortic dimensions around 8 years of age. Males also had more than 2-fold higher risk for sinus of Valsalva dilation (z score >2) as compared with females (odds ratio, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; P=.01). There were no significant sex differences in the primary cardiac outcomes of interventions on aortic valve and/or aorta, aortic dissection, or death. CONCLUSION In children and young adults with BAV, males have a higher grade of aortic regurgitation in late adolescence, significantly larger aortic dimensions, different patterns of aortic growth, and more frequent sinus of Valsalva dilation as compared with females. Overall, the rate of primary cardiac events is lower in young patients, with no significant sex differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talha Niaz
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - Jonathan N Johnson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Frank Cetta
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Joseph T Poterucha
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Donald J Hagler
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cai A, Zhou D, Liu L, Zhou Y, Tang S, Feng Y. Age-related alterations in cardiac and arterial structure and function in hypertensive women and men. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:1322-1334. [PMID: 33960629 PMCID: PMC8678835 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The study was to compare age‐related alterations in cardiac and arterial structure and function by sex and to explore the impacts of achieved systolic blood pressure (SBP; <130 mm Hg vs. <140 mm Hg) level on age‐related alterations in cardiac and arterial structure and function in hypertensive women and men. Community hypertensive individuals without cardiovascular disease who had echocardiographic examination were included. Age‐related alterations in cardiac and arterial structure and function were compared by sex, and interplay between age and sex was analyzed according to achieved SBP level. The mean age of the cohort was 66.5 years, and women accounted for 62% (n = 602) of the cohort (n = 971). Compared to men, women had worse left ventricular (LV) diastolic function and greater LV and arterial stiffness. After adjusting for covariates, the magnitude of the associations between age with septal E/e′ ratio, septal S′ velocity, effective arterial elastance (Ea) and LV end‐diastolic elastance (Eed) were greater in women. Sex differences in the magnitude of association between age with these four indices varied according to achieved SBP level. When achieved SBP <130 mm Hg, the magnitude of the associations between age with septal E/e′ ratio, septal S′ velocity, Ea and Eed did not differ by sex. Since age and sex are non‐modifiable, achieving SBP target, especially at a lower level, might be beneficial to attenuate sex differences in age‐related alterations in cardiac and arterial structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anping Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingling Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Tang
- Community Health Center of the Liaobu County, Dongguan, China
| | - Yingqing Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vishram-Nielsen JKK, Kristensen AMD, Pareek M, Laurent S, Nilsson PM, Linneberg A, Greve SV, Palmieri L, Giampaoli S, Donfrancesco C, Kee F, Mancia G, Cesana G, Veronesi G, Grassi G, Kuulasmaa K, Salomaa V, Palosaari T, Sans S, Ferrieres J, Dallongeville J, Söderberg S, Moitry M, Drygas W, Tamosiunas A, Peters A, Brenner H, Grimsgaard S, Savallampi M, Olsen MH. Predictive Importance of Blood Pressure Characteristics With Increasing Age in Healthy Men and Women: The MORGAM Project. Hypertension 2021; 77:1076-1085. [PMID: 33641358 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie K K Vishram-Nielsen
- From the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg (J.K.K.V.-N., A.L.).,Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet (J.K.K.V.-N.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Manan Pareek
- Department of Cardiology, North Zealand Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark (A.M.D.K., M.P.).,Department of Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.P.)
| | - Stephane Laurent
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and INSERM U 970, team 7, Paris CV Research Center (PARCC), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, France (S.L.)
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department for Clinical Sciences Medicine, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (P.M.N.)
| | - Allan Linneberg
- From the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg (J.K.K.V.-N., A.L.).,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara V Greve
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Preventive Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (S.V.G.)
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy (L.P., S. Giampaoli, C.D.)
| | - Simona Giampaoli
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy (L.P., S. Giampaoli, C.D.)
| | - Chiara Donfrancesco
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy (L.P., S. Giampaoli, C.D.)
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, The Queen´s University of Belfast, Northern Ireland (F.K.)
| | - Giuseppe Mancia
- University of Milano-Bicocca and Policlinico di Monza, Italy (G.M.)
| | - Giancarlo Cesana
- Research Centre on Public Health (G.C.), University of Milano Bicocca, Villa Serena, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Veronesi
- Research Centre in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Italy (G.V.)
| | - Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (G.G.), University of Milano Bicocca, Villa Serena, Monza, Italy
| | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland (K.K., V.S., T.P., M.S.)
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland (K.K., V.S., T.P., M.S.)
| | - Tarja Palosaari
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland (K.K., V.S., T.P., M.S.)
| | - Susana Sans
- Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona, Spain (S. Sans)
| | - Jean Ferrieres
- Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, France (J.F.)
| | | | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology and Heart Centre, Umeå University, Sweden (S. Söderberg)
| | - Marie Moitry
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg and University Hospital of Strasbourg, France (M.M.)
| | - Wojciech Drygas
- Department of Epidemiology, CVD Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (W.D.)
| | - Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiology, Kaunas (A.T.)
| | - Annette Peters
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.)
| | - Hermann Brenner
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (H.B.).,Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Germany (H.B.)
| | - Sameline Grimsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway (S. Grimsgaard)
| | - Matti Savallampi
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland (K.K., V.S., T.P., M.S.)
| | - Michael H Olsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Holbaek Hospital, Denmark (M.H.O.).,Centre of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark (M.H.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kang HH, Won KB, Heo R, Han D, Chang HJ. Independent association of serum uric acid levels with arterial stiffness in the absence of established cardiovascular disorders. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e13720. [PMID: 32949045 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of serum uric acid (SUA) on atherosclerosis has been suspected to be epiphenomenal owing to its close relationship with metabolic abnormalities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between SUA levels and arterial stiffness in the absence of established cardiovascular (CV) disorders. METHODS The relationship between SUA levels and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was examined in 353 asymptomatic adults (57 ± 8 years, 11.9% men) without established CV disorders defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg; total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥160 mg/dL; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL; fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL; body mass index ≥25.0 kg/m2 ; current smoking; and history of medication for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Subjects were stratified into four groups based on the quartiles of their SUA levels. RESULTS Mean baPWV was significantly different in all groups: group I, 1320 ± 195 cm/s; group II, 1336 ± 195 cm/s; group III, 1404 ± 199 cm/s; and group IV, 1483 ± 248 cm/s (P < .001). SUA levels were significantly correlated with baPWV (r = .364) (P < .001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that SUA (β: 32.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.99-54.87), together with age (β: 11.44; 95% CI: 9.36-13.53) and systolic BP (β: 8.98; 95% CI: 6.80-11.16), was significantly associated with baPWV (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS High SUA levels have an independent association with increased arterial stiffness even in subjects without established CV disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Hui Kang
- Division of Pulmonology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bum Won
- Division of Cardiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ran Heo
- Division of Cardiology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Donghee Han
- Department of Imaging and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pauls SD, Du Y, Clair L, Winter T, Aukema HM, Taylor CG, Zahradka P. Impact of Age, Menopause, and Obesity on Oxylipins Linked to Vascular Health. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:883-897. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective:
Cardiovascular disease, a major cause of mortality and morbidity, exhibits sexual dimorphism since the onset of cardiovascular disease occurs later in women than in men. The loss of cardioprotection in older women may be due to an increase in arterial stiffness after menopause. Free fatty acid metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids, called oxylipins, are known to impact vessel function and may be responsible for the vascular benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The objectives of this study were to compare the plasma oxylipin profiles of young females (20–55 years), older females (55
+
), and older males (55
+
) and to identify associations between oxylipins and cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as obesity and arterial stiffness.
