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Masunova N, Tereschenko M, Alexandrov G, Spirina L, Tarasenko N. Crucial Role of microRNAs as New Targets for Amelogenesis Disorders Detection. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1139-1149. [PMID: 37936447 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501257011231030161427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) refers to a heterogeneous group of conditions with multiple factors which contribute to the hypomineralisation of enamel. Preventive measures are necessary to predict this pathology. Prospects for preventive medicine are closely related to the search for new informative methods for diagnosing a human disease. MicroRNAs are prominent for the non-invasive diagnostic platform. THE AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the review is to review the heterogeneous factors involved in amelogenesis and to select the microRNA panel associated with the AI type. METHODS We used DIANA Tools (algorithms, databases and software) for interpreting and archiving data in a systematic framework ranging from the analysis of expression regulation from deep sequencing data to the annotation of miRNA regulatory elements and targets (https://dianalab. e-ce.uth.gr/). In our study, based on a gene panel associated with the AI types, twenty-four miRNAs were identified for the hypoplastic type (supplement), thirty-five for hypocalcified and forty-- nine for hypomaturation AI. The selection strategy included the microRNA search with multiple targets using the AI type's gene panel. RESULTS Key proteins, calcium-dependent and genetic factors were analysed to reveal their role in amelogenesis. The role of extracellular non-coding RNA sequences with multiple regulatory functions seems to be the most attractive. We chose the list of microRNAs associated with the AI genes. We found four microRNAs (hsa-miR-27a-3p, hsa-miR-375, hsa-miR-16-5p and hsamiR- 146a-5p) for the gene panel, associated with the hypoplastic type of AI; five microRNAs (hsa- miR-29c-3p, hsa-miR-124-3p, hsa-miR-1343-3p, hsa-miR-335-5p, and hsa-miR-16-5p - for hypocalcified type of AI, and seven ones (hsa-miR-124-3p, hsa-miR-147a, hsa-miR-16-5p, hsamiR- 429, hsa-let-7b-5p, hsa-miR-146a-5p, hsa-miR-335-5p) - for hypomaturation. It was revealed that hsa-miR-16-5p is included in three panels specific for both hypoplastic, hypocalcified, and hypomaturation types. Hsa-miR-146a-5p is associated with hypoplastic and hypomaturation type of AI, which is associated with the peculiarities of the inflammatory response immune response. In turn, hsa-miR-335-5p associated with hypocalcified and hypomaturation type of AI. CONCLUSION Liquid biopsy approaches are a promising way to reduce the economic cost of treatment for these patients in modern healthcare. Unique data exist about the role of microRNA in regulating amelogenesis. The list of microRNAs that are associated with AI genes and classified by AI types has been uncovered. The target gene analysis showed the variety of functions of selected microRNAs, which explains the multiple heterogeneous mechanisms in amelogenesis. Predisposition to mineralisation problems is a programmed event. Many factors determine the manifestation of this problem. Additionally, it is necessary to remember the variable nature of the changes, which reduces the prediction accuracy. Therefore, models based on liquid biopsy and microRNAs make it possible to take into account these factors and their influence on the mineralisation. The found data needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Masunova
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Maria Tereschenko
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Georgy Alexandrov
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Liudmila Spirina
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia Tarasenko
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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Liu Z, Lu J, Chen X, Xiu P, Zhang Y, Lv X, Jiang X, Wang K, Zhang L. A novel amelogenesis-inspired hydrogel composite for the remineralization of enamel non-cavitated lesions. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:10150-10161. [PMID: 36472307 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01711c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Enamel non-cavitated lesions (NCLs) are subsurface enamel porosity from carious demineralization. The developed enamel cannot repair itself once NCLs occurs. The regeneration of mineral crystals in a biomimetic environment is an effective way to repair enamel subsurface defects. Previously, an amelogenin-derived peptide named QP5 was proven to repair demineralized enamel. In this work, inspired by amelogenesis, a novel biomimetic hydrogel composite containing the QP5 peptide and bioactive glass (BG) was designed, in which QP5 could promote enamel remineralization by guiding the calcium and phosphorus ions provided by BG. Also, BG could adjust the mineralization micro-environment to alkalinity, simulating the pH regulation of ameloblasts during enamel maturity. The BQ hydrogel composite showed biosafety and possessed capacity for enamel binding, ion release and pH buffering. Enamel NCLs treated with the BQ hydrogel composite showed a higher reduction in lesion depth and mineral loss both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, compared to the hydrogels containing only BG or QP5, groups treated with the BQ hydrogel composite attained more surface microhardness recovery and color recovery, exhibiting resistance to erosion and abrasion of the remineralization layer. We envision that the BQ hydrogel composite can provide a biomimetic micro-environment to favor enamel remineralization, thus reducing the lesion depth and increasing the mineral content as a promising biomimetic material for enamel NCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Junzhuo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangshu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinmo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
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3
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Surface and Structural Studies of Age-Related Changes in Dental Enamel: An Animal Model. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113993. [PMID: 35683290 PMCID: PMC9182525 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the animal kingdom, continuously erupting incisors provided an attractive model for studying the enamel matrix and mineral composition of teeth during development. Enamel, the hardest mineral tissue in the vertebrates, is a tissue sensitive to external conditions, reflecting various disturbances in its structure. The developing dental enamel was monitored in a series of incisor samples extending the first four weeks of postnatal life in the spiny mouse. The age-dependent changes in enamel surface morphology in the micrometre and nanometre-scale and a qualitative assessment of its mechanical features were examined by applying scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). At the same time, structural studies using XRD and vibrational spectroscopy made it possible to assess crystallinity and carbonate content in enamel mineral composition. Finally, a model for predicting the maturation based on chemical composition and structural factors was constructed using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The research presented here can extend the existing knowledge by proposing a pattern of enamel development that could be used as a comparative material in environmental, nutritional, and pharmaceutical research.
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da Silva KTL, Grazziotin-Soares R, de Miranda RR, Novais VR, Carvalho EM, da Silva GR, Bauer J, Carvalho CN. Effect of an enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain) on the microhardness and chemical composition of human root dentin: an in vitro study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8874. [PMID: 35614202 PMCID: PMC9133032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The advantage of using an Enamel matrix derivative EMD Emdogain as an intracanal medication could be a manner to strength the tooth structure, improving the physical and chemical properties of dentin. We tested, in vitro, the effect of Emdogain on the surface microhardness and chemical composition of root dentin. Ten human teeth were used to produce dentin specimens originated from the canal walls (n = 30) that remained in contact to Emdogain gel for 90 days. Baseline and 90-days after Emdogain treatment measurements were performed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR/FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and Knoop indenters. The use of EMD (Emdogain) for 90 days in contact with human root canal dentin specimens did not alter the microhardness and morphology of dentin. The elemental structure of dentin was altered because there was a reduction in carbonate content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karime Tavares Lima da Silva
- Postgraduate Program of Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.,Department of Dentistry, Instituto Florence, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Resende de Miranda
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Resende Novais
- Postgraduate Program of Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Gisele Rodrigues da Silva
- Postgraduate Program of Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jose Bauer
- Dentistry Biomaterials Laboratory (Biomma), School of Dentistry, University Federal of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luis, MA, Brazil
| | - Ceci Nunes Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program of Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
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Akkineni S, Zhu C, Chen J, Song M, Hoff SE, Bonde J, Tao J, Heinz H, Habelitz S, De Yoreo JJ. Amyloid-like amelogenin nanoribbons template mineralization via a low-energy interface of ion binding sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2106965119. [PMID: 35522709 PMCID: PMC9172371 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106965119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein scaffolds direct the organization of amorphous precursors that transform into mineralized tissues, but the templating mechanism remains elusive. Motivated by models for the biomineralization of tooth enamel, wherein amyloid-like amelogenin nanoribbons guide the mineralization of apatite filaments, we investigated the impact of nanoribbon structure, sequence, and chemistry on amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) nucleation. Using full-length human amelogenin and peptide analogs with an amyloid-like domain, films of β-sheet nanoribbons were self-assembled on graphite and characterized by in situ atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. All sequences substantially reduce nucleation barriers for ACP by creating low-energy interfaces, while phosphoserines along the length of the nanoribbons dramatically enhance kinetic factors associated with ion binding. Furthermore, the distribution of negatively charged residues along the nanoribbons presents a potential match to the Ca–Ca distances of the multi-ion complexes that constitute ACP. These findings show that amyloid-like amelogenin nanoribbons provide potent scaffolds for ACP mineralization by presenting energetically and stereochemically favorable templates of calcium phosphate ion binding and suggest enhanced surface wetting toward calcium phosphates in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susrut Akkineni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Miao Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Samuel E. Hoff
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Johan Bonde
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Center for Applied Life Sciences, Lund University, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Jinhui Tao
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Hendrik Heinz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Stefan Habelitz
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - James J. De Yoreo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
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Effect of Amelogenin Solution in the Microhardness of Remineralized Enamel and Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:7025910. [PMID: 34754308 PMCID: PMC8572611 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7025910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the microhardness of tooth enamel remineralized with enamel matrix protein solution as well as the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to this surface. Materials and Methods In total, 24 human premolars were selected and divided into 3 experimental groups (n = 8): SE—sound enamel, DE—demineralized enamel, and TE—demineralized enamel treated with amelogenin solution. Samples from DE and TE groups were subjected to pH cycling to induce initial artificial caries lesion. TE group was treated with amelogenin solution. Samples were placed in artificial saliva for 7 days. Knoop microhardness was measured before any intervention (T0), after pH cycling (T1) and after amelogenin solution treatment application (T2). Twenty-four hours after ceramic orthodontic brackets were bonded, samples were subjected to shear test in a universal testing machine. Microhardness and shear measurement distributions were subjected to Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test, which was followed by parametric tests (α = 0.05): 2-way analysis of variance (factors: enamel condition × treatment) and Tukey posttest for all three groups (SE, DE, and TE) in T0 and T2 for microhardness; analysis of variance and Tukey's test, for shear bond strength test. Results Means recorded for Knoop microhardness in T2, for the SE (366.7 KHN) and TE (342.8 KHN) groups, were significantly higher than those recorded for the DE group (263.5 KHN). The shear bond strength of the SE (15.44 MPa) and TE (14.84 MPa) groups statistically differed from that of the DE group (11.95 MPa). Conclusion In vitro demineralized enamel treatment with amelogenin solution was capable of taking samples' hardness back to levels similar to those observed for sound enamel. The shear bond strength on the enamel subjected to this treatment was similar to that observed for healthy enamel and higher than that observed for demineralized enamel.
