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Formulation and Process Optimization of Rauvolfia serpentina Nanosuspension by HPMC and In Vitro Evaluation of ACE Inhibitory Potential. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040268. [PMID: 36547528 PMCID: PMC9787977 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) overactivation is one of the primary causes of hypertension, which leads to cardiovascular disorders all over the world. In the scientific world, nanosuspension is a novel area of study that could offer an alternative treatment for active pharmaceuticals that are not well soluble in water. Since active compounds' bioavailability is reduced by their poor solubility, there are eventually fewer applications. Drug solubility, dissolving rate, and bioavailability are improved by nanosuspension, which shrinks medication particle size into the nanoscale range and boosts the surface area to volume ratio of the drug. There is a need to prepare Rauvolfia serpentina's nanosuspension in order to get around some of the major challenges that it faces because of its poor solubility and wide range of biological activities. Using the antisolvent precipitation approach, a nanosuspension of Rauvolfia serpentina was created with hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). Rouvolfia serpentina nanosuspensions were prepared using a design of expert (DOE) approach, which allowed for the evaluation of key process parameters. To get an optimal sample, the effects of stabilizer concentration and anti-solvent volume on particle size, zeta potential, and PdI using CCD-RSM were investigated. Using the substrate Hippuryl-histidyl-leucine, the in vitro ACE inhibitory potential was assessed. On human erythrocytes, the safety of nanosuspension was evaluated in vitro. The ideal value of independent variables was discovered to be 0.25% w/v in order to achieve the desired response. Using scanning electron microscopy, the morphology of optimized nanosuspension was discovered to be rod-shaped (SEM). Compared to nanoformulation, crude extract had higher ACE inhibitory potential (83.11%). Human erythrocytes were found to be unaffected by nano-sized particles.
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Oboh G, Oluokun OO, Oyeleye S, Ogunsuyi O. Moringa seed-supplemented diets modulate ACE activity but not its gene expression in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Biomarkers 2022; 27:684-693. [PMID: 35833352 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2101693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: We investigated the effect of dietary inclusions of Moringa seed (5% and 10%) on blood pressure, angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE) activity, and gene expression, as well as redox status in hypertensive rats.Material and methods: Wistar strain albino rats were fed moringa seed-based diets for two weeks prior L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day, p.o.) administration for another ten days. Subsequently, the blood pressure was monitored. Furthermore, the kidney homogenates were assayed for ACE activity and gene expression, as well as oxidative stress markers.Results: The increased (systolic =297 ± 59.30 mmHg; diastolic= 242 ± 51.96 mmHg) blood pressure, arginase activity, and reduced nitric oxide level were significantly ameliorated in hypertensive rats treated with the seed. However, the elevated ACE activity was significantly reduced but not the upregulated ACE1 gene. Also, the reduced antioxidant enzyme activities were ameliorated with a significant downregulation in their regulator-Nrf2. Rutin (4.07 ± 0.02 mg/g) and quercitrin (4.06 ± 0.01 mg/g), among others, were found in the seed.Discussion: This study suggests that moringa seed offers its antihypertensive properties by acting as an ACE inhibitor but not its gene modulator, and also modulates the antioxidant system through interaction with Nrf2.Conclusion: Moringa seed could act as an ACE inhibitor and not its gene modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria.,Drosophila Research lab, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704 Akure, Nigeria
| | - Odunayo O Oluokun
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria.,Drosophila Research lab, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704 Akure, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Oyeleye
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria.,Drosophila Research lab, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704 Akure, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi Ogunsuyi
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria.,Drosophila Research lab, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704 Akure, Nigeria
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Chen J, Li G, Sun C, Peng F, Yu L, Chen Y, Tan Y, Cao X, Tang Y, Xie X, Peng C. Chemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activities, and toxicity of Quercitrin. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1545-1575. [PMID: 35253930 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Quercitrin is a naturally available type of flavonoid that commonly functions as the dietary ingredient and supplement. So far, a wide spectrum of bioactivities of quercitrin have been revealed, including antioxidative stress, antiinflammation, anti-microorganisms, immunomodulation, analgesia, wound healing, and vasodilation. Based on these various pharmacological activities, increasing studies have focused on the potency of quercitrin in diverse diseases in recent years, such as bone metabolic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and others. In this paper, by collecting and summarizing publications from the recent years, the natural sources, pharmacological activities and roles in various diseases, pharmacokinetics, structure-activity relationship, as well as the toxicity of quercitrin were systematically reviewed. In addition, the underlying molecular mechanisms of quercitrin in treating related diseases, the dose-effect relationships, and the novel preparations were discussed on the purpose of broadening the application prospect of quercitrin as functional food and providing reference for its clinical application. Notably, clinical studies of quercitrin are insufficient at present, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of quercitrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junren Chen
