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Tuyen Ho M, Barrett A, Wang Y, Hu Q. Bioinspired and Biomimetic Gene Delivery Systems. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37905498 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy that can introduce, counteract, or replace genes possesses great potential to address diseases at their genetic roots. A wide range of technologies, such as RNA interference, genome editing, DNA transformation, and mRNA vaccines, have been extensively investigated to modulate gene expression in an attempt to treat a myriad of diseases. Despite the great promise of gene therapeutics, a series of intracellular and extracellular barriers must be surmounted, including rapid clearance in circulation, insufficient site-specific accumulation, suboptimal cellular internalization, and deficient transfection efficiency. Advances in the delivery systems for gene delivery bring about profound progress in enhancing the bioavailability and biocompatibility of gene therapeutics. Notably, bioinspired and biomimetic gene delivery systems have emerged, which draw inspiration from natural processes and recapitulate the desired traits and functions of viruses, bacteria, exosomes, and eukaryotic cells. The integration of bioinspired and biomimetic designs can overcome biological barriers, improve the pharmacokinetic profile, and efficiently transport gene therapeutics to target cells. As such, these platforms amplify the therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects, thus expediting the clinical translation of gene therapy. Herein, we summarize the latest advances in designing bioinspired or biomimetic delivery systems, introduce their advantages, and discuss the obstacles to overcome with rational designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mong Tuyen Ho
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Allie Barrett
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Yixin Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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2
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Lin M, Lin A, Huang S, Liu T, Ke F, Qiu D, Lin X, Luo D. Development of a novel vector for
siRNA
Delivery based on Arginine Modified Polyvinylamine. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Aizhu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation of Non Human Primate National Health Commission Fuzhou 350013 Fujian China
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Fuzhou 350012 Fujian China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Tianhui Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Fang Ke
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Deshun Qiu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Xuefeng Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Daoshu Luo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
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3
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Potential of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) in delivery of antiviral therapeutics and vaccines. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 169:106094. [PMID: 34896590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are a great threat to human health. Currently, there are no effective vaccines and antiviral drugs against the majority of viral diseases, suggesting the need to develop novel and effective antiviral agents. Since the intracellular delivery of antiviral agents, particularly the impermeable molecules, such as peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids, are essential to exert their therapeutic effects, using a delivery system is highly required. Among various delivery systems, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), a group of short peptides with the unique ability of crossing cell membrane, offer great potential for the intracellular delivery of various biologically active cargoes. The results of numerous in vitro and in vivo studies with CPP conjugates demonstrate their promise as therapeutic agents in various medical fields including antiviral therapy. The CPP-mediated delivery of various antiviral agents including peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, and nanocarriers have been associated with therapeutic efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. This review describes various aspects of viruses including their biology, pathogenesis, and therapy and briefly discusses the concept of CPP and its potential in drug delivery. Particularly, it will highlight a variety of CPP applications in the management of viral infections.
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4
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Key considerations in formulation development for gene therapy products. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:292-303. [PMID: 34500102 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy emerged as an important area of research and led to the success of multiple product approvals in the clinic. The number of clinical trials for this class of therapeutics is expected to grow over the next decade. Gene therapy products are complex and heterogeneous, employ different types of vectors and are susceptible to degradation. The product development process for commercially viable gene-based pharmaceuticals remains challenging. In this review, challenges, stability, and drug product formulation development strategies using viral or non-viral vectors, as well as accelerated regulatory approval pathways for gene therapy products are discussed.
