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Cang W, Li X, Tang J, Wang Y, Mu D, Wu C, Shi H, Shi L, Wu J, Wu R. Therapeutic Potential of Bacteroides fragilis SNBF-1 as a Next-Generation Probiotic: In Vitro Efficacy in Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism and Antioxidant Activity. Foods 2024; 13:735. [PMID: 38472847 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the potential of aerotolerant Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) strains as next-generation probiotics (NGPs), focusing on their adaptability in the gastrointestinal environment, safety profile, and probiotic functions. From 23 healthy infant fecal samples, we successfully isolated 56 beneficial B. fragilis strains. Notably, the SNBF-1 strain demonstrated superior cholesterol removal efficiency in HepG2 cells, outshining all other strains by achieving a remarkable reduction in cholesterol by 55.38 ± 2.26%. Comprehensive genotype and phenotype analyses were conducted, including sugar utilization and antibiotic sensitivity tests, leading to the development of an optimized growth medium for SNBF-1. SNBF-1 also demonstrated robust and consistent antioxidant activity, particularly in cell-free extracts, as evidenced by an average oxygen radical absorbance capacity value of 1.061 and a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging ability of 94.53 ± 7.31%. The regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by SNBF-1 was assessed in the insulin-resistant HepG2 cell line. In enzyme inhibition assays, SNBF-1 showed significant α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, with rates of 87.04 ± 2.03% and 37.82 ± 1.36%, respectively. Furthermore, the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of SNBF-1 enhanced glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, indicating improved cellular energy metabolism. This was consistent with the observation that the CFS of SNBF-1 increased the proliferation of HepG2 cells by 123.77 ± 0.82% compared to that of the control. Overall, this research significantly enhances our understanding of NGPs and their potential therapeutic applications in modulating the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihe Cang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xuan Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jiayi Tang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Delun Mu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chunting Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Haisu Shi
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lin Shi
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
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A Pilot Study of the Effect of Lactobacillus casei Obtained from Long-Lived Elderly on Blood Biochemical, Oxidative, and Inflammatory Markers, and on Gut Microbiota in Young Volunteers. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113891. [PMID: 34836153 PMCID: PMC8622130 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic intake has been shown to improve certain physiological health indicators. We aimed to examine effects of Lactobacillus casei LTL1879, obtained from long-lived elderly volunteers, on blood biochemical, oxidative, and inflammatory markers and gut microbiota in twenty healthy, young volunteers. Volunteers were randomly divided into equal probiotic and placebo groups and changes in blood biochemical indicators, oxidative and inflammatory markers, and gut microbiota were examined after three weeks of probiotic intervention. The probiotic group’s antioxidant levels were significantly enhanced post-intervention. Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels were significantly increased (p < 0.0001), while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased (p < 0.05), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) levels increased, but with no significant difference. In addition, Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were significantly up-regulated and down-regulated (p < 0.05, respectively). Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides expression was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), while Clostridium leptum, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus expression increased (p < 0.05). Volunteer health status was quantified using principal components and cluster analysis, indicating that the probiotic group’s overall score was higher than that of the placebo group. The results of this pilot study suggest L. casei LTL 1879 can significantly improve specific immune, oxidative, and gut microbiota characteristics related to health factors.