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Habelitz S, Bai Y. Mechanisms of Enamel Mineralization Guided by Amelogenin Nanoribbons. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1434-1443. [PMID: 34009057 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211012925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nanofibrous nature and its intricate structural organization are the basis for the extraordinary ability of sound enamel to outlive masticatory forces at minimal failure rates. Apatite nanofibers of several hundreds of micrometers to possibly millimeters in length originate during the secretory stage of amelogenesis as 2-nm-thin and 15-nm-wide ribbons that develop and grow in length under the guidance of a dynamic mixture of specialized proteins, the developing enamel matrix (DEM). A critical role in the unidirectional and oriented growth of enamel mineral ribbons has been attributed to amelogenin, the major constituent of the DEM. This review elaborates on recent studies on the ability of ribbon-like assemblies of amelogenin to template the formation of an amorphous calcium phosphate precursor that transforms into apatite mineral ribbons similar to the ones observed in developing enamel. A mechanistic model of the biological processes that drive biomineralization in enamel is presented in the context of a comparative analysis of enamel mouse models and earlier structural data of the DEM emphasizing a regulatory role of the matrix metalloproteinase 20 in mineral deposition and the involvement of a process-directing agent for the templated mineral growth directed by amelogenin nanoribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Habelitz
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Y Bai
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Genovez-Júnior G, Paloco EAC, Berger SB, González AHM, Lopes MB, Amânicio DC, Guiraldo RD. Effect of Protein-Based Treatment on Chemical Composition, Hardness and Bond Strength of Remineralized Enamel. Braz Dent J 2021; 32:85-90. [PMID: 33914007 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202103438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the chemical composition and microhardness of human enamel treated with an Enamel Matrix Derivative (EMD) solution, and the bond strength between composite resin and this enamel. Thirty human enamel samples were randomly divided into three groups: Untouched Enamel (UE), Demineralized Enamel (DE) and Demineralized Enamel Treated with EMD (ET). DE and ET groups were subjected to acid challenge and ET treated with EMD (EMD was directly applied over conditioned enamel and left for 15 min). Samples from each group (n=4) had chemical composition assessed through to attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). Knoop microhardness of enamel samples from each group (n=10) was measured. For the microshear bond strength, the samples were etched for 30 s, and the adhesive was applied and cured for 10 s. Two matrixes were placed on the samples, filled with Filtek Z350 XT composite and cured for 20 s, each. The matrix was removed, and the microshear bond strength of each group (n=10) was tested. Data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis test (for microhardness), to analysis of variance and to Tukey's test (for microshear bond strength); (α=0.05). FTIR results have shown phosphate (hydroxyapatite indicator) in 900-1200 cm-1 bands in the UE and ET groups, which were different from the DE group. Microhardness and microshear analyses recorded higher statistical values for the UE and ET groups than for DE. EMD application to demineralized enamel seems to have remineralized the enamel; thus, the microhardness and bond strength was similar between UE and ET groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Genovez-Júnior
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNOPAR - Universidade Norte do Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Sandrine Bittencourt Berger
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNOPAR - Universidade Norte do Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Murilo Baena Lopes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNOPAR - Universidade Norte do Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Danil Guiraldo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNOPAR - Universidade Norte do Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Daher MT, Bausero P, Agbulut O, Li Z, Parlakian A. Bcl11b/Ctip2 in Skin, Tooth, and Craniofacial System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:581674. [PMID: 33363142 PMCID: PMC7758212 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.581674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ctip2/Bcl11b is a zinc finger transcription factor with dual action (repression/activation) that couples epigenetic regulation to gene transcription during the development of various tissues. It is involved in a variety of physiological responses under healthy and pathological conditions. Its role and mechanisms of action are best characterized in the immune and nervous systems. Furthermore, its implication in the development and homeostasis of other various tissues has also been reported. In the present review, we describe its role in skin development, adipogenesis, tooth formation and cranial suture ossification. Experimental data from several studies demonstrate the involvement of Bcl11b in the control of the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation during organ formation and repair, and more specifically in the context of stem cell self-renewal and fate determination. The impact of mutations in the coding sequences of Bcl11b on the development of diseases such as craniosynostosis is also presented. Finally, we discuss genome-wide association studies that suggest a potential influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms found in the 3’ regulatory region of Bcl11b on the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Thérèse Daher
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Inserm ERL U1164, UMR CNRS 8256, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pedro Bausero
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Inserm ERL U1164, UMR CNRS 8256, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Inserm ERL U1164, UMR CNRS 8256, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Inserm ERL U1164, UMR CNRS 8256, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Ara Parlakian
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Inserm ERL U1164, UMR CNRS 8256, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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10
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Shaw WJ, Tarasevich BJ, Buchko GW, Arachchige RMJ, Burton SD. Controls of nature: Secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of the enamel protein amelogenin in solution and on hydroxyapatite. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107630. [PMID: 32979496 PMCID: PMC7744360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Amelogenin, a protein critical to enamel formation, is presented as a model for understanding how the structure of biomineralization proteins orchestrate biomineral formation. Amelogenin is the predominant biomineralization protein in the early stages of enamel formation and contributes to the controlled formation of hydroxyapatite (HAP) enamel crystals. The resulting enamel mineral is one of the hardest tissues in the human body and one of the hardest biominerals in nature. Structural studies have been hindered by the lack of techniques to evaluate surface adsorbed proteins and by amelogenin's disposition to self-assemble. Recent advancements in solution and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and recombinant isotope labeling strategies are now enabling detailed structural studies. These recent studies, coupled with insights from techniques such as CD and IR spectroscopy and computational methodologies, are contributing to important advancements in our structural understanding of amelogenesis. In this review we focus on recent advances in solution and solid state NMR spectroscopy and in situ AFM that reveal new insights into the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of amelogenin by itself and in contact with HAP. These studies have increased our understanding of the interface between amelogenin and HAP and how amelogenin controls enamel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy J Shaw
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - Barbara J Tarasevich
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Garry W Buchko
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; School of Molecular Bioscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Rajith M J Arachchige
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Sarah D Burton
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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Dissanayake SSM, Ekambaram M, Li KC, Harris PWR, Brimble MA. Identification of Key Functional Motifs of Native Amelogenin Protein for Dental Enamel Remineralisation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25184214. [PMID: 32937944 PMCID: PMC7571260 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries or tooth decay is a preventable and multifactorial disease that affects billions of people globally and is a particular concern in younger populations. This decay arises from acid demineralisation of tooth enamel resulting in mineral loss from the subsurface. The remineralisation of early enamel carious lesions could prevent the cavitation of teeth. The enamel protein amelogenin constitutes 90% of the total enamel matrix protein in teeth and plays a key role in the biomineralisation of tooth enamel. The physiological importance of amelogenin has led to the investigation of the possible development of amelogenin-derived biomimetics against dental caries. We herein review the literature on amelogenin, its primary and secondary structure, comparison to related species, and its’ in vivo processing to bioactive peptide fragments. The key structural motifs of amelogenin that enable enamel remineralisation are discussed. The presence of several motifs in the amelogenin structure (such as polyproline, N- and C-terminal domains and C-terminal orientation) were shown to play a critical role in the formation of particle shape during remineralization. Understanding the function/structure relationships of amelogenin can aid in the rational design of synthetic polypeptides for biomineralisation, halting enamel loss and leading to improved therapies for tooth decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama S. M. Dissanayake
- School of Chemical Sciences, 23 Symonds St, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Manikandan Ekambaram
- Paediatric Dentistry, Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (M.E.); (K.C.L.)
| | - Kai Chun Li
- Paediatric Dentistry, Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (M.E.); (K.C.L.)
