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Benhabbour SR, Kovarova M, Jones C, Copeland DJ, Shrivastava R, Swanson MD, Sykes C, Ho PT, Cottrell ML, Sridharan A, Fix SM, Thayer O, Long JM, Hazuda DJ, Dayton PA, Mumper RJ, Kashuba ADM, Victor Garcia J. Ultra-long-acting tunable biodegradable and removable controlled release implants for drug delivery. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4324. [PMID: 31541085 PMCID: PMC6754500 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report an ultra-long-acting tunable, biodegradable, and removable polymer-based delivery system that offers sustained drug delivery for up to one year for HIV treatment or prophylaxis. This robust formulation offers the ability to integrate multiple drugs in a single injection, which is particularly important to address the potential for drug resistance with monotherapy. Six antiretroviral drugs were selected based on their solubility in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and relevance as a combination therapy for HIV treatment or prevention. All drugs released with concentrations above their protein-adjusted inhibitory concentration and retained their physical and chemical properties within the formulation and upon release. The versatility of this formulation to integrate multiple drugs and provide sustained plasma concentrations from several weeks to up to one year, combined with its ability to be removed to terminate the treatment if necessary, makes it attractive as a drug delivery platform technology for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rahima Benhabbour
- UNC_NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Martina Kovarova
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Aids Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Clinton Jones
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daijha J Copeland
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Roopali Shrivastava
- UNC_NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael D Swanson
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Aids Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Craig Sykes
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Phong T Ho
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Aids Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mackenzie L Cottrell
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Aids Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anush Sridharan
- UNC_NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samantha M Fix
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Orrin Thayer
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Aids Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julie M Long
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Aids Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daria J Hazuda
- Infectious Disease Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Paul A Dayton
- UNC_NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Angela D M Kashuba
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Victor Garcia
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Aids Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Glatt DM, Beckford Vera DR, Prabhu SS, Mumper RJ, Luft JC, Benhabbour SR, Parrott MC. Synthesis and Characterization of Cetuximab-Docetaxel and Panitumumab-Docetaxel Antibody-Drug Conjugates for EGFR-Overexpressing Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5089-5102. [PMID: 30226780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of anticancer antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) depend on the selection of tumor-targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb), linker, and drug, as well as their specific chemical arrangement and linkage chemistry. In this study, we used a heterobifunctional cross-linker to conjugate docetaxel (DX) to cetuximab (CET) or panitumumab (PAN). The resulting ADCs were investigated for their in vitro EGFR-specific cytotoxicity and in vivo anticancer activity. Reaction conditions, such as reducing agent, time, temperature, and alkylation buffer, were optimized to yield potent and stable ADCs with consistent batch-to-batch drug-to-antibody ratios (DARs). ADCs were synthesized with DARs from 0.4 to 3.0, and all retained their EGFR affinity and specificity after modification. ADCs were sensitive to cell surface wildtype EGFR expression, demonstrating more cytotoxicity in EGFR-expressing A431 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines compared to U87MG cells. A431 tumor-bearing mice treated once weekly for four weeks with 100 mg/kg cetuximab-docetaxel ADC (C-SC-DX, DAR 2.5) showed durable anticancer responses and improved overall survival compared to the same treatment regimen with 1 mg/kg DX, 100 mg/kg CET, or a combination 1 mg/kg DX and 100 mg/kg CET. New treatment options are emerging for patients with both wild-type and mutated EGFR-overexpressing cancers, and these studies highlight the potential role of EGFR-targeted ADC therapies as a promising new treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan M Glatt
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , 125 Mason Farm Road , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Denis R Beckford Vera
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Shamit S Prabhu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , 125 Mason Farm Road , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Russell J Mumper
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , 125 Mason Farm Road , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - J Christopher Luft
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , 125 Mason Farm Road , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - S Rahima Benhabbour
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , 125 Mason Farm Road , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States.,UNC-NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Matthew C Parrott
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
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Glatt DM, Beckford Vera DR, Parrott MC, Luft JC, Benhabbour SR, Mumper RJ. The Interplay of Antigen Affinity, Internalization, and Pharmacokinetics on CD44-Positive Tumor Targeting of Monoclonal Antibodies. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1894-903. [PMID: 27079967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) offer promise as effective tumor targeting and drug delivery agents for cancer therapy. However, comparative biological and clinical characteristics of mAbs targeting the same tumor-associated antigen (TAA) often differ widely. This study examined the characteristics of mAbs that impact tumor targeting using a panel of mAb clones specific to the cancer-associated cell-surface receptor and cancer stem cell marker CD44. CD44 mAbs were screened for cell-surface binding, antigen affinity, internalization, and CD44-mediated tumor uptake by CD44-positive A549 cells. It was hypothesized that high-affinity, rapidly internalizing CD44 mAbs would result in high tumor uptake and prolonged tumor retention. Although high-affinity clones rapidly bound and were internalized by A549 cells in vitro, an intermediate-affinity clone demonstrated significantly greater tumor uptake and retention than high-affinity clones in vivo. Systemic exposure, rather than high antigen affinity or rapid internalization, best associated with tumor targeting of CD44 mAbs in A549 tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan M Glatt
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Denis R Beckford Vera
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew C Parrott
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - J Christopher Luft
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - S Rahima Benhabbour
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Russell J Mumper
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Huckle JE, Sadgrove MP, Leed MGD, Yang YT, Mumper RJ, Semelka RC, Jay M. Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of a Diethyl Ester Prodrug of DTPA and Its Investigation as an Oral Decorporation Agent in Rats. AAPS J 2016; 18:972-80. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Huckle JE, Sadgrove MP, Pacyniak E, Leed MGD, Weber WM, Doyle-Eisele M, Guilmette RA, Agha BJ, Susick RL, Mumper RJ, Jay M. Orally administered DTPA di-ethyl ester for decorporation of (241)Am in dogs: Assessment of safety and efficacy in an inhalation-contamination model. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:568-75. [PMID: 25912343 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1043753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently two injectable products of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) are U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for decorporation of (241)Am; however, an oral product is considered more amenable in a mass casualty situation. The di-ethyl ester of DTPA, named C2E2, is being developed as an oral drug for treatment of internal radionuclide contamination. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single-dose decorporation efficacy of C2E2 administered 24-h post contamination was determined in beagle dogs using a (241)Am nitrate inhalation contamination model. Single and multiple dose toxicity studies in beagle dogs were performed as part of an initial safety assessment program. In addition, the genotoxic potential of C2E2 was evaluated by the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation Ames test, mammalian cell chromosome aberration cytogenetic assay and an in vivo micronucleus test. RESULTS Oral administration of C2E2 significantly increased (241)Am elimination over untreated controls and significantly reduced the retention of (241)Am in tissues, especially liver, kidney, lung and bone. Daily dosing of 200 mg/kg/day for 10 days was well tolerated in dogs. C2E2 was found to be neither mutagenic or clastogenic. CONCLUSIONS The di-ethyl ester of DTPA (C2E2) was shown to effectively enhance the elimination of (241)Am after oral administration in a dog inhalation-contamination model and was well tolerated in toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Huckle
