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Campos ACP, Pople C, Silk E, Surendrakumar S, Rabelo TK, Meng Y, Gouveia FV, Lipsman N, Giacobbe P, Hamani C. Neurochemical mechanisms of deep brain stimulation for depression in animal models. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 68:11-26. [PMID: 36640729 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a neuromodulation therapy for treatment-resistant depression, but its actual efficacy and mechanisms of action are still unclear. Changes in neurochemical transmission are important mechanisms of antidepressant therapies. Here, we review the preclinical DBS literature reporting behavioural and neurochemical data associated with its antidepressant-like effects. The most commonly studied target in preclinical models was the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). In rodents, DBS delivered to this target induced serotonin (5-HT) release and increased 5-HT1B receptor expression. The antidepressant-like effects of vmPFC DBS seemed to be independent of the serotonin transporter and potentially mediated by the direct modulation of prefrontal projections to the raphe. Adenosinergic and glutamatergic transmission might have also play a role. Medial forebrain bundle (MFB) DBS increased dopamine levels and reduced D2 receptor expression, whereas nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and lateral habenula (LHb) stimulation increased catecholamine levels in different brain regions. In rodents, subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS induced robust depression-like responses associated with a reduction in serotonergic transmission, as revealed by a decrease in serotonin release. Some of these effects seemed to be mediated by 5HT1A receptors. In conclusion, the antidepressant-like effects of DBS in preclinical models have been well documented in multiple targets. Though variable mechanisms have been proposed, DBS-induced acute and long-term changes in neurochemical substrates seem to play an important role in the antidepressant-like effects of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina P Campos
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Christopher Pople
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Esther Silk
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Shanan Surendrakumar
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Thallita K Rabelo
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Ying Meng
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Flavia Venetucci Gouveia
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
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Systematic identification of candidate genes associated with aggressive behavior: A neurogenetic approach. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kondaurova EM, Plyusnina AV, Ilchibaeva TV, Eremin DV, Rodnyy AY, Grygoreva YD, Naumenko VS. Effects of a Cc2d1a/Freud-1 Knockdown in the Hippocampus on Behavior, the Serotonin System, and BDNF. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413319. [PMID: 34948116 PMCID: PMC8707087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin 5-HT1A receptor is one of the most abundant and widely distributed brain serotonin (5-HT) receptors that play a major role in the modulation of emotions and behavior. The 5-HT1A receptor gene (Htr1a) is under the control of transcription factor Freud-1 (also known as Cc2d1a/Freud-1). Here, using adeno-associated virus (AAV) constructs in vivo, we investigated effects of a Cc2d1a/Freud-1 knockdown in the hippocampus of C57BL/6J mice on behavior, the brain 5-HT system, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). AAV particles carrying the pAAV_H1-2_shRNA-Freud-1_Syn_EGFP plasmid encoding a short-hairpin RNA targeting mouse Cc2d1a/Freud-1 mRNA had an antidepressant effect in the forced swim test 5 weeks after virus injection. The knockdown impaired spatiotemporal memory as assessed in the Morris water maze. pAAV_H1-2_shRNA-Freud-1_Syn_EGFP decreased Cc2d1a/Freud-1 mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the Cc2d1a/Freud-1 knockdown upregulated 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid but not their ratio. The Cc2d1a/Freud-1 knockdown failed to increase mRNA and protein levels of Htr1a but diminished a 5-HT1A receptor functional response. Meanwhile, the Cc2d1a/Freud-1 knockdown reduced Creb mRNA expression and CREB phosphorylation and upregulated cFos mRNA. The knockdown enhanced the expression of a BDNF precursor (proBDNF protein), which is known to play a crucial part in neuroplasticity. Our data indicate that transcription factor Cc2d1a/Freud-1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders not only via the 5-HT1A receptor and transcription factor CREB but also through an influence on BDNF.
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Peleg LC, Rabinovitch D, Lavie Y, Rabbie DM, Horowitz I, Fruchter E, Gruenwald I. Post-SSRI Sexual Dysfunction (PSSD): Biological Plausibility, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Presumed Risk Factors. Sex Med Rev 2021; 10:91-98. [PMID: 34627736 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Post-SSRI sexual-dysfunction (PSSD) is an iatrogenicsyndrome, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of which areunclear. Symptom onset follows cessation of serotonergicantidepressants i.e. Selective Serotonin and Norepinephrine ReuptakeInhibitors (SSRI's, SNRI's), and Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA's). PSSDsymptoms include genital anesthesia, erectile dysfunction andorgasmic/ejaculatory anhedonia, and should be differentiated fromdepression-related sexual-dysfunction. Recently, accumulated data of numerous case-reports suggest additional non-sexual symptoms including, anhedonia, apathy, and blunted affect. PSSD gained official recognition after the European medical agency concluded that PSSD is a medical condition that persists after discontinuation of SSRI's and SNRI's. OBJECTIVE To review possible underlying neurobiological mechanisms ofthis syndrome, update information on the pathophysiology, present a listof potential risk-factors and discuss potential management options forPSSD. METHODS Extensive literature review on the main symptom-patterns ofthis disorder was undertaken using PubMed. It includes introductoryexplications of relevant neurobiology with the objective of generatinghypothesis. RESULTS Precipitating factors for PSSD include previous exposure to certain drugs, genetic predisposition, psychological stress or chemical stressful reaction to antidepressants along pre-existing medical conditions affecting neuroplasticity. Different theories have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology of PSSD: epigenetic gene expression, dopamine-serotonin interactions, serotonin neurotoxicity and hormonal changes. The diagnosis of PSSD is by excluding all other etiologies of sexual-dysfunction. Treatment is challenging, and many strategies have been suggested without definitive outcomes. We offerthe contours of a future neurobiological research agenda, and propose several underlying mechanisms for the various symptoms of PSSD which could be the foundation for a future treatment algorithm. CONCLUSION There is a need for well-designed neurobiological research in this domain, as well as in the prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment of PSSD. Practitioners should be alert to the distinctive features of PSSD. Misdiagnosing this syndrome might lead to harmful Sexual Medicine Reviews. Peleg LC, Rabinovitch D, Lavie Y, et al. Post-SSRI Sexual Dysfunction (PSSD): Biological Plausibility, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Presumed Risk Factors. Sex Med Rev 2021;XX:XXX-XXX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Deya M Rabbie
- Ahram Canadian University, Neuropharmacology, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Itai Horowitz
- Rambam Healthcare Campus, Psychiatry Department, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Ilan Gruenwald
- Rambam Healthcare Campus, Neuro-Urology Unit, Haifa, Israel.
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Distinct Effects of Escitalopram and Vortioxetine on Astroglial L-Glutamate Release Associated with Connexin43. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810013. [PMID: 34576176 PMCID: PMC8468507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been established that enhancement of serotonergic transmission contributes to improvement of major depression; however, several post-mortem studies and experimental depression rodent models suggest that functional abnormalities of astrocytes play important roles in the pathomechanisms/pathophysiology of mood disorders. Direct effects of serotonin (5-HT) transporter inhibiting antidepressants on astroglial transmission systems has never been assessed in this context. Therefore, to explore the effects of antidepressants on transmission associated with astrocytes, the present study determined the effects of the selective 5-HT transporter inhibitor, escitalopram, and the 5-HT partial agonist reuptake inhibitor, vortioxetine, on astroglial L-glutamate release through activated hemichannels, and the expression of connexin43 (Cx43), type 1A (5-HT1AR) and type 7 (5-HT7R) 5-HT receptor subtypes, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in astrocytes using primary cultured rat cortical astrocytes in a 5-HT-free environment. Both escitalopram and 5-HT1AR antagonist (WAY100635) did not affect basal astroglial L-glutamate release or L-glutamate release through activated hemichannels. Subchronic (for seven days) administrations of vortioxetine and the 5-HT7R inverse agonist (SB269970) suppressed both basal L-glutamate release and L-glutamate release through activated hemichannels, whereas 5-HT1AR agonist (BP554) inhibited L-glutamate release through activated hemichannels, but did not affect basal L-glutamate release. In particular, WAY100635 did not affect the inhibitory effects of vortioxetine on L-glutamate release. Subchronic administration of vortioxetine, BP554 and SB269970 downregulated 5-HT1AR, 5-HT7R and phosphorylated ERK in the plasma membrane fraction, but escitalopram and WAY100635 did not affect them. Subchronic administration of SB269970 decreased Cx43 expression in the plasma membrane but did not affect the cytosol; however, subchronic administration of BP554 increased Cx43 expression in the cytosol but did not affect the plasma membrane. Subchronic vortioxetine administration increased Cx43 expression in the cytosol and decreased it in the plasma membrane. WAY100635 prevented an increased Cx43 expression in the cytosol induced by vortioxetine without affecting the reduced Cx43 expression in the plasma membrane. These results suggest that 5-HT1AR downregulation probably increases Cx43 synthesis, but 5-HT7R downregulation suppresses Cx43 trafficking to the plasma membrane. These results also suggest that the subchronic administration of therapeutic-relevant concentrations of vortioxetine inhibits both astroglial L-glutamate and Cx43 expression in the plasma membrane via 5-HT7R downregulation but enhances Cx43 synthesis in the cytosol via 5-HT1AR downregulation. This combination of the downregulation of 5-HT1AR, 5-HT7R and Cx43 in the astroglial plasma membrane induced by subchronic vortioxetine administration suggest that astrocytes is possibly involved in the pathophysiology of depression.