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences, 23 Symonds St, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
- School of Biological Sciences, 3b Symonds St, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, 3b Symonds St, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Correspondence: (P.W.R.H.); (M.A.B.); Tel.: +64-9-373-7599 (P.W.R.H. & M.A.B.); Fax: +64-9-373-7422 (P.W.R.H. & M.A.B.)
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, 23 Symonds St, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
- School of Biological Sciences, 3b Symonds St, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, 3b Symonds St, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Correspondence: (P.W.R.H.); (M.A.B.); Tel.: +64-9-373-7599 (P.W.R.H. & M.A.B.); Fax: +64-9-373-7422 (P.W.R.H. & M.A.B.)
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12
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Hanafy RA, Mostafa D, Abd El-Fattah A, Kandil S. Biomimetic chitosan against bioinspired nanohydroxyapatite for repairing enamel surfaces. BIOINSPIRED, BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2020; 9:85-94. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.19.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, chitosan was employed as a novel biomimetic mineralization model to repair damaged enamel to compare its performance with that of bioinspired zinc-doped nanohydroxyapatite. Fifty human premolar tooth slices were prepared, and artificial caries lesions were induced to produce demineralized enamel surfaces. The etched slices were randomly divided into two groups: a chitosan-hydrogel-treated group and a zinc-doped nanohydroxyapatite-treated group. In vitro assessment using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy was conducted at the baseline, demineralization and remineralization stages. Baseline results were matched with those for normal enamel; a marked reduction in the calcium (Ca)/phosphorus (P) ratio to 1·12 and the lack of the characteristic hydroxyapatite diffraction peaks were detected for demineralized enamel. The remineralization stage revealed evident recovery of the mineral contents (the calcium/phosphorus ratio was 1·61 for the chitosan-treated group and 1·58 for the bioinspired-nanohydroxyapatite-treated one), with apparent distinctive X-ray diffraction patterns of hydroxyapatite in both groups. Scanning electron microscopic analysis showed the absence of etched enamel porosity, with the formation of a newly formed rod-like apatite layer, similar to natural enamel, which extended over the treated enamel surfaces of both groups. Chitosan hydrogel is recommended as a biomimetic mineralization smart system for repairing demineralized carious enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Ahmed Hanafy
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dawlat Mostafa
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd El-Fattah
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Sherif Kandil
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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13
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Yao S, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Shao C, Liu Z, Jin B, Zhao R, Cao H, Pan H, Tang R. Calcium Phosphate Nanocluster-Loaded Injectable Hydrogel for Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4408-4417. [PMID: 35021400 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a hierarchical tissue in which the extracellular matrix consists of hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals embedded in the collagen matrix. Artificial bone regeneration remains a great challenge due to the difficulty of balancing the chemical composition, biological compatibility, and mechanical performance of the implant. Biomineralization starts from the formation of a hydrogel-like biomacromolecule matrix in many cases, while the mineralization of HAP often builds from amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) nanoclusters. Inspired by these discoveries, here we use a hydrogel loaded with ∼1 nm sized polymer-stabilized ACP nanoclusters (cluster-loaded hydrogel) as an injectable bone regeneration material. The hydrogel is biocompatible and stabilizes the ACP clusters such that they could efficiently infiltrate into collagen fibrils leading to intrafibrillar mineralization of HAP nanocrystals. Ex vivo results reveal that the cluster-loaded hydrogel has an excellent bone affinity as well as provides a suitable environment for the proliferation and differentiation of bone cells. In vivo experiments with rat bone show that the cluster-loaded hydrogel can generate HAP-based fillings within bone defects with perfect bonding to the surrounding tissue and a mechanical performance comparable with native bone. The fluidity of the hydrogel is further beneficial by providing a feasible minimally invasive bone healing procedure via syringe injection. The discovery and utilization of the cluster-loaded hydrogel described here provide a promising bioinspired approach for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Yao
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | | | - Yanyan Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Affiliated Hospital Stomatology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Changyu Shao
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Biao Jin
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Ruibo Zhao
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Han Cao
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Haihua Pan
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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14
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Hamai R, Tsuchiya K, Suzuki O. Adsorption of Serum Albumin onto Octacalcium Phosphate in Supersaturated Solutions Regarding Calcium Phosphate Phases. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12142333. [PMID: 31340468 PMCID: PMC6678651 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) has been shown to enhance new bone formation, coupled with its own biodegradation, through osteoblasts and osteoclast-like cell activities concomitant with de novo hydroxyapatite (HA) formation and serum protein accumulation on its surface. However, the nature of the chemical environment surrounding OCP and how it affects its metabolism and regulates protein accumulation is unknown. The present study examined how the degree of supersaturation (DS) affects the bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption onto OCP in 150 mM Tris-HCl buffer at 37 °C and pH 7.4, by changing the Ca2+ ion concentration. The amount of BSA adsorbed onto OCP increased as the DS increased. In addition, the amount of newly formed calcium phosphate, which could be OCP, was increased, not only by increases in DS, but also at lower equilibrium concentrations of BSA. The increased adsorption capacity of BSA was likely related to the formation of calcium phosphate on the adsorbed OCP. Together the results suggested that the formation of new calcium phosphate crystals is dependent on both the DS value and the adsorbate protein concentration, which may control serum protein accumulation on the OCP surface in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hamai
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kaori Tsuchiya
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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15
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Shlaferman J, Paige A, Meserve K, Miech JA, Gerdon AE. Selected DNA Aptamers Influence Kinetics and Morphology in Calcium Phosphate Mineralization. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3228-3236. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Shlaferman
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Emmanuel College, 400 The Fenway, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alexander Paige
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Emmanuel College, 400 The Fenway, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Krista Meserve
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Emmanuel College, 400 The Fenway, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jason A. Miech
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Emmanuel College, 400 The Fenway, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Aren E. Gerdon
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Emmanuel College, 400 The Fenway, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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16
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Liang K, Wang S, Tao S, Xiao S, Zhou H, Wang P, Cheng L, Zhou X, Weir MD, Oates TW, Li J, Xu HHK. Dental remineralization via poly(amido amine) and restorative materials containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11:15. [PMID: 31068570 PMCID: PMC6506538 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth decay is prevalent, and secondary caries causes restoration failures, both of which are related to demineralization. There is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic materials with remineralization functions. This article represents the first review on the cutting edge research of poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) in combination with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP). PAMAM was excellent nucleation template, and could absorb calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ions via its functional groups to activate remineralization. NACP composite and adhesive showed acid-neutralization and Ca and P ion release capabilities. PAMAM+NACP together showed synergistic effects and produced triple benefits: excellent nucleation templates, superior acid-neutralization, and ions release. Therefore, the PAMAM+NACP strategy possessed much greater remineralization capacity than using PAMAM or NACP alone. PAMAM+NACP achieved dentin remineralization even in an acidic solution without any initial Ca and P ions. Besides, the long-term remineralization capability of PAMAM+NACP was established. After prolonged fluid challenge, the immersed PAMAM with the recharged NACP still induced effective dentin mineral regeneration. Furthermore, the hardness of pre-demineralized dentin was increased back to that of healthy dentin, indicating a complete remineralization. Therefore, the novel PAMAM+NACP approach is promising to provide long-term therapeutic effects including tooth remineralization, hardness increase, and caries-inhibition capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunneng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Suping Wang
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics & Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shimeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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17
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Arifa MK, Ephraim R, Rajamani T. Recent Advances in Dental Hard Tissue Remineralization: A Review of Literature. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 12:139-144. [PMID: 31571787 PMCID: PMC6749882 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The dental caries is not simply a continuous and unidirectional process of the demineralization of the mineral phase, but a cyclic event with periods of demineralizations and remineralisation. The remineralization process is a natural repair mechanism to restore the minerals again, in ionic forms, to the hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystal lattice. It occurs under near-neutral physiological pH conditions whereby calcium and phosphate mineral ions are redeposited within the caries lesion from saliva and plaque fluid resulting in the formation of newer HAP crystals, which are larger and more resistant to acid dissolution. Numerous types of remineralizing agents and remineralizing techniques have been researched and many of them are being used clinically, with significantly predictable positive results. The recent researches on remineralization are based on biomimetic remineralization materials, having the capability to create apatite crystals within the completely demineralized collagen fibers. How to cite this article Arifa MK, Ephraim R, et al. Recent Advances in Dental Hard Tissue Remineralization: A Review of Literature. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(2):139-144.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mando K Arifa
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Mahe, Puducherry, India
| | - Rena Ephraim
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Mahe, Puducherry, India
| | - Thiruman Rajamani
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Mahe, Puducherry, India
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18
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Arachchige RJ, Burton SD, Lu JX, Ginovska B, Harding LK, Taylor ME, Tao J, Dohnalkova A, Tarasevich BJ, Buchko GW, Shaw WJ. Solid-State NMR Identification of Intermolecular Interactions in Amelogenin Bound to Hydroxyapatite. Biophys J 2018; 115:1666-1672. [PMID: 30415654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization processes govern the formation of hierarchical hard tissues such as bone and teeth in living organisms, and mimicking these processes could lead to the design of new materials with specialized properties. However, such advances require structural characterization of the proteins guiding biomineral formation to understand and mimic their impact. In their "active" form, biomineralization proteins are bound to a solid surface, severely limiting our ability to use many conventional structure characterization techniques. Here, solid-state NMR spectroscopy was applied to study the intermolecular interactions of amelogenin, the most abundant protein present during the early stages of enamel formation, in self-assembled oligomers bound to hydroxyapatite. Intermolecular dipolar couplings were identified that support amelogenin dimer formation stabilized by residues toward the C-termini. These dipolar interactions were corroborated by molecular dynamics simulations. A β-sheet structure was identified in multiple regions of the protein, which is otherwise intrinsically disordered in the absence of hydroxyapatite. To our knowledge, this is the first intermolecular protein-protein interaction reported for a biomineralization protein, representing an advancement in understanding enamel development and a new general strategy toward investigating biomineralization proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah D Burton
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
| | - Jun-Xia Lu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
| | | | | | - Megan E Taylor
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
| | - Jinhui Tao
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
| | | | | | - Garry W Buchko
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.