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5
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Anwar DM, El-Sayed M, Reda A, Fang JY, Khattab SN, Elzoghby AO. Recent advances in herbal combination nanomedicine for cancer: delivery technology and therapeutic outcomes. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1609-1625. [PMID: 34254868 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1955853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The use of herbal compounds in cancer therapy has great potential to promote the efficacy of current cancer therapeutic strategies. Herbal compounds were successfully reported to enhance tumor cells sensitization to the action of chemo-, hormonal- and gene-therapeutic agents via different mechanisms. Herbal ingredients can affect different signaling pathways, reduce the toxic side effects or inhibit the efflux of anticancer drugs.Areas covered: This review will discuss the delivery of herbal compounds with other cancer treatments such as hormonal, small molecule inhibitors and inorganic hybrids to tumor cells. An overview of physicochemical properties of herbal components that require intelligent design of combo-nanomedicines for efficient co-delivery of those herbal-derived and other anticancer agents was discussed. Nanocarriers provide various benefits to overcome the shortcomings of the encapsulated herbal compounds including improved solubility, increased stability and enhanced tumor targeting. Different nanocarrier systems were the focus of this review.Expert opinion: Multifunctional nanocarrier systems encapsulating herbal and different anticancer drugs showed to be a wonderful approach in the treatment of cancer enabling the co-delivery of anticancer drugs with versatile modes of action in an accurate manner in an attempt to enhance the efficacy, benefit from the synergism between the drugs as well as to minimize the development of multi-drug resistance. The main challenge point is the early detection and management of any developed adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M Anwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science Technology & Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt.,Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mousa El-Sayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Reda
- Nanomedicine Division, Center for Materials Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of AnesthesiologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sherine N Khattab
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Elzoghby
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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6
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Liu H, Yang Z, Xun Z, Gao Z, Sun Y, Yu J, Yang T, Zhao X, Cai C, Ding P. Nuclear delivery of plasmid DNA determines the efficiency of gene expression. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:789-798. [PMID: 31042002 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As a cationic non-viral gene delivery vector, poly(agmatine/ N, N'-cystamine-bis-acrylamide) (AGM-CBA) showed significantly higher plasmid DNA (pDNA) transfection ability than polyethylenimine (PEI) in NIH/3T3 cells. The transfection expression of AGM-CBA/pDNA polyplexes was found to have a non-linear relationship with AGM-CBA/pDNA weight ratios. To further investigate the mechanism involved in the transfection process of poly(AGM-CBA), we used pGL3-control luciferase reporter gene (pLUC) as a reporter pDNA in this study. The distribution of pLUC in NIH/3T3 cells and nuclei after AGM-CBA/pLUC and PEI/pLUC transfection were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. The intracellular trafficking of the polyplexes was evaluated by cellular uptake and nuclei delivery of pLUC, and the intracellular availability was evaluated by the ratio of transfection expression to the numbers of pLUC delivered in nuclei. It was found that pLUC intracellular trafficking did not have any correlation with the transfection expression, while an excellent correlation was found between the nuclei pLUC availability and transfection expression. These results suggested that the intracellular availability of pLUC in nuclei was the rate-limiting step for pLUC transfection expression. Further optimization of the non-viral gene delivery system can be focused on the improvement of gene intracellular availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Research and development Center, CR Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Zhe Xun
- Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Zihao Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Jiankun Yu
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME, 04401, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Cuifang Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
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7
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Jiang P, Zhu Y, Kang K, Luo B, He J, Wu Y. Protein corona of magnetic PEI/siRNA complex under the influence of a magnetic field improves transfection efficiency via complement and coagulation cascades. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00746f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic fields enhance the silencing efficiency via the alteration of protein corona adsorbed on magnetic PEI/siRNA complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Ke Kang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Yao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
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8
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Zhou Z, Liu X, Zhu D, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Qiu N, Chen X, Shen Y. Nonviral cancer gene therapy: Delivery cascade and vector nanoproperty integration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 115:115-154. [PMID: 28778715 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy represents a promising cancer treatment featuring high efficacy and limited side effects, but it is stymied by a lack of safe and efficient gene-delivery vectors. Cationic polymers and lipid-based nonviral gene vectors have many advantages and have been extensively explored for cancer gene delivery, but their low gene-expression efficiencies relative to viral vectors limit their clinical translations. Great efforts have thus been devoted to developing new carrier materials and fabricating functional vectors aimed at improving gene expression, but the overall efficiencies are still more or less at the same level. This review analyzes the cancer gene-delivery cascade and the barriers, the needed nanoproperties and the current strategies for overcoming these barriers, and outlines PEGylation, surface-charge, size, and stability dilemmas in vector nanoproperties to efficiently accomplish the cancer gene-delivery cascade. Stability, surface, and size transitions (3S Transitions) are proposed to resolve those dilemmas and strategies to realize these transitions are comprehensively summarized. The review concludes with a discussion of the future research directions to design high-performance nonviral gene vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxian Zhou
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangrui Liu
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Dingcheng Zhu
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Nasha Qiu
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Key Lab of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, 310027 Hangzhou, China.
