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Xu X, Cölfen H. Ultracentrifugation Techniques for the Ordering of Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020333. [PMID: 33513966 PMCID: PMC7912273 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A centrifugal field can provide an external force for the ordering of nanoparticles. Especially with the knowledge from in-situ characterization by analytical (ultra)centrifugation, nanoparticle ordering can be rationally realized in preparative (ultra)centrifugation. This review summarizes the work back to the 1990s, where intuitive use of centrifugation was achieved for the fabrication of colloidal crystals to the very recent work where analytical (ultra)centrifugation is employed to tailor-make concentration gradients for advanced materials. This review is divided into three main parts. In the introduction part, the history of ordering microbeads in gravity is discussed and with the size of particles reduced to nanometers, a centrifugal field is necessary. In the next part, the research on the ordering of nanoparticles in analytical and preparative centrifugation in recent decades is described. In the last part, the applications of the functional materials, fabricated from centrifugation-induced nanoparticle superstructures are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Xu
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Box 714, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Correspondence:
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2
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Vila-Parrondo C, García-Astrain C, Liz-Marzán LM. Colloidal systems toward 3D cell culture scaffolds. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 283:102237. [PMID: 32823220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional porous scaffolds are essential for the development of tissue engineering and regeneration, as biomimetic supports to recreate the microenvironment present in natural tissues. To successfully achieve the growth and development of a specific kind of tissue, porous matrices should be able to influence cell behavior by promoting close cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. To achieve this goal, the scaffold must fulfil a set of conditions, including ordered interconnected porosity to promote cell diffusion and vascularization, mechanical strength to support the tissue during continuous ingrowth, and biocompatibility to avoid toxicity. Among various building approaches to the construction of porous matrices, selected strategies afford hierarchical scaffolds with such defined properties. The control over porosity, microstructure or morphology, is crucial to the fabrication of high-end, reproducible scaffolds for the target application. In this review, we provide an insight into recent advances toward the colloidal fabrication of hierarchical scaffolds. After identifying the main requirements for scaffolds in biomedical applications, conceptual building processes are introduced. Examples of tissue regeneration applications are provided for different scaffold types, highlighting their versatility and biocompatibility. We finally provide a prospect about the current state of the art and limitations of porous scaffolds, along with challenges that are to be addressed, so these materials consolidate in the fields of tissue engineering and drug delivery.
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3
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Wang L, Zhou Y, Wang X, Feng L, Liu X. Preparation of Inverse Opal Hydroxyapatite and Drug Delivery Properties. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐li Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic MaterialsShaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Ye‐min Zhou
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic MaterialsShaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Xiu‐feng Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic MaterialsShaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Li‐na Feng
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic MaterialsShaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Xin‐xin Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic MaterialsShaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
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4
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Tang W, Chen C. Hydrogel-Based Colloidal Photonic Crystal Devices for Glucose Sensing. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E625. [PMID: 32182870 PMCID: PMC7182902 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, a common epidemic disease, is increasingly hazardous to human health. Monitoring body glucose concentrations for the prevention and therapy of diabetes has become very important. Hydrogel-based responsive photonic crystal (PC) materials are noninvasive options for glucose detection. This article reviews glucose-sensing materials/devices composed of hydrogels and colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs), including the construction of 2D/3D CPCs and 2D/3D hydrogel-based CPCs (HCPCs). The development and mechanisms of glucose-responsive hydrogels and the achieved technologies of HCPC glucose sensors were also concluded. This review concludes by showing a perspective for the future design of CPC glucose biosensors with functional hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Tang
- Modern Service Department, College of International Vocational Education, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China;
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
- Research Center of Resource Recycling Science and Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
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5
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Recent Advances in Colloidal Photonic Crystal-Based Anti-Counterfeiting Materials. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9080417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal photonic crystal (PC)-based anti-counterfeiting materials have been widely studied due to their inimitable structural colors and tunable photonic band gaps (PBGs) as well as their convenient identification methods. In this review, we summarize recent developments of colloidal PCs in the field of anti-counterfeiting from aspects of security strategies, design, and fabrication principles, and identification means. Firstly, an overview of the strategies for constructing PC anti-counterfeiting materials composed of variable color PC patterns, invisible PC prints, and several other PC anti-counterfeiting materials is presented. Then, the synthesis methods, working principles, security level, and specific identification means of these three types of PC materials are discussed in detail. Finally, the summary of strengths and challenges, as well as development prospects in the attractive research field, are presented.