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Sepulveda M, Manning EE, Gogos A, Hale M, van den Buuse M. Long-term effects of young-adult methamphetamine on dorsal raphe serotonin systems in mice: Role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Brain Res 2021; 1762:147428. [PMID: 33737066 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To assess the long-term effects of chronic adolescent methamphetamine (METH) treatment on the serotonin system in the brain, we used serotonin-1A receptor (5-HT1A) and serotonin transporter (SERT) autoradiography, and quantitative tryptophan-hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) immunohistochemistry in the raphe nuclei of mice. Because of the modulatory role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the serotonin system and the effects of METH, we included both BDNF heterozygous (HET) mice and wildtype (WT) controls. Male and female mice of both genotypes were treated with an escalating METH dose regimen from the age of 6-9 weeks. At least two weeks later, acute locomotor hyperactivity induced by a 5 mg/kg D-amphetamine challenge was significantly enhanced in METH-pretreated mice, showing long-term sensitisation. METH pretreatment caused a small, but significant decrease of 5-HT1A receptor binding in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) of males independent of genotype, but there were no changes in the median raphe nucleus (MRN) or in SERT binding density. METH treatment reduced the number of TPH2 positive cells in ventral subregions of the rostral and medial DRN independent of genotype. METH treatment selectively reduced DRN cell counts in BDNF HET mice compared to wildtype mice in medial and caudal ventrolateral subregions previously associated with panic-like behaviour. The data increase our understanding of the long-term and selective effects of METH on brain serotonin systems. These findings could be relevant for some of the psychosis-like symptoms associated with long-term METH use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Sepulveda
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Manning
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea Gogos
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Hale
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
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Psychological mechanisms and functions of 5-HT and SSRIs in potential therapeutic change: Lessons from the serotonergic modulation of action selection, learning, affect, and social cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 119:138-167. [PMID: 32931805 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Uncertainty regarding which psychological mechanisms are fundamental in mediating SSRI treatment outcomes and wide-ranging variability in their efficacy has raised more questions than it has solved. Since subjective mood states are an abstract scientific construct, only available through self-report in humans, and likely involving input from multiple top-down and bottom-up signals, it has been difficult to model at what level SSRIs interact with this process. Converging translational evidence indicates a role for serotonin in modulating context-dependent parameters of action selection, affect, and social cognition; and concurrently supporting learning mechanisms, which promote adaptability and behavioural flexibility. We examine the theoretical basis, ecological validity, and interaction of these constructs and how they may or may not exert a clinical benefit. Specifically, we bridge crucial gaps between disparate lines of research, particularly findings from animal models and human clinical trials, which often seem to present irreconcilable differences. In determining how SSRIs exert their effects, our approach examines the endogenous functions of 5-HT neurons, how 5-HT manipulations affect behaviour in different contexts, and how their therapeutic effects may be exerted in humans - which may illuminate issues of translational models, hierarchical mechanisms, idiographic variables, and social cognition.
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Yaman B, Bal R. Pindolol potentiates the antidepressant effect of venlafaxine by inhibiting 5-HT1A receptor in DRN neurons of mice. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:23-30. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1797723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burak Yaman
- Medicine Faculty, Department of Physiology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Bal
- Medicine Faculty, Department of Physiology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Serotonin hyperpolarizes the dorsal raphe nucleus neurons of mice by activating G protein–coupled inward rectifier potassium channels. Neuroreport 2020; 31:928-935. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Haleem DJ. Targeting Serotonin1A Receptors for Treating Chronic Pain and Depression. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 17:1098-1108. [PMID: 31418663 PMCID: PMC7057205 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190811161807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of chronic pain with depression is becoming increasingly recognized. Treating both the conditions together is essential for an effective treatment outcome. In this regard, it is important to identify a shared mechanism involved in the association of chronic pain with depression. Central serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) neurotransmission has long been known to participate in the processing of signals related to pain. It also plays a key role in the pathogenesis and treatment of depression. Although functional responses to serotonin are mediated via the activation of multiple receptor types and subtypes, the 5-HT1A subtype is involved in the processing of nociception as well as the pathogenesis and treatment of depression. This receptor is located presynaptically, as an autoreceptor, on the perikaryon and dendritic spines of serotonin-containing neurons. It is also expressed as a heteroreceptor on neurons receiving input from serotonergic neurons. This arti-cle targets the 5-HT1A receptors to show that indiscriminate activation of pre and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors is likely to produce no therapeutic benefits; biased activation of the 5-HT heteroreceptors may be a useful strategy for treating chronic pain and depression individually as well as in a comorbid condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darakhshan Jabeen Haleem
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Albert PR, Vahid-Ansari F. The 5-HT1A receptor: Signaling to behavior. Biochimie 2019; 161:34-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ślifirski G, Król M, Kleps J, Ulenberg S, Belka M, Bączek T, Siwek A, Stachowicz K, Szewczyk B, Nowak G, Bojarski A, Kozioł AE, Turło J, Herold F. Synthesis of novel pyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidine derivatives with rigidized tryptamine moiety as potential SSRI and 5-HT 1A receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:144-158. [PMID: 30703658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The study enabled obtaining a number of new derivatives of 4-aryl-pyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidine 9.1-9.27 having conformationally restricted tryptamine moiety. In vitro studies (RBA) have shown that derivatives 9.1, 9.2, 9.4, 9.7, 9.9, 9.14 and 9.27 exhibit high affinity to molecular targets 5-HT1A receptor and SERT protein. In general, compounds with an unsubstituted or a para-substituted benzene ring of the pyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidine residue in the terminal part were characterized by higher binding ability, which can be justified by the greater flexibility of the structure. For the selected compounds 9.1, 9.7, 9.9 and 9.27, further in vitro, in vivo and metabolic stability tests were performed. The in vitro studies in the extended receptor profile (D2, 5-HT2A, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7) indicated their selectivity toward the 5-HT1A receptor and SERT protein. The in vivo studies (8-OH-DPAT-induced hypothermia in mice, FST) revealed that the compound 9.1 has the properties of presynaptic agonist of the 5-HT1A receptor, and compound 9.7 demonstrated the properties of a presynaptic antagonist of the 5-HT1A receptor. Metabolic stability studies, in turn, showed that compounds 9.1, 9.7 and 9.9, having an unsubstituted indole residue, were more resistant to biotransformation reactions of the first pass phase than was compound 9.27 containing a 5-methoxy-substituted indole residue. The obtained results allowed further optimization of the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Ślifirski
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1, Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Król
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1, Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Kleps
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1, Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Ulenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107, J. Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Belka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107, J. Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107, J. Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12, Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stachowicz
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12, Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12, Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12, Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9, Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bojarski
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12, Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna E Kozioł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej Sq., 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Turło
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1, Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Franciszek Herold
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1, Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Loss of Adult 5-HT1A Autoreceptors Results in a Paradoxical Anxiogenic Response to Antidepressant Treatment. J Neurosci 2018; 39:1334-1346. [PMID: 30552180 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0352-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are first-line antidepressants but require several weeks to elicit their actions. Chronic SSRI treatment induces desensitization of 5-HT1A autoreceptors to enhance 5-HT neurotransmission. Mice (both sexes) with gene deletion of 5-HT1A autoreceptors in adult 5-HT neurons (1AcKO) were tested for response to SSRIs. Tamoxifen-induced recombination in adult 1AcKO mice specifically reduced 5-HT1A autoreceptor levels. The 1AcKO mice showed a loss of 5-HT1A autoreceptor-mediated hypothermia and electrophysiological responses, but no changes in anxiety- or depression-like behavior. Subchronic fluoxetine (FLX) treatment induced an unexpected anxiogenic effect in 1AcKO mice in the novelty suppressed feeding and elevated plus maze tests, as did escitalopram in the novelty suppressed feeding test. No effect was seen in wild-type (WT) mice. Subchronic FLX increased 5-HT metabolism in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and raphe of 1AcKO but not WT mice, suggesting hyperactivation of 5-HT release. To detect chronic cellular activation, FosB+ cells were quantified. FosB+ cells were reduced in entorhinal cortex and hippocampus (CA2/3) and increased in dorsal raphe 5-HT cells of 1AcKO mice, suggesting increased raphe activation. In WT but not 1AcKO mice, FLX reduced FosB+ cells in the median raphe, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and median septum, which receive rich 5-HT projections. Thus, in the absence of 5-HT1A autoreceptors, SSRIs induce a paradoxical anxiogenic response. This may involve imbalance in activation of dorsal and median raphe to regulate septohippocampal or fimbria-fornix pathways. These results suggest that markedly reduced 5-HT1A autoreceptors may provide a marker for aberrant response to SSRI treatment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are effective in treating anxiety and depression in humans and mouse models. However, in some cases, SSRIs can increase anxiety, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. Here we show that, rather than enhancing SSRI benefits, adulthood knockout (KO) of the 5-HT1A autoreceptor, a critical negative regulator of 5-HT activity, results in an SSRI-induced anxiety effect that appears to involve a hyperactivation of the 5-HT system in certain brain areas. Thus, subjects with very low levels of 5-HT1A autoreceptors, such as during childhood or adolescence, may be at risk for an SSRI-induced anxiety response.
