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DeWolf S, Grinshpun B, Savage T, Lau SP, Obradovic A, Shonts B, Yang S, Morris H, Zuber J, Winchester R, Sykes M, Shen Y. Quantifying size and diversity of the human T cell alloresponse. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121256. [PMID: 30089728 PMCID: PMC6129121 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alloreactive T lymphocytes are the primary mediators of immune responses in transplantation, both in the graft-versus-host and host-versus-graft directions. While essentially all clones comprising the human T cell repertoire have been selected on self-peptide presented by self-human leukocyte antigens (self-HLAs), much remains to be understood about the nature of clones capable of responding to allo-HLA molecules. Quantitative tools to study these cells are critical to understand fundamental features of this important response; however, the large size and diversity of the alloreactive T cell repertoire in humans presents a great technical challenge. We have developed a high-throughput T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing approach to characterize the human alloresponse. We present a statistical method to model T cell clonal frequency distribution and quantify repertoire diversity. Using these approaches, we measured the diversity and frequency of distinct alloreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations in HLA-mismatched responder-stimulator pairs. Our findings indicate that the alloimmune repertoire is highly specific for a given pair of individuals, that most alloreactive clones circulate at low frequencies, and that a high proportion of TCRs is likely able to recognize alloantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan DeWolf
- Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Thomas Savage
- Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine
| | - Sai Ping Lau
- Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - Suxiao Yang
- Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine
| | - Heather Morris
- Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine
| | - Julien Zuber
- Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Megan Sykes
- Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Morris H, DeWolf S, Robins H, Sprangers B, LoCascio SA, Shonts BA, Kawai T, Wong W, Yang S, Zuber J, Shen Y, Sykes M. Tracking donor-reactive T cells: Evidence for clonal deletion in tolerant kidney transplant patients. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:272ra10. [PMID: 25632034 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3010760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T cell responses to allogeneic major histocompatibility complex antigens present a formidable barrier to organ transplantation, necessitating long-term immunosuppression to minimize rejection. Chronic rejection and drug-induced morbidities are major limitations that could be overcome by allograft tolerance induction. Tolerance was first intentionally induced in humans via combined kidney and bone marrow transplantation (CKBMT), but the mechanisms of tolerance in these patients are incompletely understood. We now establish an assay to identify donor-reactive T cells and test the role of deletion in tolerance after CKBMT. Using high-throughput sequencing of the T cell receptor B chain CDR3 region, we define a fingerprint of the donor-reactive T cell repertoire before transplantation and track those clones after transplant. We observed posttransplant reductions in donor-reactive T cell clones in three tolerant CKBMT patients; such reductions were not observed in a fourth, nontolerant, CKBMT patient or in two conventional kidney transplant recipients on standard immunosuppressive regimens. T cell repertoire turnover due to lymphocyte-depleting conditioning only partially accounted for the observed reductions in tolerant patients; in fact, conventional transplant recipients showed expansion of circulating donor-reactive clones, despite extensive repertoire turnover. Moreover, loss of donor-reactive T cell clones more closely associated with tolerance induction than in vitro functional assays. Our analysis supports clonal deletion as a mechanism of allograft tolerance in CKBMT patients. The results validate the contribution of donor-reactive T cell clones identified before transplant by our method, supporting further exploration as a potential biomarker of transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Morris
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Susan DeWolf
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Harlan Robins
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ben Sprangers
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Waichi Wong
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Suxiao Yang
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julien Zuber
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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3
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Cohen-Kaminsky S, Jambou F. Prospects for a T-cell receptor vaccination against myasthenia gravis. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 4:473-92. [PMID: 16117705 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.4.4.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR) vaccination has been proposed as a specific therapy against autoimmune diseases. It is already used in clinical trials, which are supported by pharmaceutical companies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Current vaccine developments are focusing on enhancement of immunogenicity as well as selecting the best route of immunization and adjuvant to favor the therapeutic effect. In the meantime, academic laboratories are tackling the regulatory mechanisms involved in the beneficial effect of the vaccines to further understand how to control the therapeutic tool. Indeed, several examples in experimental models of autoimmune diseases indicate that any specific therapy may rely on a delicate balance between the pathogenic and regulatory mechanisms. This review presents a critical analysis of the potential of such therapy in myasthenia gravis, a prototype antibody-mediated disease. Indeed, a specific pathogenic T-cell target population and a TCR-specific regulatory mechanism mediated by anti-TCR antibodies and involved in protection from the disease have recently been identified in a patient subgroup. The presence of spontaneous anti-TCR antibodies directed against the pathogenic T-cells that may be boosted by a TCR vaccine provides a rationale for such therapy in myasthenia gravis. The development of this vaccine may well benefit from experience gained in the other autoimmune diseases in which clinical trials are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Cohen-Kaminsky
- UMR 8078 Remodelage Tissulaire et Fonctionnel: Signalisation et Physiopathologie, Institut Paris Sud Cytokines, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France.