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Santos FDS, Maubrigades LR, Gonçalves VS, Alves Ferreira MR, Brasil CL, Cunha RC, Conceição FR, Leite FPL. Immunomodulatory effect of short-term supplementation with Bacillus toyonensis BCT-7112 T and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in sheep vaccinated with Clostridium chauvoei. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 237:110272. [PMID: 34029878 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The bacterium Clostridium chauvoei is the causative agent of blackleg in livestock, and vaccination is the most effective means of prevention. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of short-term supplementation with Bacillus toyonensis and Saccharomyces boulardii on the immune response to a C. chauvoei vaccine in sheep. Sheep were vaccinated subcutaneously on day 0 and received a booster dose on day 21, with 2 mL of a commercial vaccine formulated with inactivated C. chauvoei bacterin adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide. Probiotics were orally administered B. toyonensis (3 × 108 cfu) and S. boulardii (3 × 108 cfu) over five days prior to the first and second doses of the vaccine. Sheep supplemented with B. toyonensis and S. boulardii showed significantly higher specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 titers (P<0.05), with approximately 24- and 14-fold increases in total IgG levels, respectively, than the nonsupplemented group. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the supplemented group had increased mRNA transcription levels of the IFN-γ, IL2, and Bcl6 genes. These results demonstrate an adjuvant effect of short-term supplementation with B. toyonensis and S. boulardii on the immune response against the C. chauvoei vaccine in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Denis Souza Santos
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Reichert Maubrigades
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Vitória Sequeira Gonçalves
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto Alves Ferreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Litchina Brasil
- Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Casquero Cunha
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Rochedo Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil.
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Bacillus subtilis BSH has a protective effect on Salmonella infection by regulating the intestinal flora structure in chickens. Microb Pathog 2021; 155:104898. [PMID: 33878398 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease that poses a serious threat to the reproduction of livestock and poultry and the health of young animals. Probiotics including Bacillus species, have received increasing attention as a substitute for antibiotics. In this study, chicks infected with Salmonella were fed feed supplemented with the BSH to observe the pathological changes in the liver, detect the number of viable bacteria in the liver and spleen, and record the death of the chicks. The results showed that BSH could reduce the pathological changes in the liver and the invasion of Salmonella into the liver and spleen of chicks. In addition, the survival rate of chicks in the BSH experimental group was 60%, while that in the infected control group was 26%, indicating that BSH had a protective effect on chicks infected with Salmonella. Finally, the fecal microflora of 9-day-old chicks was analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that Salmonella infection could cause intestinal flora changes, while BSH could alleviate this change. In addition, BSH also promoted the proliferation of Lactobacillus salivarius in the cecum of chick. This study emphasized that BSH has anti- Salmonella infection effects in chickens and can be used as a candidate microecological preparation strain.
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Chen LH, Wang MF, Chang CC, Huang SY, Pan CH, Yeh YT, Huang CH, Chan CH, Huang HY. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PS23 Effectively Modulates Gut Microbiota Composition and Improves Gastrointestinal Function in Aged SAMP8 Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041116. [PMID: 33805289 PMCID: PMC8067042 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are reported to improve gastrointestinal (GI) function via regulating gut microbiota (GM). However, exactly how probiotics influence GM and GI function in elders is poorly characterized. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the effect of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PS23 (LPPS23) on the GM and GI function of aged mice. There were four groups of senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) mice (n = 4): a non-treated control group, a saline control group, a low dose LPPS23 group (1 × 108 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mouse/day), and a high dose LPPS23 group (1 × 109 CFU/mouse/day). Non-treated mice were euthanized at 16 weeks old, and others were euthanized at 28 weeks old. The next-generation sequencing results revealed that LPPS23 enriched Lactobacillus and Candidatus_Saccharimonas, while the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_UCG_001 decreased in aged mice given LPPS23. The abundance of Lactobacillus negatively correlated with the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae. Moreover, LPPS23 improved the GI function of aged mice due to the longer intestine length, lower intestinal permeability, and higher phagocytosis in LPPS23-treated mice. The ELISA results showed that LPPS23 attenuated the alterations of pro-inflammatory factors and immunoglobulins. The abundance of LPPS23-enriched Lactobacillus was positively correlated with healthy GI function, while Lachnospiraceae_UCG_001, which was repressed by LPPS23, was negatively correlated with a healthy GI function in the aged mice according to Spearman’s correlation analysis. Taken together, LPPS23 can effectively modulate GM composition and improve GI function in aged SAMP8 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Chen
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fu Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Hsu Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan; (Y.-T.Y.); (C.-H.H.)