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics , Chapel Hill , NC
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Abstract
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) is an FDA-approved chelating agent for enhancing the elimination of transuranic elements such as americium from the body. Early access to therapy minimizes deposition of these radionuclides in tissues such as the bone. Due to its poor oral bioavailability, DTPA is administered as an IV injection, delaying access. Therefore, a diethyl-ester analog of DTPA, named C2E2, was synthesized as a means to increase oral absorption. As a hexadentate ligand, it was hypothesized that C2E2 was capable of binding americium directly. Therefore, the protonation constants and americium stability constant for C2E2 were determined by potentiometric titration and a solvent extraction method, respectively. C2E2 was shown to bind americium with a log K of 19.6. The concentrations of C2E2, its metabolite C2E1, and DTPA required to achieve effective binding in rat, beagle, and human plasma were studied in vitro. Dose response curves for each ligand were established, and the 50% maximal effective concentrations were determined for each species. As expected, higher concentrations of C2E2 were required to achieve the same degree of binding as DTPA. The results indicated that chelation in beagle plasma is more representative of the human response than rats. Finally, the pharmacokinetics of C2E2 were investigated in beagles, and the data was fit to a two-compartment model with elimination from the central compartment, along with first-order absorption. Based on the in vitro data, a 100 mg kg dose of C2E2 can be expected to have an effective duration of action of 3.8 h in beagles.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Huckle
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Matthew P. Sadgrove
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Russell J. Mumper
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michael Jay
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Chapel Hill, NC
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8
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McLaughlin JE, Roth MT, Mumper RJ. In reply to Spangler. Acad Med 2014; 89:1429-1430. [PMID: 25350325 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E McLaughlin
- Assistant professor and director, Office of Strategic Planning and Assessment, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; . Associate professor and executive director, The Academy, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Vice provost for academic affairs, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Peng L, Feng L, Yuan H, Benhabbour SR, Mumper RJ. Development of a novel orthotopic non-small cell lung cancer model and therapeutic benefit of 2'-(2-bromohexadecanoyl)-docetaxel conjugate nanoparticles. Nanomedicine 2014; 10:1497-506. [PMID: 24709328 PMCID: PMC4185254 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aims of these studies were to establish an orthotopic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mouse model and to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs) containing 2'-(2-bromohexadecanoyl)-docetaxel (Br-C16-DX) in this new model. A novel orthotopic NSCLC model was established in nude mice through a dorsal side injection of luciferase-expressing A549 cells. The model was characterized by a survival study, histological staining, bioluminescence imaging and PET/CT imaging. The therapeutic efficacy of the Br-C16-DX NPs versus Taxotere® was investigated in this model. The results demonstrated that mouse survival time was significantly prolonged by weekly intravenous administration of the NPs or Taxotere. Furthermore, the NP group had 35 days longer progression-free survival and 27 days longer median survival compared to the Taxotere group. It was concluded that the developed orthotopic NSCLC model represents a feasible, reproducible, and clinically relevant experimental mouse model to test current and potential therapies including nanomedicines. From the clinical editor: This team of authors has developed an orthotopic non-small cell lung cancer model, and demonstrates that it represents a feasible, reproducible, and clinically relevant experimental mouse model to test current and potential therapies including nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lan Feng
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Rahima Benhabbour
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Russell J Mumper
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Mumper RJ, Rolland A. 8. Chitosan and chitosan oligomers for nucleic acid delivery: Original research article: Chitosan and depolymerized chitosan oligomers as condensing carriers for in vivo plasmid delivery, 1998. J Control Release 2014; 190:46-48. [PMID: 25356478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Peng L, Schorzman AN, Ma P, Madden AJ, Zamboni WC, Benhabbour SR, Mumper RJ. 2'-(2-bromohexadecanoyl)-paclitaxel conjugate nanoparticles for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3601-10. [PMID: 25114529 PMCID: PMC4124067 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s66040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A nanoparticle (NP) formulation with 2'-(2-bromohexadecanoyl)-paclitaxel (Br-16-PX) conjugate was developed in these studies for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The lipophilic paclitaxel conjugate Br-C16-PX was synthesized and incorporated into lipid NPs where the 16-carbon chain enhanced drug entrapment in the drug delivery system and improved in vivo pharmacokinetics. The electron-withdrawing bromine group was used to facilitate the conversion of Br-C16-PX to paclitaxel at the tumor site. The developed system was evaluated in luciferase-expressing A549 cells in vitro and in an orthotopic NSCLC mouse model. The results demonstrated that the Br-C16-PX NPs had a higher maximum tolerated dose (75 mg/kg) than Taxol (19 mg/kg) and provided significantly longer median survival (88 days versus 70 days, P<0.05) in the orthotopic NSCLC model. An improved pharmacokinetic profile was observed for the Br-C16-PX NPs at 75 mg/kg compared to Taxol at 19 mg/kg. The area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC)₀₋₉₆ h of Br-C16-PX from the NPs was 91.7-fold and 49.6-fold greater than Taxol in plasma and tumor-bearing lungs, respectively, which provided sustained drug exposure and higher antitumor efficacy in the NP-treated group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - Allison N Schorzman
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - Ping Ma
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - Andrew J Madden
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - William C Zamboni
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC, USA
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - Soumya Rahima Benhabbour
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - Russell J Mumper
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC, USA
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Eldridge JA, Repko D, Mumper RJ. Retention of polyphenolic species in spray-dried blackberry extract using mannitol as a thermoprotectant. J Med Food 2014; 17:1064-9. [PMID: 24892214 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of these studies was to determine if a Büchi Mini Spray Dryer B-290 (Büchi Corporation, New Castle, DE, USA) could be used to prepare blackberry extract powders containing mannitol as a thermoprotectant without extensively degrading anthocyanins and polyphenols in the resulting powders. Three blackberry puree extract samples were each prepared by sonication of puree in 30/70% ethanol/water containing 0.003% HCl. Blackberry puree extract sample 1 (S1) contained no mannitol, while blackberry puree extract sample 2 (S2) contained 3.0:1 (w/w) mannitol:berry extract, and blackberry puree extract sample 3 (S3) contained 6.3:1 (w/w) mannitol:berry extract. The levels of anthocyanins and polyphenols in reconstituted spray-dried powders produced from S1-S3 were compared to solutions of S1-S3 that were held at 4°C as controls. All extract samples could be spray-dried using the Büchi Mini Spray Dryer B-290. S1, with no mannitol, showed a 30.8% decrease in anthocyanins and a 24.1% decrease in polyphenols following spray-drying. However, S2 had a reduction in anthocyanins of only 13.8%, while polyphenols were reduced by only 6.1%. S3, with a ratio of mannitol to berry extract of 6.3:1, exhibited a 12.5% decrease in anthocyanins while the decrease in polyphenols after spray-drying was not statistically significant (P=.16). Collectively, these data indicate that a Büchi Mini Spray Dryer B-290 is a suitable platform for producing stable berry extract powders, and that mannitol is a suitable thermoprotectant that facilitates retention of thermosensitive polyphenolic species in berry extracts during spray-drying.
