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Wang CM, Fernez MT, Woolston BM, Carrier RL. Native gastrointestinal mucus: Critical features and techniques for studying interactions with drugs, drug carriers, and bacteria. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:114966. [PMID: 37329985 PMCID: PMC11184232 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal mucus plays essential roles in modulating interactions between intestinal lumen contents, including orally delivered drug carriers and the gut microbiome, and underlying epithelial and immune tissues and cells. This review is focused on the properties of and methods for studying native gastrointestinal mucus and its interactions with intestinal lumen contents, including drug delivery systems, drugs, and bacteria. The properties of gastrointestinal mucus important to consider in its analysis are first presented, followed by a discussion of different experimental setups used to study gastrointestinal mucus. Applications of native intestinal mucus are then described, including experimental methods used to study mucus as a barrier to drug delivery and interactions with intestinal lumen contents that impact barrier properties. Given the significance of the microbiota in health and disease, its impact on drug delivery and drug metabolism, and the use of probiotics and microbe-based delivery systems, analysis of interactions of bacteria with native intestinal mucus is then reviewed. Specifically, bacteria adhesion to, motility within, and degradation of mucus is discussed. Literature noted is focused largely on applications of native intestinal mucus models as opposed to isolated mucins or reconstituted mucin gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ming Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew T Fernez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Woolston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Carrier
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Müller L, Rosenbaum C, Rump A, Grimm M, Klammt F, Kleinwort A, Busemann A, Weitschies W. Determination of Mucoadhesion of Polyvinyl Alcohol Films to Human Intestinal Tissue. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1740. [PMID: 37376191 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The absorption of drugs with narrow absorption windows in the upper small intestine can be improved with a mucoadhesive drug delivery system such as enteric films. To predict the mucoadhesive behaviour in vivo, suitable in vitro or ex vivo methods can be performed. In this study, the influence of tissue storage and sampling site on the mucoadhesion of polyvinyl alcohol film to human small intestinal mucosa was investigated. Tissue from twelve human subjects was used to determine adhesion using a tensile strength method. Thawing of tissue frozen at -20 °C resulted in a significantly higher work of adhesion (p = 0.0005) when a low contact force was applied for one minute, whereas the maximum detachment force was not affected. When the contact force and time were increased, no differences were found for thawed tissue compared to fresh tissue. No change in adhesion was observed depending on the sampling location. Initial results from a comparison of adhesion to porcine and human mucosa suggest that the tissues are equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Müller
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christoph Rosenbaum
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Adrian Rump
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Grimm
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Friederike Klammt
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annabel Kleinwort
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17457 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexandra Busemann
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17457 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Low YZ, Li L, Tan LP. Investigating the Behavior of Mucoadhesive Polysaccharide-Functionalized Graphene Oxide in Bladder Environment. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhen Low
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Lin Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Lay Poh Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
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Szekalska M, Sosnowska K, Czajkowska-Kośnik A, Winnicka K. Calcium Chloride Modified Alginate Microparticles Formulated by the Spray Drying Process: A Strategy to Prolong the Release of Freely Soluble Drugs. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1522. [PMID: 30149531 PMCID: PMC6163791 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alginate (ALG) cross-linking by CaCl₂ is a promising strategy to obtain modified-release drug delivery systems with mucoadhesive properties. However, current technologies to produce CaCl₂ cross-linked alginate microparticles possess major disadvantages, such as a poor encapsulation efficiency of water-soluble drugs and a difficulty in controlling the process. Hence, this study presents a novel method that streamlines microparticle production by spray drying; a rapid, continuous, reproducible, and scalable technique enabling obtainment of a product with low moisture content, high drug loading, and a high production yield. To model a freely water-soluble drug, metformin hydrochloride (MF) was selected. It was observed that MF was successfully encapsulated in alginate microparticles cross-linked by CaCl₂ using a one-step drying process. Modification of ALG provided drug release prolongation-particles obtained from 2% ALG cross-linked by 0.1% CaCl₂ with a prolonged MF rate of dissolution of up to 12 h. Cross-linking of the ALG microparticles structure by CaCl₂ decreased the swelling ratio and improved the mucoadhesive properties which were evaluated using porcine stomach mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szekalska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15222 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Sosnowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15222 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Anna Czajkowska-Kośnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15222 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15222 Białystok, Poland.