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9
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Shorter SA, Gollings AS, Gorringe-Pattrick MAM, Coakley JE, Dyer PDR, Richardson SCW. The potential of toxin-based drug delivery systems for enhanced nucleic acid therapeutic delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:685-696. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1227781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Lin CY, Hsieh HY, Chen CM, Wu SR, Tsai CH, Huang CY, Hua MY, Wei KC, Yeh CK, Liu HL. Non-invasive, neuron-specific gene therapy by focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening in Parkinson's disease mouse model. J Control Release 2016; 235:72-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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11
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Chu H, Kohane DS, Langer R. RNA therapeutics - The potential treatment for myocardial infarction. Regen Ther 2016; 4:83-91. [PMID: 31245491 PMCID: PMC6581817 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA therapeutics mainly control gene expression at the transcript level. In contrast to conventional gene therapy which solely increases production of a protein, delivered RNAs can enhance, reduce or abolish synthesis of a particular protein, which control its relevant activities in a more diverse fashion. Thus, they hold promise to treat many human diseases including myocardial infarction (MI). MI is a serious health burden that causes substantial morbidity and mortality. An unmet clinical need for treating MI is the recovery of cardiac function, which requires regeneration of the functional tissues including the vasculature, nerves, and myocardium. Several classes of RNA therapeutics have been investigated in preclinical MI models, and the results have demonstrated their benefits and encourage their future development. In this review, we summarize the common RNA therapeutic approaches and highlight their application in MI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunghao Chu
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Daniel S. Kohane
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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12
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Lin CY, Hsieh HY, Pitt WG, Huang CY, Tseng IC, Yeh CK, Wei KC, Liu HL. Focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening for non-viral, non-invasive, and targeted gene delivery. J Control Release 2015; 212:1-9. [PMID: 26071631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Focused ultrasound (FUS) exposure in the presence of microbubbles can temporally open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and is an emerging technique for non-invasive brain therapeutic agent delivery. Given the potential to deliver large molecules into the CNS via this technique, we propose a reliable strategy to synergistically apply FUS-BBB opening for the non-invasive and targeted delivery of non-viral genes into the CNS for therapeutic purpose. In this study, we developed a gene-liposome system, in which the liposomes are designed to carry plasmid DNA (pDNA, containing luciferase reporter gene) to form a liposomal-plasmid DNA (LpDNA) complex. Pulsed FUS exposure was delivered to induce BBB opening (500-kHz, burst length=10ms, 1% duty cycle, PRF=1Hz). The longitudinal expression of luciferase was quantitated via an in vivo imaging system (IVIS). The reporter gene expression level was confirmed via immunoblotting, and histological staining was used to identify transfected cells via fluorescent microscopy. In a comparison of gene transduction efficiency, the LpDNA system showed better cell transduction than the pDNA system. With longitudinal observation of IVIS monitoring, animals with FUS treatment showed significant promotion of LpDNA release into the CNS and demonstrated enhanced expression of genes upon sonication with FUS-BBB opening, while both the luciferase and GDNF protein expression were successfully measured via Western blotting. The gene expression peak was observed at day 2, and the gene expression level was up to 5-fold higher than that in the untreated hemisphere (compared to a 1-fold increase in the direct-inject positive-control group). The transfection efficiency was also found to be LpDNA dose-dependent, where higher payloads of pDNA resulted in a higher transfection rate. Immunoblotting and histological staining confirmed the expression of reporter genes in glial cells as well as astrocytes. This study suggests that IV administration of LpDNA in combination with FUS-BBB opening can provide effective gene delivery and expression in the CNS, demonstrating the potential to achieve non-invasive and targeted gene delivery for treatment of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yin Lin
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yi Hsieh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - William G Pitt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, United States
| | - Chiung-Yin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - I-Chou Tseng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Hao-Li Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Health Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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13
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Hagiwara K, Ochiya T, Kosaka N. A paradigm shift for extracellular vesicles as small RNA carriers: from cellular waste elimination to therapeutic applications. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 4:31-7. [PMID: 24533256 PMCID: PMC3918124 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-013-0180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an important avenue for target-specific gene silencing that is mainly performed by either small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs). This novel method is rapidly becoming a powerful tool for gene therapy. However, the rapid degradation of siRNAs and miRNAs and the limited duration of their action in vivo call for an efficient delivery technology. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as delivery systems. The use of EVs as small RNA carriers has multiple advantages over conventional delivery systems. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the potential application of EVs as small RNA delivery systems. Moreover, we focus on some of the obstacles to EV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Hagiwara