| | - Wendy J Shaw
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.
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19
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Regitsky AU, Keshavarz B, McKinley GH, Holten-Andersen N. Rheology as a Mechanoscopic Method to Monitor Mineralization in Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:4067-4074. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail U. Regitsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bavand Keshavarz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gareth H. McKinley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Niels Holten-Andersen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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20
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Xiao Z, Que K, Wang H, An R, Chen Z, Qiu Z, Lin M, Song J, Yang J, Lu D, Shen M, Guan B, Wang Y, Deng X, Yang X, Cai Q, Deng J, Ma L, Zhang X, Zhang X. Rapid biomimetic remineralization of the demineralized enamel surface using nano-particles of amorphous calcium phosphate guided by chimaeric peptides. Dent Mater 2017; 33:1217-1228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Capolupo A, Cassiano C, Casapullo A, Andreotti G, Cubellis MV, Riccio A, Riccio R, Monti MC. Identification of Trombospondin-1 as a Novel Amelogenin Interactor by Functional Proteomics. Front Chem 2017; 5:74. [PMID: 29057222 PMCID: PMC5635807 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amelogenins are a set of low molecular-weight enamel proteins belonging to a group of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins with a key role in tooth enamel development and in other regeneration processes, such as wound healing and angiogenesis. Since only few data are actually available to unravel amelogenin mechanism of action in chronic skin healing restoration, we moved to the full characterization of the human amelogenin isoform 2 interactome in the secretome and lysate of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial cells (HUVEC), using a functional proteomic approach. Trombospondin-1 has been identified as a novel and interesting partner of human amelogenin isoform 2 and their direct binding has been validated thought biophysical orthogonal approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Capolupo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Chiara Cassiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Andreotti
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria V Cubellis
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Raffaele Riccio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria C Monti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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22
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Nurbaeva MK, Eckstein M, Feske S, Lacruz RS. Ca 2+ transport and signalling in enamel cells. J Physiol 2017; 595:3015-3039. [PMID: 27510811 PMCID: PMC5430215 DOI: 10.1113/jp272775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel is one of the most remarkable examples of matrix-mediated biomineralization. Enamel crystals form de novo in a rich extracellular environment in a stage-dependent manner producing complex microstructural patterns that are visually stunning. This process is orchestrated by specialized epithelial cells known as ameloblasts which themselves undergo striking morphological changes, switching function from a secretory role to a cell primarily engaged in ionic transport. Ameloblasts are supported by a host of cell types which combined represent the enamel organ. Fully mineralized enamel is the hardest tissue found in vertebrates owing its properties partly to the unique mixture of ionic species represented and their highly organized assembly in the crystal lattice. Among the main elements found in enamel, Ca2+ is the most abundant ion, yet how ameloblasts modulate Ca2+ dynamics remains poorly known. This review describes previously proposed models for passive and active Ca2+ transport, the intracellular Ca2+ buffering systems expressed in ameloblasts and provides an up-dated view of current models concerning Ca2+ influx and extrusion mechanisms, where most of the recent advances have been made. We also advance a new model for Ca2+ transport by the enamel organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meerim K. Nurbaeva
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial BiologyNew York University College of DentistryNew YorkUSA
| | - Miriam Eckstein
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial BiologyNew York University College of DentistryNew YorkUSA
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of PathologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY10016USA
| | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial BiologyNew York University College of DentistryNew YorkUSA
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23
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Yang Y, Yang B, Li M, Wang Y, Yang X, Li J. Salivary acquired pellicle-inspired DpSpSEEKC peptide for the restoration of demineralized tooth enamel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:025007. [PMID: 28296648 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa5daf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Salivary acquired pellicle (SAP) is a layer of proteins and glycoproteins of salivary origin that tightly coat the tooth surface. Statherin is an important part of the SAP. The initial six-peptide sequence DpSpSEEK (where pS denotes phosphorylated serine) of the N-terminus of statherin can be immobilized on a hydroxyapatite (HAP) surface and the negatively charged domains of the DpSpSEEK side chain can catch free Ca2+ in saliva due to the charge adsorption effect. In order to prepare more functional materials based on DpSpSEEK, we designed a cysteine-labeled peptide sequence DpSpSEEKC, which could conjugate other macromolecules by forming a sulfur-based linkage. In this work, we measured the adsorption of DpSpSEEKC to HAP by various methods. We also coated DpSpSEEKC on a demineralized tooth enamel surface to evaluate its biomineralization capacity. The DpSpSEEKC-coated samples were characterized after immersion in artificial saliva for 2 weeks. The results showed that DpSpSEEKC has a strong adsorption capacity to HAP and could induce remineralization on the demineralized tooth enamel surface due to its carboxyl and phosphate groups. Compared with the control samples, the mechanical properties of the DpSpSEEKC-coated samples were obviously improved. In conclusion, DpSpSEEKC can provide a potential method for restoring demineralized tooth enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxin Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
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Wang H, Xiao Z, Yang J, Lu D, Kishen A, Li Y, Chen Z, Que K, Zhang Q, Deng X, Yang X, Cai Q, Chen N, Cong C, Guan B, Li T, Zhang X. Oriented and Ordered Biomimetic Remineralization of the Surface of Demineralized Dental Enamel Using HAP@ACP Nanoparticles Guided by Glycine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40701. [PMID: 28079165 PMCID: PMC5228061 DOI: 10.1038/srep40701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving oriented and ordered remineralization on the surface of demineralized dental enamel, thereby restoring the satisfactory mechanical properties approaching those of sound enamel, is still a challenge for dentists. To mimic the natural biomineralization approach for enamel remineralization, the biological process of enamel development proteins, such as amelogenin, was simulated in this study. In this work, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) conjugated with alendronate (ALN) was applied to stabilize amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) to form CMC/ACP nanoparticles. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) functioned as the protease which decompose amelogenin in vivo to degrade the CMC-ALN matrix and generate HAP@ACP core-shell nanoparticles. Finally, when guided by 10 mM glycine (Gly), HAP@ACP nanoparticles can arrange orderly and subsequently transform from an amorphous phase to well-ordered rod-like apatite crystals to achieve oriented and ordered biomimetic remineralization on acid-etched enamel surfaces. This biomimetic remineralization process is achieved through the oriented attachment (OA) of nanoparticles based on non-classical crystallization theory. These results indicate that finding and developing analogues of natural proteins such as amelogenin involved in the biomineralization by natural macromolecular polymers and imitating the process of biomineralization would be an effective strategy for enamel remineralization. Furthermore, this method represents a promising method for the management of early caries in minimal invasive dentistry (MID).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haorong Wang
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Zuohui Xiao
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Danyang Lu
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Anil Kishen
- Discipline of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Cir, Toronto ON M5S, Canada
| | - Yanqiu Li
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Kehua Que
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Three-ring East Road, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Qing Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Three-ring East Road, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Ning Chen
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Changhong Cong
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Guan
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Academic Committee of Bybo dental group, 4 Qinian Main Street, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
