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Yuce K, Ozkan AI. The kruppel-like factor (KLF) family, diseases, and physiological events. Gene 2024; 895:148027. [PMID: 38000704 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The Kruppel-Like Factor family of regulatory proteins, which has 18 members, is transcription factors. This family contains zinc finger proteins, regulates the activation and suppression of transcription, and binds to DNA, RNA, and proteins. Klfs related to the immune system are Klf1, Klf2, Klf3, Klf4, Klf6, and Klf14. Klfs related to adipose tissue development and/or glucose metabolism are Klf3, Klf7, Klf9, Klf10, Klf11, Klf14, Klf15, and Klf16. Klfs related to cancer are Klf3, Klf4, Klf5, Klf6, Klf7, Klf8, Klf9, Klf10, Klf11, Klf12, Klf13, Klf14, Klf16, and Klf17. Klfs related to the cardiovascular system are Klf4, Klf5, Klf10, Klf13, Klf14, and Klf15. Klfs related to the nervous system are Klf4, Klf7, Klf8, and Klf9. Klfs are associated with diseases such as carcinogenesis, oxidative stress, diabetes, liver fibrosis, thalassemia, and the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this review is to provide information about the relationship of Klfs with some diseases and physiological events and to guide future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Yuce
- Selcuk University, Medicine Faculty, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology, Konya, Turkiye.
| | - Ahmet Ismail Ozkan
- Artvin Coruh University, Medicinal-Aromatic Plants Application and Research Center, Artvin, Turkiye.
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2
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Palomino Lago E, Baird A, Blott SC, McPhail RE, Ross AC, Durward-Akhurst SA, Guest DJ. A Functional Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Upstream of the Collagen Type III Gene Is Associated with Catastrophic Fracture Risk in Thoroughbred Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:116. [PMID: 38200847 PMCID: PMC10778232 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fractures caused by bone overloading are a leading cause of euthanasia in Thoroughbred racehorses. The risk of fatal fracture has been shown to be influenced by both environmental and genetic factors but, to date, no specific genetic mechanisms underpinning fractures have been identified. In this study, we utilised a genome-wide polygenic risk score to establish an in vitro cell system to study bone gene regulation in horses at high and low genetic risk of fracture. Candidate gene expression analysis revealed differential expression of COL3A1 and STAT1 genes in osteoblasts derived from high- and low-risk horses. Whole-genome sequencing of two fracture cases and two control horses revealed a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) upstream of COL3A1 that was confirmed in a larger cohort to be significantly associated with fractures. Bioinformatics tools predicted that this SNP may impact the binding of the transcription factor SOX11. Gene modulation demonstrated SOX11 is upstream of COL3A1, and the region binds to nuclear proteins. Furthermore, luciferase assays demonstrated that the region containing the SNP has promoter activity. However, the specific effect of the SNP depends on the broader genetic background of the cells and suggests other factors may also be involved in regulating COL3A1 expression. In conclusion, we have identified a novel SNP that is significantly associated with fracture risk and provide new insights into the regulation of the COL3A1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Palomino Lago
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; (E.P.L.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Arabella Baird
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket CB8 7UU, UK
| | - Sarah C. Blott
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK;
| | - Rhona E. McPhail
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket CB8 7UU, UK
| | - Amy C. Ross
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; (E.P.L.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Sian A. Durward-Akhurst
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Deborah J. Guest
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; (E.P.L.); (A.C.R.)
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3
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Simmen FA, Alhallak I, Simmen RCM. Krüppel-like Factor-9 and Krüppel-like Factor-13: Highly Related, Multi-Functional, Transcriptional Repressors and Activators of Oncogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5667. [PMID: 38067370 PMCID: PMC10705314 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Specificity Proteins/Krüppel-like Factors (SP/KLF family) are a conserved family of transcriptional regulators. These proteins share three highly conserved, contiguous zinc fingers in their carboxy-terminus, requisite for binding to cis elements in DNA. Each SP/KLF protein has unique primary sequence within its amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal regions, and it is these regions which interact with co-activators, co-repressors, and chromatin-modifying proteins to support the transcriptional activation and repression of target genes. Krüppel-like Factor 9 (KLF9) and Krüppel-like Factor 13 (KLF13) are two of the smallest members of the SP/KLF family, are paralogous, emerged early in metazoan evolution, and are highly conserved. Paradoxically, while most similar in primary sequence, KLF9 and KLF13 display many distinct roles in target cells. In this article, we summarize the work that has identified the roles of KLF9 (and to a lesser degree KLF13) in tumor suppression or promotion via unique effects on differentiation, pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and tumor immune cell infiltration. We also highlight the great diversity of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circular RNAs which provide mechanisms for the ubiquitous tumor-specific suppression of KLF9 mRNA and protein. Elucidation of KLF9 and KLF13 in cancer biology is likely to provide new inroads to the understanding of oncogenesis and its prevention and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A. Simmen
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.)