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045 Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045 Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kosaka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045 Japan
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14
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Nair JB, Mohapatra S, Ghosh S, Maiti KK. Novel lysosome targeted molecular transporter built on a guanidinium-poly-(propylene imine) hybrid dendron for efficient delivery of doxorubicin into cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2403-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09829c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new dendron-based octa-guanidine appended molecular transporter with a lysosomal targeted peptide–doxorubicin conjugate. The transporter is found non-toxic, lysosomal selectivity while the conjugate showed significant cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi B. Nair
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Industrial Estate
- Pappanamcode
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
| | - Saswat Mohapatra
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Jadavpur
- India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Jadavpur
- India
| | - Kaustabh K. Maiti
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Industrial Estate
- Pappanamcode
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
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15
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DNA nanotechnology-based development of delivery systems for bioactive compounds. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 58:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Choi YS, Lee MY, David AE, Park YS. Nanoparticles for gene delivery: therapeutic and toxic effects. Mol Cell Toxicol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-014-0001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Yang J, Liu H, Zhang X. Design, preparation and application of nucleic acid delivery carriers. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 32:804-17. [PMID: 24239630 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery vectors must deliver their cargoes into the cytosol or the nucleus, where DNA or siRNA functions in vivo. Therefore it is crucial for the rational design of the nucleic acid delivery carriers. Compared with viral vectors, non-viral vectors have overcome some fatal defections in gene therapy. Whereas the most important issue for the non-viral vectors is the low transfection efficiency, which hinders the progress of non-viral carriers. Sparked by the structures of the virus and understanding of the process of virus infection, various biomimic structures of non-viral carriers were designed and prepared to improve the transfection issues in vitro and in vivo. However, less impressive results are achieved. In this review, we will investigate the evolution of the virus-mimicking carriers of nucleic acids for gene therapy, especially in cancer therapy; explore and discuss the relationship between the structures, materials and functions of the carriers, to provide guidance for establishing safe and highly efficient non-viral carriers for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Abstract
Nonviral vector technology is attracting increasing importance in the biomedical community owing to unique advantages and prospects for the treatment of severe diseases by gene therapy. In this review, synthetic vectors that allow the controlled design of efficient and biocompatible carriers are highlighted. The current benefits, potentials, problems and unmet needs of synthetic gene delivery systems, as well as the strategies to overcome the obstacles are also discussed. Common design principles and structure–activity trends have been established that are important for stable and targeted transport to regions of interest in the body, efficient uptake into cells as well as controlled release of drugs inside the cells, for example, in specialized compartments. The status quo of the use of these systems in preclinical and clinical trials is also considered.
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Genetically engineered microvesicles carrying suicide mRNA/protein inhibit schwannoma tumor growth. Mol Ther 2012; 21:101-8. [PMID: 22910294 PMCID: PMC3538300 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) play an important role in intercellular communication by carrying mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), non-coding RNAs, proteins, and DNA from cell to cell. To our knowledge, this is the first report of delivery of a therapeutic mRNA/protein via MVs for treatment of cancer. We first generated genetically engineered MVs by expressing high levels of the suicide gene mRNA and protein–cytosine deaminase (CD) fused to uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT) in MV donor cells. MVs were isolated from these cells and used to treat pre-established nerve sheath tumors (schwannomas) in an orthotopic mouse model. We demonstrated that MV-mediated delivery of CD-UPRT mRNA/protein by direct injection into schwannomas led to regression of these tumors upon systemic treatment with the prodrug (5-fluorocytosine (5-FC)), which is converted within tumor cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)–an anticancer agent. Taken together, these studies suggest that MVs can serve as novel cell-derived “liposomes” to effectively deliver therapeutic mRNA/proteins to treatment of diseases.