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Imaging correlates of behavioral impairments: An experimental PET study in the rat pilocarpine epilepsy model. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 118:9-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Han JH, Shin MS, Lee JM, Kim TW, Jin JJ, Ko IG, Kim SE, Kim CJ, Kim M, Roh JH, Kim KH. Long-term chemical castration induces depressive symptoms by suppressing serotonin expression in rats. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2018.1427626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mal-Soon Shin
- School of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Jang Jin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mia Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases (Stroke Center), College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hwan Roh
- Department of Urology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Khae Hawn Kim
- Department of Urology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The role of serotonin in major depressive disorder (MDD) is the focus of accumulating clinical and preclinical research. The results of these studies reflect the complexity of serotonin signaling through many receptors, in a large number of brain regions, and throughout the lifespan. The role of the serotonin transporter in MDD has been highlighted in gene by environment association studies as well as its role as a critical player in the mechanism of the most effective antidepressant treatments – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. While the majority of the 15 known receptors for serotonin have been implicated in depression or depressive-like behavior, the serotonin 1A (5-HT
1A) and 1B (5-HT
1B) receptors are among the most studied. Human brain imaging and genetic studies point to the involvement of 5-HT
1A and 5-HT
1B receptors in MDD and the response to antidepressant treatment. In rodents, the availability of tissue-specific and inducible knockout mouse lines has made possible the identification of the involvement of 5-HT
1A and 5-HT
1B receptors throughout development and in a cell-type specific manner. This, and other preclinical pharmacology work, shows that autoreceptor and heteroreceptor populations of these receptors have divergent roles in modulating depression-related behavior as well as responses to antidepressants and also have different functions during early postnatal development compared to during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Nautiyal
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - René Hen
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NY, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Columbia University, NY, USA
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Alterations in the neuropeptide galanin system in major depressive disorder involve levels of transcripts, methylation, and peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E8472-E8481. [PMID: 27940914 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617824113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a substantial burden to patients, families, and society, but many patients cannot be treated adequately. Rodent experiments suggest that the neuropeptide galanin (GAL) and its three G protein-coupled receptors, GAL1-3, are involved in mood regulation. To explore the translational potential of these results, we assessed the transcript levels (by quantitative PCR), DNA methylation status (by bisulfite pyrosequencing), and GAL peptide by RIA of the GAL system in postmortem brains from depressed persons who had committed suicide and controls. Transcripts for all four members were detected and showed marked regional variations, GAL and galanin receptor 1 (GALR1) being most abundant. Striking increases in GAL and GALR3 mRNA levels, especially in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus and the dorsal raphe nucleus, in parallel with decreased DNA methylation, were found in both male and female suicide subjects as compared with controls. In contrast, GAL and GALR3 transcript levels were decreased, GALR1 was increased, and DNA methylation was increased in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of male suicide subjects, however, there were no changes in the anterior cingulate cortex. Thus, GAL and its receptor GALR3 are differentially methylated and expressed in brains of MDD subjects in a region- and sex-specific manner. Such an epigenetic modification in GALR3, a hyperpolarizing receptor, might contribute to the dysregulation of noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons implicated in the pathogenesis of MDD. Thus, one may speculate that a GAL3 antagonist could have antidepressant properties by disinhibiting the firing of these neurons, resulting in increased release of noradrenaline and serotonin in forebrain areas involved in mood regulation.
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18
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Wang L, Zhou C, Zhu D, Wang X, Fang L, Zhong J, Mao Q, Sun L, Gong X, Xia J, Lian B, Xie P. Serotonin-1A receptor alterations in depression: a meta-analysis of molecular imaging studies. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:319. [PMID: 27623971 PMCID: PMC5022168 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmortem studies of people who have successfully committed suicide and people with depression have implicated the serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor system in the pathophysiology of depression. Several molecular imaging studies have investigated alterations in 5-HT1A receptors in patients with depression using positron emission tomography and have reported conflicting results. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of studies investigating the relationship between depression and 5-HT1A binding. We conducted a comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Springer databases for relevant studies published between January 1999 and October 2015. The meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. RESULTS Ten studies were included, comprising 218 patients with depression and 261 healthy controls. The results of these studies indicated a reduction in 5-HT1A receptors in mesiotemporal cortex, yielding a summary effect estimate of -0.8 (95 % CI -1.36, -0.24). Smaller reductions were reported in 5-HT1A receptor binding in the hippocampus, raphe nuclei, insular, anterior cingulate cortex and occipital cortex of people with depression. No clear effect of depression on 5-HT1A receptors was detected in the amygdala. CONCLUSIONS Reduced 5-HT1A receptor binding was associated with the pathology of depression and predicted altered serotonergic neurotransmission in various brain regions. These findings increase our understanding of the neurophysiological processes underlying depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China ,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China ,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China ,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China ,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China ,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China ,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China ,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China
| | - Xinfa Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China ,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China ,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China ,Department of Neurology, The Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan District Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China ,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China ,Department of Neurology, The Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan District Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaju Zhong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China ,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China ,Department of Neurology, The Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan District Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Mao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China ,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China ,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Gong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China ,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China
| | - Jinjun Xia
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China ,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Lian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China ,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China. .,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China. .,Department of Neurology, The Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, China.
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19
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Galanin (1-15) enhances the antidepressant effects of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT: involvement of the raphe-hippocampal 5-HT neuron system. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 221:4491-4504. [PMID: 26792005 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Galanin N-terminal fragment (1-15) [GAL(1-15)] is associated with depression-related and anxiogenic-like effects in rats. In this study, we analyzed the ability of GAL(1-15) to modulate 5-HT1A receptors (5-HT1AR), a key receptor in depression. GAL(1-15) enhanced the antidepressant effects induced by the 5-HT1AR agonist 8-OH-DPAT in the forced swimming test. These effects were stronger than the ones induced by Galanin (GAL). This action involved interactions at receptor level since GAL(1-15) affected the binding characteristics and the mRNA levels of 5-HT1AR in the dorsal hippocampus and dorsal raphe. The involvement of the GALR2 was demonstrated with the GALR2 antagonist M871. Proximity ligation assay experiments indicated that 5-HT1AR are in close proximity with GALR1 and GALR2 in both regions and in raphe RN33B cells. The current results indicate that GAL(1-15) enhances the antidepressant effects induced by 8-OH-DPAT acting on 5-HT1AR operating as postjunctional or as autoreceptors. These results may give the basis for the development of drugs targeting potential GALR1-GALR2-5-HT1AR heteroreceptor complexes linked to the raphe-hippocampal 5-HT neurons for the treatment of depression.