Approach and Results:
We quantified plasma oxylipins by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in archived samples taken from completed clinical trials. We identified 3 major 12-lipoxygenase products, 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid, 12-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid, and 14-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid, that are present at high levels in young females compared with older females and males. These oxylipins also decreased with obesity and displayed robust negative associations with arterial stiffness as assessed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. According to multiple linear regression modeling, these associations were maintained even after correcting for body mass index category combined with either age, menopausal status, or estradiol levels. Using linear discriminant analysis, the combination of these 3 oxylipins effectively distinguished participants according to both brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity risk group and age.
Conclusions:
Higher 12-lipoxygenase oxylipin plasma concentrations associated with lower arterial stiffness in premenopausal females may be an important contributing factor to sex differences in cardiovascular disease.
Registration:
URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT01661543, NCT01562171, NCT01890330, NCT02571114 and NCT02317588.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha D. Pauls
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences (S.D.P., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| | - Youjia Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.D., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| | - Luc Clair
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
- Department of Economics, University of Winnipeg, Canada (L.C.)
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences (S.D.P., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| | - Harold M. Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences (S.D.P., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| | - Carla G. Taylor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences (S.D.P., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.D., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences (S.D.P., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.D., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Laakkonen EK, Karppinen JE, Lehti S, Lee E, Pesonen E, Juppi HK, Kujala UM, Haapala EA, Aukee P, Laukkanen JA, Ihalainen JK. Associations of Sex Hormones and Hormonal Status With Arterial Stiffness in a Female Sample From Reproductive Years to Menopause. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:765916. [PMID: 34917027 PMCID: PMC8669797 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.765916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loss of sex hormones has been suggested to underlie menopause-associated increment in cardiovascular risk. We investigated associations of sex hormones with arterial stiffness in 19-58-years-old women. We also studied associations of specific hormonal stages, including natural menstrual cycle, cycle with combined oral contraceptives (COC) and menopausal status with or without hormone therapy (HT), with arterial stiffness. METHODS This study includes repeated measurements of 65 healthy women representing reproductive (n=16 natural, n=10 COC-users) and menopause (n=5 perimenopausal, n=26 postmenopausal, n=8 HT-users) stages. Arterial stiffness outcomes were aortic pulse wave velocity (PWVao) and augmentation index (AIx%) assessed using Arteriograph-device. Generalized estimating equation models were constructed to investigate associations of each hormone (wide age-range models) or hormonal stage (age-group focused models) with arterial stiffness. PWVao models with cross-sectional approach, were adjusted for age, relative fitness, fat mass and mean arterial pressure, while models with longitudinal approach were adjusted for mean arterial pressure. AIx% models used the same approach for adjustments and were also adjusted for heart rate. RESULTS Negative and positive associations with arterial stiffness variables were observed for estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone, respectively, until adjustment for confounding effect of age. In naturally menstruating women, AIx% was higher at ovulation (B=3.63, p<0.001) compared to the early follicular phase. In COC-users, PWVao was lower during active (B=-0.33 - -0.57, p<0.05) than inactive pills. In menopausal women, HT-users had higher PWVao (B=1.43, p=0.03) than postmenopausal non-HT-users. CONCLUSIONS When using wide age-range assessments covering reproductive to menopausal lifespan it is difficult to differentiate age- and hormone-mediated associations, because age-mediated influence on arterial stiffness seemed to overrule potential hormone-mediated influences. However, hormonal status associated differentially with arterial stiffness in age-group focused analyses. Thus, the role of sex hormones cannot be excluded. Further research is warranted to resolve potential hormone-mediated mechanisms affecting arterial elasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eija K. Laakkonen
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- *Correspondence: Eija K. Laakkonen,
| | - Jari E. Karppinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Satu Lehti
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Earric Lee
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Emilia Pesonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hanna-Kaarina Juppi
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M. Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eero A. Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pauliina Aukee
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pelvic Floor Research and Therapy Unit, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari A. Laukkanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna K. Ihalainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Early vascular ageing biomarkers in osteoporotic outpatients: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19421. [PMID: 33173083 PMCID: PMC7656252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and atherosclerosis are significant public health problems that often coexist, especially in the elderly. Although some studies have reported an age-dependent relationship, others have suggested a causal relationship between osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the cardiovascular risk in a population of patients with osteoporosis by measuring carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV). A total of 58 patients with osteoporosis and an equal number of healthy control subjects were enrolled. All subjects underwent (1) a bone densitometry examination using dual X-ray absorptiometry, (2) a vascular evaluation for the measurements of cIMT and cf-PWV and (3) a blood sample for the evaluation of lipids and phosphocalcic metabolism. Patients with osteoporosis had a significant increase in cIMT and cf-PWV. There was also a significant inverse correlation between the femoral neck BMD and cf-PWV values. In conclusion, osteoporotic outpatients have earlier vascular ageing, with an increase of arterial stiffness. These data support a possible association between osteoporosis and atherosclerosis independent of age.
Collapse
|
17
|
Leppänen J, Randell K, Schwab U, Pihlajamäki J, Keski-Nisula L, Laitinen T, Heinonen S. The effect of different estradiol levels on carotid artery distensibility during a long agonist IVF protocol. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:44. [PMID: 32398163 PMCID: PMC7216631 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00608-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was made to figure out, does low and high estradiol levels during in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles have a different effect on carotid artery distensibility (Cdis), carotid artery diameter (Cdia), blood pressure and metabolic factors? Can the stimulation protocol be considered safe to women's vasculature? METHODS We studied 28 women having a long agonist protocol IVF-treatment in Kuopio University Hospital during the years 2011-2016. Patients were examined at three time points: in the beginning of their own period (low estradiol), during the gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue downregulation (low estradiol) and during the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation (high estradiol). Women served as their own controls and their menstrual phase (2- to 5-day period after the beginning of menstruation with low estrogen) was used as the reference. Cdis and Cdia were assessed using ultrasound. Blood pressure, weight, estradiol levels and lipids were monitored. RESULTS Cdis, Cdia, systolic and diastolic blood pressures peaked during the GnRH-analogue treatment with the lowest estradiol levels. Cdis, Cdia and systolic blood pressures declined by 11% (P = 0.002), 3,8% (P < 0.001) and 2,5% (P = 0.026) during the FSH-stimulation when the estradiol levels were high. Cdis correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides in high estrogenic environment and with diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05) when estrogen profiles were low. CONCLUSIONS Carotid artery stiffens during the high estradiol levels compared to low levels and this was not explained by the higher diameter of the carotid artery, hyperlipidemia or blood pressure profiles. All the changes in Cdis and Cdia are variations of normal, and if there is no history of cardiovascular problems, it can be considered, that the stimulation protocol is not hazardous to vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonna Leppänen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Puijonlaaksontie 2, FIN-70210, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kaisa Randell