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Roth MT, Mumper RJ, Singleton SF, Lee CR, Rodgers PT, Cox WC, McLaughlin JE, Joyner P, Blouin RA. A renaissance in pharmacy education at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. N C Med J 2014; 75:48-52. [PMID: 24487762 DOI: 10.18043/ncm.75.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy is transforming its doctor of pharmacy program to emphasize active engagement of students in the classroom, foster scientific inquiry and innovation, and immerse students in patient care early in their education. The admissions process is also being reengineered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary T Roth
- Corresponding author: UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Russell J Mumper
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott F Singleton
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Craig R Lee
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Philip T Rodgers
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wendy C Cox
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jacqueline E McLaughlin
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pam Joyner
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert A Blouin
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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McLaughlin JE, Roth MT, Glatt DM, Gharkholonarehe N, Davidson CA, Griffin LM, Esserman DA, Mumper RJ. The flipped classroom: a course redesign to foster learning and engagement in a health professions school. Acad Med 2014; 89:236-43. [PMID: 24270916 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent calls for educational reform highlight ongoing concerns about the ability of current curricula to equip aspiring health care professionals with the skills for success. Whereas a wide range of proposed solutions attempt to address apparent deficiencies in current educational models, a growing body of literature consistently points to the need to rethink the traditional in-class, lecture-based course model. One such proposal is the flipped classroom, in which content is offloaded for students to learn on their own, and class time is dedicated to engaging students in student-centered learning activities, like problem-based learning and inquiry-oriented strategies. In 2012, the authors flipped a required first-year pharmaceutics course at the University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy. They offloaded all lectures to self-paced online videos and used class time to engage students in active learning exercises. In this article, the authors describe the philosophy and methodology used to redesign the Basic Pharmaceutics II course and outline the research they conducted to investigate the resulting outcomes. This article is intended to serve as a guide to instructors and educational programs seeking to develop, implement, and evaluate innovative and practical strategies to transform students' learning experience. As class attendance, students' learning, and the perceived value of this model all increased following participation in the flipped classroom, the authors conclude that this approach warrants careful consideration as educators aim to enhance learning, improve outcomes, and fully equip students to address 21st-century health care needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E McLaughlin
- Dr. McLaughlin is assistant professor and associate director, Office of Strategic Planning and Assessment, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. She was a postdoctoral fellow at the time of the redesign. Dr. Roth is associate professor and director, Office of Strategic Planning and Assessment, and executive director, The Academy, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Mr. Glatt is a PhD student, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. He was teaching assistant for the Basic Pharmaceutics II course at the time of the redesign. Dr. Gharkholonarehe is a pharmacy resident, REX UNC Health Care, Raleigh, North Carolina. She was a student in the Basic Pharmaceutics II course two years before the redesign. Mr. Davidson is director, Office of Educational Technology Research and Development, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Dr. Griffin is teaching assistant professor, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina. She was a postdoctoral research fellow, Office of Educational Technology Research and Development, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, at the time of the redesign. Dr. Esserman is instructor in public health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. She was research assistant professor, Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, at the time of the redesign. Dr. Mumper is vice dean and professor, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, and course coordinator for the Basic Pharmaceutics II course, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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McLaughlin JE, Dean MJ, Mumper RJ, Blouin RA, Roth MT. A roadmap for educational research in pharmacy. Am J Pharm Educ 2013; 77:218. [PMID: 24371342 PMCID: PMC3872937 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7710218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Educational research must play a critical role in informing practice and policy within pharmacy education. Understanding the educational environment and its impact on students, faculty members, and other stakeholders is imperative for improving outcomes and preparing pharmacy students to meet the needs of 21st century health care. To aid in the design and implementation of meaningful educational research within colleges and schools of pharmacy, this roadmap addresses philosophy and educational language; guidelines for the conduct of educational research; research design, including 4 approaches to defining, collecting, and analyzing educational data; measurement issues; ethical considerations; resources and tools; and the value of educational research in guiding curricular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E. McLaughlin
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Meredith J. Dean
- Office of Planning and Decision Support, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Russell J. Mumper
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert A. Blouin
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mary T. Roth
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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McLaughlin JE, Griffin LM, Esserman DA, Davidson CA, Glatt DM, Roth MT, Gharkholonarehe N, Mumper RJ. Pharmacy student engagement, performance, and perception in a flipped satellite classroom. Am J Pharm Educ 2013; 77:196. [PMID: 24249858 PMCID: PMC3831407 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe779196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether "flipping" a traditional basic pharmaceutics course delivered synchronously to 2 satellite campuses would improve student academic performance, engagement, and perception. DESIGN In 2012, the basic pharmaceutics course was flipped and delivered to 22 satellite students on 2 different campuses. Twenty-five condensed, recorded course lectures were placed on the course Web site for students to watch prior to class. Scheduled class periods were dedicated to participating in active-learning exercises. Students also completed 2 course projects, 3 midterm examinations, 8 graded quizzes, and a cumulative and comprehensive final examination. ASSESSMENT Results of a survey administered at the beginning and end of the flipped course in 2012 revealed an increase in students' support for learning content prior to class and using class time for more applied learning (p=0.01) and in the belief that learning key foundational content prior to coming to class greatly enhanced in-class learning (p=0.001). Significantly more students preferred the flipped classroom format after completing the course (89.5%) than before completing the course (34.6%). Course evaluation responses and final examination performance did not differ significantly for 2011 when the course was taught using a traditional format and the 2012 flipped-course format. Qualitative findings suggested that the flipped classroom promoted student empowerment, development, and engagement. CONCLUSION The flipped pharmacy classroom can enhance the quality of satellite students' experiences in a basic pharmaceutics course through thoughtful course design, enriched dialogue, and promotion of learner autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - LaToya M. Griffin
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Denise A. Esserman
- Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Dylan M. Glatt
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mary T. Roth
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Russell J. Mumper
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Feng L, Benhabbour SR, Mumper RJ. Oil-filled lipid nanoparticles containing 2'-(2-bromohexadecanoyl)-docetaxel for the treatment of breast cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:1451-7. [PMID: 23606545 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A docetaxel (DX) lipid conjugate 2'-(2-bromohexadecanoyl)-docetaxel (2-Br-C16-DX) is synthesized to enhance the drug loading, entrapment, and retention in liquid oil-filled lipid nanoparticles (NPs). The conjugate is successfully entrapped in the previously optimized NPs with an entrapment efficiency of 56.8%. In-vitro release studies in 100% mouse plasma show an initial 45% burst release with no additional release within 8 h. The conjugate is able to be hydrolyzed to release DX by esterases in-vitro. The conjugate is less potent than unmodified DX in DU-145 and 4T1 cells. However, NPs containing the conjugate show significantly higher cytotoxicity compared to its free form especially in 4T1 cells. In-vivo, the AUC0-∞ value of NP-formulated 2-Br-C16-DX is about 100-fold higher than DX formulated in Taxotere. Furthermore, 2-Br-C16-DX NPs improve DX AUC 4.3-fold compared to Taxotere. The high concentration and prolonged exposure of both 2-Br-C16-DX and DX from 2-Br-C16-DX NPs in circulation result in a 10-fold and 1.5-fold higher accumulation of 2-Br-C16-DX and DX, respectively, in tumors compared to Taxotere. In mice bearing syngeneic 4T1 tumors, 2-Br-C16-DX NPs show markedly greater anticancer efficacy, as well as survival benefit over all controls. The results of these studies support that the oil-filled NPs containing hydrolyzable lipophilic DX prodrug 2-Br-C16-DX improve the therapeutic index of DX and are more efficacious in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Feng