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung 92849, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsieh Huang
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan; (Y.-T.Y.); (C.-H.H.)
- Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Chan
- Graduate Institute of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei 10452, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Yu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6600-2178
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Santos FDS, Ferreira MRA, Maubrigades LR, Gonçalves VS, de Lara APS, Moreira C, Salvarani FM, Conceição FR, Leivas Leite FP. Bacillus toyonensis BCT-7112 T transient supplementation improves vaccine efficacy in ewes vaccinated against Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:699-706. [PMID: 32767796 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to examine the vaccine immune response in ewes supplemented with Bacillus toyonensis BCT-7112T during a period of 5-day supplementation before vaccination against a recombinant Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (rETX). METHODS AND RESULTS Ewes were vaccinated with 200 µg of rETX adjuvanted with 10% aluminium hydroxide. The treat group was orally supplemented with B. toyonensis BCT-7112T (3 × 108 viable spores) for 5 days prior to the first and second vaccination. Ewes supplemented with B. toyonensis BCT-7112T showed higher neutralizing antibody titres than the non-supplemented ewes (P < 0·05), with an increase in serum levels for total IgG anti-rETX by 3·2-fold (P < 0·0001), and for both IgG isotypes IgG1 and IgG2 by 2·1-fold and 2·3-fold (P < 0·01), respectively, compared with the control group. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ewes in the supplemented group had a higher (P < 0·05) cytokine mRNA transcription levels for IL-2 (6·4-fold increase), IFN-γ (2·9-fold increase) and transcription factor Bcl6 (2·3-fold increase) compared with the control group. CONCLUSION We conclude that a 5 days of supplementation with B. toyonensis BCT-7112T prior vaccination is sufficient to significantly improve the humoral immune response of ewes against C. perfringens recombinant ETX vaccine. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These findings open a new perspective in the utilization of B. toyonensis BCT-7112T as an immunomodulator since a 5 days period of probiotic supplementation is sufficient to improve the vaccine immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D S Santos
- Center for Technological Development, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - M R A Ferreira
- Center for Technological Development, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - L R Maubrigades
- Center for Technological Development, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - V S Gonçalves
- Center for Technological Development, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - A P S de Lara
- Institute of Biology, Postgraduate Program in Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - C Moreira
- Center for Technological Development, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - F M Salvarani
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Brazil
| | - F R Conceição
- Center for Technological Development, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - F P Leivas Leite
- Center for Technological Development, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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He X, Sun W, Ge T, Mu C, Zhu W. An increase in corn resistant starch decreases protein fermentation and modulates gut microbiota during in vitro cultivation of pig large intestinal inocula. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:219-224. [PMID: 29767145 PMCID: PMC5941222 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
High-protein diet could cause an increase in protein fermentation in the large intestine, leading to an increased production of potentially detrimental metabolites. We hypothesized that an increase in corn resistant starch content may attenuate the protein fermentation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resistant starch on protein fermentation by inocula from large intestine of pigs using in vitro cultivation. Fermentation patterns were analyzed during a 24-h incubation of cecal and colonic digesta with varying corn resistant starch contents, using casein protein as sole nitrogen source. The results showed that the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and cumulative gas production were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while ammonia–nitrogen (NH3—N) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA), which