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gangmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Chakraborty R, Roy S. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors from plants: A review of their diversity, modes of action, prospects, and concerns in the management of diabetes-centric complications. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2021; 19:478-492. [PMID: 34642085 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are antihypertensive medications often used in the treatment of diabetes-related complications. Synthetic ACE inhibitors are known to cause serious side effects like hypotension, renal insufficiency, and hyperkalaemia. Therefore, there has been an intensifying search for natural ACE inhibitors. Many plants or plant-based extracts are known to possess ACE-inhibitory activity. In this review, articles focusing on the natural ACE inhibitors extracted from plants were retrieved from databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We have found more than 50 plant species with ACE-inhibitory activity. Among them, Angelica keiskei, Momordica charantia, Muntingia calabura, Prunus domestica, and Peperomia pellucida were the most potent, showing comparatively lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration values. Among the bioactive metabolites, peptides (e.g., Tyr-Glu-Pro, Met-Arg-Trp, and Gln-Phe-Tyr-Ala-Val), phenolics (e.g., cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside and delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside), flavonoids ([-]-epicatechin, astilbin, and eupatorin), terpenoids (ursolic acid and oleanolic acid) and alkaloids (berberine and harmaline) isolated from several plant and fungus species were found to possess significant ACE-inhibitory activity. These were also known to possess promising antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory activities. Considering the minimal side effects and lower toxicity of herbal compounds, development of antihypertensive drugs from these plant extracts or phytocompounds for the treatment of diabetes-associated complications is an important endeavour. This review, therefore, focuses on the ACE inhibitors extracted from different plant sources, their possible mechanisms of action, present status, and any safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Chakraborty
- Department of Botany, A.P.C. Roy Government College, Matigara 734010, West Bengal, India
| | - Swarnendu Roy
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur 734011, West Bengal, India.
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Pourmasoumi M, Hadi A, Najafgholizadeh A, Joukar F, Mansour-Ghanaei F. The effects of cranberry on cardiovascular metabolic risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:774-788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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de Souza P, da Silva LM, de Andrade SF, Gasparotto Junior A. Recent Advances in the Knowledge of Naturally-derived Bioactive Compounds as Modulating Agents of the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System: Therapeutic Benefits in Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:670-684. [PMID: 30931846 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190329122443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the biggest challenges to public health worldwide is to reduce the number of events and deaths related to the cardiovascular diseases. Numerous approaches have been applied to reach this goal, and drug treatment intervention has been indispensable along with an effective strategy for reducing both cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade is currently one of the most important targets of cardiovascular drug therapy. Many studies have proven the valuable properties of naturally-derived bioactive compounds to treat cardiovascular diseases. METHODS The goal of this review, therefore, is to discuss the recent developments related to medicinal properties about natural compounds as modulating agents of the RAAS, which have made them an attractive alternative to be available to supplement the current therapy options. RESULTS Data has shown that bioactive compounds isolated from several natural products act either by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme or directly by modulating the AT1 receptors of angiotensin II, which consequently changes the entire classical axis of this system. CONCLUSION While there are a few evidence about the positive actions of different classes of secondary metabolites for the treatment of cardiovascular and renal diseases, data is scarce about the clinical assays established to demonstrate their value in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Luisa M da Silva
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Sérgio F de Andrade
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratorio de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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Restrepo DA, Saenz E, Jara-Muñoz OA, Calixto-Botía IF, Rodríguez-Suárez S, Zuleta P, Chavez BG, Sanchez JA, D'Auria JC. Erythroxylum in Focus: An Interdisciplinary Review of an Overlooked Genus. Molecules 2019; 24:E3788. [PMID: 31640255 PMCID: PMC6833119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Erythroxylum contains species used by indigenous people of South America long before the domestication of plants. Two species, E. coca and E. novogranatense, have been utilized for thousands of years specifically for their tropane alkaloid content. While abuse of the narcotic cocaine has impacted society on many levels, these species and their wild relatives contain untapped resources for the benefit of mankind in the form of foods, pharmaceuticals, phytotherapeutic products, and other high-value plant-derived metabolites. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge of members within the genus and the recent advances in the realm of molecular biology and biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Restrepo
- Centro de Estudios sobre Seguridad y Drogas, Facultad de Economía, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia.