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Iad Alhallak
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.)
| | - Rosalia C. M. Simmen
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.)
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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4
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Guo Y, Wang J, Guo X, Gao R, Yang C, Li L, Sun Y, Qiu X, Xu Y, Yang Y. KLF13 Loss‐of‐Function Mutations Underlying Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e027578. [DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), characterized by progressive left ventricular enlargement and systolic dysfunction, is the most common type of cardiomyopathy and a leading cause of heart failure and cardiac death. Accumulating evidence underscores the critical role of genetic defects in the pathogenesis of DCM, and >250 genes have been implicated in DCM to date. However, DCM is of substantial genetic heterogeneity, and the genetic basis underpinning DCM remains elusive in most cases.
Methods and Results
By genome‐wide scan with microsatellite markers and genetic linkage analysis in a 4‐generation family inflicted with autosomal‐dominant DCM, a new locus for DCM was mapped on chromosome 15q13.1–q13.3, a 4.77‐cM (≈3.43 Mbp) interval between markers D15S1019 and D15S1010, with the largest 2‐point logarithm of odds score of 5.1175 for the marker D15S165 at recombination fraction (θ)=0.00. Whole‐exome sequencing analyses revealed that within the mapping chromosomal region, only the mutation in the
KLF13
gene, c.430G>T (p.E144X), cosegregated with DCM in the family. In addition, sequencing analyses of
KLF13
in another cohort of 266 unrelated patients with DCM and their available family members unveiled 2 new mutations, c.580G>T (p.E194X) and c.595T>C (p.C199R), which cosegregated with DCM in 2 families, respectively. The 3 mutations were absent from 418 healthy subjects. Functional assays demonstrated that the 3 mutants had no transactivation on the target genes
ACTC1
and
MYH7
(2 genes causally linked to DCM), alone or together with GATA4 (another gene contributing to DCM), and a diminished ability to bind the promoters of
ACTC1
and
MYH7
. Add, the E144X‐mutant KLF13 showed a defect in intracellular distribution.
Conclusions
This investigation indicates
KLF13
as a new gene predisposing to DCM, which adds novel insight to the molecular pathogenesis underlying DCM, implying potential implications for prenatal prevention and precision treatment of DCM in a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Han Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jing’an District Central Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xiao‐Juan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Ri‐Feng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Chen‐Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Institute of Medical Genetics Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Yu‐Min Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jing’an District Central Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xing‐Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Ying‐Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yi‐Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory and Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
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Abhinav P, Zhang GF, Zhao CM, Xu YJ, Wang J, Yang YQ. A novel KLF13 mutation underlying congenital patent ductus arteriosus and ventricular septal defect, as well as bicuspid aortic valve. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:311. [PMID: 35369534 PMCID: PMC8943534 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pradhan Abhinav
- Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Gao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Mei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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Guan M, Pan D, Zhang M, Leng X, Yao B. Deer antler extract potentially facilitates xiphoid cartilage growth and regeneration and prevents inflammatory susceptibility by regulating multiple functional genes. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:208. [PMID: 33752715 PMCID: PMC7983396 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deer antler is a zoological exception due to its fantastic characteristics, including amazing growth rate and repeatable regeneration. Deer antler has been used as a key ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine relating to kidney and bone health for centuries. The aim of this study was to dissect the molecular regulation of deer antler extract (DAE) on xiphoid cartilage (XC). METHODS The DAE used in this experiment was same as the one that was prepared as previously described. The specific pathogen-free (SPF) grade Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into blank group (n =10) and DAE group (n =10) after 1-week adaptive feeding. The DAE used in this experiment was same as the one that was prepared as previously described. The rats in DAE group were fed with DAE for 3 weeks at a dose of 0.2 g/kg per day according to the body surface area normalization method, and the rats in blank group were fed with drinking water. Total RNA was extracted from XC located in the most distal edge of the sternum. Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in combination with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation assay was carried out to dissect the molecular regulation of DAE on XC. RESULTS We demonstrated that DAE significantly increased the expression levels of DEGs involved in cartilage growth and regeneration, but decreased the expression levels of DEGs involved in inflammation, and mildly increased the expression levels of DEGs involved in chondrogenesis and chondrocyte proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that DAE might serve as a complementary therapeutic regent for cartilage growth and regeneration to treat cartilage degenerative disease, such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Guan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Daian Pan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Innovation Practice Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117 China