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Zhang Y, Sadgrove MP, Mumper RJ, Jay M. Radionuclide decorporation: matching the biokinetics of actinides by transdermal delivery of pro-chelators. AAPS J 2013; 15:1180-8. [PMID: 23990504 PMCID: PMC3787225 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-013-9527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The threat of nuclear terrorism by the deliberate detonation of a nuclear weapon or radiological dispersion device ("dirty bomb") has made emergency response planning a priority. The only FDA-approved treatments for contamination with isotopes of the transuranic elements Am, Pu, and Cm are the Ca and Zn salts of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). These injectable products are not well suited for use in a mass contamination scenario as they require skilled professionals for their administration and are rapidly cleared from the circulation. To overcome the mismatch in the pharmacokinetics of the DTPA and the biokinetics of these transuranic elements, which are slowly released from contamination sites, the penta-ethyl ester of DTPA (C2E5) was prepared and formulated in a nonaqueous gel for transdermal administration. When gels comprised of 40% C2E5, 40-45% Miglyol® 840, and 15-20% ethyl cellulose were spiked with [(14)C]-C2E5 and applied to rat skin; over 60% of the applied dose was absorbed within a 24-h period. Radioactivity was observed in urinary and fecal excretions for over 3 days after removal of the gel. Using an (241)Am wound contamination model, transdermal C2E5 gels were able to enhance total body elimination and reduce the liver and skeletal burden of (241)Am in a dose-dependent manner. The efficacy achieved by a single 1,000 mg/kg dose to contaminated rats was statistically comparable to intravenous Ca-DTPA at 14 mg/kg. The effectiveness of this treatment, favorable sustained release profile of pro-chelators, and ease of administration support its use following radiological emergencies and for its inclusion in the Strategic National Stockpile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7362, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362 USA
| | - Matthew P. Sadgrove
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7362, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362 USA
| | - Russell J. Mumper
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7362, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362 USA
| | - Michael Jay
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7362, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362 USA
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Zhang Y, Peng L, Mumper RJ, Huang L. Combinational delivery of c-myc siRNA and nucleoside analogs in a single, synthetic nanocarrier for targeted cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2013; 34:8459-68. [PMID: 23932296 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of aggressive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) depends on the creation of new therapeutic regimens in clinical settings. In this study, we developed a Lipid/Calcium/Phosphate (LCP) nanoparticle that combines chemotherapy with gene therapy. By encapsulating a chemodrug, gemcitabine monophosphate (GMP), and siRNA specific to the undruggable cMyc oncogene (cMyc siRNA) into a single nano-sized vesicle and systemically administering them to nude mice, we achieved potent anti-tumor activity in both subcutaneous and orthotopic models of NSCLC. The improvements in therapeutic response over either cMyc siRNA or GMP therapy alone, were demonstrated by the ability to effectively induce the apoptosis of tumor cells and the significant reduction of proliferation of tumor cells. The combination therapy led to dramatic inhibition of tumor growth, with little in vivo toxicity. Additionally, the current studies demonstrated the possibility of incorporating both nucleic acid molecules and phosphorylated small molecule drugs into the inner core of a single nanoparticle formulation. Co-encapsulation of an oncogene-modulating siRNA and a chemotherapeutic agent will allow simultaneous interruption of diverse anti-cancer pathways, leading to increased therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Abstract
Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and idarubicin) are very effective chemotherapeutic drugs to treat many cancers; however, the development of multiple drug resistance (MDR) is one of the major limitations for their clinical applications. Nano-delivery systems have emerged as the novel cancer therapeutics to overcome MDR. Up until now, many anthracycline nano-delivery systems have been developed and reported to effectively circumvent MDR both in-vitro and in-vivo, and some of these systems have even advanced to clinical trials, such as the HPMA-doxorubicin (HPMA-DOX) conjugate. Doxil, a DOX PEGylated liposome formulation, was developed and approved by FDA in 1995. Unfortunately, this formulation does not address the MDR problem. In this comprehensive review, more than ten types of developed anthracycline nano-delivery systems to overcome MDR and their proposed mechanisms are covered and discussed, including liposomes; polymeric micelles, conjugate and nanoparticles; peptide/protein conjugates; solid-lipid, magnetic, gold, silica, and cyclodextrin nanoparticles; and carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ma
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Russell J. Mumper
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Zhang Y, Sadgrove MP, Mumper RJ, Jay M. Transdermal Prodrug Delivery for Radionuclide Decorporation: Nonaqueous Gel Formulation Development and In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment. Drug Dev Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics; UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill; NC; 27599-7362; USA
| | - Matthew P. Sadgrove
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics; UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill; NC; 27599-7362; USA
| | - Russell J. Mumper
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics; UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill; NC; 27599-7362; USA
| | - Michael Jay
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics; UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill; NC; 27599-7362; USA
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Zhang Y, Sadgrove MP, Sueda K, Yang YT, Pacyniak EK, Kagel JR, Braun BA, Zamboni WC, Mumper RJ, Jay M. Nonaqueous gel for the transdermal delivery of a DTPA penta-ethyl ester prodrug. AAPS J 2013; 15:523-32. [PMID: 23389812 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-013-9459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid penta-ethyl ester, designated as C2E5, was successfully incorporated into a nonaqueous gel for transdermal delivery. The thermal and rheological properties of a formulation containing 40% C2E5, 20% ethyl cellulose, and 40% Miglyol 840® prepared using the solvent evaporation method demonstrated that the gel had acceptable content uniformity and flow properties. In vitro studies showed that C2E5 was steadily released from the gel at a rate suitable for transdermal delivery. Topical application of the gel at a 200 mg C2E5/kg dose level in rats achieved significantly higher plasma exposures of several active metabolites compared with neat C2E5 oil at the same dose level. The results suggest that transdermal delivery of a chelator prodrug is an effective radionuclide decorporation strategy by delivering chelators to the circulation with a pharmacokinetic profile that is more consistent with the biokinetic profile of transuranic elements in contaminated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7362, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7362, USA
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23
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Goldberg MS, Hook SS, Wang AZ, Bulte JWM, Patri AK, Uckun FM, Cryns VL, Hanes J, Akin D, Hall JB, Gharkholo N, Mumper RJ. Biotargeted nanomedicines for cancer: six tenets before you begin. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:299-308. [PMID: 23394158 PMCID: PMC3643633 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotargeted nanomedicines have captured the attention of academic and industrial scientists who have been motivated by the theoretical possibilities of the 'magic bullet' that was first conceptualized by Paul Ehrlich at the beginning of the 20th century. The Biotargeting Working Group, consisting of more than 50 pharmaceutical scientists, engineers, biologists and clinicians, has been formed as part of the National Cancer Institute's Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer to harness collective wisdom in order to tackle conceptual and practical challenges in developing biotargeted nanomedicines for cancer. In modern science and medicine, it is impossible for any individual to be an expert in every aspect of biology, chemistry, materials science, pharmaceutics, toxicology, chemical engineering, imaging, physiology, oncology and regulatory affairs. Drawing on the expertise of leaders from each of these disciplines, this commentary highlights six tenets of biotargeted cancer nanomedicines in order to enable the translation of basic science into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara S. Hook
- Center for Strategic Scientific Initiatives, Office of the Director, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Z. Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Jeff WM. Bulte
- Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205, USA
| | - Anil K. Patri
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Fatih M. Uckun
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, & Children’s Center for Cancer & Blood Diseases/Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Vincent L. Cryns
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Demir Akin
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Hall
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Nastaran Gharkholo
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Russell J. Mumper
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA, Tel.: +1 919 966 1271, Fax: +1 919 966 6919
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Abstract
Paclitaxel is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs ever developed and is active against a broad range of cancers, such as lung, ovarian, and breast cancers. Due to its low water solubility, paclitaxel is formulated in a mixture of Cremophor EL and dehydrated ethanol (50:50, v/v) a combination known as Taxol. However, Taxol has some severe side effects related to Cremophor EL and ethanol. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of alternative Taxol formulations. The encapsulation of paclitaxel in biodegradable and non-toxic nano-delivery systems can protect the drug from degradation during circulation and in-turn protect the body from toxic side effects of the drug thereby lowering its toxicity, increasing its circulation half-life, exhibiting improved pharmacokinetic profiles, and demonstrating better patient compliance. Also, nanoparticle-based delivery systems can take advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect for passive tumor targeting, therefore, they are promising carriers to improve the therapeutic index and decrease the side effects of paclitaxel. To date, paclitaxel albumin-bound nanoparticles (Abraxane®) have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition, there are a number of novel paclitaxel nanoparticle formulations in clinical trials. In this comprehensive review, several types of developed paclitaxel nano-delivery systems will be covered and discussed, such as polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-based formulations, polymer conjugates, inorganic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, nanocrystals, and cyclodextrin nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ma