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Szekalska M, Sosnowska K, Zakrzeska A, Kasacka I, Lewandowska A, Winnicka K. The Influence of Chitosan Cross-linking on the Properties of Alginate Microparticles with Metformin Hydrochloride-In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Molecules 2017; 22:E182. [PMID: 28117747 PMCID: PMC6155789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium alginate is a polymer with unique ability to gel with different cross-linking agents in result of ionic and electrostatic interactions. Chitosan cross-linked alginate provides improvement of swelling and mucoadhesive properties and might be used to design sustained release dosage forms. Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop and evaluate possibility of preparing chitosan cross-linked alginate microparticles containing metformin hydrochloride by the spray-drying method. In addition, influence of cross-linking agent on the properties of microparticles was evaluated. Formulation of microparticles prepared by the spray drying of 2% alginate solution cross-linked by 0.1% chitosan was characterized by good mucoadhesive properties, high drug loading and prolonged metformin hydrochloride release. It was shown that designed microparticles reduced rat glucose blood level, delayed absorption of metformin hydrochloride and provided stable plasma drug concentration. Additionally, histopathological studies of pancreas, liver and kidneys indicated that all prepared microparticles improved degenerative changes in organs of diabetic rats. Moreover, no toxicity effect and no changes in rats behavior after oral administration of chitosan cross-linked alginate microparticles were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szekalska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, Białystok 15-222, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Sosnowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, Białystok 15-222, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Zakrzeska
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, Białystok 15-222, Poland.
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, Białystok 15-222, Poland.
| | - Alicja Lewandowska
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, Białystok 15-222, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, Białystok 15-222, Poland.
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Nur M, Ramchandran L, Vasiljevic T. Tragacanth as an oral peptide and protein delivery carrier: Characterization and mucoadhesion. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 143:223-30. [PMID: 27083363 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymers such as tragacanth, an anionic polysaccharide gum, can be alternative polymeric carrier for physiologically important peptides and proteins. Characterization of tragacanth is thus essential for providing a foundation for possible applications. Rheological studies colloidal solution of tragacanth at pH 3, 5 or 7 were carried out by means of steady shear and small amplitude oscillatory measurements. Tragacanth mucoadhesivity was also analyzed using an applicable rheological method and compared to chitosan, alginate and PVP. The particle size and zeta potential were measured by a zetasizer. Thermal properties of solutions were obtained using a differential scanning calorimetry. The solution exhibited shear-thinning characteristics. The value of the storage modulus (G') and the loss modulus (G″) increased with an increase in angular frequency (Ω). In all cases, loss modulus values were higher than storage values (G″>G') and viscous character was, therefore, dominant. Tragacanth and alginate showed a good mucoadhesion. Tragacanth upon dispersion created particles of a submicron size with a negative zeta potential (-7.98 to -11.92 mV). These properties were pH dependant resulting in acid gel formation at pH 3.5. Tragacanth has thus a potential to be used as an excipient for peptide/protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nur
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia; Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, 65145 Malang, Indonesia
| | - L Ramchandran
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia
| | - T Vasiljevic
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia.
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Influence of Sodium Alginate on Hypoglycemic Activity of Metformin Hydrochloride in the Microspheres Obtained by the Spray Drying. INT J POLYM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/8635408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate microspheres with metformin hydrochloride were prepared by the spray drying method in order to improve residence time of drug in the stomach. Nine formulations (F1–F9) with various drug : polymer ratio (1 : 2, 1 : 1, and 2 : 1) and different sodium alginate concentration (1%, 2%, and 3%) were evaluated for size, morphology, drug loading, Zeta potential, and swelling degree.In vitrodrug release, mathematical release profile, and physical state of microspheres were also evaluated. Optimal formulation characterized by the highest drug loading was formulation F6 (drug : polymer ratio 2 : 1 and 2% alginate solution). Based on glucose uptake inSaccharomyces cerevisiaecells andα-amylase inhibition tests, it could be concluded that alginate microspheres enhance hypoglycemic activity of metformin hydrochloride evaluatedin vitro. Designed microspheres are promising as alternative, multicompartment dosage form for metformin hydrochloride delivery.