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 140, HUS 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leea Keski-Nisula
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Puijonlaaksontie 2, FIN-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, FIN-70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Heinonen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 140, HUS 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rylski B, Georgieva N, Beyersdorf F, Büsch C, Boening A, Haunschild J, Etz CD, Luehr M, Kallenbach K. Gender-related differences in patients with acute aortic dissection type A. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 162:528-535.e1. [PMID: 31926709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute aortic dissection type A can occur in both genders at any age. Our aim was to report differences in presentation, treatment, and outcome in female and male patients with acute aortic dissection type A. METHODS Between July 2006 and June 2015, 56 centers participating in the German Registry for Acute Aortic Dissection Type A reported on a total of 3380 patients. As many as 1234 (37%) were women and 2146 (63%) were men. We compared their clinical features and events occurring within 30 days after surgery. RESULTS Women were significantly older than male patients (65.5 ± 12.7 years vs 59.2 ± 13.3 years; P < .001). Aortic dissection extended down to the abdominal aorta in 43% men and 39% women (P = .01). Visceral (4.9% vs 7.3%; P = .006) and renal malperfusion (7.7% vs 10.6%; P = .006) were more frequently diagnosed in men. Aortic roots were replaced more frequently in men (22% vs 18%; P < .001). Different aortic arch repair strategies were distributed similarly in both genders. The incidence of new hemiplegia or hemiparesis was also similar in men and women (P = .24). Thirty-day mortality did not differ between women and men (16.3% vs 16.6%; P = .18). In a logistically mixed-effect model, gender revealed no influence on 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.92-1.44; P = .21). CONCLUSIONS Aortic dissection type A occurs almost twice as frequently in men. Women develop aortic dissection later in life. Despite women and men presenting at different ages and exhibiting varying dissection and malperfusion patterns, and the fact that men undergo complex proximal aortic repair more frequently, outcomes are similar in both genders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Rylski
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Nikolina Georgieva
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friedhelm Beyersdorf
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Büsch
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Boening
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Christian D Etz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Luehr
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Kallenbach
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, INCCI HaerzZenter, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Birocale AM, Ferreira de Melo A, Peixoto P, Costalonga Oliveira PW, Gonçalves Ruffoni LD, Takayama LM, Nogueira BV, Nonaka KO, Rodrigues Pereira RM, Martins de Oliveira J, Bissoli NS. Telmisartan use in rats with preexisting osteoporotics bone disorders increases bone microarchitecture alterations via PPARγ. Life Sci 2019; 237:116890. [PMID: 31606379 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Telmisartan (TEL), an angiotensin II type I receptor blocker and PPARγ partial agonist, has been used for to treat hypertension. It is known that PPARγ activation induces bone loss. Therefore, we evaluate the effects of telmisartan on PPARγ protein expression, biomechanics, density and bone microarchitecture of femurs and lumbar vertebrae in SHR ovariectomized animals, a model of hypertension in which preexisting bone impairment has been demonstrated. MAIN METHODS SHR females (3 months old) were distributed into four groups: sham (S), sham + TEL (ST), OVX (C) and OVX + TEL (CT). TEL (5 mg/kg/day) or vehicle were administered according to the groups. After the protocol, blood pressure was measured and density, microarchitecture and biomechanics of bone were analyzed. Western blotting analysis was performed to evaluate PPARγ protein expression in the bones. KEY FINDINGS Castration induced a deleterious effect on mineral density and trabecular parameters, with telmisartan enhancing such effects. Telmisartan increased PPARγ levels, which were at their highest when the treatment was combined with castration. As to biomechanical properties, telmisartan reduced the stiffness in the castration group (CT vs. S or C group), as well as resilience and failure load in ST group (vs. all others groups). SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrated that telmisartan compromised bone density and microarchitecture in animals that shows preexisting osteoporotic bone disorders, probably via mechanisms associated with increased PPARγ. If this translates to humans, a need for greater caution in the use of telmisartan by patients that have preexisting bone problems, as in the postmenopausal period, may be in order.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Marcos Birocale
- Department of Health Integrated Education, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Pollyana Peixoto
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Liliam Masako Takayama
- Department of Medical Clinic, Medicine College, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Keico Okino Nonaka
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nazaré Souza Bissoli
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
DuPont JJ, Kenney RM, Patel AR, Jaffe IZ. Sex differences in mechanisms of arterial stiffness. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4208-4225. [PMID: 30767200 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness progressively increases with aging and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Evidence supports that there are sex differences in the time course of aging-related arterial stiffness and the associated CVD risk, which increases disproportionately in postmenopausal women. The association between arterial stiffness and mortality is almost twofold higher in women versus men. The differential clinical characteristics of the development of arterial stiffness between men and women indicate the involvement of sex-specific mechanisms. This review summarizes the current literature on sex differences in vascular stiffness induced by aging, obesity, hypertension, and sex-specific risk factors as well as the impact of hormonal status, diet, and exercise on vascular stiffness in males and females. An understanding of the mechanisms driving sex differences in vascular stiffness has the potential to identify novel sex-specific therapies to lessen CVD risk, the leading cause of death in males and females. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Importance of Sex Differences in Pharmacology Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.21/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J DuPont
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rachel M Kenney
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ayan R Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim DJK, Roe CA, Somani YB, Moore DJ, Barrett MA, Flanagan M, Kim-Shapiro DB, Basu S, Muller MD, Proctor DN. Effects of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on aortic blood pressures and pulse wave characteristics in post-menopausal women. Nitric Oxide 2019; 85:10-16. [PMID: 30668996 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Consumption of nitrate-rich beetroot juice can lower blood pressure in peripheral as well as central arteries and may exert additional hemodynamic benefits (e.g. reduced aortic wave reflections). The specific influence of nitrate supplementation on arterial pressures and aortic wave properties in postmenopausal women, a group that experiences accelerated increases in these variables with age, is unknown. Accordingly, the primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of consuming nitrate-rich beetroot juice on resting brachial and aortic blood pressures (BP) and pulse wave characteristics in a group of healthy postmenopausal women, in comparison to a true (nitrate-free beetroot juice) placebo. METHODS Brachial (oscillometric cuff) and radial (SphygmoCor) pressures and derived-aortic waveforms were measured during supine rest in thirteen healthy postmenopausal women (63 ± 1 yr) before and 100 min after consumption of 140 ml of either nitrate-rich (9.7 mmol, 0.6 gm NO3-) or nitrate-depleted beetroot juice on randomized visits approximately 10 days apart (cross-over design). Ten young premenopausal women (22 ± 1 yr) served as a reference (non-supplemented) cohort. RESULTS Brachial and derived-aortic variables showed the expected age-associated differences in these women (all p < 0.05). In post-menopausal women, nitrate supplementation reduced (p < 0.05 vs. placebo visit) brachial systolic BP (BRnitrate -4.9 ± 2.1 mmHg vs BRplacebo +1.1 ± 1.8 mmHg), brachial mean BP (BRnitrate -4.1 ± 1.7 mmHg vs BRplacebo +0.9 ± 1.3 mmHg), aortic systolic BP (BRnitrate -6.3 ± 2.0 mmHg vs BRplacebo +0.5 ± 1.7 mmHg) and aortic mean BP (BRnitrate -4.1 ± 1.7 mmHg vs BRplacebo +0.9 ± 1.3 mmHg), and increased pulse pressure amplification (BRnitrate +4.6 ± 2.0% vs BRplacebo +0.7 ± 2.5%, p = 0.04), but did not alter aortic pulse wave velocity or any other derived-aortic variables (e.g., augmentation pressure or index). CONCLUSIONS Dietary nitrate supplementation favorably modifies aortic systolic and mean blood pressure under resting conditions in healthy postmenopausal women. Acute supplementation of nitrate does not, however, appear to restore indices of aortic stiffness in this group. Future work should evaluate chronic, long-term effects of this non-pharmacological supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carly A Roe
- Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael Flanagan
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Penn State Hershey Family and Community Medicine, University Park, USA
| | | | - Swati Basu
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - David N Proctor
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu SL, Bajpai A, Hawthorne EA, Bae Y, Castagnino P, Monslow J, Puré E, Spiller KL, Assoian RK. Cardiovascular protection in females linked to estrogen-dependent inhibition of arterial stiffening and macrophage MMP12. JCI Insight 2019; 4:e122742. [PMID: 30626744 PMCID: PMC6485356 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffening is a consequence of aging and a cholesterol-independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Arterial stiffening and CVD show a sex bias, with men more susceptible than premenopausal women. How arterial stiffness and sex interact at a molecular level to confer risk of CVD is not well understood. Here, we used the sexual dimorphism in LDLR-null mice to show that the protective effect of female sex on atherosclerosis is linked to reduced aortic stiffness and reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP12) by lesional macrophages. Deletion of MMP12 in LDLR-null mice attenuated the male sex bias for both arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis, and these effects occurred despite high serum cholesterol. Mechanistically, we found that oxidized LDL stimulates secretion of MMP12 in human as well as mouse macrophages. Estrogen antagonizes this effect by downregulating MMP12 expression. Our data support cholesterol-independent causal relationships between estrogen, oxidized LDL-induced secretion of macrophage MMP12, and arterial stiffness that protect against atherosclerosis in females and emphasize that reduced MMP12 functionality can confer atheroprotection to males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-lin Liu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anamika Bajpai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Hawthorne
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Engineering MechanoBiology and
| | - Yongho Bae
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paola Castagnino
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Engineering MechanoBiology and
| | - James Monslow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ellen Puré
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kara L. Spiller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard K. Assoian
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Engineering MechanoBiology and
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Grant SS, Magruder KP, Friedman BH. Controlling for caffeine in cardiovascular research: A critical review. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 133:193-201. [PMID: 29981767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine, the most widely consumed drug in the world, exerts numerous effects on cardiovascular activity. Thus, it is important and advisable to control for caffeine consumption in studies examining caffeine and/or cardiovascular activity and reactivity. This paper 1) reviews the literature concerning caffeine's effects on cardiovascular parameters; 2) summarizes the widely varying protocols used to control for the drug in extant cardiovascular literature, and 3) provide guidelines for caffeine control procedures to minimize potentially confounding acute and withdrawal effects of the drug. An abstention period equal to the average half-life of the drug is recommended for creation of methodological controls for caffeine. Additional methodological recommendations are described concerning factors that moderate the half-life of caffeine. When feasible, researchers should consider and aim to control for caffeine's acute and extended psychophysiological effects. This understudied issue has fundamental implications for caffeine-related investigations and research in psychophysiology and behavioral medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shara S Grant
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 109 Williams Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America.
| | - Katherine P Magruder
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Brogden Hall, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America.
| | - Bruce H Friedman
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 109 Williams Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sciatti E, Vizzardi E, Castiello A, Valentini F, Bonadei I, Gelsomino S, Lorusso R, Metra M. The role of type 2 diabetes mellitus on hypertensive-related aortic stiffness. Echocardiography 2018; 35:798-803. [PMID: 29457265 DOI: 10.1111/echo.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is strongly related to arterial stiffness in a cause-effect fashion. Diabetes mellitus is also thought to determine vascular damage, mostly by means of advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs). Aim of our study was to study the role of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as regard ascending aortic elastic properties in hypertensive patients. METHODS We prospectively enrolled outpatients with hypertension (n = 99) and type 2 diabetes mellitus plus hypertension (n = 42) without cardiovascular events. They underwent a transthoracic echocardiography to measure aortic diameters, aortic elastic properties (ie, compliance, distensibility, stiffness index, Peterson's elastic modulus, pulse wave velocity, M-mode strain), tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) to calculate diastolic (E' and A') and systolic (S') velocities, and tissue strain. Multivariable analysis was run to assess the association between T2DM and these variables after correcting for possible confounders (age, sex, body mass index [BMI], dyslipidemia). RESULTS The two groups did not differ as regards age, sex, BMI, and blood pressure. However, T2DM patients were more likely to be dyslipidemic (43% vs 71%, P = .003). Aortic diameters were similar in the two groups, but the aortic elastic properties significantly more impaired in T2DM group. At multivariable analysis, stiffness index, Peterson's elastic modulus, the TDI waves, and the tissue strain remained associated with the co-presence of T2DM and hypertension. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that people suffering from both T2DM and hypertension have more impaired aortic elastic properties than those hypertensive alone. Considering the prognostic role of aortic stiffness, these patients may benefit from a closer follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Sciatti
- Cardiology Unit, University and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizzardi
- Cardiology Unit, University and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Ivano Bonadei
- Cardiology Unit, University and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sandro Gelsomino
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht-CARIM, Heart & Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Lorusso
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht-CARIM, Heart & Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology Unit, University and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pasha EP, Birdsill AC, Oleson S, Tanaka H, Haley AP. Associations of carotid arterial compliance and white matter diffusion metrics during midlife: modulation by sex. Neurobiol Aging 2018. [PMID: 29533790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in cerebral white matter (WM) aging have been debated extensively over the past 2 decades without unequivocal resolution. We aimed to determine if the effects of age and arterial stiffness on WM microstructure differ between sexes. Artery elasticity via carotid artery compliance (CAC) and WM diffusion metrics via diffusion tensor image-derived fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were measured in 155 (87 females) middle-aged (40-62 years) adults. Males demonstrated poorer water diffusion metrics in WM than women in the corpus callosum body, cingulum, and cingulum (hippocampal). Age and CAC had greater effects on WM water diffusion in males than females in midlife independent of education and cardiovascular risk factors. Sex-moderated age (cingulum FA, cingulum [hippocampal] MD, and uncinate MD, all p < 0.05) and CAC (cingulum FA, p < 0.05) related reductions in regional WM diffusion metrics. CAC mediated age-related associations in regional WM diffusion metrics (cingulum FA, cingulum MD, superior corona radiata MD, and uncinate MD, all p < 0.05) in males but not in females. Age and CAC were associated with WM diffusion metrics independent of cardiovascular risk factors. These associations appear to be stronger in males than in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan P Pasha
- Cardiovascular Aging Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education.