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20
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Sukhodolskaya EM, Vasilyev VA, Shibalev DV, Shcherbakova OI, Kulikov AM, Lazebny OE, Karelin DV, Butovskaya ML, Ryskov AP. Comparative analysis of polymorphisms of the serotonin receptor genes HTR1A, HTR2A, and HTR1B in Hadza and Datoga males. RUSS J GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795415110162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Enhancement of the FGFR1 signaling in the FGFR1-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complex in midbrain raphe 5-HT neuron systems. Relevance for neuroplasticity and depression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:180-6. [PMID: 25957476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
New findings show existence of FGFR1-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complexes in 5-HT nerve cells of the dorsal and median raphe nuclei of the rat midbrain and hippocampus. Synergistic receptor-receptor interactions in these receptor complexes indicated their enhancing role in hippocampal plasticity. The existence of FGFR1-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complexes also in midbrain raphe 5-HT nerve cells open up the possibility that antidepressant drugs by increasing extracellular 5-HT levels can cause an activation of the FGF-2/FGFR1 mechanism in these nerve cells as well. Therefore, the agonist modulation of the FGFR1-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complexes and their specific role is now determined in rat medullary raphe RN33B cells and in the caudal midline raphe area of the midbrain rich in 5-HT nerve cells. The combined i.c.v. treatment with FGF-2 and the 5-HT1A agonist 8-OHDPAT synergistically increased FGFR1 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the raphe midline area of the midbrain and in the RN33B cells. Cotreatment with FGF2 and the 5-HT1A agonist induced RN33B cell differentiation as seen from development of an increased number and length of extensions per cell and their increased 5-HT immunoreactivity. These signaling and differentiation events were dependent on the receptor interface since they were blocked by incubation with TMV but not by TMII of the 5-HT1A receptor. Taken together, the 5-HT1A autoreceptors by being part of a FGFR1-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complex in the midbrain raphe 5-HT nerve cells appears to have also a trophic role in the central 5-HT neuron systems besides playing a key role in reducing the firing of these neurons.
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22
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Albert PR, Fiori LM. Transcriptional dys-regulation in anxiety and major depression: 5-HT1A gene promoter architecture as a therapeutic opportunity. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 20:3738-50. [PMID: 24180393 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113196660740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of major depression remains unclear, but reduced activity of the serotonin (5-HT) system remains implicated and treatments that increase 5-HT neurotransmission can ameliorate depressive symptoms. 5-HT1A receptors are critical regulators of the 5- HT system. They are expressed as both presynaptic autoreceptors that negatively regulate 5-HT neurons, and as post-synaptic heteroreceptors on non-serotonergic neurons in the hippocampus, cortex, and limbic system that are critical to mediate the antidepressant actions of 5-HT. Thus, 5-HT1A auto- and heteroreceptors have opposite actions on serotonergic neurotransmission. Because most 5-HT1A ligands target both auto- and heteroreceptors their efficacy has been limited, resulting in weak or unclear responses. We propose that by understanding the transcriptional regulation of the 5-HT1A receptor it may be possible to regulate its expression differentially in raphe and projection regions. Here we review the transcriptional architecture of the 5-HT1A gene (HTR1A) with a focus on specific DNA elements and transcription factors that have been shown to regulate 5-HT1A receptor expression in the brain. Association studies with the functional HTR1A promoter polymorphism rs6295 suggest a new model for the role of the 5-HT1A receptor in susceptibility to depression involving early deficits in cognitive, fear and stress reactivity as stressors that may ultimately lead to depression. We present evidence that by targeting specific transcription factors it may be possible to oppositely regulate 5-HT1A auto- and heteroreceptor expression, synergistically increasing serotonergic neurotransmission for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura M Fiori
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H-8M5.
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23
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Samuels BA, Mendez-David I, Faye C, David SA, Pierz KA, Gardier AM, Hen R, David DJ. Serotonin 1A and Serotonin 4 Receptors: Essential Mediators of the Neurogenic and Behavioral Actions of Antidepressants. Neuroscientist 2014; 22:26-45. [PMID: 25488850 DOI: 10.1177/1073858414561303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the mostly widely used treatment for major depressive disorders and also are prescribed for several anxiety disorders. However, similar to most antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors suffer from two major problems: They only show beneficial effects after 2 to 4 weeks and only about 33% of patients show remission to first-line treatment. Thus, there is a considerable need for development of more effective antidepressants. There is a growing body of evidence supporting critical roles of 5-HT1A and 5-HT4 receptor subtypes in mediating successful depression treatments. In addition, appropriate activation of these receptors may be associated with a faster onset of the therapeutic response. This review will examine the known roles of 5-HT1A and 5-HT4 receptors in mediating both the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety and the treatment of these mood disorders. At the end of the review, the role of these receptors in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis will also be discussed. Ultimately, we propose that novel antidepressant drugs that selectively target these serotonin receptors could be developed to yield improvements over current treatments for major depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Adam Samuels
- Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Indira Mendez-David
- EA3544 "Pharmacologie des troubles anxio-depressifs et Neurogenese", Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 5 Rue J-B Clement, Tour D1, 2e etage, F-92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Charlène Faye
- EA3544 "Pharmacologie des troubles anxio-depressifs et Neurogenese", Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 5 Rue J-B Clement, Tour D1, 2e etage, F-92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | | | | | - Alain M Gardier
- EA3544 "Pharmacologie des troubles anxio-depressifs et Neurogenese", Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 5 Rue J-B Clement, Tour D1, 2e etage, F-92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - René Hen
- Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denis J David
- EA3544 "Pharmacologie des troubles anxio-depressifs et Neurogenese", Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 5 Rue J-B Clement, Tour D1, 2e etage, F-92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
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24
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Narvaez M, Pérez-Alea M, Tarakanov AO, Jiménez-Beristain A, Mudó G, Agnati LF, Ciruela F, Belluardo N, Fuxe K. Evidence for the existence of FGFR1-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complexes in the midbrain raphe 5-HT system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:489-93. [PMID: 25485703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ascending midbrain 5-HT neurons known to contain 5-HT1A autoreceptors may be dysregulated in depression due to a reduced trophic support. With in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) and supported by co-location of the FGFR1 and 5-HT1A immunoreactivities in midbrain raphe 5-HT cells, evidence for the existence of FGFR1-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complexes were obtained in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei of the Sprague-Dawley rat. Their existence in the rat medullary raphe RN33B cell cultures was also established. After combined FGF-2 and 8-OH-DPAT treatment, a marked and significant increase in PLA positive clusters was found in the RN33B cells. Similar results were reached upon coactivation by agonists in HEK293T cells using the Fluorescent Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) technique resulting in increased FRETmax and reduced FRET50 values. The heteroreceptor complex formation was dependent on TMV of the 5-HT1A receptor since it was blocked by incubation with TMV but not with TMII. Taken together, the 5-HT1A autoreceptors by being recruited into a FGFR1-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complex in the midbrain raphe 5-HT nerve cells may develop a novel function, namely a trophic role in many midbrain 5-HT neuron systems originating from the dorsal and medianus raphe nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Narvaez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain.