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4
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Six A, Mariotti-Ferrandiz ME, Chaara W, Magadan S, Pham HP, Lefranc MP, Mora T, Thomas-Vaslin V, Walczak AM, Boudinot P. The past, present, and future of immune repertoire biology - the rise of next-generation repertoire analysis. Front Immunol 2013; 4:413. [PMID: 24348479 PMCID: PMC3841818 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
T and B cell repertoires are collections of lymphocytes, each characterized by its antigen-specific receptor. We review here classical technologies and analysis strategies developed to assess immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) repertoire diversity, and describe recent advances in the field. First, we describe the broad range of available methodological tools developed in the past decades, each of which answering different questions and showing complementarity for progressive identification of the level of repertoire alterations: global overview of the diversity by flow cytometry, IG repertoire descriptions at the protein level for the identification of IG reactivities, IG/TR CDR3 spectratyping strategies, and related molecular quantification or dynamics of T/B cell differentiation. Additionally, we introduce the recent technological advances in molecular biology tools allowing deeper analysis of IG/TR diversity by next-generation sequencing (NGS), offering systematic and comprehensive sequencing of IG/TR transcripts in a short amount of time. NGS provides several angles of analysis such as clonotype frequency, CDR3 diversity, CDR3 sequence analysis, V allele identification with a quantitative dimension, therefore requiring high-throughput analysis tools development. In this line, we discuss the recent efforts made for nomenclature standardization and ontology development. We then present the variety of available statistical analysis and modeling approaches developed with regards to the various levels of diversity analysis, and reveal the increasing sophistication of those modeling approaches. To conclude, we provide some examples of recent mathematical modeling strategies and perspectives that illustrate the active rise of a "next-generation" of repertoire analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Six
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; CNRS, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; INSERM, UMR_S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CIC-BTi Biotherapy , Paris , France ; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU), Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy (i2B) , Paris , France
| | - Maria Encarnita Mariotti-Ferrandiz
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; CNRS, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; INSERM, UMR_S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU), Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy (i2B) , Paris , France
| | - Wahiba Chaara
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; CNRS, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; INSERM, UMR_S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CIC-BTi Biotherapy , Paris , France ; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU), Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy (i2B) , Paris , France
| | - Susana Magadan
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Hang-Phuong Pham
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; CNRS, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France
| | - Marie-Paule Lefranc
- IMGT®, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System®, Institut de Génétique Humaine, UPR CNRS 1142, Université Montpellier 2 , Montpellier , France
| | - Thierry Mora
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, UMR8550, CNRS and Ecole Normale Supérieure , Paris , France
| | - Véronique Thomas-Vaslin
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; CNRS, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; INSERM, UMR_S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU), Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy (i2B) , Paris , France
| | - Aleksandra M Walczak
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, UMR8549, CNRS and Ecole Normale Supérieure , Paris , France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires , Jouy-en-Josas , France
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5
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Yuling H, Ruijing X, Xiang J, Luokun X, Wenjun Y, Feng C, Baojun H, Hui Y, Guang Y, Chunlei Y, Jixin Z, Lang C, Li Q, Chang A, Zhuan B, Youxin J, Feili G, Jinquan T. Essential role of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1-bearing CD8+CD44+CCR7+ T cells in acute skin allograft rejection. Am J Transplant 2008; 8:1401-12. [PMID: 18510631 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A subset of naturally formed sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1)-bearing CD8(+)CD44(+)CCR7(+) memory T cells has been identified in transplant recipient BALB/c (H-2(d)) mice. The frequency of this subset of memory T cells is significantly increased in the spleen, lymph nodes and skin grafts in the recipient BALB/c mice during acute skin allograft rejections. The immune-reconstitution with CD8(+)CD44(+)CCR7(+)S1P1(+) memory T cells facilitates acute skin allograft rejection in SCID mice. Being Th1-polarized and cytotoxic, CD8(+)CD44(+)CCR7(+)S1P1(+) memory T cells proliferate and differentiate immediately into effectors upon encountering allo-antigens. A siRNA against S1P1 inhibits CD8(+)CD44(+)CCR7(+)S1P1(+) memory T cell-mediated acute skin allograft rejection in SCID mice by means of knocking-down S1P1-expression. CCL21 mutant (CCL21-DeltaCT) has been used to compete with wild-type CCL21 in the course of binding to CCR7. Combined administration of siRNA S1P1 and CCL21-DeltaCT significantly prolongs the survival of skin allograft in the recipient BALB/c mice by means of inhibiting accumulation of CD8(+)CD44(+)CCR7(+)S1P1(+) memory T cells in the spleen and the skin grafts. Our data provide direct evidence that S1P1 and CCR7 are involved in the proliferation and trafficking of CD8(+)CD44(+)CCR7(+)S1P1(+) memory T cells. S1P1 may serve as a functional marker for CD8(+)CD44(+)CCR7(+) memory T cells. Targeting CD8(+)CD44(+)CCR7(+)S1P1(+) T cells may be a useful strategy to prolong the survival of allograft transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yuling