| | - Xiangyang Leng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Baojin Yao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
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7
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Cao P, Li H, Zuo Y, Nashun B. Characterization of DNA Methylation Patterns and Mining of Epigenetic Markers During Genomic Reprogramming in SCNT Embryos. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:570107. [PMID: 32984351 PMCID: PMC7492385 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.570107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), also known as somatic cell cloning, is a commonly used technique to study epigenetic reprogramming. Although SCNT has the advantages of being safe and able to obtain pluripotent cells, early developmental arrest happens in most SCNT embryos. Overcoming epigenetic barriers is currently the primary strategy for improving reprogramming efficiency and improving developmental rate in SCNT embryos. In this study, we analyzed DNA methylation profiles of in vivo fertilized embryos and SCNT embryos with different developmental fates. Overall DNA methylation level was higher in SCNT embryos during global de-methylation process compared to in vivo fertilized embryos. In addition, promoter region, first intron and 3′UTR were found to be the major genomic regions that were hyper-methylated in SCNT embryos. Surprisingly, we found the length of re-methylated region was directly related to the change of methylation level. Furthermore, a number of genes including Dppa2 and Dppa4 which are important for early zygotic genome activation (ZGA) were not properly activated in SCNT embryos. This study comprehensively analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in SCNT embryos and provided candidate target genes for improving efficiency of genomic reprogramming in SCNT embryos. Since SCNT technology has been widely used in agricultural and pastoral production, protection of endangered animals, and therapeutic cloning, the findings of this study have significant importance for all these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hanshuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongchun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Buhe Nashun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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8
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Katz DC, Aponte JD, Liu W, Green RM, Mayeux JM, Pollard KM, Pomp D, Munger SC, Murray SA, Roseman CC, Percival CJ, Cheverud J, Marcucio RS, Hallgrímsson B. Facial shape and allometry quantitative trait locus intervals in the Diversity Outbred mouse are enriched for known skeletal and facial development genes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233377. [PMID: 32502155 PMCID: PMC7274373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biology of how faces are built and come to differ from one another is complex. Discovering normal variants that contribute to differences in facial morphology is one key to untangling this complexity, with important implications for medicine and evolutionary biology. This study maps quantitative trait loci (QTL) for skeletal facial shape using Diversity Outbred (DO) mice. The DO is a randomly outcrossed population with high heterozygosity that captures the allelic diversity of eight inbred mouse lines from three subspecies. The study uses a sample of 1147 DO animals (the largest sample yet employed for a shape QTL study in mouse), each characterized by 22 three-dimensional landmarks, 56,885 autosomal and X-chromosome markers, and sex and age classifiers. We identified 37 facial shape QTL across 20 shape principal components (PCs) using a mixed effects regression that accounts for kinship among observations. The QTL include some previously identified intervals as well as new regions that expand the list of potential targets for future experimental study. Three QTL characterized shape associations with size (allometry). Median support interval size was 3.5 Mb. Narrowing additional analysis to QTL for the five largest magnitude shape PCs, we found significant overrepresentation of genes with known roles in growth, skeletal and facial development, and sensory organ development. For most intervals, one or more of these genes lies within 0.25 Mb of the QTL's peak. QTL effect sizes were small, with none explaining more than 0.5% of facial shape variation. Thus, our results are consistent with a model of facial diversity that is influenced by key genes in skeletal and facial development and, simultaneously, is highly polygenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Katz
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J. David Aponte
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rebecca M. Green
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jessica M. Mayeux
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - K. Michael Pollard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Daniel Pomp
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Steven C. Munger
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
| | | | - Charles C. Roseman
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Percival
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - James Cheverud
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ralph S. Marcucio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Benedikt Hallgrímsson
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
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9