| | - Ernesto Saenz
- Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia.
| | | | - Iván F Calixto-Botía
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia.
| | - Sioly Rodríguez-Suárez
- Centro de Estudios sobre Seguridad y Drogas, Facultad de Economía, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia.
| | - Pablo Zuleta
- Centro de Estudios sobre Seguridad y Drogas, Facultad de Economía, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia.
| | - Benjamin G Chavez
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
| | - Juan A Sanchez
- Centro de Estudios sobre Seguridad y Drogas, Facultad de Economía, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia.
- Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia.
| | - John C D'Auria
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
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In vitro approach for evaluation of carob by-products as source bioactive ingredients with potential to attenuate metabolic syndrome (MetS). Heliyon 2019; 5:e01175. [PMID: 30775572 PMCID: PMC6357213 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential bioactivities for alleviating Metabolic Syndrome associated risk factors were evaluated in carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) fruit by-products, i.e. seed peel, germ and pod. Carob germ and seed peel showed higher phenolic content than pod (99.72, 80.24 and 47.06 μmol GAE g−1, respectively). Pod mostly contained gallic acid and gallotannins; seed peel and germ's showed as most abundant polyphenols quercetin and apigenin derivatives. Carob pod and seed peel revealed stronger antioxidant capacities compared to germ. The strongest antihypertensive activity was found in seed peel, followed by pod and germ. Anti-inflammatory activity showed inhibition of NO production in LPS-induced macrophages, although only pod was able of reducing pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α andPGD2). Finally, fat accumulation on mature adipocytes was reduced by carob seed peel and pod extracts. This work shows the potential use of pod carob by-products as food ingredients with special relevance of carob pod for attenuating metabolic syndrome.
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9
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Xue Z, Wang J, Chen Z, Ma Q, Guo Q, Gao X, Chen H. Antioxidant, antihypertensive, and anticancer activities of the flavonoid fractions from green, oolong, and black tea infusion waste. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High‐Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Jingya Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High‐Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Zhongqin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High‐Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Qiqi Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High‐Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Qingwen Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High‐Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Xudong Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High‐Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High‐Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin China
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Salden BN, Troost FJ, de Groot E, Stevens YR, Garcés-Rimón M, Possemiers S, Winkens B, Masclee AA. Randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of hesperidin 2S on validated cardiovascular biomarkers in healthy overweight individuals. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:1523-1533. [PMID: 27797708 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.136960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Hesperidin, a citrus flavonoid with antioxidant and other biological properties, potentially exerts beneficial effects on endothelial function (EF). OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of hesperidin 2S supplementation on EF in overweight individuals. DESIGN This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which 68 individuals were randomly assigned to receive hesperidin 2S (450 mg/d) or a placebo for 6 wk. At baseline and after 6 wk of intervention, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were assessed. Acute, reversible ED was induced by intake of a high-fat meal (HFM). A second FMD scan was performed 2 h postprandially, and adhesion molecules were assessed 2 and 4 h postprandially. An additional exploratory analysis was performed in subjects with baseline FMD ≥3%. RESULTS No significant change in fasting or postprandial FMD was observed after 6 wk of hesperidin intake compared with placebo intake. However, there was a trend for a reduction of sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, sP-selectin, SBP, and DBP after 6 wk of hesperidin treatment. In the FMD ≥3% group, hesperidin protected individuals from postprandial ED (P = 0.050) and significantly downregulated sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 (all P ≤ 0.030). The results reported in the current article were not adjusted for multiplicity. CONCLUSIONS Six weeks of consumption of hesperidin 2S did not improve basal or postprandial FMD in our total study population. There was a tendency toward a reduction of adhesion molecules and a decrease in SBP and DBP. Further exploratory analyses revealed that, in subjects with baseline FMD ≥3%, hesperidin 2S improved ED after an HFM and reduced adhesion molecules. These results indicate the cardiovascular health benefits of hesperidin 2S in overweight and obese individuals with a relatively healthy endothelium. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02228291.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouke N Salden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, and