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Chen X, Xu H, Hua C, Zhao J, Li Y, Song Y. Synthesis of Silica Microspheres-Inspired by the Formation of Ice Crystals-With High Homogeneous Particle Sizes and Their Applications in Photonic Crystals. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11102017. [PMID: 30340331 PMCID: PMC6213217 DOI: 10.3390/ma11102017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silica microspheres (SMs) must possess the performances of desirable monodispersity, narrow particle size distribution, and high sphericity for preparing photonic crystals (PCs) and other materials such as microspheres reference material, etc. We have adopted the techniques of increasing reactant concentration and raising the temperature to improve the synthesis rate of SMs, gaining inspiration from the formation mechanism of ice crystals. SMs with uniform particle sizes (polydispersity index less than 0.05) and good spherical features were fabricated through homogeneous nucleation. The mathematical relationship between particle sizes of SMs and reactant concentrations is further fitted. High accuracy of the regression equation is verified by an F-test and verification experiment. Highly ordered PCs (the stacking fault is about 1.5%, and the point defect is about 10−3) with dense stacked opal structures have been obtained by self-assembly of SMs. In addition, highly ordered PCs (the stacking fault is about 3%, and the point defect is about 10−3) with non-dense packed opal structure and inverse opal structure were successfully prepared. PCs of inverse opal structure were used to examine their response characteristics to identify ethanol, exhibiting good performance. Our research may provide significant inspiration for the development of other sorts of microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Hongbo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Chunxia Hua
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Jiupeng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yao Li
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Ying Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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7
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Nano-Engineered Tunable Photonic Crystals. SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC MATERIALS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48933-9_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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8
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Fuentes KM, Betancourt P, Marrero S, García S. Photocatalytic degradation of phenol using doped titania supported on photonic SiO2 spheres. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-016-1097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Men D, Liu D, Li Y. Visualized optical sensors based on two/three-dimensional photonic crystals for biochemicals. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Sedighi A, Qiu S, Wong MCK, Li PCH. Dip-in Indicators for Visual Differentiation of Fuel Mixtures Based on Wettability of Fluoroalkylchlorosilane-Coated Inverse Opal Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:28387-92. [PMID: 26634404 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have developed the dip-in indicator based on the inverse opal film (IOF) for visual differentiation of organic liquid mixtures, such as oil/gasoline or ethanol/gasoline fuel mixtures. The IOF consists of a three-dimensional porous structure with a highly ordered periodic arrangement of nanopores. The specularly reflected light at the interface of the nanopores and silica walls contributes to the structural color of the IOF film. This color disappears when the nanopores are infiltrated by a liquid with a similar refractive index to silica. The disappearance of the structural color provides a means to differentiate various liquid fuel mixtures based on their wettability of the nanopores in the IOF-based indicators. For differentiation of various liquid mixtures, we tune the wettability threshold of the indicator in such a way that it is wetted (color disappears) by one liquid but is not wetted by the other (color remains). Although colorimetric differentiation of liquids based on IOF wettability has been reported, differentiation of highly similar liquid mixtures require complicated readout approaches. It is known that the IOF wettability is controlled by multiple surface properties (e.g., oleophobicity) and structural properties (e.g., neck angle and film thickness) of the nanostructure. Therefore, we aim to exploit the combined tuning of these properties for differentiation of fuel mixtures with close compositions. In this study, we have demonstrated that, for the first time, the IOF-based dip-in indicator is able to detect a slight difference in the fuel mixture composition (i.e., 0.4% of oil content). Moreover, the color/no-color differentiation platform is simple, powerful, and easy-to-read. This platform makes the dip-in indicator a promising tool for authentication and determination of fuel composition at the point-of-purchase or point-of-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abootaleb Sedighi
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Michael C K Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Paul C H Li
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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Xu Q, Lv Y, Dong C, Sreeprased TS, Tian A, Zhang H, Tang Y, Yu Z, Li N. Three-dimensional micro/nanoscale architectures: fabrication and applications. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:10883-10895. [PMID: 26059685 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02048d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) functional solids with programmable hierarchical micro/nanoarchitectures are critical for several fundamental applications, including structural composites, microfluidics, photonics, and tissue engineering. Due to the broad range of application possibilities, a large amount of effort has been devoted to the in-depth exploration of various top-down and bottom-up strategies to construct these complex multi-dimensional structures. In this review, we introduce and discuss selected examples of fabrication techniques which have successfully developed large area, novel 3D functional architectures with exquisite control over their morphology at the nano/subnanolevel. Emphasis is placed on the nanofabrication techniques, their salient features as well as advantages. A summary of the emerging application possibilities of such structures, especially in biomedicine, energy, and device construction, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China.