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Identification and analysis of KLF13 variants in patients with congenital heart disease. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:78. [PMID: 32293321 PMCID: PMC7160950 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The protein Kruppel-like factor 13 (KLF13) is a member of the KLF family and has been identified as a cardiac transcription factor that is involved in heart development. However, the relationship between KLF13 variants and CHDs in humans remains largely unknown. The present study aimed to screen the KLF13 variants in CHD patients and genetically analyze the functions of these variants. Methods KLF13 variants were sequenced in a cohort of 309 CHD patients and population-matched healthy controls (n = 200) using targeted sequencing. To investigate the effect of variants on the functional properties of the KLF13 protein, the expression and subcellular localization of the protein, as well as the transcriptional activities of downstream genes and physical interactions with other transcription factors, were assessed. Results Two heterozygous variants, c.487C > T (P163S) and c.467G > A (S156N), were identified in two out of 309 CHD patients with tricuspid valve atresia and transposition of the great arteries, respectively. No variants were found among healthy controls. The variant c.467G > A (S156N) had increased protein expression and enhanced functionality compared with the wild type, without affecting the subcellular localization. The other variant, c.487C > T (P163S), did not show any abnormalities in protein expression or subcellular localization; however, it inhibited the transcriptional activities of downstream target genes and physically interacted with TBX5, another cardiac transcription factor. Conclusion Our results show that the S156N and P163S variants may affect the transcriptional function of KLF13 and physical interaction with TBX5. These results identified KLF13 as a potential genetic risk factor for congenital heart disease.
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10
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The potential role of Krüppel-like factor 13 (Aj-klf13) in the intestine regeneration of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Gene 2020; 735:144407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Roles of ErbB3-binding protein 1 (EBP1) in embryonic development and gene-silencing control. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24852-24860. [PMID: 31748268 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916306116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ErbB3-binding protein 1 (EBP1) is implicated in diverse cellular functions, including apoptosis, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Here, by generating genetic inactivation of Ebp1 mice, we identified the physiological roles of EBP1 in vivo. Loss of Ebp1 in mice caused aberrant organogenesis, including brain malformation, and death between E13.5 and 15.5 owing to severe hemorrhages, with massive apoptosis and cessation of cell proliferation. Specific ablation of Ebp1 in neurons caused structural abnormalities of brain with neuron loss in [Nestin-Cre; Ebp1 flox/flox ] mice. Notably, global methylation increased with high levels of the gene-silencing unit Suv39H1/DNMT1 in Ebp1-deficient mice. EBP1 repressed the transcription of Dnmt1 by binding to its promoter region and interrupted DNMT1-mediated methylation at its target gene, Survivin promoter region. Reinstatement of EBP1 into embryo brain relived gene repression and rescued neuron death. Our findings uncover an essential role for EBP1 in embryonic development and implicate its function in transcriptional regulation.
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12
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Yu Y, Li C, Wang Y, Wang Q, Wang S, Wei S, Yang M, Qin Q. Molecular cloning and characterization of grouper Krϋppel-like factor 9 gene: Involvement in the fish immune response to viral infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:677-686. [PMID: 30905839 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Krϋppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) is a member of the SP/KL family, which are transcription factors implicated in several biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, development and apoptosis. Studies have focused on the function of KLF9 in mammalian disease and the immune system, such as its regulatory role in the growth of tumors and its impact on interferon-related genes and inflammatory cytokines. In fish, little is known about the role of KLF9, especially its regulatory function in the innate antiviral immune response. In this study, we characterized the grouper KLF9 gene (EcKLF9) and investigated its role in viral infection. Amino acid alignment analysis showed that EcKLF9 was approximately 228 amino acids long and contained a typical three-tandem Krϋppel-like zinc fingers. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that EcKLF9 clustered with three fish species: Amphiprion ocellaris, Acanthochromis pollyacanthus and Stegastes partitus. Comparison analyses showed that the three Kruppel-like zinc finger domains of KLF9 were highly conserved in different fish species. Tissue expression analysis showed that EcKLF9 was constitutively expressed in all 12 tissues tested, in the healthy grouper, the highest expression being detected in the gonads. The relative expression levels of EcKLF9 in the head kidney, spleen and brain was significantly increased during red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) and Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) infections. Using fluorescence microscopy, EcKLF9 was primarily localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm. The in vitro ectopic expression of EcKLF9 significantly increased the severity of vacuoles induced by RGNNV and the cytopathic effect progression evoked by SGIV infection. Real-time PCR results showed that the transcription levels of viral genes, such as the Singapore grouper iridovirus infection genes, MCP (major capsid protein), LITAF (lipopolysaccharide induced TNF-α factor), VP19 (envelop protein) ICP-18 (infected cell protein-18) and the red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus genes, CP (coat protein), RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), were all significantly increased in EcKLF9 overexpressing cells, when compared to control cells. Furthermore, western blotting analyses showed that protein levels of the RGNNV gene, CP and the SGIV gene, MCP were also increased in EcKLF9 overexpressing cells, suggesting EcKLF9 may promote viral activity against iridovirus and nodavirus, in vitro. Moreover, the overexpression of EcKLF9 significantly inhibited the expression of several interferon related cytokines and several inflammatory cytokines. Accordingly, we speculate that EcKLF9 may exert stimulatory effects on RGNNV and SGIV replication, through the negative regulation of host immune and inflammation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yepin Yu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chen Li