| | - Alex C Birdsill
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie Oleson
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Cardiovascular Aging Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education
| | - Andreana P Haley
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shen WC, Lu FH, Yang YC, Wu JS, Chang YF, Huang YH, Chang CJ. The relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and arterial stiffness in a Taiwanese population. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:1136-1142. [PMID: 29170062 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There are few studies on the association between HDL-C levels and arterial stiffness (AS). HDL-C levels vary in males and females, and it is not clear whether the relationship between HDL-C levels and AS is influenced by gender. The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in the association between HDL-C levels and AS in adults. METHODS AND RESULTS After excluding subjects using lipid-lowering agent, 7254 subjects were enrolled. The AS was assessed by measuring the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) value. The quartiles of HDL-C were <38, 38-45, 45-53 and >53 mg/dL in men and <48, 48-57, 57-69 and >68 mg/dL in women, respectively. In subjects aged <50 years, none of the HDL-C quartiles were associated with baPWV values. In subjects aged ≥50 years, the highest quartile of HDL-C (beta: -37.57, 95% CI: -61.61 to -13.54) was negatively related to baPWV values. When considering gender difference in subjects aged ≥50 years, the highest quartile of HDL-C (Q4 beta: -57.22, 95% CI: -95.63 to -18.81) was inversely associated with baPWV values in women, but none of the HDL-C quartiles were related to baPWV values in men. CONCLUSIONS A high HDL-C level was associated with a lower risk of AS in subjects aged ≥50 years in women but not in men, although this relationship was not apparent in subjects aged <50 years. The association between HDL-C level and AS is thus influenced by gender in people aged ≥50 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W-C Shen
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - F-H Lu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
| | - J-S Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Y-F Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - C-J Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mapoure YN, Eyambe NL, Dzudie AT, Ayeah CM, Ba H, Hentchoya R, Luma HN. Gender-Related Differences and Short-Term Outcome of Stroke: Results from a Hospital-Based Registry in Sub-Saharan Africa. Neuroepidemiology 2017; 49:179-188. [PMID: 29190627 DOI: 10.1159/000484319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that sex differences have an impact on patients with stroke, but existing data in Africa remain inconclusive about this inference. OBJECTIVES To study sex differences in terms of the clinical profile and short-term outcome of stroke in the Douala General Hospital, Cameroon. METHODS A hospital-based prospective cohort study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital over an 8-year period, which included all patients admitted for confirmed acute stroke. Information about the history of stroke with emphasis on clinical profile and outcome was collected. Descriptive statistics, t test, and chi square test were used for comparisons, while the Kaplan-Meier curve was used for survival rate analysis. RESULTS Of the 818 patients included, 455 (55.6%) were male patients. When compared to males, female patients are more likely to experience a stroke at an older age (mean age 62.3 ± 14.1 vs. 58.4 ± 12.9 years, p < 0.001), to be unmarried, to remain unemployed, and to have higher rates of cardio-embolic stroke (p = 0.049), body mass index (p = 0.031), altered levels of consciousness at presentation (p = 0.005), higher mean HDL cholesterol levels (p = 0.001), and in-hospital complications (p = 0.011), especially urinary tract infections (p = 0.018). Males were more likely to have health insurance, to smoke, to consume alcohol (p < 0.001), and to have higher rates of dysarthria (p = 0.004), higher mean uric acid (p = 0.013), and creatinine (p < 0.001) concentrations. Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes were more prevalent in men (p = 0.003). There are no sex differences in terms of stroke severity, length-of-hospital stay, case fatality, and functional outcome on admission. CONCLUSIONS Sex differences exist in the clinical profile of stroke but not in the outcome. Knowledge of these differences could help influence stroke prevention, thereby improving stroke burden in Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yacouba Njankouo Mapoure
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.,Department of Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Anastase Tamdja Dzudie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Yaoundé I, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Chia Mark Ayeah
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.,Department of Internal Medicine, Mboppi Baptist Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Hamadou Ba
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Yaoundé I, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Romuald Hentchoya
- Service of Intensive Care Unit, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Henry Namme Luma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Yaoundé I, Douala, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fahs CA, Thiebaud RS, Rossow LM, Loenneke JP, Bemben DA, Bemben MG. Relationships between central arterial stiffness, lean body mass, and absolute and relative strength in young and older men and women. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2017; 38:676-680. [PMID: 28815984 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Relationships between muscular strength and arterial stiffness as well as between muscle mass and arterial stiffness have been observed suggesting a link between the neuromuscular system and vascular health. However, the relationship between central arterial stiffness and absolute and relative strength along with muscle mass has not been investigated in both sexes across a broad age range. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between central arterial stiffness and absolute and relative strength as well as between central arterial stiffness and lean body mass (LBM) in men and women across a broad age range. LBM, central arterial stiffness and strength were measured on 36 men and 35 women between the ages of 18 and 75 years. Strength was measured on five machine resistance exercises and summed as one measure of overall strength (absolute strength). Relative strength was calculated as total strength divided by LBM (relative strength). Central arterial stiffness was inversely related to both absolute (r = -0·230; P = 0·029) and relative strength (r = -0·484; P < 0·001) but not LBM (r = 0·097; P = 0·213). The relationship between central arterial stiffness and relative strength was attenuated but still present when controlling for either age, per cent body fat, LBM or mean arterial pressure. These results suggest that, across a wide age range, the expression of relative muscular strength has a stronger relationship with central arterial stiffness compared to either LBM or absolute strength. This suggests that muscle function more than muscle mass may be coupled with vascular health.
Collapse
|
29
|
Reference values of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity according to age and blood pressure in a central Asia population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171737. [PMID: 28403173 PMCID: PMC5389792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), a direct measure of aortic stiffness, has increasingly become an important assessment for cardiovascular risk. The present study established the reference and normal values of baPWV in a Central Asia population in Xinjiang, China. METHODS We recruited participants from a central Asia population in Xinjiang, China. We performed multiple regression analysis to investigate the determinants of baPWV. The median and 10th-90th percentiles were calculated to establish the reference and normal values based on these categories. RESULTS In total, 5,757 Han participants aged 15-88 years were included in the present study. Spearman correlation analysis showed that age (r = 0.587, p < 0.001) and mean blood pressure (MBP, r = 0.599, p <0.001) were the major factors influencing the values of baPWV in the reference population. Furthermore, in the multiple linear regression analysis, the standardized regression coefficients of age (0.445) and MBP (0.460) were much higher than those of body mass index, triglyceride, and glycemia (-0.054, 0.035, and 0.033, respectively). In the covariance analysis, after adjustment for age and MBP, only diabetes was the significant independent determinant of baPWV (p = 0.009). Thus, participants with diabetes were excluded from the reference value population. The reference values ranged from 14.3 to 25.2 m/s, and the normal values ranged from 13.9 to 21.2 m/s. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that has established the reference and normal values for baPWV according to age and blood pressure in a Central Asia population.
Collapse
|
30
|
Aortic hemodynamics and white matter hyperintensities in normotensive postmenopausal women. J Neurol 2017; 264:938-945. [PMID: 28389742 PMCID: PMC5413519 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with development of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in the brain, which are risk factors for mild cognitive impairment. Hormonal shifts at menopause alter vascular function putting women at risk for both hypertension and WMH. Elevations in aortic hemodynamics precede the appearance of clinically defined hypertension but the relationship of aortic hemodynamics to development of WMH in women is not known. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize aortic hemodynamics in relationship to WMH in postmenopausal women. Aortic systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), aortic augmentation index (Alx) and aortic round trip travel time (Aortic TR) by tonometry were examined in 53 postmenopausal women (age 60 ± 2 years). WMH was calculated from fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI using a semi-automated segmentation algorithm. WMH as a fraction of total white matter volume positively associated with aortic systolic BP (regression coefficient = 0.018; p = 0.04) after adjusting for age. In addition, WMH fraction was positively associated with AIx (0.025; p = 0.04), and inversely associated with Aortic TR (−0.015; p = 0.04) after adjusting for age. Our results suggest that assessing aortic hemodynamics may identify individuals at risk for accelerated development of WMH and guide early treatment to reduce WMH burden and cognitive impairment in the future.