| | - Mileidys Pérez-Alea
- Lab Animal Models and Cancer Laboratory Anatomy Pathology Program, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alexander O Tarakanov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | | | - Giuseppa Mudó
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Luigi F Agnati
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Natale Belluardo
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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25
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Yates JR, Perry JL, Meyer AC, Gipson CD, Charnigo R, Bardo MT. Role of medial prefrontal and orbitofrontal monoamine transporters and receptors in performance in an adjusting delay discounting procedure. Brain Res 2014; 1574:26-36. [PMID: 24928616 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Performance in an adjusting delay discounting procedure is predictive of drug abuse vulnerability; however, the shared underlying specific prefrontal neural systems linking delay discounting and increased addiction-like behaviors are unclear. Rats received direct infusions of methylphenidate (MPH; 6.25, 25.0, or 100μg), amphetamine (AMPH; 0.25, 1.0, or 4.0μg), or atomoxetine (ATO; 1.0, 4.0, or 16.0μg) into either medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) or orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) immediately prior to performance in an adjusting delay task. These drugs were examined because they are efficacious in treating impulse control disorders. Because dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) receptors are implicated in impulsive behavior, separate groups of rats received microinfusions of the DA receptor-selective drugs SKF 81297 (0.1 or 0.4µg), SCH 23390 (0.25 or 1.0µg), quinpirole (1.25 or 5.0µg), and eticlopride (0.25 or 1.0µg), or received microinfusions of the 5-HT receptor-selective drugs 8-OH-DPAT (0.025 or 0.1μg), WAY 100635 (0.01 or 0.04μg), DOI (2.5 or 10.0μg), and ketanserin (0.1 or 0.4μg). Impulsive choice was not altered significantly by MPH, AMPH, or ATO into either mPFC or OFC, indicating that neither of these prefrontal regions alone may mediate the systemic effect of ADHD medications on impulsive choice. However, quinpriole (1.25μg) and eticlopride infused into mPFC increased impulsive choice, whereas 8-OH-DPAT infused into OFC decreased impulsive choice. These latter results demonstrate that blockade of DA D2 receptors in mPFC or activation of 5-HT1A receptors in OFC increases impulsive choice in the adjusting delay procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Yates
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Center for Drug Abuse Research Translation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jennifer L Perry
- Department of Psychology, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, MI 49006, USA
| | - Andrew C Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington VT 05401, USA
| | - Cassandra D Gipson
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Richard Charnigo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Center for Drug Abuse Research Translation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Michael T Bardo
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Center for Drug Abuse Research Translation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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26
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Goel N, Innala L, Viau V. Sex differences in serotonin (5-HT) 1A receptor regulation of HPA axis and dorsal raphe responses to acute restraint. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 40:232-41. [PMID: 24485495 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin (5-HT) 1A receptor subtype has been implicated as an important mediator for the stimulatory influence of serotonin on stress hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity, at least in males. Females show greater HPA axis responses to stress compared to males. To determine the nature by which the 5-HT 1A receptor contributes to the sex difference in stress, we examined neuroendocrine and cellular (Fos) responses in male and female rats receiving systemic injections of the 5-HT 1A receptor antagonist, WAY 100635, prior to acute restraint exposure. WAY decreased the corticosterone response in males, but not in females. In the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH), WAY produced similar decrements in the restraint-induced activation (Fos) of neuroendocrine neurons in males and females. In contrast to the PVH, WAY administration increased total Fos activation in the dorsal raphe nucleus, but only in males. WAY also provoked higher Fos responses within subsets of dorsal raphe cells identified as serotonergic (tryptophan hydroxylase-, TPH-ir) in both males and females. These data provide evidence to suggest a differential influence of presynaptic 5-HT 1A receptors to regulate the stress-induced recruitment of non-serotonergic dorsal raphe neurons in males and females. At present, we cannot rule out a possible role for estrogen in females to alter 5-HT outflow to the HPA axis. There was a negative correlation between estrogen and Fos responses within TPH-positive cells in the dorsal raphe of WAY-administered females, whereas a positive correlation was found between estrogen and 5-HT 1A mRNA expression localized to the region of the zona incerta in close proximity to the PVH. As the raphe complex and 5-HT system impinge on several central autonomic, behavioral and neuroendocrine control systems, the current findings provide an important framework for future studies directed at sex differences in adaptive homeostatic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupa Goel
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Leyla Innala
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Victor Viau
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3.
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Garcia-Garcia A, Tancredi AN, Leonardo ED. 5-HT(1A) [corrected] receptors in mood and anxiety: recent insights into autoreceptor versus heteroreceptor function. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:623-36. [PMID: 24337875 PMCID: PMC3927969 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission is intimately linked to anxiety and depression and a diverse body of evidence supports the involvement of the main inhibitory serotonergic receptor, the serotonin-1A (5-HT(1A)) subtype, in both disorders. OBJECTIVES In this review, we examine the function of 5-HT(1A) receptor subpopulations and re-interpret our understanding of their role in mental illness in light of new data, separating both spatial (autoreceptor versus heteroreceptor) and the temporal (developmental versus adult) roles of the endogenous 5-HT(1A) receptors, emphasizing their distinct actions in mediating anxiety and depression-like behaviors. RESULTS It is difficult to unambiguously distinguish the effects of different populations of the 5-HT(1A) receptors with traditional genetic animal models and pharmacological approaches. However, with the advent of novel genetic systems and subpopulation-selective pharmacological agents, direct evidence for the distinct roles of these populations in governing emotion-related behavior is emerging. CONCLUSIONS There is strong and growing evidence for a functional dissociation between auto- and heteroreceptor populations in mediating anxiety and depressive-like behaviors, respectively. Furthermore, while it is well established that 5-HT(1A) receptors act developmentally to establish normal anxiety-like behaviors, the developmental role of 5-HT(1A) heteroreceptors is less clear, and the specific mechanisms underlying the developmental role of each subpopulation are likely to be key elements determining mood control in adult subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Garcia-Garcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Integrative Neuroscience, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr. Box 87, New York, NY 10032
- Correspondence should be addressed to either AGG at or EDL at , Telephone: (001) 212-543-5266, Fax: (001) 212-543-5129
| | | | - E. David Leonardo
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Integrative Neuroscience, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr. Box 87, New York, NY 10032
- Correspondence should be addressed to either AGG at or EDL at , Telephone: (001) 212-543-5266, Fax: (001) 212-543-5129
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Yu ST, Kim MK, Kim B, Yoo E, Lee JY, Lee KS, Choe AY, Yook KH, Choi TK, Lee SH. The Effects of 5-HTR1A Polymorphism on Cingulum Connectivity in Patients with Panic Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2013; 10:399-406. [PMID: 24474990 PMCID: PMC3902159 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2013.10.4.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serotonin-1A receptors (5-HTR1A) is suggested to be involved in the etiology of several psychiatric disorders including panic disorder (PD). A few imaging studies have suggested the alterations of the cingulum bundle in PD. The objective of this study is to examine the structural changes of cingulum related to the 5-HTR1A polymorphism rs6295 in the patients with PD. METHODS Thirty-two right-handed patients with PD [11 men, 21 women; 40.34±13.17 (mean±SD) age] who met the diagnostic criteria in Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV were examined by means of MRI at 3 Tesla. We divided the patients with PD into CC genotype group and non CC genotype group (GG/CG genotype group) of the 5-HTR1A rs6295 polymorphism to compare the cingulum white matter connectivity. RESULTS Tract-based spatial statistics showed significantly increased fractional anisotropy (FA) values in cingulate gyrus process of left cingulum in 5-HTR1A CC genotype compared to GG/CG genotype in PD. Significant positive correlations were shown between the Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire (APPQ) interoceptive fear subscale scores, the Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory-Revised fear of publicly observable anxiety reaction subscale scores and FA values of cingulate gyrus process of left cingulum in 5-HTR1A rs6295 GG/CG genotype group. In CC genotype group, APPQ total, APPQ agoraphobia subscale and APPQ social phobia subscale scores also showed significant positive correlations with FA values of hippocampal process of right cingulum. CONCLUSION This preliminary study suggests that 5-HTR1A polymorphism may be associated with the cingulum white matter connectivity in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Taek Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Borah Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Yoo
- Department of Radiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeob Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Gumi Medical Center, CHA University, Gumi, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Soo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Choe
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hwan Yook