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Krishnaraju RK, Hart TC, Schleyer TK. Comparative Genomics and Structure Prediction of Dental Matrix Proteins. Adv Dent Res 2016; 17:100-3. [PMID: 15126218 DOI: 10.1177/154407370301700123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-collagenous matrix proteins secreted by the ameloblasts (amelogenin) and odontoblasts (osteocalcin) play important roles in the mineralization of enamel and dentin. In this study, comparative genomics approaches were used to identify the functional domains and model the three-dimensional structure of amelogenin and osteocalcin, respectively. Multiple sequence analysis of amelogenin in different species showed a high degree of sequence conservation at the nucleotide and protein levels. At the protein level, motifs (a sequence pattern that occurs repeatedly in a group of related proteins or genes), conserved domains, secondary structural characteristics, and functional sites of amelogenin from lower phyla were similar to those of the higher-level mammals, reflecting the high degree of sequence conservation during vertebrate evolution. Osteocalcin, produced by both odontoblasts and osetoblasts, also showed sequence similarity between species. Three-dimensional structure predictions developed by modeling of conserved domains of osteocalcin supported a role for glutamic acid residues in the calcium mineralization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Krishnaraju
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Habelitz S, Kullar A, Marshall SJ, DenBesten PK, Balooch M, Marshall GW, Li W. Amelogenin-guided Crystal Growth on Fluoroapatite Glass-ceramics. J Dent Res 2016; 83:698-702. [PMID: 15329375 DOI: 10.1177/154405910408300908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of aligned fibrous apatite crystals in enamel is predominantly attributed to the involvement of amelogenin proteins. We developed a model to study interactions of matrix proteins with apatite mineral in vitro and tested the hypothesis that amelogenin solubility affects the ability to induce protein-guided mineralization. Crystal growth experiments were performed on fluoroapatite (FAP) glass-ceramics in mineralizing solutions containing recombinant full-length amelogenin (rH174) at different concentrations. Using atomic force microscopy, we observed that mineral precipitated randomly on the substrate, but also formed thin layers (height, 10 nm) on FAP within 24 hrs. This growth pattern was unaffected when 0.4 mg/mL of rH174 was added. In contrast, crystals grew on FAP at a rate up to 20 times higher, at 1.6 mg/mL protein. Furthermore, nanospheres and mineral bound specifically to FAP and aligned in strings approximately parallel to the c-axis of FAP, leading us to the conclusion that amelogenin proteins indeed control direction and rate of growth of apatite in enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Habelitz
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, 707 Parnassus Avenue, D-2260, San Francisco 94143-0758, USA.
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27
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Margolis HC, Beniash E, Fowler CE. Role of Macromolecular Assembly of Enamel Matrix Proteins in Enamel Formation. J Dent Res 2016; 85:775-93. [PMID: 16931858 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike other mineralized tissues, mature dental enamel is primarily (> 95% by weight) composed of apatitic crystals and has a unique hierarchical structure. Due to its high mineral content and organized structure, enamel has exceptional functional properties and is the hardest substance in the human body. Enamel formation (amelogenesis) is the result of highly orchestrated extracellular processes that regulate the nucleation, growth, and organization of forming mineral crystals. However, major aspects of the mechanism of enamel formation are not well-understood, although substantial evidence suggests that protein-protein and protein-mineral interactions play crucial roles in this process. The purpose of this review is a critical evaluation of the present state of knowledge regarding the potential role of the assembly of enamel matrix proteins in the regulation of crystal growth and the structural organization of the resulting enamel tissue. This review primarily focuses on the structure and function of amelogenin, the predominant enamel matrix protein. This review also provides a brief description of novel in vitro approaches that have used synthetic macromolecules ( i.e., surfactants and polymers) to regulate the formation of hierarchical inorganic (composite) structures in a fashion analogous to that believed to take place in biological systems, such as enamel. Accordingly, this review illustrates the potential for developing bio-inspired approaches to mineralized tissue repair and regeneration. In conclusion, the authors present a hypothesis, based on the evidence presented, that the full-length amelogenin uniquely regulates proper enamel formation through a process of cooperative mineralization, and not as a pre-formed matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Margolis
- Department of Biomineralization, The Forsyth Institute, 140 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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28
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Schmidlin P, Zobrist K, Attin T, Wegehaupt F. In vitro re-hardening of artificial enamel caries lesions using enamel matrix proteins or self-assembling peptides. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24:31-6. [PMID: 27008255 PMCID: PMC4775007 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the re-hardening potential of enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) and self-assembling peptides in vitro, hypothesizing that these materials may increase the mineralization of artificial carious lesions and improve hardness profiles. Material and Methods Forty-eight enamel samples were prepared from extracted bovine lower central incisors. After embedding and polishing, nail varnish was applied, leaving a defined test area. One third of this area was covered with a flowable composite (non-demineralized control). The remaining area was demineralized in an acidic buffer solution for 18 d to simulate a carious lesion. Half the demineralized area was then covered with composite (demineralized control), while the last third was left open for three test and one control treatments: (A) Application of enamel-matrix proteins (EMD - lyophilized protein fractions dissolved in acetic acid, Straumann), (B) self-assembling peptides (SAP, Curodont), or (C) amine fluoride solution (Am-F, GABA) for 5 min each. Untreated samples (D) served as control. After treatment, samples were immersed in artificial saliva for four weeks (remineralization phase) and microhardness (Knoop) depth profiles (25-300 µm) were obtained at sections. Two-way ANOVA was calculated to determine differences between the areas (re-hardening or softening). Results Decalcification resulted in significant softening of the subsurface enamel in all groups (A-D). A significant re-hardening up to 125 µm was observed in the EMD and SAP groups. Conclusions This study showed that EMD and SAP were able to improve the hardness profiles when applied to deep demineralized artificial lesions. However, further research is needed to verify and improve this observed effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schmidlin
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katja Zobrist
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Wegehaupt
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Ren D, Ruan Q, Tao J, Lo J, Nutt S, Moradian-Oldak J. Amelogenin Affects Brushite Crystal Morphology and Promotes Its Phase Transformation to Monetite. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2016; 16:4981-4990. [PMID: 28808430 PMCID: PMC5553050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.6b00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Amelogenin protein is involved in organized apatite crystallization during enamel formation. Brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O), one of the precursors of hydroxyapatite mineralization in vitro, has been used for fabrication of biomaterials for hard tissue repair. In order to explore its potential application in biomimetic material synthesis, we studied the influence of the enamel protein amelogenin on brushite morphology and phase transformation to monetite. Our results show that amelogenin can adsorb onto the surface of brushite, leading to the formation of layered morphology on the (010) face. Amelogenin promoted the phase transformation of brushite into monetite (CaHPO4) in the dry state, presumably by interacting with crystalline water layers in brushite unit cells. Changes to the crystal morphology mediated by amelogenin continued even after the phase transformation from brushite to monetite, leading to the formation of organized platelets with an interlocked structure. This effect of amelogenin on brushite morphology and the phase transformation to monetite could provide a new approach to developing biomimetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Ren
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Qichao Ruan
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Jinhui Tao
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jonathan Lo
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Steven Nutt
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Janet Moradian-Oldak
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
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Mao J, Shi X, Wu YB, Gong SQ. Identification of Specific Hydroxyapatite {001} Binding Heptapeptide by Phage Display and Its Nucleation Effect. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9080700. [PMID: 28773822 PMCID: PMC5512522 DOI: 10.3390/ma9080700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