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shina Wei
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Min Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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13
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Bialkowska AB, Yang VW, Mallipattu SK. Krüppel-like factors in mammalian stem cells and development. Development 2017; 144:737-754. [PMID: 28246209 DOI: 10.1242/dev.145441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of zinc-finger transcription factors that are found in many species. Recent studies have shown that KLFs play a fundamental role in regulating diverse biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, development and regeneration. Of note, several KLFs are also crucial for maintaining pluripotency and, hence, have been linked to reprogramming and regenerative medicine approaches. Here, we review the crucial functions of KLFs in mammalian embryogenesis, stem cell biology and regeneration, as revealed by studies of animal models. We also highlight how KLFs have been implicated in human diseases and outline potential avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8176, USA
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8176, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8176, USA
| | - Sandeep K Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8176, USA
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14
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Cvoro A, Devito L, Milton FA, Noli L, Zhang A, Filippi C, Sakai K, Suh JH, H Sieglaff D, Dhawan A, Sakai T, Ilic D, Webb P. A thyroid hormone receptor/KLF9 axis in human hepatocytes and pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 2015; 33:416-28. [PMID: 25330987 PMCID: PMC6317531 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biological processes require close cooperation of multiple transcription factors that integrate different signals. Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) induce Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) to regulate neurogenesis. Here, we show that triiodothyronine (T3) also works through TR to induce KLF9 in HepG2 liver cells, mouse liver, and mouse and human primary hepatocytes and sought to understand TR/KLF9 network function in the hepatocyte lineage and stem cells. Knockdown experiments reveal that KLF9 regulates hundreds of HepG2 target genes and modulates T3 response. Together, T3 and KLF9 target genes influence pathways implicated in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, including Notch signaling, and we verify that T3 and KLF9 cooperate to regulate key Notch pathway genes and work independently to regulate others. T3 also induces KLF9 in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and this effect persists during differentiation to definitive endoderm and hiPSC-derived hepatocytes. Microarray analysis reveals that T3 regulates hundreds of hESC and hiPSC target genes that cluster into many of the same pathways implicated in TR and KLF9 regulation in HepG2 cells. KLF9 knockdown confirms that TR and KLF9 cooperate to regulate Notch pathway genes in hESC and hiPSC, albeit in a partly cell-specific manner. Broader analysis of T3 responsive hESC/hiPSC genes suggests that TRs regulate multiple early steps in ESC differentiation. We propose that TRs cooperate with KLF9 to regulate hepatocyte proliferation and differentiation and early stages of organogenesis and that TRs exert widespread and important influences on ESC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Cvoro
- Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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15
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Xiong Q, Zhang Z, Chang KH, Qu H, Wang H, Qi H, Li Y, Ruan X, Yang Y, Yang Y, Li Y, Sandstrom R, Sabo PJ, Li Q, Stamatoyannopoulos G, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Fang X. Comprehensive characterization of erythroid-specific enhancers in the genomic regions of human Krüppel-like factors. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:587. [PMID: 23985037 PMCID: PMC3846580 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mapping of DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) is a powerful tool to experimentally identify cis-regulatory elements (CREs). Among CREs, enhancers are abundant and predominantly act in driving cell-specific gene expression. Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of eukaryotic transcription factors. Several KLFs have been demonstrated to play important roles in hematopoiesis. However, transcriptional regulation of KLFs via CREs, particularly enhancers, in erythroid cells has been poorly understood. Results In this study, 23 erythroid-specific or putative erythroid-specific DHSs were identified by DNase-seq in the genomic regions of 17 human KLFs, and their enhancer activities were evaluated using dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assay. Of the 23 erythroid-specific DHSs, the enhancer activities of 15 DHSs were comparable to that of the classical enhancer HS2 in driving minimal promoter (minP). Fifteen DHSs, some overlapping those that increased minP activities, acted as enhancers when driving the corresponding KLF promoters (KLF-Ps) in erythroid cells; of these, 10 DHSs were finally characterized as erythroid-specific KLF enhancers. These 10 erythroid-specific KLF enhancers were further confirmed using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to sequencing (ChIP-seq) data-based bioinformatic and biochemical analyses. Conclusion Our present findings provide a feasible strategy to extensively identify gene- and cell-specific enhancers from DHSs obtained by high-throughput sequencing, which will help reveal the transcriptional regulation and biological functions of genes in some specific cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P,R, China.