Collapse
|
31
|
Sokolis DP, Dimitriou CA, Lelovas P, Kostomitsopoulos NG, Dontas IA. Effect of ovariectomy and Sideritis euboea extract administration on large artery mechanics, morphology, and structure in middle-aged rats. Biorheology 2017; 54:1-23. [PMID: 28339395 DOI: 10.3233/bir-16113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial function is regulated by estrogen, but no consistent pattern of arterial mechanical remodeling in response to depleted estrogen levels is available. OBJECTIVE To examine long-term effects of ovariectomy (OVX) on the mechanical properties, morphology, and histological structure of the carotid artery in middle-aged rats and a potentially protective effect of Sideritis euboea extract (SID), commonly consumed as "mountain tea". METHODS 10-month-old female Wistar rats were allocated into control (sham-operated), OVX, OVX+SID, and OVX+MALT (maltodextrin; excipient used for dilution of SID) groups. They were sacrificed after 6 months and their carotid arteries were submitted to inflation/extension tests and to dimensional and histological evaluation. RESULTS Remodeling in OVX rats was characterized by a decreased in situ axial extension ratio, along with increased opening angle, thickness, and area of the vessel wall and of its medial layer, but unchanged lumen diameter. Compositional changes involved increased elastin/collagen densities. Characterization by the "four-fiber" microstructure-motivated model revealed similar in situ biaxial response of carotid arteries in OVX and control rats. CONCLUSIONS Carotid artery remodeling in OVX rats was largely consistent with hypertensive remodeling, despite the minor arterial pressure changes found, and was not altered by administration of SID, despite previous evidence of its osteo-protective effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios P Sokolis
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos A Dimitriou
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Pavlos Lelovas
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos G Kostomitsopoulos
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ismene A Dontas
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Carotid artery distensibility and hormone therapy and menopause: the Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study. Menopause 2016; 23:150-7. [PMID: 26308234 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Observational studies have suggested that arterial distensibility decreases during menopause; however, its relationship with hormone therapy use remains controversial. We prospectively studied distensibility and hormone therapy use at different menopause stages. METHODS One hundred sixty-one women (aged between 42 and 61 y) without cardiovascular disease underwent carotid artery measurements by ultrasound to calculate distensibility index at baseline and 3 years later. Menopause stage was classified at each visit as premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal. Across 3 years of prospective observation, women were classified as remaining premenopausal, remaining postmenopausal, or transitioning (defined as change from premenopausal to perimenopausal, from premenopausal to postmenopausal, from perimenopausal to perimenopausal, or from perimenopausal to postmenopausal). RESULTS Distensibility declined across time at all menopause stages (P < 0.0001). Compared with postmenopausal women, premenopausal and transitioning/no hormone therapy women had more than twice the decline in distensibility index (P = 0.06 and P = 0.016, respectively), whereas transitioning/hormone therapy women did not differ in distensibility decline (P = 0.28). In a multivariate model, change in systolic blood pressure (P < 0.0001) and change in pulse pressure (P = 0.004) were independent predictors of distensibility index change and served as effect modulators. In an adjusted model, women in the premenopausal and transitioning/no hormone therapy groups had a significantly faster decline in distensibility index (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001, respectively) compared with postmenopausal women, whereas the transitioning/hormone therapy group did not (P = 0.21). CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm that the menopausal transition is associated with reduced vascular compliance. Hormone therapy is associated with better arterial distensibility only during the menopausal transition. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and to determine whether hormone therapy use beyond the menopausal transition is related to distensibility.
Collapse
|
33
|
Cadeddu C, Franconi F, Cassisa L, Campesi I, Pepe A, Cugusi L, Maffei S, Gallina S, Sciomer S, Mercuro G. Arterial hypertension in the female world. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2016; 17:229-36. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
34
|
Treatment of hypertension and metabolic syndrome: lowering blood pressure is not enough for organ protection, new approach-arterial destiffening. Curr Hypertens Rep 2015; 16:479. [PMID: 25139778 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-014-0479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) have been shown to induce end organ damage. Until now, the main approach to reduce CVRF-induced end organ damage was by normalization of CVRFs; this approach was found effective to reduce damage and cardiovascular (CV) events. However, a residual risk always remained even when CVRFs were optimally balanced. An additional risk factor which has an immense effect on the progression of end organ damage is aging. Aging is accompanied by gradual stiffening of the arteries which finally leads to CV events. Until recently, the process of arterial aging was considered as unmodifiable, but this has changed. Arterial stiffening caused by the aging process is similar to the changes seen as a result of CVRF-induced arterial damage. Actually, the presence of CVRFs causes faster arterial stiffening, and the extent of damage is proportional to the severity of the CVRF, the length of its existence, the patient's genetic factors, etc. Conventional treatments of osteoporosis and of hormonal decline at menopause are potential additional approaches to positively affect progression of arterial stiffening. The new approach to further decrease progression of arteriosclerosis, thus preventing events, is the prevention of age-associated arterial structural changes. This approach should further decrease age-associated arterial stiffening. A totally new promising approach is to study the possibility of affecting collagen, elastin, and other components of connective tissue that participate in the process of arterial stiffening. Reduction of pulse pressure by intervention in arterial stiffening process by novel methods as breaking collagen cross-links or preventing their formation is an example of future directions in treatment. This field is of enormous potential that might be revolutionary in inducing further significant reduction of cardiovascular events.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim HL, Seo JB, Chung WY, Kim SH, Zo JH, Kim MA. The association between ambulatory blood pressure profile and brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity in untreated hypertensive subjects. Blood Press 2014; 24:139-46. [DOI: 10.3109/08037051.2014.986953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hack-Lyoung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Bin Seo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Young Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Zo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-A Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Uemura H, Katsuura-Kamano S, Yamaguchi M, Nakamoto M, Hiyoshi M, Arisawa K. Family history of stroke is potentially associated with arterial stiffness in the Japanese population. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 107:654-63. [PMID: 25241219 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2014.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the association between family history of cardiovascular disease and arterial stiffness are rare. AIMS This study evaluated the possible relationship between family history of cardiovascular disease and arterial stiffness in the Japanese population, by measuring brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV). METHODS A total of 1004 eligible subjects (664 men and 340 women) aged 35-69 years, who were enrolled in the baseline survey of a cohort study in Tokushima Prefecture (Japan) and who underwent ba-PWV measurement, were analysed. Information about their lifestyle characteristics and first-degree family histories of ischaemic heart disease (i.e. myocardial infarction or angina pectoris), stroke or hypertension were obtained from a structural self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS Subjects of both sexes with a family history of stroke showed significantly higher multivariable-adjusted means of ba-PWV than those without that trait (P values were 0.001 in men and 0.002 in women), while those with a family history of ischaemic heart disease did not. Subjects of both sexes with a family history of hypertension showed significantly higher age-adjusted means of ba-PWV than those without that trait, although these differences disappeared after further adjusting for blood pressure or multivariable covariates. When family histories of these diseases were inserted simultaneously into the same model, these results did not alter substantially. CONCLUSION A family history of stroke might be associated with increased arterial stiffness, independent of other known atherosclerotic risk factors, including hypertensive elements, in both sexes in the Japanese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Uemura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, 770-8503 Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, 770-8503 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Miwa Yamaguchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, 770-8503 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mariko Nakamoto
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mineyoshi Hiyoshi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, 770-8503 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kokichi Arisawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, 770-8503 Tokushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Vascular aging, featuring endothelial dysfunction and large artery stiffening, is a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). In women, vascular aging appears to be accelerated during the menopause transition, particularly around the late perimenopausal period, presumably related to declines in ovarian function and estrogen levels. The mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction and large artery stiffening with the menopause transition are not completely understood. Oxidative stress and the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α contribute to endothelial dysfunction and large artery stiffening in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. Habitual endurance exercise attenuates the age-related increase in large artery stiffness in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women and can reverse arterial stiffening to premenopausal levels in estrogen-replete postmenopausal women. In contrast, estrogen status appears to play a key permissive role in the adaptive response of the endothelium to habitual endurance exercise in that endothelial improvements are absent in estrogen-deficient women but present in estrogen-replete women. We review here the current state of knowledge on the biological defects underlying vascular aging across the menopause transition, with particular focus on potential mechanisms, the role of habitual exercise in preserving vascular health, and key areas for future research.