With recent developments of molecular biomimetics that combine genetic engineering and nanotechnology, peptides can be genetically engineered to bind specifically to inorganic components and execute the task of collagen matrix proteins. In this study, using biogenous tooth enamel as binding substrate, we identified a new heptapeptide (enamel high-affinity binding peptide, EHBP) from linear 7-mer peptide phage display library. Through the output/input affinity test, it was found that EHBP has the highest affinity to enamel with an output/input ratio of 14.814 × 10−7, while a random peptide (RP) displayed much lower output/input ratio of 0.00035 × 10−7. This binding affinity was also verified by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis. It was found that EHBP absorbing onto the enamel surface exhibits highest normalized fluorescence intensity (5.6 ± 1.2), comparing to the intensity of EHBP to enamel longitudinal section (1.5 ± 0.9) (p < 0.05) as well as to the intensity of a low-affinity binding peptide (ELBP) to enamel (1.5 ± 0.5) (p < 0.05). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Attenuated total Reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) studies further confirmed that crystallized hydroxyapatite were precipitated in the mineralization solution containing EHBP. To better understand the nucleation effect of EHBP, EHBP was further investigated on its interaction with calcium phosphate clusters through in vitro mineralization model. The calcium and phosphate ion consumption as well as zeta potential survey revealed that EHBP might previously adsorb to phosphate (PO43−) groups and then initiate the precipitation of calcium and phosphate groups. This study not only proved the electrostatic interaction of phosphate group and the genetically engineering solid-binding peptide, but also provided a novel nucleation motif for potential applications in guided hard tissue biomineralization and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Mao
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Ya-Bo Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Shi-Qiang Gong
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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31
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Bronckers ALJJ, Lyaruu DM, Jalali R, DenBesten PK. Buffering of protons released by mineral formation during amelogenesis in mice. Eur J Oral Sci 2016; 124:415-425. [PMID: 27422589 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of pH by ameloblasts during amelogenesis is critical for enamel mineralization. We examined the effects of reduced bicarbonate secretion and the presence or absence of amelogenins on ameloblast modulation and enamel mineralization. To that end, the composition of fluorotic and non-fluorotic enamel of several different mouse mutants, including enamel of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-deficient (Cftr null), anion exchanger-2-deficient (Ae2a,b null), and amelogenin-deficient (Amelx null) mice, was determined by quantitative X-ray microanalysis. Correlation analysis was carried out to compare the effects of changes in the levels of sulfated-matrix (S) and chlorine (Cl; for bicarbonate secretion) on mineralization and modulation. The chloride (Cl- ) levels in forming enamel determined the ability of ameloblasts to modulate, remove matrix, and mineralize enamel. In general, the lower the Cl- content, the stronger the negative effects. In Amelx-null mice, modulation was essentially normal and the calcium content was reduced least. Retention of amelogenins in enamel of kallikrein-4-deficient (Klk4-null) mice resulted in decreased mineralization and reduced the length of the first acid modulation band without changing the total length of all acidic bands. These data suggest that buffering by bicarbonates is critical for modulation, matrix removal and enamel mineralization. Amelogenins also act as a buffer but are not critical for modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonius L J J Bronckers
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Don M Lyaruu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rozita Jalali
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pamela K DenBesten
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of California in San Francisco, CA, USA
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32
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Yoshimi Y, Kunimatsu R, Hirose N, Awada T, Miyauchi M, Takata T, Li W, Zhu L, Denbesten P, Tanne K, Tanimoto K. Effects of C-Terminal Amelogenin Peptide on Proliferation of Human Cementoblast Lineage Cells. J Periodontol 2016; 87:820-7. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.150507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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33
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Melcher M, Facey SJ, Henkes TM, Subkowski T, Hauer B. Accelerated Nucleation of Hydroxyapatite Using an Engineered Hydrophobin Fusion Protein. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1716-26. [PMID: 27010648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate mineralization is of particular interest in dental repair. A biomimetic approach using proteins or peptides is a highly promising way to reconstruct eroded teeth. In this study, the screening of several proteins is described for their binding and nucleating activities toward hydroxyapatite. Out of 27 tested candidates, only two hydrophobin fusion proteins showed binding abilities to hydroxyapatite in a mouthwash formulation and an increased nucleation in artificial saliva. Using a semirational approach, one of the two candidates (DEWA_5), a fusion protein consisting of a truncated section of the Bacillus subtilis synthase YaaD, the Aspergillus nidulans hydrophobin DEWA, and the rationally designed peptide P11-4 described in the literature, could be further engineered toward a faster mineral formation. The variants DEWA_5a (40aaYaaD-SDSDSD-DEWA) and DEWA_5b (40aaYaaD-RDRDRD-DEWA) were able to enhance the nucleation activity without losing the ability to form hydroxyapatite. In the case of variant DEWA_5b, an additional increase in the binding toward hydroxyapatite could be achieved. Especially with the variant DEWA_5a, the protein engineering of the rationally designed peptide sequence resulted in a resemblance of an amino acid motif that is found in nature. The engineered peptide resembles the amino acid motif in dentin phosphoprotein, one of the major proteins involved in dentinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Melcher
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart , Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sandra J Facey
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart , Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thorsten M Henkes
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart , Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Hauer
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart , Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Ishiko-Uzuka R, Anada T, Kobayashi K, Kawai T, Tanuma Y, Sasaki K, Suzuki O. Oriented bone regenerative capacity of octacalcium phosphate/gelatin composites obtained through two-step crystal preparation method. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:1029-1039. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Risa Ishiko-Uzuka
- Division of Maxillofacial Prosthetic Clinic; Tohoku University Hospital; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering; Tohoku University Graduate of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry; Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Takahisa Anada
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering; Tohoku University Graduate of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kobayashi
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering; Tohoku University Graduate of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Tadashi Kawai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Yuji Tanuma
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry; Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering; Tohoku University Graduate of Dentistry; Sendai 980-8575 Japan
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35
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Charone S, De Lima Leite A, Peres-Buzalaf C, Silva Fernandes M, Ferreira de Almeida L, Zardin Graeff MS, Cardoso de Oliveira R, Campanelli AP, Groisman S, Whitford GM, Everett ET, Buzalaf MAR. Proteomics of Secretory-Stage and Maturation-Stage Enamel of Genetically Distinct Mice. Caries Res 2016; 50:24-31. [DOI: 10.1159/000442301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which excessive ingestion of fluoride (F) during amelogenesis leads to dental fluorosis (DF) are still not precisely known. Inbred strains of mice vary in their susceptibility to develop DF, and therefore permit the investigation of underlying molecular events influencing DF severity. We employed a proteomic approach to characterize and evaluate changes in protein expression from secretory-stage and maturation-stage enamel in 2 strains of mice with different susceptibilities to DF (A/J, i.e. ‘susceptible' and 129P3/J, i.e. ‘resistant'). Weanling male and female susceptible and resistant mice fed a low-F diet were divided into 2 F-water treatment groups. They received water containing 0 (control) or 50 mg F/l for 6 weeks. Plasma and incisor enamel was analyzed for F content. For proteomic analysis, the enamel proteins extracted for each group were separated by 2-dimensional electrophoresis and subsequently characterized by liquid-chromatography electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. F data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's test (p < 0.05). Resistant mice had significantly higher plasma and enamel F concentrations when compared with susceptible mice in the F-treated groups. The proteomic results for mice treated with 0 mg F/l revealed that during the secretory stage, resistant mice had a higher abundance of proteins than their susceptible counterparts, but this was reversed during the maturation stage. Treatment with F greatly increased the number of protein spots detected in both stages. Many proteins not previously described in enamel (e.g. type 1 collagen) as well as some uncharacterized proteins were identified. Our findings reveal new insights regarding amelogenesis and how genetic background and F affect this process.
