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Hintikka JE, Ahtiainen JP, Permi P, Jalkanen S, Lehtonen M, Pekkala S. Aerobic exercise training and gut microbiome-associated metabolic shifts in women with overweight: a multi-omic study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11228. [PMID: 37433843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is essential in weight management, improves overall health, and mitigates obesity-related risk markers. Besides inducing changes in systemic metabolism, habitual exercise may improve gut's microbial diversity and increase the abundance of beneficial taxa in a correlated fashion. Since there is a lack of integrative omics studies on exercise and overweight populations, we studied the metabolomes and gut microbiota associated with programmed exercise in obese individuals. We measured the serum and fecal metabolites of 17 adult women with overweight during a 6-week endurance exercise program. Further, we integrated the exercise-responsive metabolites with variations in the gut microbiome and cardiorespiratory parameters. We found clear correlation with several serum and fecal metabolites, and metabolic pathways, during the exercise period in comparison to the control period, indicating increased lipid oxidation and oxidative stress. Especially, exercise caused co-occurring increase in levels of serum lyso-phosphatidylcholine moieties and fecal glycerophosphocholine. This signature was associated with several microbial metagenome pathways and the abundance of Akkermansia. The study demonstrates that, in the absence of body composition changes, aerobic exercise can induce metabolic shifts that provide substrates for beneficial gut microbiota in overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka E Hintikka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Juha P Ahtiainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Perttu Permi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Satu Pekkala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Romauch M. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein as an inhibitor of amine oxidase copper-containing 3. Open Biol 2020; 10:190035. [PMID: 32315567 PMCID: PMC6685929 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a major plasma protein whose levels increase in chronic energy-demanding diseases and thus serves as an important clinical biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of the development of cachexia. Current knowledge suggests that ZAG mediates progressive weight loss through β-adrenergic signalling in adipocytes, resulting in the activation of lipolysis and fat mobilization. Here, through cross-linking experiments, amine oxidase copper-containing 3 (AOC3) is identified as a novel ZAG binding partner. AOC3-also known as vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) and semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO)-deaminates primary amines, thereby generating the corresponding aldehyde, H2O2 and NH3. It is an ectoenzyme largely expressed by adipocytes and induced in endothelial cells during inflammation. Extravasation of immune cells depends on amine oxidase activity and AOC3-derived H2O2 has an insulinogenic effect. The observations described here suggest that ZAG acts as an allosteric inhibitor of AOC3 and interferes with the associated pro-inflammatory and anti-lipolytic functions. Thus, inhibition of the deamination of lipolytic hormone octopamine by AOC3 represents a novel mechanism by which ZAG might stimulate lipolysis. Furthermore, experiments involving overexpression of recombinant ZAG reveal that its glycosylation is co-regulated by oxygen availability and that the pattern of glycosylation affects its inhibitory potential. The newly identified protein interaction between AOC3 and ZAG highlights a previously unknown functional relationship, which may be relevant to inflammation, energy metabolism and the development of cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Romauch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria
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Anatomical distribution of primary amine oxidase activity in four adipose depots and plasma of severely obese women with or without a dysmetabolic profile. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 73:475-486. [PMID: 27766585 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), identical to primary amine oxidase or vascular adhesion protein-1, is a membrane enzyme that generates hydrogen peroxide. SSAO is highly expressed at the adipocyte surface, and its plasma levels increase with type 2 diabetes. Since visceral adipose tissue (AT) is more tightly associated with obesity complications than subcutaneous (SC) abdominal fat, we compared SSAO activity in plasma and 4 distinct AT locations in 48 severely obese women (body mass index (BMI), averaging 54 ± 11 kg/m2), with or without a dysmetabolic profile. Higher glucose and triacylglycerol levels vs lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol characterized dysmetabolic women (DYS; n = 25) from non-dysmetabolic (NDYS; n = 23), age- and weight-matched subjects. SC, mesenteric (ME), omental (OM), and round ligament (RL) fat locations were collected during bariatric surgery. SSAO capacity to oxidize up to 1 mM benzylamine was determined in AT and plasma with radiometric and fluorimetric methods. Plasma SSAO was higher in the DYS group. SSAO activity was higher in fat than in plasma, when expressed as radiolabeled benzaldehyde per milligram of protein. In ATs from DYS women, protein content was 10 % higher, and basal hydrogen peroxide release lower than in NDYS subjects, except for RL location. The SSAO affinity towards benzylamine did not exhibit regional variation and was not altered by a dysmetabolic profile (K m averaging 184 ± 7 μM; n = 183). Although radiometric and fluorimetric methods gave different estimates of oxidase activity, both indicated that AT SSAO activity did not vary according to anatomical location and/or metabolic status in severely obese women.