indicated protein fermentation, decreased when the corn resistant starch levels increased (P < 0.05). The copies of total bacteria, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were significantly increased with the increased corn resistant starch levels after incubation (P < 0.05). The copies of the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in cecum were significantly higher than those in colon (P < 0.05). We conclude that the addition of corn resistant starch weakens the protein fermentation by influencing microbial population and reducing protein fermentation in the cecum and colon in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ting Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunlong Mu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Kong Q, Dong S, Gao J, Jiang C. In vitro fermentation of sulfated polysaccharides from E. prolifera and L. japonica by human fecal microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:867-71. [PMID: 27316763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In vitro fermentation of the sulfated polysaccharides from seaweeds Enteromorpha prolifera and Laminaria japonica and their prebiotic effects on human fecal microbiota were investigated in this study. The sulfated polysaccharides were fermented in vitro for 48h by human fecal cultures. When 0.8g MWCOL (polysaccharides MWCO<30kD) from L. japonica was fermented, the pH in fecal cultures decreased from 6.5 to 5.1 and the levels of short chain fatty acids, such as acetic, butyric and lactic acids all significantly increased. After 48h fermentation, 0.8g MWCOL showed good effect on modulating the gut microflora balance, because the beneficial strains (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) were both significantly higher than those in control group (p<0.05). As far as we know, this is the first report that consumption of sulfated polysaccharides from E. prolifera and L. japonica is beneficial to the ecosystem of the intestinal tract by increasing the populations of probiotics and short chain fatty acids. Furthermore, our reports indicated that molecular weight of sulfated polysaccharide from marine algae is related to its prebiotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Kong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Shiyuan Dong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Jian Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Chaoyu Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong 266003, China
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The Effect of Divergence in Feed Efficiency on the Intestinal Microbiota and the Intestinal Immune Response in Both Unchallenged and Lipopolysaccharide Challenged Ileal and Colonic Explants. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148145. [PMID: 26840831 PMCID: PMC4739713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Feed efficiency is an important trait in pig production, with evidence to suggest that the efficiencies of a variety of biological systems contribute to variation in this trait. Little work has been conducted on the contribution of the intestinal innate immune response to divergence in feed efficiency. Hence, the objective of this study was to examine select bacterial populations and gene expression profiles of a range of targets relating to gut health and immunity in the intestine of pigs phenotypically divergent in feed efficiency in: a) the basal state; and (b) following an ex-vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge of ileal and colonic tissue. Male pigs (initial BW 22.4 kg (SD = 2.03)) were fed a standard finishing diet for the final 43 days prior to slaughter to evaluate feed intake and growth for the purpose of calculating residual feed intake (RFI). On day 115, 16 animals (average weight 85 kg, SEM 2.8 kg), designated high RFI (HRFI) and low RFI (LRFI) were slaughtered. The LRFI pigs had increased lactobacillus spp. in the caecum compared to HRFI pigs (P < 0.05). RFI groups did not differ in the expression of the measured genes involved in the innate immune system in the basal ileal or colonic tissues (P > 0.10). Interestingly, there was an interaction between RFI and LPS for the cytokines IL-8, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and SOCS3, with the LRFI group having consistently lower gene expression in the colon following the LPS challenge, compared to the HRFI group. The lower gene expression of SOCS and cytokines following an ex vivo LPS challenge supports the theory that a possible energy saving mechanism exists in the intestinal innate immune response to an immune challenge in more feed efficient pigs.