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16
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Hurt JA, Robertson AD, Burge CB. Global analyses of UPF1 binding and function reveal expanded scope of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Genome Res 2013; 23:1636-50. [PMID: 23766421 PMCID: PMC3787261 DOI: 10.1101/gr.157354.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UPF1 is a DNA/RNA helicase with essential roles in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) and embryonic development. How UPF1 regulates target abundance and the relationship between NMD and embryogenesis are not well understood. To explore how NMD shapes the embryonic transcriptome, we integrated genome-wide analyses of UPF1 binding locations, NMD-regulated gene expression, and translation in murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs). We identified over 200 direct UPF1 binding targets using crosslinking/immunoprecipitation-sequencing (CLIP-seq) and revealed a repression pathway that involves 3′ UTR binding by UPF1 and translation but is independent of canonical targeting features involving 3′ UTR length and stop codon placement. Interestingly, NMD targeting of this set of mRNAs occurs in other mouse tissues and is conserved in human. We also show, using ribosome footprint profiling, that actively translated upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are enriched in transcription factor mRNAs and predict mRNA repression by NMD, while poorly translated mRNAs escape repression. Together, our results identify novel NMD determinants and targets and provide context for understanding the impact of UPF1 and NMD on the mESC transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Hurt
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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Abstract
The Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family of transcription factors regulates diverse biological processes that include proliferation, differentiation, growth, development, survival, and responses to external stress. Seventeen mammalian KLFs have been identified, and numerous studies have been published that describe their basic biology and contribution to human diseases. KLF proteins have received much attention because of their involvement in the development and homeostasis of numerous organ systems. KLFs are critical regulators of physiological systems that include the cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, hematological, and immune systems and are involved in disorders such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, KLFs play an important role in reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and maintaining the pluripotent state of embryonic stem cells. As research on KLF proteins progresses, additional KLF functions and associations with disease are likely to be discovered. Here, we review the current knowledge of KLF proteins and describe common attributes of their biochemical and physiological functions and their pathophysiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth B McConnell
- Departments of Medicine and of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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18
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Lepichon JB, Bittel DC, Graf WD, Yu S. A 15q13.3 homozygous microdeletion associated with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder suggests putative functions of the TRPM1, CHRNA7, and other homozygously deleted genes. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:1300-4. [PMID: 20425840 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We identified a novel homozygous 15q13.3 microdeletion in a young boy with a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe visual impairment, hypotonia, profound intellectual disability, and refractory epilepsy. The homozygous deletion of the genes within this deleted region provides a useful insight into the pathogenesis of the observed clinical phenotype. Absence of the Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel, Subfamily M, Member 1 (TRPM1) gene product is proposed as a possible mechanism for the severe visual impairment; absence of CHRNA7 (alpha7-nicotinic receptor subunit) as a cause of the refractory seizures and severe cognitive impairment; and deletion of MTMR10 and/or MTMR15 (encoding myotubularin related proteins) alone or combined with other homozygously deleted genes as a cause for the congenital hypotonia with areflexia. The distinctive clinical findings in this patient reveal potential functions of the genes within the deleted region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Lepichon
- Section of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Gordon AR, Outram SV, Keramatipour M, Goddard CA, Colledge WH, Metcalfe JC, Hager-Theodorides AL, Crompton T, Kemp PR. Splenomegaly and Modified Erythropoiesis in KLF13–/– Mice. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:11897-904. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m709569200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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20