- Department of Immunology, and Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Institute of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases and Center for Medical Research, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
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6
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Maeda Y, Tawara I, Teshima T, Liu C, Hashimoto D, Matsuoka KI, Tanimoto M, Reddy P. Lymphopenia-induced proliferation of donor T cells reduces their capacity for causing acute graft-versus-host disease. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:274-86. [PMID: 17258076 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2006.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Revised: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE T cells that undergo lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP) are characterized by greater effector and anti-tumor function than naïve T cells. But the ability of these T cells in causing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is not known. METHODS We tested the hypothesis that donor T cells that had undergone LIP would cause more severe GVHD than naïve T cells by utilizing well-characterized murine experimental models of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). RESULTS Contrary to our hypothesis, LIP of donor T cells under either noninflammatory or irradiated conditions caused significantly reduced GVHD as determined by survival, clinical, pathologic, and biochemical parameters than naïve T cells. Compared to naïve donor T cells, LIP T cells demonstrated reduced expansion in vivo and in vitro after allogeneic BMT. The reduction in GVHD mortality and severity was observed across multiple strains after allogeneic BMT. In vivo mechanistic studies by cell depletion demonstrated an increase in the CD44(hi) "memory" phenotype T cells and not the CD4(+)CD25(+) T cell subset to be critical for the reduction in GVHD. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that LIP of T cells regulates acute GVHD severity in contrast to their ability to cause increased allograft rejection, autoimmunity, or anti-tumor immunity.
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7
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Aviner S, Yao X, Krauthgamer R, Gan Y, Goren-Arbel R, Klein T, Tabilio A, McMannis JD, Champlin R, Martelli MF, Bachar-Lustig E, Reisner Y. Large-Scale Preparation of Human Anti—Third-Party Veto Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Depleted of Graft-Versus-Host Reactivity: A New Source for Graft Facilitating Cells in Bone Marrow Transplantation. Hum Immunol 2005; 66:644-52. [PMID: 15993710 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2005.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Induction of donor type chimerism in mildly prepared hosts without graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a most desirable goal in bone morrow transplantation. We have recently demonstrated in a mouse model that donor veto cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can facilitate the induction of donor type chimerism in sublethally irradiated recipients without causing GvHD if they are effectively depleted of alloreactivity against host cells by means of stimulation against a third party. We extend this approach to human cells, by preparing CTLs in two major steps: primary culture in the absence of interleukin 2, leading to death by neglect of antihost clones, and addition of interleukin 2 and subsequent dilution of antihost clones as a consequence of the expansion of the anti-third-party clones. CTLs prepared in this way specifically suppress host cytotoxic T cells directed against antigens of the donor, but not against fourth-party antigens, as demonstrated in a standard (51)Cr release assay. We conclude that human anti-third-party CTLs afford a new source of veto cells that are depleted of potential graft-versus-host-reactive clones. The cells generated by this approach could potentially be used to facilitate engraftment of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraga Aviner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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8
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Brouard S, Dupont A, Giral M, Louis S, Lair D, Braudeau C, Degauque N, Moizant F, Pallier A, Ruiz C, Guillet M, Laplaud D, Soulillou JP. Operationally tolerant and minimally immunosuppressed kidney recipients display strongly altered blood T-cell clonal regulation. Am J Transplant 2005; 5:330-40. [PMID: 15643993 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Most kidney transplant recipients who discontinue immunosuppression reject their graft. Nevertheless, a small number do not, suggesting that allogeneic tolerance state (referred to operational tolerance) is achievable in humans. So far, however, the rarity of such patients has limited their study. Because operational tolerance could be linked to anergy, ignorance or to an active regulatory mechanism, we analyzed the blood T-cell repertoire usage of these patients. We report on comparison of T-cell selection in drug-free operationally tolerant kidney recipients (or with minimal immunosuppression), recipients with stable graft function, chronic rejection and healthy individuals. The blood T cells of operationally tolerant patients display two major characteristics: an unexpected strongly altered T-cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta usage and high TCR transcript accumulation in selected T cells. The cytokine transcriptional patterns of sorted T cells with altered TCR usage show no accumulation of cytokine transcripts (IL10, IL2, IL13, IFN-gamma), suggesting a state of hyporesponsiveness in these patients. Identification of such a potential surrogate pattern of operational tolerance in transplant recipients under life-long immunosuppression may provide a new basis and rationale for exploration of tolerance state. However, these data obtained in a limited number of patients require further confirmation on larger series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Brouard