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Ibrahem MD. Evolution of probiotics in aquatic world: Potential effects, the current status in Egypt and recent prospectives. J Adv Res 2015; 6:765-91. [PMID: 26644914 PMCID: PMC4642160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the human population in addition to the massive demand for protein of animal origin forced the authorities to seek for additional sources of feed supplies. Aquaculture is the world worth coming expansion to compensate the shortage in animal protein. Feed in aquaculture plays an important role in the production cycle and exert threshold on both practical and economic aspects. Feed additive sectors are expanding day after day to achieve better growth and health for fish and shrimp and to meet the potential requirements of the culturists. Probiotic proved its successes in human and animal feeding practices and recently gained attention in aquaculture; it has beneficial effects in diseases control and competes with various environmental stressors as well as to promote the growth of the cultured organisms. Probiotics have the privilege to manipulate the non-specific innate immunity among fishes, hence help them into resist many pathogenic agents and are actively used worldwide. The present review is an informative compilation of the probiotics, their mode of action and their useful effects on fishes. The review also highlights the status of probiotics in aquaculture of Egypt, probiotic recent prospective for the possible role of probiotics in fish external and internal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai D. Ibrahem
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
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Mishra V, Shah C, Mokashe N, Chavan R, Yadav H, Prajapati J. Probiotics as potential antioxidants: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3615-26. [PMID: 25808285 DOI: 10.1021/jf506326t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are known for their health beneficial effects and are established as dietary adjuncts. Probiotics have been known for many beneficial health effects. In this view, there is interest to find the potential probiotic strains that can exhibit antioxidant properties along with health benefits. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that probiotics exhibit antioxidant potential. In this view, consumption of probiotics alone or foods supplemented with probiotics may reduce oxidative damage, free radical scavenging rate, and modification in activity of crucial antioxidative enzymes in human cells. Incorporation of probiotics in foods can provide a good strategy to supply dietary antioxidants, but more studies are needed to standardize methods and evaluate antioxidant properties of probiotics before they can be recommended for antioxidant potential. In this paper, the literature related to known antioxidant potential of probiotics and proposing future perspectives to conduct such studies has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijendra Mishra
- †National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management Kundli, Sonipat, India
| | - Chandni Shah
- §Dairy Microbiology Department, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Narendra Mokashe
- †National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management Kundli, Sonipat, India
| | - Rupesh Chavan
- †National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management Kundli, Sonipat, India
| | - Hariom Yadav
- #National Agri Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Jashbhai Prajapati
- §Dairy Microbiology Department, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
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Potential ramifications of the effects of sub-lethal ultraviolet B-radiation on the subsequent three subcultures of Lactobacillus fermentum BT 8219 during fermentation in biotin-supplemented soymilk and their probiotic properties. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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13
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El Sheikha AF, Montet D. How to Determine the Geographical Origin of Seafood? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 56:306-17. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.745478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Valan Arasu M, Jung MW, Ilavenil S, Jane M, Kim DH, Lee KD, Park HS, Hur TY, Choi GJ, Lim YC, Al-Dhabi NA, Choi KC. Isolation and characterization of antifungal compound from Lactobacillus plantarum KCC-10 from forage silage with potential beneficial properties. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:1172-85. [PMID: 23910250 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to isolate, identify and characterize an antifungal compound from Lactobacillus plantarum KCC-10 from forage silage with potential beneficial properties. METHODS AND RESULTS The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic affiliation was determined using bioinformatic tools and identified as Lactobacillus sp. KCC-10 with 100% sequence similarity to L. plantarum. The antifungal substances were extracted with ethyl acetate from spent medium in which Lactobacillus sp. KCC-10 was cultivated. Antifungal activity was assessed using the broth microdilution technique. The compounds were obtained by eluting the crude extract with various concentrations of solvents followed by chromatographic purification. Based on the infrared, (13) C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and (1) H NMR spectral data, the compound was identified as a phenolic-related antibiotic. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the compound against Aspergillus clavatus, A. oryzae, Botrytis elliptica and Scytalidium vaccinii was 2.5 mg ml(-1) and that against A. fumigatus, A. niger and S. fusca was 5.0 mg ml(-1) , respectively. In addition, Lactobacillus sp. KCC-10 was highly sensitive towards oxgall (0.3%) but grew well in the presence of sodium taurocholate (0.3%). An antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was an intrinsic feature of this strain; thus, consumption does not represent a health risk to humans or animals. CONCLUSION Novel L. plantarum KCC-10 with antifungal and potential probiotic properties was characterized for use in animal food. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study revealed that L. plantarum KCC-10 exhibited good antifungal activity similar to that of probiotic Lactobacillus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Valan Arasu