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Kiu Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Moreno-Ramos OA, Lattig MC, González Barrios AF. Modeling of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis-mediated interaction between the serotonin regulation pathway and the stress response using a Boolean approximation: a novel study of depression. Theor Biol Med Model 2013; 10:59. [PMID: 24093582 PMCID: PMC3856587 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-10-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifactorial disorder known to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. MDD presents a heritability of 37%, and a genetic contribution has also been observed in studies of family members of individuals with MDD that imply that the probability of suffering the disorder is approximately three times higher if a first-degree family member is affected. Childhood maltreatment and stressful life events (SLEs) have been established as critical environmental factors that profoundly influence the onset of MDD. The serotonin pathway has been a strong candidate for genetic studies, but it only explains a small proportion of the heritability of the disorder, which implies the involvement of other pathways. The serotonin (5-HT) pathway interacts with the stress response pathway in a manner mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. To analyze the interaction between the pathways, we propose the use of a synchronous Boolean network (SBN) approximation. The principal aim of this work was to model the interaction between these pathways, taking into consideration the presence of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), in order to observe how the pathways interact and to examine if the system is stable. Additionally, we wanted to study which genes or metabolites have the greatest impact on model stability when knocked out in silico. We observed that the biological model generated predicts steady states (attractors) for each of the different runs performed, thereby proving that the system is stable. These attractors changed in shape, especially when anti-depressive drugs were also included in the simulation. This work also predicted that the genes with the greatest impact on model stability were those involved in the neurotrophin pathway, such as CREB, BDNF (which has been associated with major depressive disorder in a variety of studies) and TRkB, followed by genes and metabolites related to 5-HT synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Andrés Moreno-Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Genética Humana, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1a No. 18 A 12 Ed M1, Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 Este 19 A 40 Ed. Mario Laserna, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maria Claudia Lattig
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Genética Humana, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1a No. 18 A 12 Ed M1, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrés Fernando González Barrios
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 Este 19 A 40 Ed. Mario Laserna, Bogotá, Colombia
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Levin GM, Bowles TM, Ehret MJ, Langaee T, Tan JY, Johnson JA, Millard WJ. Assessment of Human Serotonin 1A Receptor Polymorphisms and SSRI Responsiveness. Mol Diagn Ther 2012; 11:155-60. [PMID: 17570737 DOI: 10.1007/bf03256237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is thought to involve, in part, dysregulation of serotonergic neurotransmission. In depressed individuals, the number of serotonin receptors, including the 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)-1A (5-HT(1A)) autoreceptors, are increased. Clinical improvement with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is not usually observed until several weeks after treatment initiation. This delay may be due to the time it takes for the autoreceptors to downregulate. Roughly one-third of patients with depression do not respond to an initial trial of antidepressant medication treatment, possibly as a result of structural variations in the 5-HT(1A) receptor. AIMS This study was designed to determine the allelic frequency of seven 5-HT(1A) receptor polymorphisms in a depressed versus a nondepressed population, and in SSRI responders versus nonresponders. All the polymorphisms studied are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HTR1A gene, which encodes 5-HT(1A). Seven prevalent SNPs were included in the analysis. RESULTS The study showed no relationship between any of the HTR1A polymorphisms and SSRI responders versus nonresponders. CONCLUSION While the study has several limitations, the results are consistent with a growing body of literature that suggests that the pharmacogenetics of depression (an inherently complex disorder) may turn out to be multifactorial, and may include the HTR1A gene in concert with other serotonin-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M Levin
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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Mickle A, Kannampalli P, Bruckert M, Miranda A, Banerjee B, Sengupta JN. Pronociceptive effect of 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist on visceral pain involves spinal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Neuroscience 2012; 219:243-54. [PMID: 22626644 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The functional role of serotonergic 5-HT(1A) receptors in the modulation of visceral pain is controversial. The objective of this study was to systematically examine the mechanism and site of action of a selective 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin (DPAT) on visceral pain. In the behavioral model of visceral pain, systemic injection (5-250 μg/kg) of DPAT produced a significant increase in the viscero-motor response (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD) and this effect was blocked by the selective 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist WAY-100135 (5 mg/kg, s.c.). Similarly, intrathecal (i.t.) injection (5 μmol) of DPAT into the lumbo-sacral (L6-S1) spinal cord produced a significant increase in VMR. The administration of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist AP5 (50 μg/kg) prior to DPAT injection completely blocked the pronociceptive effect of DPAT. Similarly, DPAT failed to increase VMR in rats chronically treated with NR1 subunit-targeted antisense oligonucleotide (ON), whereas the drug increased VMR in rats treated with mismatched-ON. Chronic i.t. injection of allylglycine (AG), a γ-amino decarboxylase (GAD) enzyme inhibitor, produced significant increase in VMRs, suggesting that the inhibition of GABA synthesis produces pronociception. In AG-treated rats, i.t. injection of DPAT failed to further increase in VMR, suggesting that the DPAT action is linked to GABA release. Similarly, WAY-100135 failed to attenuate VMR in AG-treated rats, suggesting that unlike DPAT, AG action is not via the activation of 5-HT(1A) receptors. In electrophysiology experiments, DPAT (50 μg/kg) significantly increased the responses of spinal neurons to CRD, but did not influence the mechanotransduction property of CRD-sensitive pelvic nerve afferent fibers. The effect of DPAT on spinal neurons remained unaffected when tested in spinal-transected (C1-C2) rats. These results indicate that the 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist DPAT produces pronociceptive effects, primarily via the activation of presynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors in GABAergic neuron to restrict GABA release and thereby disinhibits the excitatory glutamatergic neurons in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mickle
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Malaguti A, Rossini D, Lucca A, Magri L, Lorenzi C, Pirovano A, Colombo C, Smeraldi E, Zanardi R. Role of COMT, 5-HT(1A) , and SERT genetic polymorphisms on antidepressant response to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Depress Anxiety 2011; 28:568-73. [PMID: 21449006 DOI: 10.1002/da.20815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is an effective technique in the treatment of depression, specifically in drug-resistant patients. However, there is little data available on the influence of genetic variables on TMS response. METHODS We analyzed the role of three genetic polymorphisms that affected the antidepressant response: serotonin transporter promoter region (SERTPR) polymorphism, 5-HT(1A) serotonergic receptor promoter region polymorphism (rs6295), and the coding region of COMT gene polymorphism (rs4680). Ninety patients with a major depressive drug-resistant episode due to a Major Depressive Disorder or to a Bipolar Disorder were included in our study. Patients underwent high frequency TMS, focused on the left prefrontal cortex, for 2 weeks. At study completion, the response rate was 45.5%. Effects of gene polymorphisms on clinical improvement were analyzed with an analysis of variance with each gene (SERTPR, 5-HT(1A) , and COMT) as factors and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression variation from baseline to the end of the treatment as a dependent variable. RESULTS We found a significant model in which three factors were not significant (diagnosis, COMT, and SERTPR), whereas factor 5-HT(1A) showed a significant influence on the outcome, with patients with C/C genotype showing a greater improvement than G/G and C/G and no difference between G/G and C/G. CONCLUSION According to our data, 5-HT(1A) polymorphism may play a role in influencing TMS response. The effect of COMT and SERTPR did not reach statistical significance. The analysis of these and other candidate genes in larger samples could help explain genetic influence on TMS response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Malaguti
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Clinical Neurosciences Department, Milan, Italy
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Albert PR, Le François B, Millar AM. Transcriptional dysregulation of 5-HT1A autoreceptors in mental illness. Mol Brain 2011; 4:21. [PMID: 21619616 PMCID: PMC3130656 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-4-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor is among the most abundant and widely distributed 5-HT receptors in the brain, but is also expressed on serotonin neurons as an autoreceptor where it plays a critical role in regulating the activity of the entire serotonin system. Over-expression of the 5-HT1A autoreceptor has been implicated in reducing serotonergic neurotransmission, and is associated with major depression and suicide. Extensive characterization of the transcriptional regulation of the 5-HT1A gene (HTR1A) using cell culture systems has revealed a GC-rich "housekeeping" promoter that non-selectively drives its expression; this is flanked by a series of upstream repressor elements for REST, Freud-1/CC2D1A and Freud-2/CC2D1B factors that not only restrict its expression to neurons, but may also regulate the level of expression of 5-HT1A receptors in various subsets of neurons, including serotonergic neurons. A separate set of allele-specific factors, including Deaf1, Hes1 and Hes5 repress at the HTR1A C(-1019)G (rs6295) polymorphism in serotonergic neurons in culture, as well as in vivo. Pet1, an obligatory enhancer for serotonergic differentiation, has been identified as a potent activator of 5-HT1A autoreceptor expression. Taken together, these results highlight an integrated regulation of 5-HT1A autoreceptors that differs in several aspects from regulation of post-synaptic 5-HT1A receptors, and could be selectively targeted to enhance serotonergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Albert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Ettenberg A, Ofer OA, Mueller CL, Waldroup S, Cohen A, Ben-Shahar O. Inactivation of the dorsal raphé nucleus reduces the anxiogenic response of rats running an alley for intravenous cocaine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 97:632-9. [PMID: 21108959 PMCID: PMC3026432 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rats traversing a straight alley once a day for delivery of a single i.v. injection of cocaine develop over trials an ambivalence about entering the goal box. This ambivalence is characterized by the increasing occurrence of "retreat behaviors" where animals leave the start box and run quickly to the goal box, but then stop at the entry point and "retreat" back toward the start box. This unique pattern of retreat behavior has been shown to reflect a form of "approach-avoidance conflict" that stems from the animals' concurrent positive (cocaine reward) and negative (cocaine-induced anxiety) associations with the goal box. Cocaine blocks reuptake of the serotonergic (5-HT) transporter and serotonin has been implicated in the modulation of anxiety. It was therefore of interest to determine whether inactivation of the serotonergic cell bodies residing in the dorsal raphé nucleus (DRN) and projecting to brain areas critical for the modulation of anxiety, would alter the anxiogenic state exhibited by rats running an alley for single daily i.v. injections of 1.0mg/kg cocaine. Reversible inactivation of the DRN was accomplished by intracranial application of a mixed solution of the GABA agonists baclofen and muscimol. While DRN inactivation had no impact on the subjects' motivation to initiate responding (i.e., latencies to leave the start box were unaffected) it reliably reduced the frequency of approach-avoidance retreat behaviors (conflict behavior). These data suggest that inactivation of the dorsal raphé reduces the conflict/anxiety otherwise present in experienced cocaine-seeking animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Ettenberg
- Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93109-9660, USA.