| | - Freddy J Troost
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, and
| | - Eric de Groot
- Imagelabonline & Cardiovascular, Eindhoven and Lunteren, Netherlands.,Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sam Possemiers
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Winkens
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ad A Masclee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, and
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Schepetkin IA, Ramstead AG, Kirpotina LN, Voyich JM, Jutila MA, Quinn MT. Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols from Epilobium Angustifolium (Fireweed). Phytother Res 2016; 30:1287-97. [PMID: 27215200 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Epilobium angustifolium is a medicinal plant used around the world in traditional medicine for the treatment of many disorders and ailments. Experimental studies have demonstrated that Epilobium extracts possess a broad range of pharmacological and therapeutic effects, including antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-aging properties. Flavonoids and ellagitannins, such as oenothein B, are among the compounds considered to be the primary biologically active components in Epilobium extracts. In this review, we focus on the biological properties and the potential clinical usefulness of oenothein B, flavonoids, and other polyphenols derived from E. angustifolium. Understanding the biochemical properties and therapeutic effects of polyphenols present in E. angustifolium extracts will benefit further development of therapeutic treatments from this plant. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Andrew G Ramstead
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Liliya N Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Jovanka M Voyich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Mark A Jutila
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
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Novotny JA, Baer DJ, Khoo C, Gebauer SK, Charron CS. Cranberry juice consumption lowers markers of cardiometabolic risk, including blood pressure and circulating C-reactive protein, triglyceride, and glucose concentrations in adults. J Nutr 2015; 145:1185-93. [PMID: 25904733 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.203190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiometabolic risk is the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, or stroke, which are leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the potential of low-calorie cranberry juice (LCCJ) to lower cardiometabolic risk. METHODS A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study was conducted with controlled diets. Thirty women and 26 men (mean baseline characteristics: 50 y; weight, 79 kg; body mass index, 28 kg/m(2)) completed an 8-wk intervention with LCCJ or a flavor/color/energy-matched placebo beverage. Twice daily volunteers consumed 240 mL of LCCJ or the placebo beverage, containing 173 or 62 mg of phenolic compounds and 6.5 or 7.5 g of total sugar per 240-mL serving, respectively. RESULTS Fasting serum triglycerides (TGs) were lower after consuming LCCJ and demonstrated a treatment × baseline interaction such that the participants with higher baseline TG concentrations were more likely to experience a larger treatment effect (1.15 ± 0.04 mmol/L vs. 1.25 ± 0.04 mmol/L, respectively; P = 0.027). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was lower for individuals consuming LCCJ than for individuals consuming the placebo beverage [ln transformed values of 0.522 ± 0.115 ln(mg/L) vs. 0.997 ± 0.120 ln(mg/L), P = 0.0054, respectively, and equivalent to 1.69 mg/L vs. 2.71 mg/L back-transformed]. LCCJ lowered diastolic blood pressure (BP) compared with the placebo beverage (69.2 ± 0.8 mm Hg for LCCJ vs. 71.6 ± 0.8 mm Hg for placebo; P = 0.048). Fasting plasma glucose was lower (P = 0.03) in the LCCJ group (5.32 ± 0.03 mmol/L) than in the placebo group (5.42 ± 0.03 mmol/L), and LCCJ had a beneficial effect on homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance for participants with high baseline values (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION LCCJ can improve several risk factors of CVD in adults, including circulating TGs, CRP, and glucose, insulin resistance, and diastolic BP. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01295684.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Novotny
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and
| | - David J Baer
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and
| | - Christina Khoo
- Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., Lakeville-Middleborough, MA
| | - Sarah K Gebauer
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and
| | - Craig S Charron
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and