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Natesampillai S, Kerkvliet J, Leung PCK, Veldhuis JD. Regulation of Kruppel-like factor 4, 9, and 13 genes and the steroidogenic genes LDLR, StAR, and CYP11A in ovarian granulosa cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 294:E385-91. [PMID: 18056793 PMCID: PMC2747322 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00480.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) are important Sp1-like eukaryotic transcriptional proteins. The LDLR, StAR, and CYP11A genes exhibit GC-rich Sp1-like sites, which have the potential to bind KLFs in multiprotein complexes. We now report that KLF4, KLF9, and KLF13 transcripts are expressed in and regulate ovarian cells. KLF4 and 13, but not KLF9, mRNA expression was induced and then repressed over time (P < 0.001). Combined LH and IGF-I stimulation increased KLF4 mRNA at 2 h (P < 0.01), whereas LH decreased KLF13 mRNA at 6 h (P < 0.05), and IGF-I reduced KLF13 at 24 h (P < 0.01) compared with untreated control. KLF9 was not regulated by either hormone. Transient transfection of KLF4, KLF9, and KLF13 suppressed LDLR/luc, StAR/luc, and CYP11A/luc by 80-90% (P < 0.001). Histone-deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors stimulated LDLR/luc five- to sixfold and StAR/luc and CYP11A/luc activity twofold (P < 0.001) and partially reversed suppression by all three KLFs (P < 0.001). Deletion of the zinc finger domain of KLF13 abrogated repression of LDLR/luc. Lentiviral overexpression of the KLF13 gene suppressed LDLR mRNA (P < 0.001) and CYP11A mRNA (P = 0.003) but increased StAR mRNA (P = 0.007). Collectively, these data suggest that KLFs may recruit inhibitory complexes containing HDAC corepressors, thereby repressing LDLR and CYP11A transcription. Conversely, KLF13 may recruit unknown coactivators or stabilize StAR mRNA, thereby explaining enhancement of in situ StAR gene expression. These data introduce new potent gonadal transregulators of genes encoding proteins that mediate sterol uptake and steroid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekar Natesampillai
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States, 55901
| | - Jason Kerkvliet
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States, 55901
| | - Peter C. K. Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Johannes D. Veldhuis
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States, 55901
- Corresponding author: Tel: (507) 255-0906, Fax: (507) 255-0901,
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21
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Simmen FA, Xiao R, Velarde MC, Nicholson RD, Bowman MT, Fujii-Kuriyama Y, Oh SP, Simmen RCM. Dysregulation of intestinal crypt cell proliferation and villus cell migration in mice lacking Kruppel-like factor 9. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 292:G1757-69. [PMID: 17379758 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00013.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 9 (Klf9), a zinc-finger transcription factor, is implicated in the control of cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell fate. Using Klf9-null mutant mice, we have investigated the involvement of Klf9 in intestine crypt-villus cell renewal and lineage determination. We report the predominant expression of Klf9 gene in small and large intestine smooth muscle (muscularis externa). Jejunums null for Klf9 have shorter villi, reduced crypt stem/transit cell proliferation, and altered lineage determination as indicated by decreased and increased numbers of goblet and Paneth cells, respectively. A stimulatory role for Klf9 in villus cell migration was demonstrated by bromodeoxyuridine labeling. Results suggest that Klf9 controls the elaboration, from intestine smooth muscle, of molecular mediator(s) of crypt cell proliferation and lineage determination and of villus cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Simmen
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 1120 Marshall St., Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
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22
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Haldar SM, Ibrahim OA, Jain MK. Kruppel-like Factors (KLFs) in muscle biology. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007; 43:1-10. [PMID: 17531262 PMCID: PMC2743293 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Kruppel-like Factor (KLF) family of zinc-finger transcription factors are critical regulators of cell differentiation, phenotypic modulation and physiologic function. An emerging body of evidence implicates an important role for these factors in cardiovascular biology, however, the role of KLFs in muscle biology is only beginning to be understood. This article reviews the published data describing the role of KLFs in the heart, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle and highlights the importance of these factors in cardiovascular development, physiology and disease pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mukesh K. Jain
- Address correspondence to: Mukesh K. Jain M.D., Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Medical School and Cardiovascular Division, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 2103 Cornell Road, Room 4-522, Cleveland, OH 44106. ; Tel: (216) 368-3609, Fax: (216) 368-0556
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23