Collapse
|
38
|
Elevated plasma total cholesterol level is associated with the risk of asymptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101232. [PMID: 24992466 PMCID: PMC4081648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) is one of the most common causes of stroke, and dyslipidemia was one of the most common risk factors related to ICAS. However, the correlation between the plasma total cholesterol level (PTC) and ICAS, especially asymptomatic ICAS (AICAS) is not clear. Materials and Methods 5,300 participants were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of AICAS was made by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. The participants were then divided into 5 essentially equal-sized groups based on their PTC levels. The multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between the PTC level and the prevalence of AICAS. Results 13.0% of the participants were diagnosed with AICAS. The prevalence of AICAS gradually increased with the increasing PTC level. After adjusted by the possible confounding factors, the Odds Ratios (OR) of the AICAS prevalence between the 1st quintile group and the other 4 groups were 1.13, 1.23, 1.63 and 1.75 with 95% confident intervals (CI) of 0.84–1.52, 0.91–1.66, 1.20–2.22 and 1.23–2.47, respectively. The further subgroup analysis revealed that the PTC level was stronger for males (OR 1.42 95%CI 1.23–1.64), regarding the prevalence of AICAS. Conclusions In this large community-based study, the prevalence of AICAS is 13.0%, subjects with higher PTC levels showed a mild increase in the prevalence of AICAS. The PTC level is an independent risk factor of AICAS. Males seem to be significantly more vulnerable to the risk of AICAS.
Collapse
|
39
|
Coutinho T. Arterial Stiffness and Its Clinical Implications in Women. Can J Cardiol 2014; 30:756-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
40
|
Harman SM. Menopausal hormone treatment cardiovascular disease: another look at an unresolved conundrum. Fertil Steril 2014; 101:887-97. [PMID: 24680648 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in women. Before the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) hormone trials, evidence favored the concept that menopausal hormone treatment (MHT) protects against CVD. WHI studies failed to demonstrate CVD benefit, with worse net outcomes for MHT versus placebo in the population studied. We review evidence regarding the relationship between MHT and CVD with consideration of mechanisms and risk factors for atherogenesis and cardiac events, results of observational case-control and cohort studies, and outcomes of randomized trials. Estrogen effects on CVD risk factors favor delay or amelioration of atherosclerotic plaque development but may increase risk of acute events when at-risk plaque is present. Long-term observational studies have shown ∼40% reductions in risk of myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality. Analyses of data from randomized control trials other than the WHI show a ∼30% cardioprotective effect in recently menopausal women. Review of the literature as well as WHI data suggests that younger and/or more recently menopausal women may have a better risk-benefit ratio than older or remotely menopausal women and that CVD protection may only occur after >5 years; WHI women averaged 63 years of age (12 years postmenopausal) and few were studied for >6 years. Thus, a beneficial effect of long-term MHT on CVD and mortality is still an open question and is likely to remain controversial for the foreseeable future.
Collapse
|
41
|
Gori M, Lam CSP, Gupta DK, Santos ABS, Cheng S, Shah AM, Claggett B, Zile MR, Kraigher-Krainer E, Pieske B, Voors AA, Packer M, Bransford T, Lefkowitz M, McMurray JJV, Solomon SD. Sex-specific cardiovascular structure and function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 16:535-42. [PMID: 24574260 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Women are more likely to develop heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) than men. We studied the relationship between sex and cardiovascular structure and function in patients with HFpEF. METHODS AND RESULTS The study included 279 participants from the PARAMOUNT study (57% women) with analysable baseline echocardiograms (mean age 71 years, 94% hypertensive, 38% diabetic). We assessed sex-based differences in baseline clinical characteristics and measures of cardiovascular structure/function. Coronary artery disease was less common in women than in men. Women were more obese and symptomatic, and less likely to have albuminuria. Women had higher indexed left ventricular (LV) wall thicknesses, worse diastolic function (lower E', P = 0.002; higher E/E', P < 0.001), while LV mass and LV volumes indexed for height(2.7) were similar. Nonetheless, female sex was associated with a trend towards higher prevalence of abnormal LV geometry (defined as concentric hypertrophy, or eccentric hypertrophy, or concentric remodelling) at baseline (unadjusted P = 0.028, adjusted P = 0.056) and 12 weeks' follow up (unadjusted P = 0.001, adjusted P = 0.006), but not at 36 weeks' follow up (unadjusted P = 0.81, adjusted P = 0.99). Despite higher LV ejection fraction in women, global LV strain was similar between the sexes, while Tissue Doppler Imaging S' mitral velocity was lower in women. Both LV diastolic and systolic stiffness were higher in women than men (P < 0.001), even adjusting for LV concentricity and clinical covariates. We observed no sex differences in systolic arterial-LV coupling, as women also had higher absolute arterial elastance compared with men, although this difference was not significant after adjusting for height(2.7) . CONCLUSION More pronounced diastolic dysfunction may contribute to the greater predisposition for HFpEF in women compared with men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Gori
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rylski B, Desjardins B, Moser W, Bavaria JE, Milewski RK. Gender-related changes in aortic geometry throughout life. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 45:805-11. [PMID: 24431164 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezt597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aortic geometry changes throughout life are not well defined. This investigation delineates aortic geometry across the adult age spectrum and determines the gender-related influence of aging on aortic morphometry. METHODS Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans of all aortic segments in 195 subjects (94 women, 101 men, average age 57 ± 20 years) free of vascular disease were analysed. Lengths and diameters of each aortic segment as well as width, height and tortuosity of the thoracic aorta were compared between both genders. RESULTS Aortic diameters and lengths were larger in men than women (P < 0.001); however, after adjustment for body surface area (BSA), the ascending aorta and aortic arch revealed greater diameters in women than in men (P = 0.001 and P = 0.011, respectively). All aortic segment dimensions increased in a similar pattern with age for both genders, except the ascending aorta diameter, which increased +3.4% (P < 0.001) per decade in women and +2.6% (P < 0.001) per decade in men. Owing to more dynamic ascending aortic growth in women, absolute diameters were similar in both genders at an older age (>70 years old: 3.4 ± 0.3 vs 3.5 ± 0.3 cm, P = 0.241). CONCLUSIONS Female gender is associated with smaller aortic dimensions, but only at a young age. The dynamics of aortic growth throughout life are greater in women than in men. Gender-related changes in aortic geometry provide a hypothesis for the predominance of aortic dissection in young male patients, which normalizes between genders with increasing age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Rylski
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Stone S, Bibens M, Jones A, Curtis K. Running longer, running stronger: a brief review of endurance exercise and oestrogen. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.3920/cep140007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Athletic performance in endurance exercise is determined by an interplay among many physiological factors. Body fluid regulation, influenced by both hormonal and osmotic stimuli, is particularly important for maximising performance in endurance sports, as dehydration markedly decreases endurance. Oestrogen has a broad range of effects on the regulation of body fluid balance, as well as on aerobic capacity, metabolism, and other factors that impact endurance exercise performance, yet the role of oestrogen in endurance exercise performance has not been thoroughly examined. This review discusses the effects of oestrogen on compensatory hormonal and behavioural responses to dehydration, such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation and thirst, that restore body fluid balance and thereby affect exercise performance. Oestrogen-mediated effects and their potential consequences for endurance performance are also evaluated in the context of thermoregulation and aerobic capacity, as well as substrate utilisation during exercise. In addressing the role of oestrogen in endurance exercise, this review will examine human and animal models of endurance exercise and discuss similarities, differences, and limitations. Our aim is to integrate research from neuroscience, physiology, and exercise science to advance understanding of how oestrogen may impact exercise. Such understanding will have particularly important implications for female endurance athletes experiencing the hormonal fluctuations that occur during the reproductive cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Stone