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Shimada A, Inagaki M. Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Activity of Ursolic Acid Isolated from Thymus vulgaris, L. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.20.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Arutyunyan TV, Korystova AF, Kublik LN, Levitman MK, Shaposhnikova VV, Korystov YN. Effects of taxifolin on the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the aorta of aging rats and rats treated with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and dexamethasone. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:2089-97. [PMID: 23271616 PMCID: PMC3825014 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The action of taxifolin on the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in the aorta of aging rats and rats treated with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (N ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)) or dexamethasone have been studied. The ACE activity in aorta sections was determined by measuring the hydrolysis of hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine, and the ROS/RNS production was measured by oxidation of dichlorodihydrofluorescein. It was shown that taxifolin at a dose of 30-100 μg/kg/day decreases the ACE activity in the aorta of aging rats and of rats treated with L-NAME or dexamethasone to the level of the ACE activity in young control rats. Taxifolin (100 μg/kg/day) was found to also reduce the amount of ROS/RNS in the aorta that increased as a result of L-NAME intake. L-NAME treatment increases the contribution of 5-lipoxygenase and NADPH oxidase to ROS/RNS production in the aorta, while taxifolin (100 μg/kg/day) decreases the contribution of these enzymes to the normal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara V. Arutyunyan
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia
| | - Antonina F. Korystova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia
| | - Ludmila N. Kublik
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia
| | - Maria Kh. Levitman
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia
| | - Vera V. Shaposhnikova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia
| | - Yuri N. Korystov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia
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Lagemann A, Dunkel A, Hofmann T. Activity-guided discovery of (S)-malic acid 1'-O-β-gentiobioside as an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor in lettuce (Lactuca sativa). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:7211-7. [PMID: 22762370 DOI: 10.1021/jf3022157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), playing a crucial role in the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, is well-known to catalyze the conversion of the decapeptide angiotensin I into the physiologically active octapeptide angiotensin II, triggering blood pressure increasing mechanisms. To meet the demand for natural phytochemicals as antihypertensive agents in functional food development, extracts prepared from a series of vegetables were screened for their ACE-inhibitory activity by means of a LC-MS/MS-based in vitro assay. By far the highest ACE inhibition was found for a lettuce extract, in which the most active compound was located by means of activity-guided fractionation. LC-MS, NMR spectroscopy, and hydrolysis experiments followed by ion chromatography led to the unequivocal identification of the ACE inhibitor as the previously not reported (S)-malic acid 1'-O-β-gentiobioside. This glycoside represents a novel class of ACE-inhibiting phytochemicals with a low IC(50) value of 27.8 μM. First incubation experiments in saliva and aqueous hydrochloric acid demonstrated the stability of (S)-malic acid 1'-O-β-gentiobioside against salivary glycosidases and stomach acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Lagemann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Marambe PWMLHK, Shand PJ, Wanasundara JPD. An In-vitro Investigation of Selected Biological Activities of Hydrolysed Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Proteins. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-008-1293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ninahuaman MFML, Souccar C, Lapa AJ, Lima-Landman MTR. ACE activity during the hypotension produced by standardized aqueous extract of Cecropia glaziovii Sneth: a comparative study to captopril effects in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 14:321-7. [PMID: 17433647 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of the standardized aqueous extract (AE) of Cecropia glaziovii Sneth on the plasma angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE-EC 3.4.15.1) activity, rats were treated with a single dose of AE (1 g/kg, p.o.) or repeatedly (0.5 g/kg/bid, p.o.) for 60 days. Captopril (50 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as positive control on the same animals. The effects on the blood pressure were recorded directly from the femoral artery (single dose), or indirectly by the tail cuff method (repeated doses) in conscious rats. The plasma ACE activity was determined spectrofluorimetrically using Hypuril-Hystidine-Leucine as substrate. The arterial blood pressure, heart rate and plasma ACE activity were not significantly modified within 24 h after a single dose administration of AE. Comparatively, blood pressure in captopril treated rats was reduced by 7-16% and heart rate was increased by 10-20% from 30 min to 24 h after drug administration. ACE activity after captopril presented a dual response: an immediate inhibition peaking at 30 min and a slow reversal to 32% up-regulation after 24 h. To correlate the drug