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Lavallée G, Andelfinger G, Nadeau M, Lefebvre C, Nemer G, Horb ME, Nemer M. The Kruppel-like transcription factor KLF13 is a novel regulator of heart development. EMBO J 2006; 25:5201-13. [PMID: 17053787 PMCID: PMC1630408 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, congenital heart defects occur in 1-2% of live birth, but the molecular mechanisms and causative genes remain unidentified in the majority of cases. We have uncovered a novel transcription pathway important for heart morphogenesis. We report that KLF13, a member of the Krüppel-like family of zinc-finger proteins, is expressed predominantly in the heart, binds evolutionarily conserved regulatory elements on cardiac promoters and activates cardiac transcription. KLF13 is conserved across species and knockdown of KLF13 in Xenopus embryos leads to atrial septal defects and hypotrabeculation similar to those observed in humans or mice with hypomorphic GATA-4 alleles. Physical and functional interaction with GATA-4, a dosage-sensitive cardiac regulator, provides a mechanistic explanation for KLF13 action in the heart. The data demonstrate that KLF13 is an important component of the transcription network required for heart development and suggest that KLF13 is a GATA-4 modifier; by analogy to other GATA-4 collaborators, mutations in KLF13 may be causative for congenital human heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Lavallée
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Nadeau
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chantal Lefebvre
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Georges Nemer
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marko E Horb
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Cardiac Growth and Differentiation Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110, avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1R7. Tel.: +1 514 987 5680; Fax: +1 514 987 5575; E-mail:
| | - Mona Nemer
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Cardiac Growth and Differentiation Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110, avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1R7. Tel.: +1 514 987 5680; Fax: +1 514 987 5575; E-mail:
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Suzuki T, Aizawa K, Matsumura T, Nagai R. Vascular implications of the Krüppel-like family of transcription factors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25:1135-41. [PMID: 15817882 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000165656.65359.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family is a recently highlighted group of zinc finger transcription factors given their important biological roles which include the vasculature. KLF2, KLF4, KLF5, and KLF6 are notable factors that have been implicated in developmental as well as pathological vascular processes. In this brief review, we provide an up-to-date summary of the physiological functions and cellular effects as well as transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of the vascular KLFs. Through such, we aim to provide a working view for understanding the pathological actions of KLFs in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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25
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Martin KM, Ellis PD, Metcalfe JC, Kemp PR. Selective modulation of the SM22alpha promoter by the binding of BTEB3 (basal transcription element-binding protein 3) to TGGG repeats. Biochem J 2003; 375:457-63. [PMID: 12848620 PMCID: PMC1223682 DOI: 10.1042/bj20030870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2003] [Accepted: 07/09/2003] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have previously identified a C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factor [BTEB3 (basal transcription element-binding protein 3)/KLF13 (Krüppel-like factor 13)] that activates the minimal promoter for the smooth muscle-specific SM22alpha gene in other types of cell. We show that recombinant BTEB3 binds to three TGGG motifs in the minimal SM22alpha promoter. By mutation analysis, only one of these boxes is required for BTEB3-dependent promoter activation in P19 cells and BTEB3 activates or inhibits reporter gene expression depending on the TGGG box to which it binds. Transient transfection experiments show that BTEB3 also activates reporter gene expression from the SM22alpha promoter in VSMCs (vascular smooth muscle cells). Similar studies showed that BTEB3 did not activate expression from the promoter regions of the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain or smooth muscle alpha-actin promoters, which contain similar sequences, implying that promoter activation by BTEB3 is selective. The expression of BTEB3 is readily detectable in VSMCs in vitro and is modulated in response to injury in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites/genetics
- Carotid Artery Injuries/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Conserved Sequence/genetics
- DNA/genetics
- DNA/metabolism
- Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
- Gene Expression Regulation
- In Situ Hybridization
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Microsatellite Repeats
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Martin
- Section of Cardiovascular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Building O, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 1QW, U.K
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Bieker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
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