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21
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Smeets R, Gerhards F, Stein J, Pereira Paz RM, Vogt S, Pautke C, Weitz J, Kolk A. A novel hemostatic delivery device for thrombin: Biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) 50:50 microspheres. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 96:177-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stephen SL, Freestone K, Dunn S, Twigg MW, Homer-Vanniasinkam S, Walker JH, Wheatcroft SB, Ponnambalam S. Scavenger receptors and their potential as therapeutic targets in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Int J Hypertens 2010; 2010:646929. [PMID: 20981357 PMCID: PMC2958427 DOI: 10.4061/2010/646929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptors act as membrane-bound and soluble proteins that bind to macromolecular complexes and pathogens. This diverse supergroup of proteins mediates binding to modified lipoprotein particles which regulate the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. In vascular tissues, scavenger receptors are implicated in regulating intracellular signaling, lipid accumulation, foam cell development, and cellular apoptosis or necrosis linked to the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. One approach is using gene therapy to modulate scavenger receptor function in atherosclerosis. Ectopic expression of membrane-bound scavenger receptors using viral vectors can modify lipid profiles and reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis. Alternatively, expression of soluble scavenger receptors can also block plaque initiation and progression. Inhibition of scavenger receptor expression using a combined gene therapy and RNA interference strategy also holds promise for long-term therapy. Here we review our current understanding of the gene delivery by viral vectors to cells and tissues in gene therapy strategies and its application to the modulation of scavenger receptor function in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam L Stephen
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Min JJ, Nguyen VH, Gambhir SS. Molecular imaging of biological gene delivery vehicles for targeted cancer therapy: beyond viral vectors. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010; 44:15-24. [PMID: 24899933 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-009-0006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Revised: 11/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer persists as one of the most devastating diseases in the world. Problems including metastasis and tumor resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy have seriously limited the therapeutic effects of present clinical treatments. To overcome these limitations, cancer gene therapy has been developed over the last two decades for a broad spectrum of applications, from gene replacement and knockdown to vaccination, each with different requirements for gene delivery. So far, a number of genes and delivery vectors have been investigated, and significant progress has been made with several gene therapy modalities in clinical trials. Viral vectors and synthetic liposomes have emerged as the vehicles of choice for many applications. However, both have limitations and risks that restrict gene therapy applications, including the complexity of production, limited packaging capacity, and unfavorable immunological features. While continuing to improve these vectors, it is important to investigate other options, particularly nonviral biological agents such as bacteria, bacteriophages, and bacteria-like particles. Recently, many molecular imaging techniques for safe, repeated, and high-resolution in vivo imaging of gene expression have been employed to assess vector-mediated gene expression in living subjects. In this review, molecular imaging techniques for monitoring biological gene delivery vehicles are described, and the specific use of these methods at different steps is illustrated. Linking molecular imaging to gene therapy will eventually help to develop novel gene delivery vehicles for preclinical study and support the development of future human applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Joon Min
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 5 Hak1 dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-746 Republic of Korea
| | - Vu H Nguyen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 5 Hak1 dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-746 Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program, Department of Radiology & Bioengineering, Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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24
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Abstract
Gene therapy covers a broad spectrum of applications, from gene replacement and knockdown for genetic or acquired diseases such as cancer, to vaccination, each with different requirements for gene delivery. Viral vectors and synthetic liposomes have emerged as the vehicles of choice for many applications today, but both have limitations and risks, including complexity of production, limited packaging capacity, and unfavorable immunological features, which restrict gene therapy applications and hold back the potential for preventive gene therapy. While continuing to improve these vectors, it is important to investigate other options, particularly nonviral biological agents which include bacteria, bacteriophage, virus-like particles (VLPs), erythrocyte ghosts, and exosomes. Exploiting the natural properties of these biological entities for specific gene delivery applications will expand the repertoire of gene therapy vectors available for clinical use. Here, we review the prospects for nonviral biological delivery vehicles as gene therapy agents with focus on their unique evolved biological properties and respective limitations and potential applications. The potential of these nonviral biological entities to act as clinical gene therapy delivery vehicles has already been shown in clinical trials using bacteria-mediated gene transfer and with sufficient development, these entities will complement the established delivery techniques for gene therapy applications.
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Lechardeur D, Lukacs GL. Nucleocytoplasmic transport of plasmid DNA: a perilous journey from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Hum Gene Ther 2006; 17:882-9. [PMID: 16972756 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonviral vectors represent a promising approach for the safe delivery of therapeutic DNA in genetic and acquired human diseases. Before synthetic vector systems can be used for clinical applications, their limited efficacy must be addressed. At the cellular level, successful gene transfer is dependent on several additional factors including DNA uptake, release from the DNA-vector complex, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. This paper reviews the major metabolic and physical impediments that plasmid DNA vectorized by synthetic vectors encounters between the cytosol and the nucleus. Plasmid DNA that escapes the endolysosomal compartment encounters the diffusional and metabolic barriers of the cytoplasm, reducing the number of intact plasmids that reach the nuclear envelope. Nuclear translocation of DNA requires either the disassembly of the nuclear envelope during cell division or active nuclear transport via the nuclear pore complex. In the nucleus, plasmid DNA is relatively stable, but its transcription and its fate during cell division are still debated. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of nonviral gene transfer during nucleocytoplasmic trafficking may provide strategies to overcome those obstacles that limit the efficiency of nonviral gene delivery. We review some of the current methods of gene transfer mediated by synthetic vectors, highlighting systems that exploit our actual knowledge of the nucleocytoplasmic transport of plasmid DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Lechardeur
- Hospital for Sick Children, Program in Cell and Lung Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8 Canada.