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Mura P, Mennini N, Kosalec I, Furlanetto S, Orlandini S, Jug M. Amidated pectin-based wafers for econazole buccal delivery: Formulation optimization and antimicrobial efficacy estimation. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 121:231-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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9
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Zhang H, Huang X, Sun Y, Xing J, Yamamoto A, Gao Y. Absorption-improving effects of chitosan oligomers based on their mucoadhesive properties: a comparative study on the oral and pulmonary delivery of calcitonin. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2419-2427. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.1002946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhang
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China and
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China and
| | - Ya Sun
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China and
| | - Jianfeng Xing
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China and
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yang Gao
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China and
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Yuan J, Liu T, Li H, Shi T, Xu J, Liu H, Wang Z, Wang Q, Xu L, Wang Y, Li S. Oral sustained-release suspension based on a novel taste-masked and mucoadhesive carrier–ion-exchange fiber. Int J Pharm 2014; 472:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Woertz C, Preis M, Breitkreutz J, Kleinebudde P. Assessment of test methods evaluating mucoadhesive polymers and dosage forms: An overview. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:843-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Wongsasulak S, Puttipaiboon N, Yoovidhya T. Fabrication, gastromucoadhesivity, swelling, and degradation of zein-chitosan composite ultrafine fibers. J Food Sci 2013; 78:N926-35. [PMID: 23627787 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication, via electrospinning, and characterization of an ultrafine structure architected from a blend of hydrophobic zein and hydrophilic chitosan (CS) were conducted. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and nonionic surfactant, namely, Tween 40, were employed to improve the electrospinnability of the blend, while ethanol was used as a solvent for zein. The effects of ethanol (EtOH) concentration (85% and 90%) and ratio of zein/PEO/CS (95/2.5/2.5 and 87.5/10/2.5) on the fiber morphology as well as gastromucoadhesivity against porcine stomach mucosa were then investigated; polymer-mucosa adhesion was also investigated via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Swelling and degradation of the composite ultrafine fibers were investigated under 2 simulated gastric conditions, namely, at pH 2 without pepsin and at pH 1.2 with pepsin. Using 85% EtOH as a solvent for zein resulted in a spider-web-like morphology; the maximum detachment force (MDF), which is an indirect indicator of the gastromucoadhesivity was nevertheless higher. Zein-based ultrafine fibers exhibited higher MDF than the zein-PEO-CS composite; however, the cohesiveness of the composite fibers was higher. FTIR spectroscopic results indicated molecular interactions between the composite fibers and mucin functional groups. Swelling of the composite ultrafine fibers in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) at pH 2 without pepsin was not different from that in SGF at pH 1.2 with pepsin. Nevertheless, degradation of the composite fibers in SGF at pH 2 without pepsin was much less than that in SGF at pH 1.2 with pepsin; only 20% degradation was noted in the former case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowakon Wongsasulak
- Dept. of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Univ. of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha u-tit Rd., Tungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
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Ivarsson D, Wahlgren M. Comparison of in vitro methods of measuring mucoadhesion: ellipsometry, tensile strength and rheological measurements. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 92:353-9. [PMID: 22209653 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work three in vitro methods for the measurement of mucoadhesion have been compared: ellipsometry, tensile strength and rheology. The conditions used for the three methods have been as similar as possible. Six different polymers were investigated: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), chitosan, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and two cross-linked polyacrylic acids, Noveon (hydrophobically modified) and Carbopol. The results showed that PVP did not exhibit mucoadhesion according to any of the methods used. Chitosan, Noveon, Carbopol, CMC and HEC showed good mucoadhesion in the tensile strength and the rheological measurements, but not in the ellipsometry investigation. Chitosan was the only polymer showing good mucoadhesion with the ellipsometry method. No two methods gave the same ranking of mucoadhesive strength of the polymers. The conflicting results obtained with the different methods underline the need for further improvements in existing experimental techniques and theoretical concepts for the correct assessment of mucoadhesive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ivarsson