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12
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Demeyer PJ, Vandendriessche S, Van Cleuvenbergen S, Carron S, Bogaerts K, Parac-Vogt TN, Verbiest T, Clays K. Sandwich approach toward inverse opals with linear and nonlinear optical functionalities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:3870-3878. [PMID: 24559215 DOI: 10.1021/am4048464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous materials have unique structural and optical properties, making them useful for numerous applications in catalysis, membrane science, and optics. Accessible and economic fabrication of these materials is essential to fully explore the many possibilities that these materials present. A new templating method to fabricate three-dimensionally ordered macroporous materials without overlayers is presented. The resulting structures are freestanding inverse opals with large-area uniformity. The versatility and power of our fabrication method is demonstrated by synthesizing inverse opals displaying fluorescence, chirality, upconversion, second harmonic generation, and third harmonic generation. This economical and versatile fabrication method will facilitate research on inverse opals in general and on linear and nonlinear optical effects in 3D photonic crystals specifically. The relative ease of synthesis and wide variety of resulting materials will help the characterization and improvement of existing anomalous dispersion effects in these structures, while providing a platform for the discovery and demonstration of novel effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter-Jan Demeyer
- University of Leuven , Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200D & 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Flemish Brabant, Belgium
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13
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Mallinson C, Gray BM, Hector AL, McLachlan M, Owen JR. Templated non-oxide sol-gel preparation of well-ordered macroporous (inverse opal) Ta3N5 films. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:9994-9. [PMID: 23947333 PMCID: PMC3998517 DOI: 10.1021/ic4012718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of Ta(NMe2)5 and n-propylamine are shown to be an effective system for sol-gel processing of Ta3N5. Ordered macroporous films of Ta3N5 on silica substrates have been prepared by infiltration of such a sol into close-packed sacrificial templates of cross-linked 500 nm polystyrene spheres followed by pyrolysis under ammonia to remove the template and crystallize the Ta3N5. Templates with long-range order were produced by controlled humidity evaporation. Pyrolysis of a sol-infiltrated template at 600 °C removes the polystyrene but does not crystallize Ta3N5, and X-ray diffraction shows nanocrystalline TaN plus amorphous material. Heating at 700 °C crystallizes Ta3N5 while retaining a high degree of pore ordering, whereas at 800 °C porous films with a complete loss of order are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin M. Gray
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Andrew L. Hector
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Martyn
A. McLachlan
- Department of Materials
and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College
London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Owen
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United
Kingdom
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Ma J, Parajuli BR, Ghossoub MG, Mihi A, Sadhu J, Braun PV, Sinha S. Coherent phonon-grain boundary scattering in silicon inverse opals. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:618-624. [PMID: 23286238 DOI: 10.1021/nl304190s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements and modeling of thermal conductivity in periodic three-dimensional dielectric nanostructures, silicon inverse opals. Such structures represent a three-dimensional "phononic crystal" but affect heat flow instead of acoustics. Employing the Stober method, we fabricate high quality silica opal templates that on filling with amorphous silicon, etching and recrystallizing produce silicon inverse opals. The periodicities and shell thicknesses are in the range 420-900 and 18-38 nm, respectively. The thermal conductivity of inverse opal films are relatively low, ~0.6-1.4 W/mK at 300 K and arise due to macroscopic bending of heat flow lines in the structure. The corresponding material thermal conductivity is in the range 5-12 W/mK and has an anomalous ~T(1.8) dependence at low temperatures, distinct from the typical ~T(3) behavior of bulk polycrystalline silicon. Using phonon scattering theory, we show such dependence arising from coherent phonon reflections in the intergrain region. This is consistent with an unconfirmed theory proposed in 1955. The low thermal conductivity is significant for applications in photonics where they imply significant temperature rise at relatively low absorption and in thermoelectrics, where they suggest the possibility of enhancement in the figure of merit for polysilicon with optimal doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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15
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Self-assembly of colloidal spheres and application as solvent responding polymer film. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 389:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Huang KM, Ho CL, Chang HJ, Wu MC. Fabrication of inverted zinc oxide photonic crystal using sol-gel solution by spin coating method. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:306. [PMID: 23819709 PMCID: PMC3701479 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Inverted zinc oxide photonic crystal structures were fabricated from polystyrene sphere (PSS) template using the sol-gel solution of ZnO by spin-coating method. It is easily able to control and fabricate the photonic crystal structures using the self-organized PSS with a size of 193 nm. The inverted ZnO photonic crystal structures observed show the (111) tendency of the hexagonal compact arrangement formation. The resulting structures possess the photonic band gaps in the near-ultraviolet range and exhibit an enhanced photoluminescence spectrum. The technology can effectively increase the light output intensity or efficiency for the applications of optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Min Huang
- Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Lung Ho
- Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Jui Chang
- Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chyi Wu
- Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
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17
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Shen Z, Yang Y, Lu F, Bao B, You B. Self-assembly of binary particles and application as structural colors. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20305g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wu M, Li Y, Deng Z, Su BL. Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous titania with structural and photonic effects for enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. CHEMSUSCHEM 2011; 4:1481-1488. [PMID: 21994156 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The three dimensional photonic crystals concept has been employed for photocatalysis. Slow photons observed in photonic crystal structures will enhance the absorption of materials when the photon energy matches the absorbance of the materials, which would improve the photocatalytic efficiency. In this work, three dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) titania was prepared by applying the colloidal templating method with a range of pore diameters. Calcination at different temperatures to remove the templates resulted in different crystalline phases. The structural and photonic properties were characterized and their effects on photocatalytic activity are presented as well. A strong effect of the pore diameter on the photocatalytic activity was observed and correlated with the photon energy involved in the photodegradation process of organics. A very interesting phenomenon was also observed: the sample prepared by using PS spheres of 250 nm had a high photocatalytic efficiency, which mismatched the effect of pore diameter, probably owing to the slow photon effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry-CMI, University of Namur-FUNDP, Namur 5000, Belgium
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Orita T, Tomita M, Kato K. Regulation of cellular responses to macroporous inorganic films prepared by the inverse-opal method. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 84:187-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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20
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Ma Y, Chen JF, Ren Y, Tao X. Transition metal-doped titania inverse opals: Fabrication and characterization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Cho YS, Moon JH, Yi GR, Yang SM. Fabrication of Inorganic Inverse Opals by Hetero-Colloidal Self-Assembly. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690903196201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Hartsuiker A, Vos WL. Structural properties of opals grown with vertical controlled drying. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:4670-4675. [PMID: 18366233 DOI: 10.1021/la800137e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have grown thin opals of self-assembled silica colloids by the well-known vertically controlled drying method. The volume fraction at the start of the growth and the temperature were systematically varied. We have quantitatively characterized the lateral domain sizes by scanning electron microscopy. The sample thickness as a function of position was obtained from Fabry-Pérot fringes measured in optical reflectivity. We observe that the sample thickness strongly increases from top to bottom, independent of temperature, in agreement with a model that we propose. The inhomogeneity in thickness contrasts with earlier reports. The lateral domain shapes of the single-crystal domains are found to vary from irregular near the top to rectangular near the bottom. A surprising observation is that, grosso modo, the lateral domain extents increase linearly with thickness (i.e., thin crystals are small, and thick crystals are large). This behavior agrees qualitatively with results on completely different colloids such as disordered slurries. The consequence of our results for optical applications, including photonic crystals, is that unwanted scattering due to grain boundaries is reduced for large domains that are thick. Conversely, thin crystals will scatter relatively strongly from grain boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hartsuiker
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics AMOLF, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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23
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Li Q, Retsch M, Wang J, Knoll W, Jonas U. Porous Networks Through Colloidal Templates. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2008; 287:135-80. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2008_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Lange B, Fleischhaker F, Zentel R. Chemical Approach to Functional Artificial Opals. Macromol Rapid Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200700104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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McLachlan MA, McComb DW, Berhanu S, Jones TS. Template directed synthesis of nanostructured phthalocyanine thin films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b708301g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Madhavi S, Ferraris C, White T. Synthesis and characterization of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous ternary oxide. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Arsenault AC, Halfyard J, Wang Z, Kitaev V, Ozin GA, Manners I, Mihi A, Míguez H. Tailoring photonic crystals with nanometer-scale precision using polyelectrolyte multilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:499-503. [PMID: 15641812 DOI: 10.1021/la0479713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a rapid, accurate, and convenient method for postsynthetically tuning the optical properties of colloidal photonic crystals. High quality photonic crystal films are first synthesized and then coated iteratively with layers of water-soluble polyelectrolytes. The coating process results in nanometer-scale shifts in the photonic stop band, a process which has been monitored by theoretical modeling. The results suggest a fundamentally different, reproducible layering mechanism inside the confined spaces of the colloidal crystal where polyelectrolyte multilayers are less densely packed.