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Lechardeur D, Lukacs GL. Nucleocytoplasmic Transport of Plasmid DNA: A Perilous Journey from the Cytoplasm to the Nucleus. Hum Gene Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.ft-238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Sato W, Takei Y, Yuzawa Y, Matsuo S, Kadomatsu K, Muramatsu T. Midkine antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide inhibits renal damage induced by ischemic reperfusion. Kidney Int 2005; 67:1330-9. [PMID: 15780085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midkine, a heparin-binding growth factor, is involved in the migration of inflammatory cells. The inflammatory cell migration to the tubulointerstitium of the kidney after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is attenuated in midkine gene-deficient mice, resulting in better preservation of the tubulointerstitium compared with wild-type mice. In the present investigation, we planned to evaluate the usefulness of antisense midkine for the therapy of ischemic renal failure. METHODS Midkine antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) at a dose of 1 mg/kg in saline was intravenously administered to mice 1 day before or after I/R. The kidneys were removed for examination 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after I/R. RESULTS It was rapidly incorporated into proximal tubular epithelial cells, and inhibited midkine synthesis, leading to reduced migration of inflammatory cells to the injured epithelial layer. Consequently, the midkine antisense ODN-treated animals exhibited less severe renal damage than untreated or midkine sense ODN-treated animals 2 days after I/R as assessed by morphologic criteria and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels. Midkine expression, BUN, and serum creatinine levels were not significantly different between injection of midkine antisense ODN before and after ischemic injury. CONCLUSION These results indicate that intravenous injection of midkine antisense ODN is a candidate for a novel therapeutic strategy against acute tubulointerstitial injury induced by I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waichi Sato
- Department of Clinical Immunology of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Zhou QH, Miller DL, Carlisle RC, Seymour LW, Oupicky D. Ultrasound-enhanced transfection activity of HPMA-stabilized DNA polyplexes with prolonged plasma circulation. J Control Release 2005; 106:416-27. [PMID: 15967534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2005] [Revised: 05/12/2005] [Accepted: 05/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer gene therapy would greatly benefit from the possibility to deliver therapeutic genes via tumor-targeted systemic intravenous delivery. The main objective of this study was to determine biophysical, transfection, and pharmacokinetic properties of DNA complexes with reducible polycations that are reversibly stabilized by surface coating with multivalent HPMA copolymers. The specific goals were to evaluate compatibility of these polyplexes with extended plasma circulation, molecular targeting, and ultrasound-enhanced transfection activity. It was demonstrated that using polyplexes based on reducible polycations allows increasing transfection activity and preserving extended plasma circulation half-life observed for control polyplexes based on non-reducible polycations. In addition, the reversibly stabilized polyplexes were compatible with both molecular targeting using protein ligands as well as physical targeting using ultrasound-directed cavitation in vitro. As such, the described gene delivery vectors have the potential to permit efficient systemic delivery of therapeutic genes targeted by a local focused ultrasound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hui Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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29
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Marano RJ, Rakoczy PE. Treatments for choroidal and retinal neovascularization: a focus on oligonucleotide therapy and delivery for the regulation of gene function. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2005; 33:81-9. [PMID: 15670087 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2005.00952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Blinding eye diseases caused by neovascularization of the retinal tissue are the leading cause of blindness in Western societies. Current treatments, such as laser photocoagulation, are limited in their effectiveness at halting the progression of angiogenesis and are unable to reduce the number of vessels once they have developed. In addition, although complete blindness is often avoided, vision is often permanently impaired by the treatment itself. Several less invasive treatments are being developed and one of these is oligonucleotide gene therapy in which short stretches of nucleotides are being used as inhibitors of key, metabolic processes involved in angiogenesis. Combined with this is the development of new and improved nucleotide chemistries aimed at overcoming many of the problems associated with oligonucleotide gene therapy, such as poor longevity because of endonuclease activity. In addition, advancements in delivery systems have further enhanced the efficacy of oligonucleotide gene therapy by increasing cellular penetration and localizing delivery to specific cell types and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Marano
- Department of Molecular Ophthalmology, Lions Eye Institute, Western Australia, Australia.
