High-nuclearity paramagnetic 3d-metal complexes with oxygen- and nitrogen-donor ligands. Elsevier; 2001. pp. 1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(05)52001-4]

Formation of H-bonding networks in the solid state structure of a trinuclear cobalt(iii/ii/iii) complex with N2O2 donor Schiff base ligand and glutaric acid as bridging co-ligand: synthesis, structure and DFT study

A trinuclear linear mixed-valence centrosymmetric cobalt(iii)-cobalt(ii)-cobalt(iii) complex, [CoII{(μ-L)(μ-Hglu)CoIII(OH2)}2](ClO4)2·6H2O has been synthesized during tetradentate N2O2 donor 'Schiff base' ligand, H2L {N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,3-diaminopropane} and glutaric acid (H2glu) as anionic co-ligand. The complex has been characterized by spectroscopic measurements and its solid state structure has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The supra-molecular assembly formed by the hydrogen bonding interactions in the solid state of the complex has been analysed using DFT calculations.

Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) complexes based on new hybrid imine-pyrazole ligands: structural, spectroscopic, and electronic properties

The present work reports the theoretical investigation of Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) complexes containing Schiff bases (used as ligands) derived from the reaction of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with N-(2-aminoethyl) pyrazoles. The spectral analyses were carried out using infrared, Raman, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Vibrational analyses were performed in order to investigate the mechanisms involving metal-ligand and intra-ligand vibrations and indicated the possibility of charge transfer related to the transitions n[Formula: see text]* and [Formula: see text]*. Structure optimizations and normal coordinate force field calculations were performed via the density functional theory (DFT) method at the HSE06/6-311G(d,p)/LanL2DZ level. A thorough analysis was also conducted regarding the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties and the natural bond orbital (NBO) of the complexes. The results show that these complexes have prospective application as materials for NLO. Furthermore, the NBO analysis confirms the coordination between the lone pair (LP) electrons of the donor atoms (O and N) and the metal acceptors. Finally, studies were conducted regarding the electronic properties of the complexes; among the properties investigated included the frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) and the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), allowing to determine the energy gap and charge distribution.

Discrete unusual mixed-bridged trinuclear CoIII2CoII and pentanuclear NiII coordination complexes supported by a phenolate-based ligand: theoretical and experimental magneto-structural study

We report a combined computational and experimental magnetostructural correlation in trinuclear mixed valence cobalt and pentanuclear nickel complexes.

Antiproliferative Activities of Diimine-Based Mixed Ligand Copper(II) Complexes

A series of Cu(diimine)(X-sal)(NO₃) complexes, where the diimine is either 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and X-sal is a monoanionic halogenated salicylaldehyde (X = Cl, Br, I, or H), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and X-ray crystallography. Penta-coordinate geometries copper(II) were observed for all cases. The influence of the diimine coligands and different halogen atoms on the antiproliferative activities toward human cancer cell lines have been investigated. All Cu(II) complexes were able to induce a loss of A2780 ovarian carcinoma cell viability, with phen derivatives more active than bpy derivatives. In contrast, no in vitro antiproliferative effects were observed against the HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line. These cytotoxicity differences were not due to a different intracellular concentration of the complexes determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. A small effect of different halogen substituents on the phenolic ring was observed, with X = Cl being the most highly active toward A2780 cells among the phen derivatives, while X = Br presented the lowest IC₅₀ in A2780 cells for bpy analogs. Importantly, no reduction in normal primary fibroblasts cell viability was observed in the presence of bpy derivatives (IC₅₀ > 40 μM). Mechanistically, complex 1 seems to induce a stronger apoptotic response with a higher increase in mitochondrial membrane depolarization and an increased level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to complex 3. Together, these data and the low IC₅₀ compared to cisplatin in A2780 ovarian carcinoma cell line demonstrate the potential of these bpy derivatives for further in vivo studies.