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36
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Tadaki M, Anada T, Shiwaku Y, Nakamura T, Nakamura M, Kojima M, Arai T, Fukumoto S, Suzuki O. A 3D culture model study monitoring differentiation of dental epithelial cells into ameloblast-like cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04570g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate whether a three dimensional (3D) culture of the rat incisor-derived dental epithelial cell line SF2 enhances its differentiation into ameloblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Tadaki
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
- Sendai
- Japan
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering
| | - Takahisa Anada
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
- Sendai 980-8575
- Japan
| | - Yukari Shiwaku
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
- Sendai 980-8575
- Japan
- Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology & Cell Biophysics
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Masanori Nakamura
- Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology
- Showa University School of Dentistry
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Masaru Kojima
- Department of Systems Innovation
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Tatsuo Arai
- Department of Systems Innovation
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
- Sendai 980-8575
- Japan
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Sóñora C, Arbildi P, Rodríguez-Camejo C, Beovide V, Marco A, Hernández A. Enamel organ proteins as targets for antibodies in celiac disease: implications for oral health. Eur J Oral Sci 2015; 124:11-6. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Sóñora
- Cátedra de Inmunología; Instituto de Química Biológica; Facultad de Ciencias -Departamento de Biociencias; Facultad de Química; Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
- Escuela Universitaria de Tecnología Médica; Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Paula Arbildi
- Cátedra de Inmunología; Instituto de Química Biológica; Facultad de Ciencias -Departamento de Biociencias; Facultad de Química; Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Claudio Rodríguez-Camejo
- Cátedra de Inmunología; Instituto de Química Biológica; Facultad de Ciencias -Departamento de Biociencias; Facultad de Química; Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Verónica Beovide
- Servicio y Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica General y Bucomaxilofacial; Facultad de Odontología; Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Alicia Marco
- Cátedra de Inmunología; Instituto de Química Biológica; Facultad de Ciencias -Departamento de Biociencias; Facultad de Química; Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Ana Hernández
- Cátedra de Inmunología; Instituto de Química Biológica; Facultad de Ciencias -Departamento de Biociencias; Facultad de Química; Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
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Apicella A, Heunemann P, Bolisetty S, Marascio M, Gemperli Graf A, Garamszegi L, Mezzenga R, Fischer P, Plummer CJ, Månson JA. The Influence of Arginine on the Response of Enamel Matrix Derivative (EMD) Proteins to Thermal Stress: Towards Improving the Stability of EMD-Based Products. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144641. [PMID: 26670810 PMCID: PMC4699454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In a current procedure for periodontal tissue regeneration, enamel matrix derivative (EMD), which is the active component, is mixed with a propylene glycol alginate (PGA) gel carrier and applied directly to the periodontal defect. Exposure of EMD to physiological conditions then causes it to precipitate. However, environmental changes during manufacture and storage may result in modifications to the conformation of the EMD proteins, and eventually premature phase separation of the gel and a loss in therapeutic effectiveness. The present work relates to efforts to improve the stability of EMD-based formulations such as Emdogain™ through the incorporation of arginine, a well-known protein stabilizer, but one that to our knowledge has not so far been considered for this purpose. Representative EMD-buffer solutions with and without arginine were analyzed by 3D-dynamic light scattering, UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy at different acidic pH and temperatures, T, in order to simulate the effect of pH variations and thermal stress during manufacture and storage. The results provided evidence that arginine may indeed stabilize EMD against irreversible aggregation with respect to variations in pH and T under these conditions. Moreover, stopped-flow transmittance measurements indicated arginine addition not to suppress precipitation of EMD from either the buffers or the PGA gel carrier when the pH was raised to 7, a fundamental requirement for dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Apicella
- Laboratoire des Technologie des Composites et Polymères (LTC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peggy Heunemann
- Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sreenath Bolisetty
- Food and Soft Materials Science, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Marascio
- Laboratoire des Technologie des Composites et Polymères (LTC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Food and Soft Materials Science, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Fischer
- Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (PF); (CJP)
| | - Christopher J. Plummer
- Laboratoire des Technologie des Composites et Polymères (LTC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (PF); (CJP)
| | - Jan-Anders Månson
- Laboratoire des Technologie des Composites et Polymères (LTC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abstract
Mature tooth enamel is acellular and does not regenerate itself. Developing technologies that rebuild tooth enamel and preserve tooth structure is therefore of great interest. Considering the importance of amelogenin protein in dental enamel formation, its ability to control apatite mineralization in vitro, and its potential to be applied in fabrication of future bio-inspired dental material this review focuses on two major subjects: amelogenin and enamel biomimetics. We review the most recent findings on amelogenin secondary and tertiary structural properties with a focus on its interactions with different targets including other enamel proteins, apatite mineral, and phospholipids. Following a brief overview of enamel hierarchical structure and its mechanical properties we will present the state-of-the-art strategies in the biomimetic reconstruction of human enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Ruan
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Janet Moradian-Oldak
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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So CR, Liu J, Fears KP, Leary DH, Golden JP, Wahl KJ. Self-Assembly of Protein Nanofibrils Orchestrates Calcite Step Movement through Selective Nonchiral Interactions. ACS NANO 2015; 9:5782-5791. [PMID: 25970003 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The recognition of atomically distinct surface features by adsorbed biomolecules is central to the formation of surface-templated peptide or protein nanostructures. On mineral surfaces such as calcite, biomolecular recognition of, and self-assembly on, distinct atomic kinks and steps could additionally orchestrate changes to the overall shape and symmetry of a bulk crystal. In this work, we show through in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments that an acidic 20 kDa cement protein from the barnacle Megabalanus rosa (MRCP20) binds specifically to step edge atoms on {101̅4} calcite surfaces, remains bound and further assembles over time to form one-dimensional nanofibrils. Protein nanofibrils are continuous and organized at the nanoscale, exhibiting striations with a period of ca. 45 nm. These fibrils, templated by surface steps of a preferred geometry, in turn selectively dissolve underlying calcite features displaying the same atomic arrangement. To demonstrate this, we expose the protein solution to bare and fibril-associated rhombohedral etch pits to reveal that nanofibrils accelerate only the movement of fibril-forming steps when compared to undecorated steps exposed to the same solution conditions. Calcite mineralized in the presence of MRCP20 results in asymmetric crystals defined by frustrated faces with shared mirror symmetry, suggesting a similar step-selective behavior by MRCP20 in crystal growth. As shown here, selective surface interactions with step edge atoms lead to a cooperative regime of calcite modification, where templated long-range protein nanostructures shape crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R So
- †Chemistry Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Jinny Liu
- ‡Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Kenan P Fears
- †Chemistry Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Dagmar H Leary
- ‡Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Joel P Golden
- ‡Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Kathryn J Wahl
- †Chemistry Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, United States
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Bioactive nanofibers enable the identification of thrombospondin 2 as a key player in enamel regeneration. Biomaterials 2015; 61:216-28. [PMID: 26004236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration and development involves highly synchronized signals both between cells and with the extracellular environment. Biomaterials can be tuned to mimic specific biological signals and control cell response(s). As a result, these materials can be used as tools to elucidate cell signaling pathways and candidate molecules involved with cellular processes. In this work, we explore enamel-forming cells, ameloblasts, which have a limited regenerative capacity. By exposing undifferentiated cells to a self-assembling matrix bearing RGDS epitopes, we elicited a regenerative signal at will that subsequently led to the identification of thrombospondin 2 (TSP2), an extracellular matrix protein that has not been previously recognized as a key player in enamel development and regeneration. Targeted disruption of the thrombospondin 2 gene (Thbs2) resulted in enamel formation with a disordered architecture that was highly susceptible to wear compared to their wild-type counterparts. To test the regenerative capacity, we injected the bioactive matrix into the enamel organ and discovered that the enamel organic epithelial cells in TSP-null mice failed to polarize on the surface of the artificial matrix, greatly reducing integrin β1 and Notch1 expression levels, which represent signaling pathways known to be associated with TSP2. These results suggest TSP2 plays an important role in regulating cell-matrix interactions during enamel formation. Exploiting the signaling pathways activated by biomaterials can provide insight into native signaling mechanisms crucial for tooth development and cell-based strategies for enamel regeneration.
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Chen L, Yuan H, Tang B, Liang K, Li J. Biomimetic Remineralization of Human Enamel in the Presence of Polyamidoamine Dendrimers in vitro. Caries Res 2015; 49:282-90. [DOI: 10.1159/000375376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, known as artificial proteins, have unique and well-defined molecular size and structure. It has previously been used to mimic protein-crystal interaction during biomineralization. In this study, generation 4.5 (4.5G) PAMAM with carboxylic acid (PAMAM-COOH) was synthesized and utilized to remineralize the surface of etched enamel in vitro. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy we observed that 4.5G PAMAM-COOH can be absorbed on the etched enamel surface and that it can induce the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals with the same orientation as that of the enamel prisms on longitudinal and transversal enamel surfaces. The self-assembly behavior of PAMAM in the mineralization solution was also investigated and the result showed that 4.5G PAMAM can assemble to microribbon structure similar to the behavior of amelogenins. Therefore, we concluded that 4.5G PAMAM-COOH assemblies can act as the organic template on enamel surface and in mineralization solution to control the nucleation site and morphology of new-grown crystals to form the biomimetic structure of human enamel, which may open a new way for repairing damaged enamel.