- Department of Food Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Meng J, Sturgis TF, Youan BBC. Engineering tenofovir loaded chitosan nanoparticles to maximize microbicide mucoadhesion. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 44:57-67. [PMID: 21704704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to engineer a model anti-HIV microbicide (tenofovir) loaded chitosan based nanoparticles (NPs). Box-Behnken design allowed to assess the influence of formulation variables on the size of NPs and drug encapsulation efficiency (EE%) that were analyzed by dynamic light scattering and UV spectroscopy, respectively. The effect of the NPs on vaginal epithelial cells and Lactobacillus crispatus viability and their mucoadhesion to porcine vaginal tissue were assessed by cytotoxicity assays and fluorimetry, respectively. In the optimal aqueous conditions, the EE% and NPs size were 5.83% and 207.97nm, respectively. With 50% (v/v) ethanol/water as alternative solvent, these two responses increased to 20% and 602 nm, respectively. Unlike small size (182nm) exhibiting burst release, drug release from medium (281 nm) and large (602 nm)-sized NPs fitted the Higuchi (r(2)=0.991) and first-order release (r(2)=0.999) models, respectively. These NPs were not cytotoxic to both the vaginal epithelial cell line and L. crispatus for 48h. When the diameter of the NPs decreased from 900 to 188 nm, the mucoadhesion increased from 6% to 12%. However, the combinatorial effect of EE% and percent mucoadhesion for larger size NPs was the highest. Overall, large-size, microbicide loaded chitosan NPs appeared to be promising nanomedicines for the prevention of HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Meng
- Laboratory of Future Nanomedicines and Theoretical Chronopharmaceutics, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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15
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Varum FJ, Veiga F, Sousa JS, Basit AW. An investigation into the role of mucus thickness on mucoadhesion in the gastrointestinal tract of pig. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 40:335-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Davidovich-Pinhas M, Bianco-Peled H. Mucoadhesion: a review of characterization techniques. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:259-71. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240903473134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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das Neves J, Amaral MH, Bahia MF. Performance of an in vitro mucoadhesion testing method for vaginal semisolids: Influence of different testing conditions and instrumental parameters. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 69:622-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 11/24/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Various attempts have been made to develop gastroretentive delivery systems. For example, floating, swelling, mucoadhesive, and high-density systems have been developed to increase gastric retention time of the dosage forms. It is known that differences in gastric physiology, such as, gastric pH, and motility exhibit both intra- as well as inter-subject variability demonstrating significant impact on gastric retention time and drug delivery behavior. Nevertheless, some floating devices have shown promising results. In this paper, the gastric physiology and the reported intragastric delivery systems have briefly been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Talukder
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Edsman K, Hägerström H. Pharmaceutical applications of mucoadhesion for the non-oral routes. J Pharm Pharmacol 2005; 57:3-22. [PMID: 15638988 DOI: 10.1211/0022357055227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion of pharmaceutical formulations to the mucosal tissue offers the possibility of creating an intimate and prolonged contact at the site of administration. This prolonged residence time can result in enhanced absorption and, in combination with a controlled release of the drug, also improved patient compliance by reducing the frequency of administration. During the almost 30 years over which mucoadhesion has been studied, a considerable amount of knowledge has been gained, and much has been learned about the different mechanisms occurring at the formulation-mucus interface and the properties that affect these mechanisms. The in-vivo performance of a dosage form not only depends on the mechanisms occurring at the interface, but also on the properties of the total mucoadhesive complex: the dosage form, the mucosa and the interface between them. A wide variety of methods are used for studying mucoadhesion; some rather similar to the in-vivo situation and some mimicking the interface alone. In this review, the mucus surface, the methods used for the study of mucoadhesion, the different mechanisms involved in mucoadhesion and theories underpinning them have been described. The complexity of mucoadhesion when trying to systemize the subject will also be discussed. The last part of the review describes the buccal, nasal, ocular, vaginal and rectal routes and provides examples of what can be achieved in-vivo when using mucoadhesive formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Edsman
- Dept of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, P. O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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