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 643: Immunointervention dans les Allo-et Xénotransplantations and Institut de Transplantation Et de Recherche en Transplantation, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 01, France
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9
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TCR Analyses. ANALYZING T CELL RESPONSES 2005. [PMCID: PMC7120667 DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-3623-x_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
T-cells play a crucial role in immune surveillance against transformed cells and intracellular infections; they are involved in auto-immune reactions. They recognize their targets, i.e. MHC / peptide complexes, trough the T-cell receptor. TCR usage determines the molecular interaction of the immune system with biologically relevant MHC/peptide molecules. The TCR coding genes (variable, diversity and junctional) determine the molecular composition of the TCR alpha and beta heterodimer. The random association of the VDJ genes constitutes the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) responsible for antigen recognition and TCR specificity. The molecular composition of a T-cell population can be objectively defined by measuring the CDR3 region. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of the TCR composition in different anatomic compartments, or longitudinally over time, allow to asses the entire TCR repertoire. This methodology can be supplemented with functional T-cell based assays and aids to objectively describe any alteration in the T-cell pool. TCR CDR3 analysis is useful in immunomonitoring, e.g. examining patients after BMT or solid organ transplantation, patients with HAART therapy, or patients receiving molecularly defined vaccines.
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10
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Hu M, Zhang GY, Walters G, Sartor M, Watson D, Knight JF, Alexander SI. Matching T-cell receptors identified in renal biopsies and urine at the time of acute rejection in pediatric renal transplant patients. Am J Transplant 2004; 4:1859-68. [PMID: 15476487 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Urinary monitoring of kidney allograft function has been used for many years. More recently, molecular identification of cytotoxic T-cell products has been used as a diagnostic tool in acute rejection. Monitoring of T-cell infiltrates by analysis of the T-cell receptor (TcR) gene usage has been performed on biopsies with acute and chronic rejection, but not on urine samples. The aim of this study was to identify and compare TRBV gene usage assessing the CDR3 (Complementarity Determining Region 3) length distribution and sequence in urine and biopsies of pediatric renal allograft patients at the time of acute rejection and compare them with peripheral blood. We studied four pediatric renal transplant recipients with acute cellular rejection. We identified restricted and matched TRBV CDR3 spectratypes with overexpressed TRBV families and show identical, clonally expanded TRBV CDR3 sequences in all four patients present in the urine and renal allograft. We demonstrate that urinary monitoring can detect graft-infiltrating lymphocytes in acute rejection and may have a role in the monitoring of renal transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead NSW 2145, Sydney, Australia
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11
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Walters G, Alexander SI. T cell receptor BV repertoires using real time PCR: a comparison of SYBR green and a dual-labelled HuTrec fluorescent probe. J Immunol Methods 2004; 294:43-52. [PMID: 15604015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2004.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2003] [Revised: 05/17/2004] [Accepted: 08/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Real time PCR is a useful tool in immunological research but little has been published on the use of this technique in the measurement of T cell receptor (TCR) BV repertoires. We have compared the performance of SYBR green with that of a dual-labeled HuTrec (Human T cell receptor) fluorescent probe system. Serial dilutions of peripherals blood mononuclear cells were tested to compare the consistency of the two systems across multiple T cell receptor signal levels. Samples were diluted with non-TCR cDNA to simulate a low-level TCR signal within a tissue sample. The fluorogenic probe gave highly consistent results with a correlation coefficient of greater than 0.9 across a samples. SYBR green showed accurate results only when tested with high signal samples. Low-signal cDNA gave very poor results with SYBR green compared to the HuTrec fluorogenic probe with correlation coefficients as low as 0.65. Poorest performance occurred in the context of the simulated tissue sample with a high level of non-TCR DNA. Under these conditions, large amounts of nonspecific PCR product were generated which were detected by the SYBR green system and therefore distorted the results. SYBR green performed poorly when used with samples contaminated with significant quantities of non-target cDNA and samples with low target signal. It is therefore not an appropriate method for the measurement of TCR repertoires in small tissue samples. A dual-labeled HuTrec fluorescent probe produced a consistent TCR repertoire across a broad range of TCR signal levels and proved robust in the presence of contaminating non-TCR cDNA. We recommend the use of such a fluorescent probe in real time PCR for the assessment of TCR repertoires in small tissue samples. Where samples are assayed using SYBR green, agarose gel confirmation of PCR product specificity should be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giles Walters
- Department of Nephrology, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom.