effects upon repeated administration of either compound, normotensive rats were separated in three groups: animals with high ACE (48.8+/-2.6 nmol/min/ml), intermediate ACE (39.4+/-1.4 nmol/min/ml) and low ACE (23.5+/-0.6 nmol/min/ml) activity, significantly different among them. Repeated treatment with AE reduced the mean systolic blood pressure (121.7+/-0.5 mm Hg) by 20 mm Hg after 14 days. The hypotension was reversed upon washout 60 days afterwards. Likely, repeated captopril administration decreased blood pressure by 20 mm Hg throughout treatment in all groups. After 30 days treatment with AE (0.5 g/kg/bid, p.o.) the plasma ACE activity was unchanged in any experimental group. After captopril (50 mg/kg/bid, p.o.) administration the plasma ACE activity was inhibited by 50% within 1 h treatment but it was up-regulated by 120% after 12 h in all groups. It is concluded that the hypotension produced by prolonged treatment with AE of C. glaziovii is unrelated to ACE inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F M L Ninahuaman
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Pharmacology, Natural Products Section, 04044-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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18
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the deposition of plaques containing cholesterol and lipids in arterial walls. Atherosclerosis causes cardiovascular disease that lead to heart attacks and stroke. Mortality from these diseases is the leading cause of death in the U.S. Atherogenisis starts with the uptake of oxidized LDL by endothelial macrophages, the accumulation of foam cells in the intima of the artery and the formation of fatty streaks. Research indicates that consumption of flavonoids in foods and beverages may decrease the risk of atherosclerosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments with flavonoids demonstrate that flavonoids are dietary antioxidants and inhibit LDL oxidation, inhibit platelet aggregation and adhesion, inhibit enzymes involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism that affect the immune response to oxidized LDL and their uptake by endothelial macrophages, may induce endothelium-dependent vassorelaxation, and may increase reverse cholesterol transport and decrease total and LDL cholesterol. Cranberries contain both hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids. The cranberry flavonoids belong to three groups: anthocyanins, flavonols, and proanthocyanidins. This article reviews the literature on the effects of flavonoids on atherosclerosis with an emphasis on the potential effects of the flavonols and proanthocyanidins in cranberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess Reed
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, USA
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Franck U, Wagner H. Search for potential angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors from plants. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2001; 8:47-52. [PMID: 11292239 DOI: 10.1078/0944-7113-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
MeOH extracts, fractions and pure substances from Musanga cecropioides, Cecropia species and Crataegus oxyacantha /C. monogyna were screened by using an in vitro bio-assay based on the inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE), as measured from the enzymatic cleavage of the chromophore-fluorophore-labelled substrate dansyltriglycine into dansylglycine and diglycine. Phenolic acids showed no significant ACE-inhibition whereas flavonoids and proanthocyanidins demonstrated inhibitory activity at 0.33 mg/ml using this test system.
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Adsersen A, Adsersen H. Plants from Réunion Island with alleged antihypertensive and diuretic effects--an experimental and ethnobotanical evaluation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 1997; 58:189-206. [PMID: 9421255 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(97)00100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Eighty species of vascular plants were collected on Reunion Island and tested for their ability to inhibit the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), which plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and diuresis. Of these species, 26 serve as antihypertensive remedies in traditional medicine, and 38 as diuretics-10 of the 64 species have both alleged antihypertensive and diuretic effects. Of the species examined, 26 have not been reported to have any of these effects. Plant material was extracted with both acetone, ethanol and water, and samples were considered active if ACE inhibition was 50% or more in one of the extracts. Of the species with alleged antihypertensive or diuretic effect, 44% proved active. Of the species with no report of such effects, 31% proved active. There were no overall differences in the range of inhibition of the three extracts, but amongst the species considered active there was a strong negative correlation between inhibition of acetone and water extracts. A statistical analysis of the results demonstrated clear differences between plants with alleged antihypertensive effects, diuretic effects, and no alleged use with respect to inhibition of the three extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Adsersen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen
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