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Liu D, Kobayashi T, Russo S, Li F, Plevy SE, Gambling TM, Carson JL, Mumper RJ. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a water-in-oil microemulsion system for enhanced peptide intestinal delivery. AAPS J 2012. [PMID: 23196806 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-012-9441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peptide and protein drugs have become the new generation of therapeutics, yet most of them are only available as injections, and reports on oral local intestinal delivery of peptides and proteins are quite limited. The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate a water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion system in vitro and in vivo for local intestinal delivery of water-soluble peptides after oral administration. A fluorescent labeled peptide, 5-(and-6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamine labeled HIV transactivator protein TAT (TAMRA-TAT), was used as a model peptide. Water-in-oil microemulsions consisting of Miglyol 812, Capmul MCM, Tween 80, and water were developed and characterized in terms of appearance, viscosity, conductivity, morphology, and particle size analysis. TAMRA-TAT was loaded and its enzymatic stability was assessed in modified simulated intestinal fluid (MSIF) in vitro. In in vivo studies, TAMRA-TAT intestinal distribution was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy after TAMRA-TAT microemulsion, TAMRA-TAT solution, and placebo microemulsion were orally gavaged to mice. The half-life of TAMRA-TAT in microemulsion was enhanced nearly three-fold compared to that in the water solution when challenged by MSIF. The treatment with TAMRA-TAT microemulsion after oral administration resulted in greater fluorescence intensity in all intestine sections (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon) compared to TAMRA-TAT solution or placebo microemulsion. The in vitro and in vivo studies together suggested TAMRA-TAT was better protected in the w/o microemulsion in an enzyme-containing environment, suggesting that the w/o microemulsions developed in this study may serve as a potential delivery vehicle for local intestinal delivery of peptides or proteins after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Liu
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Minocha S, Mumper RJ. Effect of carbon coating on the physico-chemical properties and toxicity of copper and nickel nanoparticles. Small 2012; 8:3289-3299. [PMID: 22837153 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The primary aim of these interdisciplinary studies is to investigate the effect of surface carbon coating on the physico-chemical properties and toxicity of carbon-coated and noncoated copper and nickel nanoparticles (C-Cu, Cu, C-Ni, Ni NPs) in A549 alveolar epithelial cells. Compared to Cu NPs, C-Cu NPs exhibit protection against surface oxidation, tenfold higher cellular uptake, and fourfold lower release of soluble Cu. The toxicity of C-Cu NPs and Cu NPs is associated with pronounced damage to mitochondrial function and plasma membrane integrity, respectively. Compared to Cu and C-Cu NPs, Ni and C-Ni NPs are less toxic. These studies demonstrate that correlations can be drawn between physico-chemical properties and resultant toxicity of NPs as a function of surface carbon coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Minocha
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and the Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Ma P, Rahima Benhabbour S, Feng L, Mumper RJ. 2'-Behenoyl-paclitaxel conjugate containing lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2012; 334:253-62. [PMID: 22902506 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of these studies was to develop a novel 2'-behenoyl-paclitaxel (C22-PX) conjugate nanoparticle (NP) formulation for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. A lipophilic paclitaxel derivative C22-PX was synthesized and incorporated into lipid-based NPs. Free C22-PX and its NP formulation were evaluated in a series of in vitro and in vivo studies. The results demonstrated that C22-PX NPs were much better tolerated and had significantly higher plasma and tumor AUCs compared to Taxol at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in a subcutaneous 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma model. These benefits resulted in significantly improved antitumor efficacy with the NP-based formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ma
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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González OA, Escamilla C, Danaher RJ, Dai J, Ebersole JL, Mumper RJ, Miller CS. Antibacterial effects of blackberry extract target periodontopathogens. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:80-6. [PMID: 22812456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Antimicrobial agents provide valuable adjunctive therapy for the prevention and the control of oral diseases. Limitations in their prolonged use have stimulated the search for new, naturally occurring agents with more specific activity and fewer adverse effects. Here we sought to determine the antibacterial properties of blackberry extract (BBE) in vitro against oral bacterial commensals and periodontopathogens. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effects of whole and fractionated BBE on the metabolism of 10 different oral bacteria were evaluated using the colorimetric water-soluble tetrazolium-1 assay. The bactericidal effects of whole BBE against Fusobacterium nucleatum were determined by quantitating the numbers of colony-forming units (CFUs). Cytotoxicity was determined in oral epithelial (OKF6) cells. RESULTS BBE at 350-1400 μg/mL reduced the metabolic activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis, F. nucleatum and Streptococcus mutans. The reduced metabolic activity observed for F. nucleatum corresponded to a reduction in the numbers of CFUs following exposure to BBE for as little as 1 h, indicative of its bactericidal properties. An anthocyanin-enriched fraction of BBE reduced the metabolic activity of F. nucleatum, but not of P. gingivalis or S. mutans, suggesting the contribution of species-specific agents in the whole BBE. Oral epithelial cell viability was not reduced following exposure to whole BBE (2.24-1400 μg/mL) for ≤ 6 h. CONCLUSION BBE alters the metabolic activity of oral periodontopathogens while demonstrating a minimal effect on commensals. The specific antibacterial properties of BBE shown in this study, along with its previously demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties, make this natural extract a promising target as an adjunct for prevention and/or complementary therapy of periodontal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A González
- Department of Oral Health Practice, Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0297, USA
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Abstract
Nano-based delivery systems have attracted a great deal of attention in the past two decades as a strategy to overcome the low therapeutic index of conventional anticancer drugs and delivery barriers in solid tumors. Myriads of preclinical studies have been focused on developing nano-based formulations to effectively deliver taxanes, one of the most important and most prescribed anticancer drug types in the clinic. Given the hydrophobic property of taxanes, lipid-based NPs, serve as a viable alternative delivery system. This critical review will provide an overview and perspective of the advancement of lipid-based nanoparticles for taxane delivery. Currently available formulations of taxanes and their drawbacks as well as criteria for idea taxane delivery system will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Feng
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein possesses a unique membrane-transduction property. Interestingly, Tat transduction could be dramatically increased 1000-fold based on LTR-transactivation assay when complexed with cationic liposomes (lipo-Tat), compared with Tat alone. Therefore, underlining mechanisms were explored further. Microscopy and flow cytometry showed that this effect was associated with enhanced membrane binding, large particle formation (1-2 μm) and increased intracellular uptake of Tat fluorescent proteins. Using pharmacological assays and immune colocalizations, it was found that lipid raft-dependent endocytosis and macropinocytosis were major pathways involved in lipo-Tat uptake, and actin-filaments played a major role in intracellular trafficking of lipo-Tat to the nucleus. Furthermore, we found that the Tat hydrophobic domain (aa 36-47) mediated formation of two positively charged molecules into lipo-Tat complexes via hydrophobic bonds, based on LTR-transactivation inhibition assay. Thus, the hydrophobic domain may play an important role in Tat protein uptake and be useful for intracellular delivery of biomacromolecules if coupled together with Tat basic peptide, a cell-penetrating peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Han Li
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Danaher RJ, Wang C, Dai J, Mumper RJ, Miller CS. Antiviral effects of blackberry extract against herpes simplex virus type 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 112:e31-5. [PMID: 21827957 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate antiviral properties of blackberry extract against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in vitro. STUDY DESIGN HSV-infected oral epithelial (OKF6) cells and cell-free virus suspensions were treated with blackberry extract (2.24-1,400 μg/mL), and virus yield and infectivity were quantified by direct plaque assay. RESULTS Blackberry extract ≥56 μg/mL inhibited HSV-1 replication in oral epithelial cells by >99% (P < .005). Concentrations ≥280 μg/mL were antiviral when the extract was added after virus adsorption and entry. Exposure of cell-free virus to ≥280 μg/mL blackberry extract for 15 minutes at room temperature was virucidal (P = .0002). The virucidal effects were not due to pH changes at concentrations up to 1,500 μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS Blackberry extract inhibited the early stages of HSV-1 replication and had potent virucidal activity. These properties suggest that this natural fruit extract could provide advantage as a topical prophylactic/therapeutic agent for HSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Danaher