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Rengarajan R, Mittleman D, Rich C, Colvin V. Effect of disorder on the optical properties of colloidal crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2005; 71:016615. [PMID: 15697755 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.71.016615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2004] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal crystals offer a promising route for the formation of three-dimensional photonic crystals. The primary constraint in working with these materials is the disorder present in these self-assembled materials. Sphere vacancies, line dislocations, and random position errors all lead to a degradation in the optical properties. It is important to characterize these effects so as to guide further developments in colloidal crystal optics. Here, we report a systematic and quantitative study of disorder in colloidal crystals with visible diffractive properties. Using optical spectroscopy and digital imaging we have correlated several measures of structural disorder with variations in the transmissive and reflective optical properties. We observe a critical size distribution above which rapid deterioration of the lowest stop band is observed. Below this critical size distribution, we observe excellent optical quality, nearly independent of the size distribution. Single sphere vacancies also increase in crystals formed from more polydisperse spheres. The primary effect of this type of defect is to increase the broadband diffuse scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Rengarajan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, MS-366, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
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Rugge A, Park JS, Gordon RG, Tolbert SH. Tantalum(V) Nitride Inverse Opals as Photonic Structures for Visible Wavelengths. J Phys Chem B 2004; 109:3764-71. [PMID: 16851423 DOI: 10.1021/jp047068b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of materials with a complete photonic band gap at visible wavelengths is believed to have the potential to lead to new control over long-lived emissive excited states, single molecule lasers, and nearly lossless nanoscale waveguides. In this work we move toward that goal with the synthesis of an inverse opal thin film of Ta3N5 produced through atomic layer deposition. The highly regular architecture achievable by atomic layer deposition is combined with an unusually high refractive index and transparency in at least part of the visible spectrum. The result is a material that represents the closest example to date of a photonic crystal with a band gap at optical wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rugge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kamenjicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, and Department of Chemistry, University of Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York 12222
| | - Igor K. Lednev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, and Department of Chemistry, University of Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York 12222
| | - Sanford A. Asher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, and Department of Chemistry, University of Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York 12222
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Wong S, Kitaev V, Ozin GA. Colloidal Crystal Films: Advances in Universality and Perfection. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:15589-98. [PMID: 14664606 DOI: 10.1021/ja0379969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
For three-dimensional photonic crystals, made either by top-down microfabrication or by bottom-up self-assembly approaches, to comply with the stringent requirements of optical telecommunication applications, their degree of structural perfection and optical quality must meet an exceptionally high standard. Only with such superior quality photonic crystals can their unique optical properties be harnessed in optical devices and circuits constructed from micrometer-sized optical components. In this paper, we present a new strategy for making silica colloidal crystal films with a sufficiently high level of structural perfection and optical quality to make it competitive as a practical route to photonic crystal optical components. The attainment of this goal takes due cognizance of three key synergistic factors in the film formation process. The first recognizes the necessity to prepare high-quality silica spheres, which are highly monodisperse, with a polydispersity index significantly better than 2%, and the second recognizes that the population of spheres must be devoid of even the smallest fraction of substantially smaller or larger spheres or sphere doublets. The latter turns out to have a minimal effect on the polydispersity index, and yet a major detrimental effect on the overall structural order of the film. The third concerns the film-forming method itself, which necessitated the development of a novel process founded upon isothermal heating evaporation-induced self-assembly (IHEISA) of spheres on a planar substrate. This new method has several advantages over previously reported ones. It is able to deposit very high-quality silica colloidal crystal film rapidly over large areas, with a controlled thickness and without any restrictions on sphere sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Wong
- Materials Chemistry Research Group, Chemistry Department, 80 St. George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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