Carbonate encapsulation from dissolved atmospheric CO2 into a polyoxovanadate capsule

A fully reduced polyoxovanadate compound [Na₆(H₂O)₂₄][H₈VIV15O₃₆(CO₃)]·3N₂H₄·10H₂O (1) with CO₃²⁻ encapsulation in its internal cavity (from dissolved aerial CO₂ in the synthesis reaction mixture) is reported. Compound 1 crystals, on exposure of HCl vapor, excludes carbonate as a CO₂ gas that can be reacted with a Grignard reagent to produce triphenylcarbinol as a major product.

Magnetic, luminescence, topological and theoretical studies of structurally diverse supramolecular lanthanide coordination polymers with flexible glutaric acid as a linker

This contribution explores the topological, supramolecular, magnetic and luminescent properties of previously unknown CPs, which fall into category of glutarates without auxiliary coligands.

Synthesis and magneto-structural studies on a new family of carbonato bridged 3d–4f complexes featuring a [CoII3LnIII3(CO3)] (Ln = La, Gd, Tb, Dy and Ho) core: slow magnetic relaxation displayed by the cobalt(ii)–dysprosium(iii) analogue

A new series of carbonato-bridged complexes containing a CoII3LnIII3 core have been synthesized.

Inorganic Phosphate and Arsenate within New Tetranuclear Copper and Zinc Complexes: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, Magnetic, Electrochemical, and Thermal Studies

Three, PO₄ ^3-/HPO₄ ^2- and AsO₄ ^3--incorporated, new tetranuclear complexes of copper(II) and zinc(II) ions have been synthesized and fully characterized. In methanol-water, reactions of H₃cpdp (H₃cpdp = N,N'-Bis[2-carboxybenzomethyl]-N,N'-Bis[2-pyridylmethyl]-1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol) with copper(II) chloride in the presence of either NaOH/Na₂HPO₄·2H₂O or KOH/Na₂HAsO₄·7H₂O lead to the isolation of the tetranuclear complexes Na₃[Cu₄(cpdp)₂(μ₄-PO₄)](OH)₂·14H₂O (1) and K₂[Cu₄(cpdp)₂(μ₄-AsO₄)](OH)·16²/₃H₂O (2), respectively. Similarly, the reaction of H₃cpdp with zinc(II) chloride in the presence of NaOH/Na₂HPO₄·2H₂O yields a tetranuclear complex, Na(H₃O)₂[Zn₄(cpdp)₂(μ₄-HPO₄)]Cl₃·12¹/₂H₂O (3). All complexes are characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and other analytical techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared and UV-vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and electrochemical studies. The solid-state molecular framework of each complex contains two monocationic [M₂(cpdp)]⁺ (M = Cu, Zn) units, which are exclusively coordinated to either phosphate/hydrogen phosphate or arsenate groups in a unique mode. All three complexes exhibit a μ₄:η¹:η¹:η¹:η¹ bridging mode of the PO₄ ^3-/HPO₄ ^2-/AsO₄ ^3- groups, with each bridging among four metal ions. The thermal properties of all three complexes have been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Low-temperature magnetic studies of complexes 1 and 2 disclose moderate antiferromagnetic interactions mediated among the copper centers through alkoxide and phosphate/arsenate bridges. Electrochemical studies of complexes 1 and 2 in dimethylformamide using cyclic voltammetry reveal the presence of a fairly assessable one-electron metal-based irreversible reduction and one quasireversible oxidation couple.

The synthesis of three new Cu5, Cu8 and Cu12 clusters via the use of a semi-flexible aminotriazine-based bis-methylpyridine ligand

The use of a semi-flexible aminotriazine-based bis-methylpyridine ligand afforded three new Cu₅, Cu₈ and Cu₁₂ complexes.

Structural diversity in Ni(II) cluster chemistry: Ni5, Ni6, and {NiNa2}n complexes bearing the Schiff-base ligand N-naphthalidene-2-amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid

The employment of the fluorescent bridging and chelating ligand N-naphthalidene-2-amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid (nacbH2) in Ni(II) cluster chemistry has led to a series of pentanuclear and hexanuclear compounds with different structural motifs, magnetic and optical properties, as well as an interesting 1-D coordination polymer. Synthetic parameters such as the inorganic anion present in the NiX2 starting materials (X = ClO4(-) or Cl(-)), the reaction solvent and the nature of the organic base employed for the deprotonation of nacbH2 were proved to be structure-directing components. Undoubtedly, the reported results demonstrate the rich coordination chemistry of nacbH2 in the presence of Ni(II) metal ions and the ability of this chelate to adopt a variety of different modes, thus fostering the formation of high-nuclearity molecules with many physical properties.