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Kishi T, Okochi T, Tsunoka T, Okumura T, Kitajima T, Kawashima K, Yamanouchi Y, Kinoshita Y, Naitoh H, Inada T, Kunugi H, Kato T, Yoshikawa T, Ujike H, Ozaki N, Iwata N. Serotonin 1A receptor gene, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: an association study and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2011; 185:20-6. [PMID: 20594600 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several investigations have reported associations between serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor and major psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BP), making the 5-HT1A receptor gene (HTR1A) a good candidate gene for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and BP. To evaluate the association between HTR1A and schizophrenia and BP, we conducted a case-control study of Japanese population samples with two single- nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs6295 (C-1019G) in HTR1A. In addition, we conducted a meta-analysis of rs6295, which has been examined in other studies. Using one functional single- nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs6295) and one tagging SNP (rs878567), we conducted a genetic association analysis of case-control samples (857 schizophrenic patients, 1028 BP patients and 1810 controls) in the Japanese population. Two association studies for schizophrenia and three association studies for BP, including this study, met our criteria for the meta-analysis of rs6295. We found an association between HTR1A and Japanese BP in a haplotype-wise analysis, the significance of which remained after Bonferroni correction. In addition, we detected an association between rs6295 and BP in the meta-analysis (fixed model: P(Z)=0.000400). However, we did not detect an association between HTR1A and schizophrenia in the allele/genotype-wise, haplotype-wise or meta-analysis. HTR1A may play an important role in the pathophysiology of BP, but not schizophrenia in the Japanese population. In the meta-analysis, rs6295 in HTR1A was associated with BP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
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Huo FQ, Huang FS, Lv BC, Chen T, Feng J, Qu CL, Tang JS, Li YQ. Activation of serotonin 1A receptors in ventrolateral orbital cortex depresses persistent nociception: A presynaptic inhibition mechanism. Neurochem Int 2010; 57:749-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Agonist-dependent modulation of G-protein coupling and transduction of 5-HT1A receptors in rat dorsal raphe nucleus. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2010; 13:835-43. [PMID: 19895724 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145709990940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
5-HT1A receptors couple to different Go/Gi proteins in order to mediate a wide range of physiological actions. While activation of post-synaptic 5-HT1A receptors is mainly related to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity, functionality of autoreceptors located in raphe nuclei has been classically ascribed to modifications of the activity of potassium and calcium channels. In order to evaluate the possible existence of agonist-directed trafficking for 5-HT1A autoreceptors in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus, we studied their activation by two agonists with a different profile of efficacy [(+)8-OH-DPAT and buspirone], addressing simultaneously the identification of the specific Galpha subtypes ([35S]GTPgammaS labelling and immunoprecipitation) involved and the subsequent changes in cAMP formation. A significant increase (32%, p<0.05) in (+)8-OH-DPAT-induced [35S]GTPgammaS labelling of immunoprecipitates was obtained with anti-Galphai3 antibodies but not with anti-Galphao, anti-Galphai1, anti-Galphai2, anti-Galphaz or anti-Galphas antibodies. In contrast, in the presence of buspirone, significant [35S]GTPgammaS labelling of immunoprecipitates was obtained with anti-Galphai3 (50%, p<0.01), anti-Galphao (32%, p<0.01) and anti-Galphai2 (29%, p<0.05) antibodies, without any labelling with anti-Galphai1, anti-Galphaz or anti-Galphas. The selective 5-HT1A antagonist WAY 100635 blocked the labelling induced by both agonists. Furthermore, (+)8-OH-DPAT failed to modify forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation, while buspirone induced a dose-dependent, WAY 100635-sensitive, inhibition of this response (Imax 30.8+/-4.9, pIC50 5.95+/-0.46). These results demonstrate the existence of an agonist-dependency pattern of G-protein coupling and transduction for 5-HT1A autoreceptors in native brain tissue. These data also open new perspectives for the understanding of the differential profiles of agonist efficacy in pre- vs. post-synaptic 5-HT1A receptor-associated responses.
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Albert PR, François BL. Modifying 5-HT1A Receptor Gene Expression as a New Target for Antidepressant Therapy. Front Neurosci 2010; 4:35. [PMID: 20661455 PMCID: PMC2907233 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2010.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression is the most common form of mental illness, and is treated with antidepressant compounds that increase serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission. Increased 5-HT1A autoreceptor levels in the raphe nuclei act as a “brake” to inhibit the 5-HT system, leading to depression and resistance to antidepressants. Several 5-HT1A receptor agonists (buspirone, flesinoxan, ipsapirone) that preferentially desensitize 5-HT1A autoreceptors have been tested for augmentation of antidepressant drugs with mixed results. One explanation could be the presence of the C(−1019)G 5-HT1A promoter polymorphism that prevents gene repression of the 5-HT1A autoreceptor. Furthermore, down-regulation of 5-HT1A autoreceptor expression, not simply desensitization of receptor signaling, appears to be required to enhance and accelerate antidepressant action. The current review focuses on the transcriptional regulators of 5-HT1A autoreceptor expression, their roles in permitting response to 5-HT1A-targeted treatments and their potential as targets for new antidepressant compounds for treatment-resistant depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Albert
- Department of Neuroscience, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Kishi T, Tsunoka T, Ikeda M, Kitajima T, Kawashima K, Okochi T, Okumura T, Yamanouchi Y, Kinoshita Y, Ujike H, Inada T, Yamada M, Uchimura N, Sora I, Iyo M, Ozaki N, Iwata N. Serotonin 1A receptor gene is associated with Japanese methamphetamine-induced psychosis patients. Neuropharmacology 2010; 58:452-6. [PMID: 19747927 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
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Overstreet DH, Fredericks K, Knapp D, Breese G, McMichael J. Nerve growth factor (NGF) has novel antidepressant-like properties in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2009; 94:553-60. [PMID: 19945476 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor, a neurotrophin, may have other functions, including a role in depressive disorders. The present study sought to determine whether NGF would (1) have antidepressant-like effects and (2) behave similarly to or differently from other well-recognized antidepressants. Over a broad dose-range, NGF reduced the exaggerated swim test immobility exhibited by the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats, but at a standard dose of 40 ng/ml, it was not as effective as desipramine (DMI, 5 mg/kg). The low social interaction behavior and locomotor activity of the FSL rats were less affected by NGF than was the immobility. Acute treatment with NGF did not induce c-fos expression in brain regions known to be activated by other acute antidepressants. The fact that chronic treatment with DMI blunted the corticosterone response to fluoxetine was replicated in this study. However, chronic treatment with NGF did not alter this response. Similarly, chronic treatment with fluoxetine blunted 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptor-mediated responses, whereas chronic treatment with NGF was without effect. Thus, NGF has antidepressant-like effects but does not appear to have biochemical actions typical of other antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Overstreet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7178, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7178, USA.
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Serotonin 1A receptor gene and major depressive disorder: an association study and meta-analysis. J Hum Genet 2009; 54:629-33. [PMID: 19730445 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2009.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Several genetic studies have shown an association between the 5-HT1A receptor gene (HTR1A) and major depressive disorder (MDD); however, results have been rather inconsistent. Moreover, to our knowledge, no association study on HTR1A and MDD in the Japanese population has been reported. Therefore, to evaluate the association between HTR1A and MDD, we conducted a case-control study of Japanese population samples with two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs6295 (C-1019G) in HTR1A. In addition, we conducted a meta-analysis of rs6295, which has been examined in other papers. Using one functional SNP (rs6295) and one tagging SNP (rs878567) selected with the HapMap database, we conducted a genetic association analysis of case-control samples (331 patients with MDD and 804 controls) in the Japanese population. Seven population-based association studies, including this study, met our criteria for the meta-analysis of rs6295. We found an association between rs878567 and Japanese MDD patients in the allele-wise analysis, but the significance of this association did not remain after Bonferroni's correction. We also did not detect any association between HTR1A and MDD in the allele/genotype-wise or haplotype-wise analysis. On the other hand, we detected an association between rs6295 and MDD in the meta-analysis (P(Z)=0.0327). In an explorative analysis, rs6295 was associated with Asian MDD patients after correction for multiple testing (P(Z)=0.0176), but not with Caucasian MDD patients (P(Z)=0.138). Our results suggest that HTR1A may not have a role in the pathophysiology of Japanese MDD patients. On the other hand, according to the meta-analysis, HTR1A was associated with MDD patients, especially in the Asian population.