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Carpéné C, Galitzky J, Sébastien Saulnier-Blache J. Short-term and rapid effects of lysophosphatidic acid on human adipose cell lipolytic and glucose uptake activities. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2016.2.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Lin Z, Han M, Li H, Luo H, Zhang Y, Luo W. Soluble vascular adhesion protein-1: decreased activity in the plasma of trauma victims and predictive marker for severity of traumatic brain injury. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1678-82. [PMID: 21645499 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study done was to investigate the clinical significance of soluble vascular adhesion protein-1 (sVAP-1) activity in trauma patients with different patterns. METHODS 96 patients with consecutive trauma ≥15 years who were admitted to emergency department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, China, between January 2007 and December 2009 were enrolled in this study. Plasma was collected at admission. Injury-severity score (ISS) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) were used to determine the patient conditions. sVAP-1 activity was determined by using the high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system. RESULTS Mean sVAP-1 activity in trauma patients was significantly lower than that of controls (P<0.0001), and the level was negatively correlated with circulating leucocytes and neutrophils (P<0.0001). There was a significant correlation between lower sVAP-1 activity and injury patterns. However, plasma sVAP-1 activity increased significantly in accordance with the severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the patients with sVAP-1 value above 8.61 nmol/ml/h have much higher mortality rate (25.0%) than patients with sVAP-1 value lower than 8.61 nmol/ml/h (0.0%) (P=0.011). CONCLUSIONS Trauma patients had a decreased sVAP-1 activity. However, isolated TBI patients with higher activity of sVAP-1 at admission were more likely to have a poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexuan Lin
- Bio-analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
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Heuts DPHM, Gummadova JO, Pang J, Rigby SEJ, Scrutton NS. Reaction of vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) with primary amines: mechanistic insights from isotope effects and quantitative structure-activity relationships. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:29584-93. [PMID: 21737458 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.232850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an endothelial copper-dependent amine oxidase involved in the recruitment and extravasation of leukocytes at sites of inflammation. VAP-1 is an important therapeutic target for several pathological conditions. We expressed soluble VAP-1 in HEK293 EBNA1 cells at levels suitable for detailed mechanistic studies with model substrates. Using the model substrate benzylamine, we analyzed the steady-state kinetic parameters of VAP-1 as a function of solution pH. We found two macroscopic pK(a) values that defined a bell-shaped plot of turnover number k(cat,app) as a function of pH, representing ionizable groups in the enzyme-substrate complex. The dependence of (k(cat)/K(m))(app) on pH revealed a single pK(a) value (∼9) that we assigned to ionization of the amine group in free benzylamine substrate. A kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of 6 to 7.6 on (k(cat)/K(m))(app) over the pH range of 6 to 10 was observed with d(2)-benzylamine. Over the same pH range, the KIE on k(cat) was found to be close to unity. The unusual KIE values on (k(cat)/K(m))(app) were rationalized using a mechanistic scheme that includes the possibility of multiple isotopically sensitive steps. We also report the analysis of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) using para-substituted protiated and deuterated phenylethylamines. With phenylethylamines we observed a large KIE on k(cat,app) (8.01 ± 0.28 with phenylethylamine), indicating that C-H bond breakage is limiting for 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine quinone reduction. Poor correlations were observed between steady-state rate constants and QSAR parameters. We show the importance of combining KIE, QSAR, and structural studies to gain insight into the complexity of the VAP-1 steady-state mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic P H M Heuts