- Mary Baldwin College, 318 Prospect St., Staunton, VA 24401, USA
| | - M.E. Bibens
- Oklahoma State University, Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA
| | - A.B. Jones
- Oklahoma State University, Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA
| | - K.S. Curtis
- Oklahoma State University, Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Thomas F, Pannier B, Safar ME. Impact of country of birth on progression of steady and pulsatile hemodynamic parameters in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 7:440-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
46
|
Alihanoglu YI, Kayrak M, Ulgen MS, Yazici M, Yazici M, Yilmaz R, Demir K, Dogan Y, Sizer M, Ozhan H, Koc F, Bodur S. The impact of central blood pressure levels on the relationship between oscillometric and central blood pressure measurements: a multicenter invasive study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2013; 15:681-6. [PMID: 24034662 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate impact of central blood pressure (BP) levels and sex on the difference between central and upper arm oscillometric BP values. Oscillometric arterial BP measurements of 675 patients were simultaneously compared with values measured from the ascending aorta. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to systolic BP levels. The upper arm oscillometric device overestimated systolic BP (SBP) at low and medium BP levels but it underestimated SBP at high BP level. As for the effect of sex on differences in central and oscillometric BP, SBP was overestimated to a lesser degree in women than in men at low BP levels, but it was more highly underestimated in women than in men at high BP levels. The difference between oscillometric upper arm BP and aortic BP was directly affected by the patient's central BP level. In addition, the difference between central and oscillometric BP was also affected by sex factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf I Alihanoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Losurdo P, Grillo A, Panizon E, Cappellari GG, Fabris B, Bardelli M, Biolo G, Zanetti M, Carretta R. Supplementation of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevents Increase in Arterial Stiffness After Experimental Menopause. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2013; 19:114-20. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248413500716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Menopause is associated with increased arterial stiffness, an independent marker of cardiovascular risk. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (N3-PUFAs) are thought to have multiple cardiovascular benefits, including prevention of arterial stiffness. We investigated whether treatment with N3-PUFA prevents increase in arterial stiffness in ovariectomized rats, an animal model of experimental menopause. Methods: A total of 43 Wistar rats, 2 months old, were divided into 3 groups, control, sham surgery, normal diet (CTRL, n = 15); ovariectomy, normal diet (OVX, n = 14); and ovariectomy with N3-PUFA supplementation (0.8 g/kg/d in daily gavages administration; OVX + O3, n = 14). Two months after surgery, carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and arterial blood pressure (BP) were measured by carotid and femoral cannulation. Aortic morphometric measurements were performed after dissection. Results: Ovariectomy caused a significant increase in BP ( P < .05), PWV ( P < .0001), and elastic modulus ( P = .001) compared to CTRL. After ovariectomy, N3-PUFA supplementation completely prevented increase in arterial stiffness ( P < .0001 vs OVX) and BP ( P < .05 vs OVX) and resulted in a significant increase in body weight and aortic thickness. Conclusions: In an experimental model of menopause, N3-PUFA supplementation prevents arterial stiffening and other vascular changes induced by ovariectomy. These results represent a therapeutic benefit of N3-PUFAs in prevention of postmenopausal cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Losurdo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, U.C.O. Medicina Clinica, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Grillo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, U.C.O. Medicina Clinica, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emiliano Panizon
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, U.C.O. Medicina Clinica, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gortan Cappellari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, U.C.O. Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Bruno Fabris
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, U.C.O. Medicina Clinica, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Moreno Bardelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, U.C.O. Medicina Clinica, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianni Biolo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, U.C.O. Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Zanetti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, U.C.O. Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Renzo Carretta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, U.C.O. Medicina Clinica, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and osteoporosis are major causes of morbidity and mortality in postmenopausal women. The relationship between atherosclerosis and osteoporosis has been established by studies of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and biochemical pathways that seem to overlap in many places. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is one of the known predictors of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Studies indicate that PWV in hypertensive postmenopausal women is increased, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) attenuates this increase. In addition, recently, many studies have suggested a role for arterial stiffness in the association between CVD and osteoporosis. From these findings, it appears that estrogen deficiency combined with production of inflammatory cytokines plays a role in increased PWV closely associated with CVD and osteoporosis, although the mechanisms of arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women may be more complex. Accordingly, a possible role for PWV as a surrogate marker of CVD as well as osteoporosis in postmenopausal women is discussed in this review. First, menopause leads to increased arterial stiffness with aging in females. Further, epidemiological data evaluating arterial stiffness assessed by PWV provided evidence that most of the established CVD risk factors are determinants of PWV, and these risk factors are increased in patients with CVD. In turn, contrary to expectation, HRT did not always contribute to a lower incidence of CVD in postmenopausal women. By reviewing the current data available, it becomes clear that, at present, the effects of menopause including HRT on PWV remain controversial, and further studies are needed to clarify these associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Shared associations of nonatherosclerotic, large-vessel, cerebrovascular arteriopathies. Curr Opin Neurol 2013; 26:13-28. [DOI: 10.1097/wco.0b013e32835c607f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
50
|
O'Neill SM, Liu J, O'Rourke MF, Khoo SK. The menopausal transition does not appear to accelerate age-related increases in arterial stiffness. Climacteric 2012; 16:62-9. [PMID: 23152960 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2012.739220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arterial stiffness is an independent marker of cardiovascular risk that increases with age, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, both for men and women (although more pronounced in women). This study was designed to establish whether menopause augments the age-dependent change. METHODS The study evaluated pulse wave analysis and pulse wave velocity using applanation tonometry in 468 women (aged 40-80 years) sampled from the general population. In multiple linear regression models, age was the predominant correlate of increasing aortic augmentation pressure (p < 0.0001), augmentation index (p < 0.0001), augmentation index adjusted to a heart rate of 75 beats/min (p < 0.0001) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (p < 0.0001). RESULTS Analysis of covariance showed no significant difference in adjusted mean of augmentation pressure, augmentation index or pulse wave velocity between menopause groups (pre-, peri-, postmenopause). Adjusted means of augmentation pressure and pulse wave velocity were comparable between women on hormone therapy (n = 130) and non-users (n = 338). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study challenge the assertion by some researchers that menopause accelerates age-dependent changes in arterial stiffness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M O'Neill
- Betty Byrne Henderson Women's Health Research Centre, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane and the University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|