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Tarasevich BJ, Philo JS, Maluf NK, Krueger S, Buchko GW, Lin G, Shaw WJ. The leucine-rich amelogenin protein (LRAP) is primarily monomeric and unstructured in physiological solution. J Struct Biol 2015; 190:81-91. [PMID: 25449314 PMCID: PMC4400868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Amelogenin proteins are critical to the formation of enamel in teeth and may have roles in controlling growth and regulating microstructures of the intricately woven hydroxyapatite (HAP). Leucine-rich amelogenin protein (LRAP) is a 59-residue splice variant of amelogenin and contains the N- and C-terminal charged regions of the full-length protein thought to control crystal growth. Although the quaternary structure of full-length amelogenin in solution has been well studied and can consist of self-assemblies of monomers called nanospheres, there is limited information on the quaternary structure of LRAP. Here, sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation (SV) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) were used to study the tertiary and quaternary structure of LRAP at various pH values, ionic strengths, and concentrations. We found that the monomer is the dominant species of phosphorylated LRAP (LRAP(+P)) over a range of solution conditions (pH 2.7-4.1, pH 4.5-8, 50 mmol/L(mM) to 200 mM NaCl, 0.065-2 mg/mL). The monomer is also the dominant species for unphosphorylated LRAP (LRAP(-P)) at pH 7.4 and for LRAP(+P) in the presence of 2.5 mM calcium at pH 7.4. LRAP aggregates in a narrow pH range near the isoelectric point of pH 4.1. SV and SANS show that the LRAP monomer has a radius of ∼2.0 nm and an asymmetric structure, and solution NMR studies indicate that the monomer is largely unstructured. This work provides new insights into the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of LRAP in solution and provides evidence that the monomeric species may be an important functional form of some amelogenins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John S Philo
- Alliance Protein Laboratories, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Nasib Karl Maluf
- Alliance Protein Laboratories, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Susan Krueger
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Garry W Buchko
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States
| | - Genyao Lin
- WSP Chemicals & Technology, LLC, Leetsdale, PA 15056, United States
| | - Wendy J Shaw
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States
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Yilmaz ED, Schneider GA, Swain MV. Influence of structural hierarchy on the fracture behaviour of tooth enamel. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2015; 373:rsta.2014.0130. [PMID: 25713449 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tooth enamel has the critical role of enabling the mastication of food and also of protecting the underlying vital dentin and pulp structure. Unlike most vital tissue, enamel has no ability to repair or remodel and as such has had to develop robust damage tolerance to withstand contact fatigue events throughout the lifetime of a species. To achieve such behaviour, enamel has evolved a complex hierarchical structure that varies slightly between different species. The major component of enamel is apatite in the form of crystallite fibres with a nanometre-sized diameter that extend from the dentin-enamel junction to the oral surface. These crystallites are bound together by proteins and peptides into a range of hierarchical structures from micrometre diameter prisms to 50-100 μm diameter bundles of prisms known as Hunter-Schreger bands. As a consequence of such complex structural organization, the damage tolerance of enamel increases through various toughening mechanisms in the hierarchy but at the expense of fracture strength. This review critically evaluates the role of hierarchy on the development of the R-curve and the stress-strain behaviour. It attempts to identify and quantify the multiple mechanisms responsible for this behaviour as well as their impact on damage tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi D Yilmaz
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerold A Schneider
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael V Swain
- Prosthetic Department, Freiburg University, 29106 Freiburg, Germany Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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45
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Ruan Q, Moradian-Oldak J. Amelogenin and enamel biomimetics. J Mater Chem B 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00163c and 21=21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mature tooth enamel is acellular and does not regenerate itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Ruan
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Janet Moradian-Oldak
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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Sa Y, Liang S, Ma X, Lu S, Wang Z, Jiang T, Wang Y. Compositional, structural and mechanical comparisons of normal enamel and hypomaturation enamel. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:5169-5177. [PMID: 25172537 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary disorder of the enamel that severely influences the function, aesthetics and psychosocial well-being of patients. In this study, we performed a thorough comparison of normal and hypomaturation enamel through a series of systematical tests on human permanent molars to understand the biomineralization process during pathological amelogenesis. The results of microcomputed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, microzone X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, energy diffraction spectrum and Vickers microhardness testing together show dramatic contrasts between hypomaturation enamel and normal enamel in terms of their hierarchical structures, spectral features, crystallographic characteristics, thermodynamic behavior, mineral distribution and mechanical property. Our current study highlights the importance of the organic matrix during the amelogenesis process. It is found that the retention of the organic matrix will influence the quantity, quality and distribution of mineral crystals, which will further demolish the hierarchical architecture of the enamel and affect the related mechanical property. In addition, the high carbonate content in hypomaturation enamel influences the crystallinity, crystal size and solubility of hydroxyapatite crystals. These results deepen our understanding of hypomaturation enamel biomineralization during amelogenesis, explain the clinical manifestations of hypomaturation enamel, provide fundamental evidence to help dentists choose optimal therapeutic strategies and lead to improved biofabrication and gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sa
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ma
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhejun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yining Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China.
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Buzalaf MAR, Barbosa CS, Leite ADL, Chang SR, Liu J, Czajka-Jakubowska A, Clarkson B. Enamel crystals of mice susceptible or resistant to dental fluorosis: an AFM study. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 22:159-64. [PMID: 25025555 PMCID: PMC4072265 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720130515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the overall apatite crystals profile in the enamel
matrix of mice susceptible (A/J strain) or resistant (129P3/J strain) to dental
fluorosis through analyses by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Material and Methods Samples from the enamel matrix in the early stages of secretion and maturation
were obtained from the incisors of mice from both strains. All detectable traces
of matrix protein were removed from the samples by a sequential extraction
procedure. The purified crystals (n=13 per strain) were analyzed
qualitatively in the AFM. Surface roughness profile (Ra) was measured. Results The mean (±SD) Ra of the crystals of A/J strain (0.58±0.15 nm) was lower than the
one found for the 129P3/J strain (0.66±0.21 nm) but the difference did not reach
statistical significance (t=1.187, p=0.247). Crystals of the 129P3/J strain
(70.42±6.79 nm) were found to be significantly narrower (t=4.013, p=0.0013) than
the same parameter measured for the A/J strain (90.42±15.86 nm). Conclusion Enamel crystals of the 129P3/J strain are narrower, which is indicative of slower
crystal growth and could interfere in the occurrence of dental fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Silveira Barbosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline de Lima Leite
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Sywe-Ren Chang
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, U.S.A
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, U.S.A
| | - Agata Czajka-Jakubowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Brian Clarkson
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
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Ramadan Y, González-Sánchez MI, Hawkins K, Rubio-Retama J, Valero E, Perni S, Prokopovich P, López-Cabarcos E. Obtaining new composite biomaterials by means of mineralization of methacrylate hydrogels using the reaction–diffusion method. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:696-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sanii B, Martinez-Avila O, Simpliciano C, Zuckermann RN, Habelitz S. Matching 4.7-Å XRD spacing in amelogenin nanoribbons and enamel matrix. J Dent Res 2014; 93:918-22. [PMID: 25048248 PMCID: PMC4213250 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514544216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of conditions that induce nanoribbon structures of amelogenin protein in vitro raises questions about their role in enamel formation. Nanoribbons of recombinant human full-length amelogenin (rH174) are about 17 nm wide and self-align into parallel bundles; thus, they could act as templates for crystallization of nanofibrous apatite comprising dental enamel. Here we analyzed the secondary structures of nanoribbon amelogenin by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and tested if the structural motif matches previous data on the organic matrix of enamel. XRD analysis showed that a peak corresponding to 4.7 Å is present in nanoribbons of amelogenin. In addition, FTIR analysis showed that amelogenin in the form of nanoribbons was comprised of β-sheets by up to 75%, while amelogenin nanospheres had predominantly random-coil structure. The observation of a 4.7-Å XRD spacing confirms the presence of β-sheets and illustrates structural parallels between the in vitro assemblies and structural motifs in developing enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sanii
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Molecular Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Keck Science Department, Claremont McKenna, Scripps and Pitzer Colleges, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - O Martinez-Avila
- University of California, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - C Simpliciano
- University of California, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - R N Zuckermann
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Molecular Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - S Habelitz
- University of California, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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50
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de Moraes Ramos-Perez FM, do Espírito Santo AR, da Cruz Perez DE, Novaes PD, Bóscolo FN, Line SRP, de Almeida SM. Ionizing radiation effects on the secretory-stage ameloblasts and enamel organic extracellular matrix. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2014; 53:589-598. [PMID: 24699801 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-014-0539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of high doses of ionizing radiation on eruption rate, odontogenic region morphology, secretory-stage ameloblasts, and enamel organic extracellular matrix (EOECM) of rat maxillary incisors. For the study, 30 male rats were divided into three experimental groups: control (non-irradiated), irradiated by 15 Gy, and irradiated by 25 Gy. Irradiated groups received a single dose of 15 or 25 Gy of X-rays in the head and neck region. The maxillary incisor eruption rate was measured. Sections of 5-µm thickness of the maxillary incisor odontogenic regions were evaluated using bright field light microscopy. Ultrathin sections of secretory ameloblasts and their EOECM were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Irradiated groups showed significantly diminished eruption rate values at the 4th and at the 6th day after irradiation. Reduced optical retardation values were observed in the irradiated groups. The odontogenic region of maxillary incisors from irradiated rats exhibited altered and poorly organized preameloblasts. TEM showed degeneration areas in the secretory-stage EOECM and several autophagosomes in the secretory ameloblasts from irradiated animals. In conclusion, high radiation doses delay eruption and induce disturbances in secretory ameloblasts and EOECM of rat maxillary incisors. These findings may be associated with structural defects of mature enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Maria de Moraes Ramos-Perez
- Área de Radiologia Odontológica, Departamento de Clinica e Odontologia Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil,
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