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Holt A, Degenhardt OS, Berry PD, Kapty JS, Mithani S, Smith DJ, Di Paolo ML. The effects of buffer cations on interactions between mammalian copper-containing amine oxidases and their substrates. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2007; 114:733-41. [PMID: 17401532 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-007-0680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2006] [Accepted: 01/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We and others have observed that substrates for copper-containing amine oxidases cause substrate inhibition at high concentrations. Through use of a novel "pseudoquantitative" rapid equilibrium approach, kinetic analyses with human and bovine enzymes indicate that these effects are consistent with substrates binding to oxidised and reduced enzyme forms. Small cations compete with binding of substrates to oxidised and reduced enzyme, influencing both substrate turnover and substrate inhibition patterns. Cations reduce affinity of the resting bovine enzyme for spermidine, but not benzylamine, indicating that the predominant effect of cations on substrate oxidation results from binding to an anionic site outside the active site. However, binding of cations to the active site of the reduced form of both enzymes attenuates substrate inhibition with both spermidine and benzylamine. Our observations have significant practical implications for researchers assaying kinetic behaviour of these enzymes, and particularly those developing novel inhibitors of human copper-containing amine oxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Holt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Yu PH, Lu LX, Fan H, Kazachkov M, Jiang ZJ, Jalkanen S, Stolen C. Involvement of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase-mediated deamination in lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 168:718-26. [PMID: 16507887 PMCID: PMC1606534 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) resides on the vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cell surface and is capable of deaminating short chain aliphatic amines and producing toxic aldehydes and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme, also known as a vascular adhesion protein-1, is involved in the inflammation process. This intriguing protein with dual functions is increased in the serum of diabetic and heart failure patients. In the present study we assessed the involvement of SSAO in a lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation model using transgenic mice that overexpress human vascular adhesion protein-1. Overexpression of SSAO activity increased the formation of protein-formaldehyde deposits in tissues. Lysine residues of proteins were the primary targets for cross-linkage with formaldehyde derived from deamination of methylamine. Lipo-polysaccharide-induced increases in inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were significantly higher in the transgenic than in the nontransgenic mice. BAL cell counts were also higher in the untreated transgenic than in nontransgenic mice. Blocking SSAO activity with a selective inhibitor significantly reduced the number of neutrophils as well as levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 in the BAL fluid. Inhalation of methylamine also increased BAL neutrophil counts. Together, these results suggest a role for SSAO-mediated deamination in pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Research Unit, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Cioni L, De Siena G, Ghelardini C, Sernissi O, Alfarano C, Pirisino R, Raimondi L. Activity and expression of semicarbazide-sensitive benzylamine oxidase in a rodent model of diabetes: interactive effects with methylamine and alpha-aminoguanidine. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 529:179-87. [PMID: 16325802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2005] [Revised: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous data indicate that methylamine injection in fasted healthy mice produced a hypophagic effect dependent of neuronal K(v)1.6 channels expression and increased by alpha-aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of semicarbazide-sensitive benzylamine oxidase enzymes mainly involved in amine degradation. In the present work we have investigated: 1) the level of expression and activity of the semicarbazide-sensitive benzylamine oxidase; 2) the effect of methylamine alone and in the presence of alpha-aminoguanidine on food intake of genetic obese and type II diabetes mice (the db/db mice). Db/db mice showed higher levels of semicarbazide-sensitive benzylamine oxidase activities in adipose tissue and in plasma than their lean counterpart (db/db(+) mice). Methylamine (30-75 microg, i.c.v.) showed similar hypophagic effects in obese and lean mice consistently with the levels of neuronal K(v)1.6 found in both animal strains. Alpha-aminoguandine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) increased methylamine (i.c.v.) hypophagia in both obese and lean mice and only in obese mice when methylamine was given i.p. These results suggest a crucial role of semicarbazide-sensitive benzylamine oxidase activity in controlling methylamine hypophagia in hyperphagic diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cioni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy
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Holt A, Wieland B, Baker GB. Allosteric modulation of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activities in vitro by imidazoline receptor ligands. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 143:495-507. [PMID: 15451775 PMCID: PMC1575421 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Evidence indicates that imidazoline I(2) binding sites (I(2)BSs) are present on monoamine oxidase (MAO) and on soluble (plasma) semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase enzymes. The binding site on MAO has been described as a modulatory site, although no effects on activity are thought to have been observed as a result of ligands binding to these sites. 2. We examined the effects in vitro of several imidazoline binding site ligands on activities of bovine plasma amine oxidase (BPAO) and porcine kidney diamine oxidase (PKDAO) in a spectrophotometric protocol. 3. While both enzymes were inhibited at high concentrations of all ligands, clonidine, cirazoline and oxymetazoline were seen, at lower concentrations, to increase activity of BPAO versus benzylamine, but not of PKDAO versus putrescine. This effect was substrate dependent, with mixed or biphasic inhibition of spermidine, methylamine, p-tyramine and beta-phenylethylamine oxidation observed at cirazoline concentrations that increased benzylamine oxidation. 4. With benzylamine as substrate, clonidine decreased K(M) (EC(50) 8.82 microm, E(max) 75.1% of control) and increased V(max) (EC(50) 164.6 microm, E(max) 154.1% of control). Cirazoline decreased V(max) (EC(50) 2.15 microm, E(max) 91.4% of control), then decreased K(M) (EC(50) 5.63 microm, E(max) 42.6% of control) and increased V(max) (EC(50) 49.0 microm, E(max) 114.4% of decreased V(max) value). 5. Data for clonidine fitted a mathematical model for two-site nonessential activation plus linear intersecting noncompetitive inhibition. Data for cirazoline were consistent with involvement of a fourth site. 6. These results reveal an ability of imidazoline ligands to modulate BPAO kinetics allosterically. The derived mechanism may have functional significance with respect to modulation of MAO by I(2)BS ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Holt
- Department of Pharmacology, 9-70 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7.
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O'Sullivan J, Unzeta M, Healy J, O'Sullivan MI, Davey G, Tipton KF. Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases: enzymes with quite a lot to do. Neurotoxicology 2004; 25:303-15. [PMID: 14697905 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-813x(03)00117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases (SSAO) (EC 1.4.3.6) were believed to be detoxifying enzymes, primarily involved in the oxidative deamination of endogenous amines, such as methylamine and aminoacetone, together with some xenobiotic amines. However, it appears that the reaction products may have important signalling functions in the regulation of cell development and glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, enzyme, from some sources, behaves as a cellular adhesion protein under inflammatory and it may also be involved in lipid transport. This review considers what is known about the activities and potential functions of this hardworking protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff O'Sullivan
- Department of Biochemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Vidrio H. Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase: role in the vasculature and vasodilation after in situ inhibition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 23:275-83. [PMID: 15255812 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-8673.2004.00296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1. The characteristics of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) are reviewed and the unknown physiological or pathological role of this enzyme emphasized. 2. The various mechanisms of action proposed for the vasodilator drug hydralazine are considered. In particular, the inhibitory action on various enzymes, related or not to cardiovascular function, are discussed. 3. Studies linking inhibition of SSAO to hydralazine hypotension are reviewed and a general hypothesis relating both actions is presented. The hypothesis postulates that (a). vascular SSAO is involved in the regulation of vascular tone, and (b). hydralazine vasodilation is the consequence of vascular SSAO inhibition. 4. Evidence supporting these postulates is presented and vascular SSAO inhibition is proposed as a novel mechanism of vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vidrio
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Apartado Postal 70297, 04510 México, D F, México
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