- Department of Oral Health Practice, Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Wadhwa S, Jain A, Woodward JG, Mumper RJ. Lipid nanocapsule as vaccine carriers for his-tagged proteins: evaluation of antigen-specific immune responses to HIV I His-Gag p41 and systemic inflammatory responses. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 80:315-22. [PMID: 22068049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design novel nanocapsules (NCs) with surface-chelated nickel (Ni-NCs) as a vaccine delivery system for histidine (His)-tagged protein antigens. Ni-NCs were characterized for binding His-tagged model proteins through high-affinity non-covalent interactions. The mean diameter and zeta potential of the optimized Ni-NCs were 214.9 nm and -14.8 mV, respectively. The optimal binding ratio of His-tagged Green Fluorescent Protein (His-GFP) and His-tagged HIV-1 Gag p41 (His-Gag p41) to the Ni-NCs was 1:221 and 1:480 w/w, respectively. Treatment of DC2.4 cells with Ni-NCs did not result in significant loss in the cell viability up to 24h (<5%). We further evaluated the antibody response of the Ni-NCs using His-Gag p41 as a model antigen. Formulations were administered subcutaneously to BALB/c mice at day 0 (prime) and 14 (boost) followed by serum collection on day 28. Serum His-Gag p41-specific antibody levels were found to be significantly higher at 1 and 0.5 μg doses of Gag p41-His-Ni-NCs (His-Gag p41 equivalent) compared with His-Gag p41 (1 μg) adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide (AH). The serum IgG2a levels induced by Gag p41-His-Ni-NCs (1 μg) were significantly higher than AH adjuvanted His-Gag p41. The Ni-NCs alone did not result in the elevation of systemic IL-12/p40 and CCL5/RANTES inflammatory cytokine levels upon subcutaneous administration in BALB/c mice. In conclusion, the proposed Ni-NCs can bind His-tagged proteins and have the potential to be used as antigen delivery system capable of generating strong antigen-specific antibodies at doses much lower than with aluminum-based adjuvant and causing no significant elevation of systemic pro-inflammatory IL-12/p40 and CCL5/RANTES cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Wadhwa
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7355, United States
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Feng L, Wu H, Ma P, Mumper RJ, Benhabbour SR. Development and optimization of oil-filled lipid nanoparticles containing docetaxel conjugates designed to control the drug release rate in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2545-56. [PMID: 22072889 PMCID: PMC3205148 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s24954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Three docetaxel (DX) lipid conjugates: 2′-lauroyl-docetaxel (C12-DX), 2′-stearoyl-docetaxel (C18-DX), and 2′-behenoyl-docetaxel (C22-DX) were synthesized to enhance drug loading, entrapment, and retention in liquid oil-filled lipid nanoparticles (NPs). The three conjugates showed ten-fold higher solubility in the liquid oil phase Miglyol 808 than DX. To further increase the drug entrapment efficiency in NPs, orthogonal design was performed. The optimized formulation was composed of Miglyol 808, Brij 78, and Vitamin E tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS). The conjugates were successfully entrapped in the reduced-surfactant NPs with entrapment efficiencies of about 50%–60% as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) at a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. All three conjugates showed 45% initial burst release in 100% mouse plasma. Whereas C12-DX showed another 40% release over the next 8 hours, C18-DX and C22-DX in NPs showed no additional release after the initial burst of drug. All conjugates showed significantly lower cytotoxicity than DX in human DU-145 prostate cancer cells. The half maximal inhibitory concentration values (IC50) of free conjugates and conjugate NPs were comparable except for C22-DX, which was nontoxic in the tested concentration range and showed only vehicle toxicity when entrapped in NPs. In vivo, the total area under the curve (AUC0–∞) values of all DX conjugate NPs were significantly greater than that of Taxotere, demonstrating prolonged retention of drug in the blood. The AUC0–∞ value of DX in Taxotere was 8.3-fold, 358.0-fold, and 454.5-fold lower than that of NP-formulated C12-DX, C18-DX, and C22-DX, respectively. The results of these studies strongly support the idea that the physical/chemical properties of DX conjugates may be fine-tuned to influence the affinity and retention of DX in oil-filled lipid NPs, which leads to very different pharmacokinetic profiles and blood exposure of an otherwise potent chemo-therapeutic agent. These studies and methodologies may allow for improved and more potent nanoparticle-based formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Feng
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Benhabbour SR, Luft JC, Kim D, Jain A, Wadhwa S, Parrott MC, Liu R, DeSimone JM, Mumper RJ. In vitro and in vivo assessment of targeting lipid-based nanoparticles to the epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGFR) using a novel Heptameric ZEGFR domain. J Control Release 2011; 158:63-71. [PMID: 22037106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based oil-filled nanoparticles (NPs) with a high concentration of surface-chelated nickel (Ni-NPs) were successfully prepared using a Brij 78-NTA-Ni conjugate synthesized with Brij 78 (Polyoxyethylene (20) stearyl ether) and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). The facile incorporation of the Brij 78-NTA-Ni conjugate into the NP formulation allowed up to 90% Ni incorporation, which was a significant improvement over the previously used standard agent DOGS-NTA-Ni which led to ~6% Ni incorporation. The Ni-NPs were targeted to the highly epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-overexpressing epidermoid carcinoma cells A431. This was accomplished using a novel high affinity histidine×6-tagged EGFR-binding Z domain (heptameric Z(EGFR) domain). In vitro cell uptake studies showed enhanced internalization (up to 90%) of the targeted Ni-NPs in A431 cells with only ≤10% internalization of the untargeted Ni-NPs. ICP-MS analysis used to quantify the amount of Ni in the cells were in close agreement with flow cytometry studies, which showed a dose dependent increase in the amount of Ni with the targeted Ni-NPs. Cell uptake competition studies showed that internalization of the targeted Ni-NPs within the cells was competed off with free heptameric Z(EGFR) domain at concentrations of 8.75ng/mL or higher. In vivo studies were carried out in nude mice bearing A431 tumors to determine the biodistribution and intracellular delivery. Near Infrared (NIR) optical imaging studies using Alexa750-labeled heptameric Z(EGFR) domain showed localization of 19% of the total detected fluorescence intensity in the tumor tissue, 28% in the liver and 42% in the kidneys 16h post i.v. injection. ICP-MS analysis showed almost a two-fold increase in the amount of intracellular Ni with the targeted Ni-NPs. These new Ni-NPs could be a very useful tool for targeting and drug delivery to a wide range of EGFR positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rahima Benhabbour
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, USA
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Murapa P, Dai J, Chung M, Mumper RJ, D'Orazio J. Anthocyanin-rich fractions of blackberry extracts reduce UV-induced free radicals and oxidative damage in keratinocytes. Phytother Res 2011; 26:106-12. [PMID: 21567508 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hull blackberries were purified using solid phase extraction to obtain anthocyanin-rich methanol fractions. This method concentrated phenolics and anthocyanins, recovering 97% and 76% of the total yield in puree or powder extracts, respectively, which represented a 24-63 fold increase of the total antioxidant capacity when compared with either the water fraction or the original extract. The ability of these fractions to protect primary keratinocytes against UV-induced oxidative damage was assessed. Anthocyanin-rich methanol fractions derived from either blackberry powder or puree exhibited strong antioxidant properties, protecting against UV-induced ROS nearly as efficiently as N-acetyl cysteine. Furthermore, the fractions up-regulated the expression of catalase, MnSOD, Gpx1/2 and Gsta1 antioxidant enzymes. Thus, it is concluded that blackberry extracts may protect keratinocytes against UV-mediated oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience Murapa
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Markey Cancer Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Abstract
Evaluation of biological effects, both desired and undesired, caused by manufactured nanoparticles (MNPs) is of critical importance for nanotechnology. Experimental studies, especially toxicological, are time-consuming, costly, and often impractical, calling for the development of efficient computational approaches capable of predicting biological effects of MNPs. To this end, we have investigated the potential of cheminformatics methods such as quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling to establish statistically significant relationships between measured biological activity profiles of MNPs and their physical, chemical, and geometrical properties, either measured experimentally or computed from the structure of MNPs. To reflect the context of the study, we termed our approach quantitative nanostructure-activity relationship (QNAR) modeling. We have employed two representative sets of MNPs studied recently using in vitro cell-based assays: (i) 51 various MNPs with diverse metal cores (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2008, 105, 7387-7392) and (ii) 109 MNPs with similar core but diverse surface modifiers (Nat. Biotechnol. 2005, 23, 1418-1423). We have generated QNAR models using machine learning approaches such as support vector machine (SVM)-based classification and k nearest neighbors (kNN)-based regression; their external prediction power was shown to be as high as 73% for classification modeling and having an R(2) of 0.72 for regression modeling. Our results suggest that QNAR models can be employed for: (i) predicting biological activity profiles of novel nanomaterials, and (ii) prioritizing the design and manufacturing of nanomaterials toward better and safer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Fourches
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Dongqiuye Pu
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Carlos Tassa
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Stanley Y. Shaw
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Russell J. Mumper