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12
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Degauque N, Schadendorf D, Brouard S, Guillet M, Sébille F, Höhn H, Pallier A, Ruiz C, Dupont A, Chapin S, Hofmann U, Maeurer M, Soulillou JP. Blood T-cell Vbeta transcriptome in melanoma patients. Int J Cancer 2004; 110:721-9. [PMID: 15146562 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-cells have been shown to elicit MHC-restricted and antigen-specific T-cell responses. In this article, we used a new approach to study T-cell responses in tumor-bearing patients based on a global representation of the Vbeta-transcriptome, making it possible to grade CDR3-length distribution (CDR3-LD) alterations. Six patients with advanced melanoma disease, from whom blood samples were taken before and serially after tyrosinase-A peptide vaccination, were studied. The PBMC from patients displayed highly significant Vbeta transcriptome alterations as compared to healthy individuals. Similar Vbeta alterations could be detected both in PBMCs and at the tumor site. After vaccination, Vbeta alterations could also be observed by gauging individually their transcript level but not their cell-surface expression. Some Vbeta families exhibited high Vbeta/HPRT transcript ratios (e.g., Vbeta1), which represented up to 44% of the whole transcriptome, a situation that was not reflected by an increase in the percentage of T cells that expressed the corresponding protein and was not observed in normal individuals. In several instances, CDR3-LD altered T cells exhibited MHC-restricted and tumor-specific IFNgamma or GM-CSF production. Finally, we show that the presence of a tumor and probably vaccination can affect Vbeta transcriptome patterns and induce specific clones reactive to autologous tumor or vaccinating peptides. In combination with other methods, such an approach should help in identifying the clones actually involved in the response against the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Degauque
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Unité 437: Immunointervention dans les Allo et Xénotransplantations and Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, Nantes, France
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13
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Bachar-Lustig E, Reich-Zeliger S, Reisner Y. Anti-third-party veto CTLs overcome rejection of hematopoietic allografts: synergism with rapamycin and BM cell dose. Blood 2003; 102:1943-50. [PMID: 12775573 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-03-0759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several bone marrow cells and lymphocyte subpopulations, known as "veto cells," were shown to induce transplantation tolerance across major histocompatibility antigens. Some of the most potent veto cells are of T-cell origin, and in particular a very strong veto activity was documented for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) lines or clones. However, these cells also possess marked graft-versus-host (GVH) reactivity. In the present study we evaluated a new approach to deplete CTLs of antihost clones by stimulating the donor T cells against third-party stimulators in the absence of exogenous interleukin 2 (IL-2). We demonstrate that such CTLs are depleted of GVH reactivity while maintaining marked veto activity in vitro. Furthermore, marked synergism was exhibited between the veto CTLs and rapamycin when tested in a murine model, which measures T-cell-mediated bone marrow allograft rejection, or in sublethally irradiated allogeneic hosts. Our results suggest that engraftment of early progenitors could be enhanced by using host-nonreactive anti-third-party CTLs, in conjunction with nonmyeloablative rapamycin-based conditioning protocols, thereby significantly reducing the toxicity of allogeneic transplantation.
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Guillet M, Brouard S, Gagne K, Sébille F, Cuturi MC, Delsuc MA, Soulillou JP. Different qualitative and quantitative regulation of V beta TCR transcripts during early acute allograft rejection and tolerance induction. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:5088-95. [PMID: 11994461 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.10.5088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, using a global method of T cell repertoire analysis, we showed that purified naive T cells confronted in vitro with allogeneic APCs in a direct pathway-restricted MLR up-regulate their Vbeta mRNAs without exhibiting skewing of complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) length distribution. In this report, using this approach, we show in vivo that Vbeta transcript regulation and CDR3 length distribution follow the same pattern during acute rejection of MHC-incompatible heart allografts. In contrast, in tolerance induction by priming of recipients with donor cells, the vigorous Vbeta mRNA accumulation with Gaussian CDR3 length distribution is abolished, providing a possible explanation for the down-regulation of activated T cells in tolerant animals. In addition, tolerated grafts harbor T cells with a highly altered repertoire, suggestive of self-restricted presentation with some patterns corresponding to previously identified regulatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Guillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, Unité 437, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu, 30 boulevard Jean Monnet, 44093 Nantes Cedex 01, France
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