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Fonseca FV, Mecawi AS, Araujo IG, Almeida-Pereira G, Magalhães-Nunes AP, Badauê-Passos D, Reis LC. Role of the 5-HT1A somatodendritic autoreceptor in the dorsal raphe nucleus on salt satiety signaling in rats. Exp Neurol 2009; 217:353-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Savitz J, Lucki I, Drevets WC. 5-HT(1A) receptor function in major depressive disorder. Prog Neurobiol 2009; 88:17-31. [PMID: 19428959 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT(1A)) may play a role in the genesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Here we review the pharmacological, post-mortem, positron emission tomography (PET), and genetic evidence in support of this statement. We also touch briefly on two MDD-associated phenotypes, cognitive impairment and somatic pain. The results of pharmacological challenge studies with 5-HT(1A) receptor agonists are indicative of blunted endocrine responses in depressed patients. Lithium, valproate, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and other treatment, such as electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT), all increase post-synaptic 5-HT(1A) receptor signaling through either direct or indirect effects. Reduced somatodendritic and postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptor numbers or affinity have been reported in some post-mortem studies of suicide victims, a result consistent with well-replicated PET analyses demonstrating reduced 5-HT(1A) receptor binding potential in diverse regions such as the dorsal raphe, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), amygdala and hippocampus. 5-HT(1A) receptor knockout (KO) mice display increased anxiety-related behavior, which, unlike in their wild-type counterparts, cannot be rescued with antidepressant drug (AD) treatment. In humans, the G allele of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 5-HT(1A) receptor gene (HTR1A; rs6295), which abrogates a transcription factor binding site for deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor-1 (Deaf-1) and Hes5, has been reported to be over-represented in MDD cases. Conversely, the C allele has been associated with better response to AD drugs. We raise the possibility that 5-HT(1A) receptor dysfunction represents one potential mechanism underpinning MDD and other stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Savitz
- Section on Neuroimaging in Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, NIH/NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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Bethea CL, Centeno ML, Cameron JL. Neurobiology of stress-induced reproductive dysfunction in female macaques. Mol Neurobiol 2008; 38:199-230. [PMID: 18931961 PMCID: PMC3266127 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-008-8042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It is now well accepted that stress can precipitate mental and physical illness. However, it is becoming clear that given the same stress, some individuals are very vulnerable and will succumb to illness while others are more resilient and cope effectively, rather than becoming ill. This difference between individuals is called stress sensitivity. Stress sensitivity of an individual appears to be influenced by genetically inherited factors, early life (even prenatal) stress, and by the presence or absence of factors that provide protection from stress. In comparison to other stress-related diseases, the concept of sensitivity versus resilience to stress-induced reproductive dysfunction has received relatively little attention. The studies presented herein were undertaken to begin to identify stable characteristics and the neural underpinnings of individuals with sensitivity to stress-induced reproductive dysfunction. Female cynomolgus macaques with normal menstrual cycles either stop ovulating (stress sensitive) or to continue to ovulate (stress resilient) upon exposure to a combined metabolic and psychosocial stress. However, even in the absence of stress, the stress-sensitive animals have lower secretion of the ovarian steroids, estrogen and progesterone, have higher heart rates, have lower serotonin function, have fewer serotonin neurons and lower expression of pivotal serotonin-related genes, have lower expression of 5HT2A and 2C genes in the hypothalamus, have higher gene expression of GAD67 and CRH in the hypothalamus, and have reduced gonadotropin-releasing hormone transport to the anterior pituitary. Altogether, the results suggest that the neurobiology of reproductive circuits in stress-sensitive individuals is compromised. We speculate that with the application of stress, the dysfunction of these neural systems becomes exacerbated and reproductive function ceases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Bethea
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
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Abstract
Recent findings in animal models of paraplegia suggest that specific nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytics may temporarily restore locomotor functions after spinal cord injury (SCI). Experiments using in vitro models have revealed, indeed, that selective serotonin receptor (5-HTR) ligands such as 5-HTR(1A) agonists, known as relatively safe anxiolytics, can acutely elicit episodes of rhythmic neuronal activity refered to as fictive locomotion in isolated spinal cord preparations. Along the same line, in vivo studies have recently shown that this subclass of anxiolytics can induce, shortly after systemic administration (eg, orally or subcutaneously), some locomotor-like hindlimb movements during 45-60 minutes in completely spinal cord-transected (Tx) rodents. Using 'knock-out' mice (eg, 5-HTR(7)-/-) and selective antagonists, it has been clearly established that both 5-HTR(1A) and 5-HTR(7) were critically involved in mediating the pro-locomotor effects induced by 8-OH-DPAT (typically referred to as a 5-HTR(1A) agonist) in Tx animals. Taken together, these in vitro and in vivo data strongly support the idea that 5-HTR(1A) agonists may eventually become constitutive elements of a novel first-in-class combinatorial treatment aimed at periodically inducing short episodes of treadmill stepping in SCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre A Guertin
- Neuroscience Unit, Laval University Medical Center (CHUL), 2705 Laurier Blvd, Neuroscience Unit, RC-9800, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
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Le François B, Czesak M, Steubl D, Albert PR. Transcriptional regulation at a HTR1A polymorphism associated with mental illness. Neuropharmacology 2008; 55:977-85. [PMID: 18639564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor serves as a hub to regulate the activity and actions of the serotonin system, and is expressed both as a presynaptic autoreceptor on raphe neurons, and as a major postsynaptic receptor in hippocampal, cortical, and hypothalamic regions involved in mood, emotion and stress response. As such, the level of expression of 5-HT1A receptors is implicated in the development of anxiety and depression phenotypes. This review focuses on the C(-1019)G (rs6295) promoter polymorphism of the 5-HT1A receptor gene (HTR1A) and its effect on the activity of transcription factors that recognize the C-allele, including Deaf-1, Hes1 and Hes5; its effects on 5-HT1A receptor expression in pre- and postsynaptic areas; as well as its implication in early postnatal development and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus and cortex. Although several studies have now replicated the association of the G-allele with depression, panic disorder, neuroticism, and reduced response to antidepressant or antipsychotic treatment, ethnic, disease and genetic heterogeneity among subjects in different studies may obscure such associations. Gene-gene interaction studies suggest that the 5-HT1A receptor G(-1019) allele is a risk allele which could be used as a marker for depression and related mood disorders. Finally, association of the G(-1019) allele with increased raphe 5-HT1A binding potential, increased amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli, and reduced amygdala volume, particularly in disease states, suggests a functional role for the C(-1019)G site in 5-HT1A receptor dys-regulation and predisposition to mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Le François
- Ottawa Health Research Institute (Neuroscience), University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
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Neurophysiological and neurochemical aspects of the effects of antidepressants and mood stabilizers. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-008-9015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Huo FQ, Qu CL, Li YQ, Tang JS, Jia H. GABAergic modulation is involved in the ventrolateral orbital cortex 5-HT 1A receptor activation-induced antinociception in the rat. Pain 2008; 139:398-405. [PMID: 18579305 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 05/04/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) is a component of an endogenous analgesic system consisting of an ascending pathway from the spinal cord to VLO via the thalamic nucleus submedius (Sm) and a descending pathway relaying in the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). This study examines whether the activation of 5-HT 1A receptors in VLO produces antinociception and whether GABAergic modulation is involved in the VLO 5-HT 1A receptor activation-evoked antinociception. The radiant heat-evoked tail flick (TF) reflex was used as an index of nociceptive response in lightly anesthetized rats. Microinjection of the 5-HT 1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (1.0, 2.0, 5.0 microg) into VLO produced dose-dependent antinociception, which was reversed by the 5-HT 1A receptor antagonist (NAN-190, 20 mug). We also found that VLO application of the GABA A receptor antagonist bicuculline or picrotoxin (100 ng) enhanced the 8-OH-DPAT-induced inhibition of the TF reflex, whereas the GABA A receptor agonist muscimol (250 ng) or THIP (1.0 microg) significantly attenuated the 8-OH-DPAT-induced inhibition. These results suggest that 5-HT 1A receptors are involved in VLO-induced antinociception and that GABAergic disinhibitory mechanisms participate in the 5-HT 1A receptor-mediated effect. These findings provide support for the hypothesis that 5-HT 1A receptor activation may inhibit the inhibitory action of the GABAergic interneurons on the output neurons projecting to PAG leading to activation of the brainstem descending inhibitory system and depression of nociceptive inputs at the spinal cord level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Quan Huo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an Yanta Street, W. 76#, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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Baune B, Hohoff C, Roehrs T, Deckert J, Arolt V, Domschke K. Serotonin receptor 1A −1019C/G variant: Impact on antidepressant pharmacoresponse in melancholic depression? Neurosci Lett 2008; 436:111-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 01/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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