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Dai J, Mumper RJ. Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules 2010; 15:7313-52. [PMID: 20966876 PMCID: PMC6259146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15107313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1709] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolics are broadly distributed in the plant kingdom and are the most abundant secondary metabolites of plants. Plant polyphenols have drawn increasing attention due to their potent antioxidant properties and their marked effects in the prevention of various oxidative stress associated diseases such as cancer. In the last few years, the identification and development of phenolic compounds or extracts from different plants has become a major area of health- and medical-related research. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview on phenolic extraction, purification, analysis and quantification as well as their antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the anticancer effects of phenolics in-vitro and in-vivo animal models are viewed, including recent human intervention studies. Finally, possible mechanisms of action involving antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity as well as interference with cellular functions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Dai
- Four Tigers LLC, 1501 Bull Lea Road, Suite 105, Lexington, Kentucky 40511 USA; (J.D.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Russell J. Mumper
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-919-966-1271; Fax: +1-919-966-6919
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Jain A, Yan W, Miller KR, O'Carra R, Woodward JG, Mumper RJ. Tresyl-based conjugation of protein antigen to lipid nanoparticles increases antigen immunogenicity. Int J Pharm 2010; 401:87-92. [PMID: 20837122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present studies were aimed at investigating the engineering of NPs with protein-conjugated-surfactant at their surface. In order to increase the immunogenicity of a protein antigen, Brij 78 was functionalized by tresyl chloride and then further reacted with the primary amine of the model proteins ovalbumin (OVA) or horseradish peroxide (HRP). The reaction yielded Brij 78-OVA and Brij 78-HRP conjugates which were then used directly to form NP-OVA or NP-HRP using a one-step warm oil-in-water microemulsion precursor method with emulsifying wax as the oil phase, and Brij 78 and the Brij 78-OVA or Brij 78-HRP conjugate as surfactants. Similarly, Brij 700 was conjugated to HIV p24 antigen to yield Brij 700-p24 conjugate. The utility of these NPs for enhancing the immune responses to protein-based vaccines was evaluated in vivo using ovalbumin (OVA) as model protein and p24 as a relevant HIV antigen. In separate in vivo studies, female BALB/c mice were immunized by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection with NP-OVA and NP-p24 formulations along with several control formulations. These results suggested that with multiple antigens, covalent attachment of the antigen to the NP significantly enhanced antigen-specific immune responses. This facile covalent conjugation and incorporation method may be utilized to further incorporate other protein antigens, even multiple antigens, into an enhanced vaccine delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anekant Jain
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, and the Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States
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Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major impediment to the success of cancer chemotherapy. P-glycoprotein is an important and the best-known membrane transporter involved in MDR. Several strategies have been used to address MDR, especially P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance in tumors. However, clinical success has been limited, largely due to issues regarding lack of efficacy and/or safety. Nanoparticles have shown the ability to target tumors based on their unique physical and biological properties. To date, nanoparticles have been investigated primarily to address P-glycoprotein and the observed improved anticancer efficacy suggests that nanomedicinal strategies provide a new opportunity to overcome MDR. This article focuses on nanotechnology-based formulations and current nanomedicine approaches to address MDR in tumors and discusses the proposed mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0082, USA
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Wadhwa S, Mumper RJ. Intracellular delivery of the reactive oxygen species generating agent D-penicillamine upon conjugation to poly-L-glutamic acid. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:854-62. [PMID: 20349949 DOI: 10.1021/mp1000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
D-penicillamine is an aminothiol that is cytotoxic to cancer cells and generates dose dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) via copper catalyzed oxidation. However, the delivery of D-pen to cancer cells remains a challenge due to its high hydrophilicity, highly reactive thiol group and impermeability to the cell membrane. To overcome this challenge, we investigated a novel poly-L-glutamic acid (PGA) conjugate of D-pen (PGA-D-pen) where D-pen was conjugated to PGA modified with 2-(2-pyridyldithio)-ethylamine (PDE) via disulfide bonds. Confocal microscopy and cell uptake studies showed that the fluorescently labeled PGA-D-pen was taken up by human leukemia cells (HL-60) in a time dependent manner. Treatment of HL-60, murine leukemia cells (P388) and human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-468) with PGA-D-pen resulted in dose dependent cytotoxicity and elevation of intracellular ROS levels. PGA-D-pen induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells which was verified by Annexin V binding. The in vivo evaluation of the conjugate in the P388 murine leukemia model (intraperitoneal) resulted in significant enhancement in the survival of CD2F1 mice over vehicle control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Wadhwa
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362, USA
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Holpuch AS, Hummel GJ, Tong M, Seghi GA, Pei P, Ma P, Mumper RJ, Mallery SR. Nanoparticles for local drug delivery to the oral mucosa: proof of principle studies. Pharm Res 2010; 27:1224-36. [PMID: 20354767 PMCID: PMC2883929 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine if solid lipid nanoparticles represent a viable strategy for local delivery of poorly water soluble and unstable chemopreventive compounds to human oral tissues. Methods Nanoparticle uptake and compound retention evaluations employed monolayer-cultured human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines and normal human oral mucosal explants. Feasibility of nanoparticle delivery was also evaluated with respect to the presence of phase-III efflux transporters in normal oral mucosal tissue and OSCC tissues. Results Functional uptake assays confirmed significantly greater internalization of nanoparticle-delivered fluorescent probe relative to free-fluorescent probe delivery, while concurrently demonstrating nanoparticle uptake rate differences among the OSCC cell lines and the phagocytic control human monocyte cell line. Mucosal explants exhibited nanoparticle penetration and internalization in the spinous and basal epithelial layers (7/10 specimens), and also exhibited the presence of the phase-III efflux transporters multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Conclusions These data confirm nanoparticle internalization by OSCC cells and support the premise that nanoparticle-based delivery provides higher final intracellular levels relative to bolus administration. Furthermore, the penetration and subsequent internalization of nanoparticles within the proliferating basal layer cells demonstrates the feasibility of nanoparticle formulations for local delivery and stabilization of oral chemopreventive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Holpuch
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pathology & Anesthesiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Yan W, Jain A, O'Carra R, Woodward JG, Li W, Li G, Nath A, Mumper RJ. Lipid Nanoparticles with Accessible Nickel as a Vaccine Delivery System for Single and Multiple His-tagged HIV Antigens. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2009; 2009:1-11. [PMID: 21966230 PMCID: PMC3182147 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s5729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs) with a small amount of surface-chelated nickel (Ni-NPs) were developed to easily formulate the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) his-tagged Tat (his-Tat) protein, as well as to formulate and co-deliver two HIV antigens (his-p24 and his-Nef) on one particle. Female BALB/c mice were immunized by subcutaneous injection with his-Tat/Ni-NP formulation (1.5 μg his-Tat/mouse) and control formulations on day 0 and 14. The day 28 anti-Tat specific immunoglobulin G titer with his-Tat/Ni-NPs was significantly greater than that with Alum/his-Tat. Furthermore, splenocytes from his-Tat/Ni-NP-immunized mice secreted significantly higher IFN-γ than those from mice immunized with Alum/his-Tat. Although Ni-NPs did not show better adjuvant activity than Tat-coated anionic NPs made with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS/NPs), they were less toxic than SDS/NPs. The initial results indicated that co-immunization of mice using his-p24/his-Nef/Ni-NP induced greater antibody response compared to using Alum/his-p24/his-Nef. Co-delivery of two antigens using Ni-NPs also increased the immunogenicity of individual antigens compared to delivery of a single antigen by Ni-NPs. In conclusion, Ni-NPs are an efficient delivery system for HIV vaccines including both single antigen delivery and multiple antigen co-delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Yan
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and the Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Mumper RJ, Bell MA, Worthen DR, Cone RA, Lewis GR, Paull JRA, Moench TR. Formulating a sulfonated antiviral dendrimer in a vaginal microbicidal gel having dual mechanisms of action. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009; 35:515-24. [PMID: 19040181 DOI: 10.1080/03639040802488097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
SPL7013 is the sodium salt of a sulfonated dendrimer that has potent antiviral properties. VivaGel, a topical gel containing 3% (wt/wt) SPL7013, is in development as a vaginal microbicide. BufferGel is a Carbopol-based acidic buffering gel that enhances the natural protective action of the vagina to produce a broad-spectrum microbicidal environment. The positive attributes of both gels were combined into a combination vaginal microbicidal gel having dual mechanisms of action. A 3% (wt/wt) SPL7013 combination gel, pH 3.7, was developed and fully characterized and was shown to have more than twofold greater acidic buffering capacity than BufferGel. Ultracentrifugation experiments demonstrated that SPL7013 was not sequestered or entropically trapped in the viscous gel, thereby confirming, along with viral challenge studies, that SPL7013 has sufficient mobility in the viscous gel to exert antiviral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell J Mumper
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA.