Structurally well-characterized new multinuclear Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) clusters: X-ray crystallography, theoretical studies, and applications in catalysis

Cu₃ and Zn₂ clusters with aminotriethanolate and benzoate bridging are characterized as new catalysts for hydrocarboxylation of alkanes and cycloalkanes.

Synthesis, structures and magnetism of heterodinuclear Ni–Ln complexes: field-induced single-molecule magnet behavior in the dysprosium analogue

Three isomorphous Ni–Ln heterodinuclear complexes were synthesized and structurally characterized. The Dy derivative exhibits field-induced single-molecule magnet behavior with an effective energy barrier of 16.9 K under a 1000 Oe dc field.

A series of cobalt and nickel clusters based on thiol-containing ligands accompanied by in situ ligand formation

We report a series of cobalt and nickel clusters based on thiol-containing ligands, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (HMBT) and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (H₂MBI), accompanied by in situ ligand transformation of HMBT. The magnetic properties of the cobalt clusters have been investigated.

Two CoII Compounds Showing Interesting Magnetic Properties Modulated by Supramolecular Interactions

Two new CoII coordination compounds, namely Co[(cis-trans)-L](nip)·H2O (1) and Co[(cis-cis)-L](Hbtc)·2H2O (2) (L = N1,N4-di(pyridin-3-yl)terephthalamide, H2nip = 5-nitroisophthalic acid, H3btc = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid), were synthesised hydrothermally and characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction and direct current magnetic susceptibility measurement. Interestingly, the results disclose somewhat tuneable magnetic properties for compounds 1 and 2, mainly due to the distinct supramolecular interactions.

Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of phenylhydroxamate-based coordination clusters

The strategic recombination of preformed coordination clusters in the presence of polymodal bridging ligands has successfully led to the characterisation of five new compounds of structural and magnetic interest. Indeed using the dinuclear complex [M2(H2O)(piv)4(Hpiv)4] (M = Co, Ni; Hpiv = pivalic acid) as starting material and reacting it with phenylhydroxamic acid (H2pha) has yielded the four tetrametallic coordination clusters [Co4(Hpha)2(piv)6(Hpiv)4] (1), [Ni4(Hpha)2(piv)6(Hpiv)2(DMF)2] (2), [Co4(Hpha)2(piv)6(EtOH)2(H2O)2] (3), [Ni4(Hpha)2(piv)6(EtOH)2(H2O)2] (4) and the hexanuclear complex [Co6(Hpha)4(piv)8(EtOH)2]·EtOH (5). All the compounds have been structurally characterised revealing a particular binding mode for the hydroxamate ligand. The study of their magnetic properties has been performed and the modelling of these properties has been done using the appropriate hamiltonians for each compound. The experimental data and their modelling show non-zero spin ground states for compounds 4 and 5.

A comparative synthetic, magnetic and theoretical study of functional M₄Cl₄ cubane-type Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes

We describe the synthesis, structures, and magnetochemistry of new M4Cl4 cubane-type cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes with the formula [M(μ3-Cl)Cl(HL·S)]4 (1: M = Co; 2: M = Ni), where HL·S represents a pyridyl-alcohol-type ligand with a thioether functional group, introduced to allow subsequent binding to Au surfaces. Dc and ac magnetic susceptibility data of 1 and 2 were modeled with a full spin Hamiltonian implemented in the computational framework CONDON 2.0. Although both coordination clusters 1 and 2 are isostructural, with each of their transition metal ions in a pseudo-octahedral coordination environment of four Cl atoms and N,O-donor atoms of one chelating HL·S ligand, the substantially different ligand field effects of Co(II) and Ni(II) results in stark differences in their magnetism. In contrast to compound 1 which exhibits a dominant antiferromagnetic intramolecular coupling (J = -0.14 cm(-1)), 2 is characterised by a ferromagnetic coupling (J = +10.6 cm(-1)) and is considered to be a single-molecule magnet (SMM), a feature of special interest for future surface deposition studies. An analysis based on density functional theory (DFT) was performed to explore possible magnetostructural correlations in these compounds. Using a two-J model Hamiltonian, it revealed that compound 1 has four positive and two (small) negative J(Co···Co) isotropic interactions leading to a S(HS) = 6 ground state. Taking into account the magnetic anisotropy, one would recover a M(S) = 0 ground state since D > 0 from computations. In 2, all the J constants are positive and, in this framework, the zero-field splitting energy characterising the axial anisotropy was estimated to be negative (D = -0.44 cm(-1)). The computational results are consistent with compound 2 being an SMM.