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30
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Balaban AT, Ilies MA. Recent developments in cationic lipid-mediated gene delivery and gene therapy. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.11.11.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mima H, Tomoshige R, Kanamori T, Tabata Y, Yamamoto S, Ito S, Tamai K, Kaneda Y. Biocompatible polymer enhances thein vitro andin vivo transfection efficiency of HVJ envelope vector. J Gene Med 2005; 7:888-97. [PMID: 15712245 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vector development is critical for the advancement of human gene therapy. However, the use of viral vectors raises many safety concerns and most non-viral methods are less efficient for gene transfer. One of the breakthroughs in vector technology is the combination of the vector with various polymers. METHODS HVJ (hemagglutinating virus of Japan) envelope vector (HVJ-E) has been developed as a versatile gene transfer vector. In this study, we combined HVJ-E with cationized gelatin to make it a more powerful tool and assessed its transfection efficiency in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we investigated the mechanism of the gene transfer by means of the inhibition of fusion or endocytosis. RESULTS The combination of both protamine sulfate and cationized gelatin with HVJ-E, referred to as PS-CG-HVJ-E, further enhanced the in vitro transfection efficiency. In CT26 cells, the luciferase gene expression of PS-CG-HVJ-E was approximately 10 times higher than that of the combination of protamine sulfate with HVJ-E or the combination of cationized gelatin with HVJ-E, referred to as PS-HVJ-E or CG-HVJ-E, respectively. Furthermore, the luciferase gene expression in liver mediated by intravenous administration of CG-HVJ-E was much higher than the luciferase gene expression mediated by PS-HVJ-E or PS-CG-HVJ-E and approximately 100 times higher than that mediated by HVJ-E alone. CONCLUSIONS Cationized gelatin-conjugated HVJ-E enhanced gene transfection efficiency both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that low molecular weight cationized gelatin may be appropriate for complex formation with various envelope viruses, such as retrovirus, herpes virus and HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Mima
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Hashida M, Kawakami S, Yamashita F. Lipid Carrier Systems for Targeted Drug and Gene Delivery. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 53:871-80. [PMID: 16079512 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.53.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For effective chemotherapy, it is necessary to deliver therapeutic agents selectively to their target sites, since most drugs are associated with both beneficial effects and side effects. The use of lipid dispersion carrier systems, such as lipid emulsions and liposomes, as carriers of lipophilic drugs has attracted particular interest. A drug delivery system can be defined as a methodology for manipulating drug distribution in the body. Since drug distribution depends on the carrier, administration route, particle size of the carrier, lipid composition of the carrier, electric charge of the carrier and ligand density of the targeting carrier, these factors must be optimized. Recently, the lipid carrier system has also been applied to gene delivery systems for gene therapy. However, in both drug and gene medicine cases, a lack of cell-selectivity limits the wide application of this kind of drug and/or gene therapy. Therefore, lipid carrier systems for targeted drug and gene delivery must be developed for the rational therapy. In this review, we shall focus on the progress of research into lipid carrier systems for drug and gene delivery following systemic or local injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Hashida
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Liu F, Tyagi P. Naked DNA for Liver Gene Transfer. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2005; 54:43-64. [PMID: 16096007 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2660(05)54003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The majority of acquired and inherited genetic disorders, including most inborn errors of metabolism, are manifested in the liver. Therefore, it is hardly any surprise to see a large number of Medline reports describing gene therapy efforts in preclinical settings directed toward this organ (Inoue et al., 2004; Oka and Chen, 2004). Of late, non-viral vectors have garnered a lot of attention from the biomedical research community engaged in liver gene therapy (Gupta et al., 2004). However, the first initiative toward gene transfer to the liver using a non-viral approach was taken by Hickman et al. (1994), who applied the technique of naked DNA injection pioneered by Wolff (1990) for skeletal muscle. Direct injection of naked DNA resulted in low, variable and localized gene expression in the rat liver. Consequently, several developments reported in the literature since then aimed to improve hepatic gene expression by employing both surgical and nonsurgical methods. These developments include the exploitation of the unique vasculature of liver as well as the use of electric and mechanical force as an adjunct to the systemic administration of the naked plasmid gene. This chapter focuses on these developments reported from various laboratories, including ours. In addition, the underlying mechanism responsible for the dramatic increase in gene expression using these latest approaches for non-viral gene transfer to the liver is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, School of Pharmacy University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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N/A. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:799-802. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i6.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Yockman JW, Maheshwari A, Han SO, Kim SW. Tumor regression by repeated intratumoral delivery of water soluble lipopolymers/p2CMVmIL-12 complexes. J Control Release 2003; 87:177-86. [PMID: 12618034 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(02)00362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recruitment of the body's own immune system is amongst the most potent defenses known against cancer. Recent attempts to harness this response have enlisted the use of the immune modulating cytokine, interleukin-12 (IL-12). The objective of this work is to investigate the organ distribution and anti-tumor response in vivo after intratumoral administration of IL-12 expression plasmid complexed with water soluble lipopolymer (WSLP). Formulations of WSLP/p2CMVmIL-12 at N/P mol ratio of 20:1 were prepared in the presence of 5% (w/v) glucose. Organ distribution data following intratumoral injection of CT-26 subcutaneous tumor-bearing BALB/c mice demonstrated enhanced retention of WSLP/p2CMVmIL-12 complexes within the tumor and limited accumulation in other organs for up to 96 h. Tumor-bearing BALB/c mice received either single or repeated intratumoral injections at 4- or 8-day intervals to examine the efficacy of single versus repeated injections on tumor regression and survival. Significant tumor growth inhibition during 4- and 8-day injection trials was observed with maximal survival in mice receiving 4-day injections of WSLP/p2CMVmIL-12 complexes. In conclusion, the water-soluble non-toxic lipopolymer complexed with p2CMVIL-12 showed enhanced transgene expression in vivo, inhibits the rate of tumor growth, and significantly increases survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Yockman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, BPRB, Room 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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36
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Cui Z, Mumper RJ. Plasmid DNA-entrapped nanoparticles engineered from microemulsion precursors: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Bioconjug Chem 2002; 13:1319-27. [PMID: 12440869 DOI: 10.1021/bc0255586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonviral gene therapy has been a rapidly growing field. However, delivery systems that can provide protection for pDNA and potential targeting are still desired. A novel pDNA-nanoparticle delivery system was developed by entrapping hydrophobized pDNA inside nanoparticles engineered from oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion precursors. Plasmid DNA was hydrophobized by complexing with cationic surfactants DOTAP and DDAB. Warm O/W microemulsions were prepared at 50-55 degrees C with emulsifying wax, Brij 78, Tween 20, and Tween 80. Nanoparticles were engineered by simply cooling the O/W microemulsions containing the hydrophobized pDNA in the oil phase to room temperature while stirring. The nanoparticles were characterized by particle sizing, zeta-potential, and TEM. Nanoparticles were challenged with serum nucleases to assess pDNA stability. In addition, the nanoparticles were coincubated with simulated biological media to assess their stability. In vitro hepatocyte transfection studies were completed with uncoated nanoparticles or nanoparticles coated with pullulan, a hepatocyte targeting ligand. In vivo biodistribution of the nanoparticles containing I-125 labeled pDNA was monitored 30 min after tail-vein injection to Balb/C mice. Depending on the hydrophobizing lipid agent employed, uniform pDNA-entrapped nanoparticles (100-160 nm in diameter) were engineered within minutes from warm O/W microemulsion precursors. The nanoparticles were negatively charged (-6 to -15 mV) and spherical. An anionic exchange column was used to separate unentrapped pDNA from nanoparticles. Gel permeation chromatography of pDNA-entrapped and serum-digested nanoparticles showed that the incorporation efficiency was approximately 30%. Free 'naked' pDNA was completely digested by serum nucleases while the entrapped pDNA remained intact. Moreover, in vitro transfection studies in Hep G2 cells showed that pullulan-coated nanoparticles resulted in enhanced luciferase expression, compared to both pDNA alone and uncoated nanoparticles. Preincubation of the cells with free pullulan inhibited the transfection. Finally, 30 min after tail vein injection to mice, only 16% of the 'naked' pDNA remained in the circulating blood compared to over 40% of the entrapped pDNA. Due to the apparent stability of these pDNA-entrapped nanoparticles in the blood, they may have potential for systemic gene therapy applications requiring cell and/or tissue-specific delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0082, USA
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