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Dong X, Mattingly CA, Tseng MT, Cho MJ, Liu Y, Adams VR, Mumper RJ. Doxorubicin and paclitaxel-loaded lipid-based nanoparticles overcome multidrug resistance by inhibiting P-glycoprotein and depleting ATP. Cancer Res 2009; 69:3918-26. [PMID: 19383919 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To test the ability of nanoparticle formulations to overcome P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated multidrug resistance, several different doxorubicin and paclitaxel-loaded lipid nanoparticles were prepared. Doxorubicin nanoparticles showed 6- to 8-fold lower IC(50) values in P-gp-overexpressing human cancer cells than those of free doxorubicin. The IC(50) value of paclitaxel nanoparticles was over 9-fold lower than that of Taxol in P-gp-overexpressing cells. A series of in vitro cell assays were used including quantitative studies on uptake and efflux, inhibition of calcein acetoxymethylester efflux, alteration of ATP levels, membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity. Enhanced uptake and prolonged retention of doxorubicin were observed with nanoparticle-based formulations in P-gp-overexpressing cells. Calcein acetoxymethylester and ATP assays confirmed that blank nanoparticles inhibited P-gp and transiently depleted ATP. I.v. injection of pegylated paclitaxel nanoparticles showed marked anticancer efficacy in nude mice bearing resistant NCI/ADR-RES tumors versus all control groups. Nanoparticles may be used to target both drug and biological mechanisms to overcome multidrug resistance via P-gp inhibition and ATP depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Ma P, Dong X, Swadley CL, Gupte A, Leggas M, Ledebur HC, Mumper RJ. Development of idarubicin and doxorubicin solid lipid nanoparticles to overcome Pgp-mediated multiple drug resistance in leukemia. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2009; 5:151-161. [PMID: 20055093 PMCID: PMC2805476 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2009.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of these studies were to investigate and compare solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of two anthracyclines, idarubicin (IDA) and doxorubicin (DOX), against Pgp-mediated multiple drug resistance (MDR) in-vitro and in-vivo using different human and murine cancer cell models. IDA and DOX SLNs were developed from warm microemulsion precursors comprising emulsifying wax as the oil phase, and polyoxyl 20-stearyl ether (Brij 78) and D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (Vitamin E TPGS) as the surfactants. Anionic ion-pairing agents, sodium taurodeoxycholate (STDC) and sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS), were used to neutralize the charges of the cationic anthracyclines and enhance entrapment of the drugs in the SLN. The in-vitro cytotoxicity results showed that the IC50 value of DOX NPs was 9-fold lower than that of free DOX solution in resistant P388/ADR cell line. In contrast, free IDA had comparable IC50 values as IDA NPs in Pgp-overexpressing P388/ADR and HCT-15 cells. In the in-vivo P388/ADR leukemia mouse model, the median survival time of DOX NPs was significantly greater than that of free DOX, and controls. In contrast, free IDA was equally as effective as IDA NPs in P388 and Pgp-overexpressing HCT-15 mouse tumor models. The cell uptake of IDA formulated as free IDA and IDA NPs was comparable in Pgp-overexpressing cells. In conclusion, DOX NPs could overcome Pgp-mediated MDR both in-vitro in P388/ADR leukemia cells and in-vivo in the murine leukemia mouse model. The present study suggests that our SLNs may offer potential to deliver anticancer drugs for the treatment of Pgp-mediated MDR in leukemia; however, selection of target drug may be very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ma
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xiaowei Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Courtney L. Swadley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Anshul Gupte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Markos Leggas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | - Russell J. Mumper
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Gupte A, Mumper RJ. Elevated copper and oxidative stress in cancer cells as a target for cancer treatment. Cancer Treat Rev 2009; 35:32-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 631] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Ugalde CM, Liu Z, Ren C, Chan KK, Rodrigo KA, Ling Y, Larsen PE, Chacon GE, Stoner GD, Mumper RJ, Fields HW, Mallery SR. Distribution of anthocyanins delivered from a bioadhesive black raspberry gel following topical intraoral application in normal healthy volunteers. Pharm Res 2009; 26:977-86. [PMID: 19137418 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Results from our oral cavity chemoprevention trial demonstrated appreciable interpatient variations regarding chemopreventive efficacy of a freeze dried black raspberry (FBR) gel. We speculated these data reflected individual patient-related differences in absorption, target tissue uptake and local compound metabolism of key FBR compounds (anthocyanins). Accordingly, this study assessed the distribution of anthocyanins from the 10% (w/w) FBR gel in saliva, oral tissues and plasma. METHODS Human subject participation entailed collection of: (1) saliva, tissue and plasma (5 min following gel application, keratinized tissues), (2) saliva and plasma (5 min after sublingual gel application), (3) saliva and plasma at 1, 2, and 4 h post gel application (keratinized tissues), and (4) saliva (cyanidin 3-rutinoside incubations). Levels of FBR anthocyanins in the respective samples were analyzed by LC/MS/MS. RESULTS Our data show: significantly higher anthocyanin levels in saliva and oral tissues relative to matched plasma samples, marked donor-specific variations in anthocyanin uptake, sustainability of anthocyanins at the target site, pH affects anthocyanin penetration and intraoral anthocyanin decomposition and/or metabolism. CONCLUSIONS No previous oral cavity chemoprevention trials evaluated compound distribution at the treatment site. Our data, which demonstrate a local delivery-derived pharmacologic advantage, provide insights which could advance oral cavity chemoprevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Ugalde
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Pathology & Anesthesiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Dong X, Mattingly CA, Tseng M, Cho M, Adams VR, Mumper RJ. Development of new lipid-based paclitaxel nanoparticles using sequential simplex optimization. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 72:9-17. [PMID: 19111929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of these studies was to develop Cremophor-free lipid-based paclitaxel (PX) nanoparticle formulations prepared from warm microemulsion precursors. To identify and optimize new nanoparticles, experimental design was performed combining Taguchi array and sequential simplex optimization. The combination of Taguchi array and sequential simplex optimization efficiently directed the design of paclitaxel nanoparticles. Two optimized paclitaxel nanoparticles (NPs) were obtained: G78 NPs composed of glyceryl tridodecanoate (GT) and polyoxyethylene 20-stearyl ether (Brij 78), and BTM NPs composed of Miglyol 812, Brij 78, and d-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS). Both nanoparticles successfully entrapped paclitaxel at a final concentration of 150 microg/ml (over 6% drug loading) with particle sizes less than 200 nm and over 85% of entrapment efficiency. These novel paclitaxel nanoparticles were stable at 4 degrees C over five months and in PBS at 37 degrees C over 102 h as measured by physical stability. Release of paclitaxel was slow and sustained without initial burst release. Cytotoxicity studies in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells showed that both nanoparticles have similar anticancer activities compared to Taxol. Interestingly, PX BTM nanocapsules could be lyophilized without cryoprotectants. The lyophilized powder comprised only of PX BTM NPs in water could be rapidly rehydrated with a complete retention of original physicochemical properties, in vitro release properties, and cytotoxicity profile. Sequential Simplex Optimization has been utilized to identify promising new lipid-based paclitaxel nanoparticles having useful attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents both a physical and electrostatic barrier to limit brain permeation of therapeutics. Previous work has demonstrated that nanoparticles (NPs) overcome the physical barrier, but there is little known regarding the effect of NP surface charge on BBB function. Therefore, this work evaluated: (1) effect of neutral, anionic and cationic charged NPs on BBB integrity and (2) NP brain permeability. METHODS Emulsifying wax NPs were prepared from warm oil-in-water microemulsion precursors using neutral, anionic or cationic surfactants to provide the corresponding NP surface charge. NPs were characterized by particle size and zeta potential. BBB integrity and NP brain permeability were evaluated by in situ rat brain perfusion. RESULTS Neutral NPs and low concentrations of anionic NPs were found to have no effect on BBB integrity, whereas, high concentrations of anionic NPs and cationic NPs disrupted the BBB. The brain uptake rates of anionic NPs at lower concentrations were superior to neutral or cationic formulations at the same concentrations. CONCLUSIONS (1) Neutral NPs and low concentration anionic NPs can be utilized as colloidal drug carriers to brain, (2) cationic NPs have an immediate toxic effect at the BBB and (3) NP surface charges must be considered for toxicity and brain distribution profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Lockman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106-1712, USA
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