Single-molecule magnet engineering: building-block approaches

Tailoring the specific magnetic properties of any material relies on the topological control of the constituent metal ion building blocks. Although this general approach does not seem to be easily applied to traditional inorganic bulk magnets, coordination chemistry offers a unique tool to delicately tune, for instance, the properties of molecules that behave as "magnets", the so-called single-molecule magnets (SMMs). Although many interesting SMMs have been prepared by a more or less serendipitous approach, the assembly of predesigned, isolatable molecular entities into higher nuclearity complexes constitutes an elegant and fascinating strategy. This Feature article focuses on the use of building blocks or modules (both terms being used indiscriminately) to direct the structure, and therefore also the magnetic properties, of metal ion complexes exhibiting SMM behaviour.

Oxamato-based coordination polymers: recent advances in multifunctional magnetic materials

The design and synthesis of novel examples of multifunctional magnetic materials based on the so-called coordination polymers (CPs) have become very attractive for chemists and physicists due to their potential applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology.

Structural and magnetic variations in tetranuclear NiII clusters: the effect of the reaction solvent and ligand substitution on product identity

Changes of the solvent and organic ligand substituents in a general reaction system have led to three Ni^II₄ clusters with different topologies and magnetic responses.

Unexpected metal ion-assisted transformations leading to unexplored bridging ligands in NiII coordination chemistry: the case of PO3F2− group

The bridging potency of the O-rich PO₃F²⁻ group in Ni^II/oximate chemistry has been studied leading to interesting coordination compounds and revealing an unprecedented PO₃F²⁻ to P₂O₅F₂²⁻in situ transformation.

Rare nuclearities in Ni(ii) cluster chemistry: a Ni11 cage from the first use of N-salicylidene-2-amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid in metal cluster chemistry

The first use of N-salicylidene-2-amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid in metal cluster chemistry has afforded a new Ni^II₁₁ cage consisting of Ni₄ squares and Ni₃ triangles.

Alkali metal complexes of 6-methyl-2-pyridone: simple formulae, but not so simple structures

Reaction of 6-methyl-2-pyridone (Hmhp) with Na or K metal, or with Rb or Cs 2-ethylhexoxide, in an appropriate single or mixed solvent, yields a series of solvated polymeric complexes with the empirical formulae M(mhp)(H2O)2 [(1), M = Na; (2), M = K], M(mhp)(H2O) [(3), M = Rb; (4), M = Cs] and Cs(mhp)(ROH) [(5), R = Me; (6), R = Et]. All of the products have been crystallographically characterized and show sheet polymeric structures, except for a double-chain structure for (2). In all of the structures, mhp(-) and solvent molecules function as bridging ligands; two metal ions are bridged (μ2) by each solvent molecule in (1), (5) and (6), while (2) contains both μ2 and μ3 triple bridges, and (3) and (4) display highly unusual μ4 quadruple bridging of metal ions by water molecules. The pyridonate O atom bridges two or three metal ions in each case. Nitrogen is also involved in coordination to the heavier metals; it bonds to a single ion in (3) and (4), but has an almost unprecedented bridging role in (5) and (6). As a result of the extensive bridging by ligands, coordination numbers between 6 and 8 are achieved for the metal ions. In each structure, all solvent OH groups form hydrogen bonds to pyridonate O and, in some cases, N atoms. With one exception, these are the first reported pyridonate complexes of the alkali metals Na-Cs that do not also include transition metals.