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam, Korea
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15
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Li QR, Wang CY, Tang C, He Q, Li N, Li JS. Reciprocal interaction between intestinal microbiota and mucosal lymphocyte in cynomolgus monkeys after alemtuzumab treatment. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:899-910. [PMID: 23433407 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It has been known that the gut microbiota plays a central role in shaping normal mucosal immunity, however, little information is available whether the variability of mucosal lymphocytes impacts the commensal flora. Here, we applied a cynomolgus monkey model to characterize the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in response to lymphocyte depletion and to determine their potential association. Molecular profiling of 16S rDNA showed that the intestinal microbiota composition was perturbed after the depletion of mucosal lymphocytes and were recovered following the repopulation. Some specific bacteria from the orders Lactobacillales, Enterobacteriales and Clostridiales, and the genus Prevotella and Faecalibacterium, were primarily responsible for the variations of the gut microbiota after lymphocyte depletion. Interestingly, the species richness of the ileal mucosal microbiota was associated the proportions of TCRαβ+ or TCRγδ+ T cells (p<0.01). We demonstrate for the first time the feature of intestinal microbiota composition after lymphocyte depletion and provide novel evidence that the perturbation of gut microbiota is associated with lymphocyte depletion. It may contribute to understand the relationship between gut commensal microbiota and mucosal immune system. Study results provide insight into biological activity of alemtuzumab in intestinal barrier in organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q R Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - C Y Wang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - C Tang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Q He
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - N Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - J S Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Lahti L, Salonen A, Kekkonen RA, Salojärvi J, Jalanka-Tuovinen J, Palva A, Orešič M, de Vos WM. Associations between the human intestinal microbiota, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and serum lipids indicated by integrated analysis of high-throughput profiling data. PeerJ 2013; 1:e32. [PMID: 23638368 PMCID: PMC3628737 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the intestinal microbiota regulates our physiology and metabolism. Bacteria marketed as probiotics confer health benefits that may arise from their ability to affect the microbiota. Here high-throughput screening of the intestinal microbiota was carried out and integrated with serum lipidomic profiling data to study the impact of probiotic intervention on the intestinal ecosystem, and to explore the associations between the intestinal bacteria and serum lipids. We performed a comprehensive intestinal microbiota analysis using a phylogenetic microarray before and after Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG intervention. While a specific increase in the L. rhamnosus-related bacteria was observed during the intervention, no other changes in the composition or stability of the microbiota were detected. After the intervention, lactobacilli returned to their initial levels. As previously reported, also the serum lipid profiles remained unaltered during the intervention. Based on a high-resolution microbiota analysis, intake of L. rhamnosus GG did not modify the composition of the intestinal ecosystem in healthy adults, indicating that probiotics confer their health effects by other mechanisms. The most prevailing association between the gut microbiota and lipid profiles was a strong positive correlation between uncultured phylotypes of Ruminococcus gnavus-group and polyunsaturated serum triglycerides of dietary origin. Moreover, a positive correlation was detected between serum cholesterol and Collinsella (Coriobacteriaceae). These associations identified with the spectrometric lipidome profiling were corroborated by enzymatically determined cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Actinomycetaceae correlated negatively with triglycerides of highly unsaturated fatty acids while a set of Proteobacteria showed negative correlation with ether phosphatidylcholines. Our results suggest that several members of the Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria may be involved in the metabolism of dietary and endogenous lipids, and provide a scientific rationale for further human studies to explore the role of intestinal microbes in host lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Lahti
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Anne Salonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jarkko Salojärvi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Airi Palva
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matej Orešič
- Quantitative Biology and Bioinformatics, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Zymomonas mobilis culture protects against sepsis by modulating the inflammatory response, alleviating bacterial burden and suppressing splenocyte apoptosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 48:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Su Y, Li B, Zhu WY. Fecal microbiota of piglets prefer utilizing DL-lactate mixture as compared to D-lactate and L-lactate in vitro. Anaerobe 2012. [PMID: 23201433 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To compare the fermentation characteristics of D-lactate, L-lactate and DL-lactate mixture by fecal microbiota of pigs, in vitro fermentation test was conducted with D-lactate, L-lactate and DL-lactate mixture as substrates, feces of piglets as inocula. The concentrations of lactate and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) were quantified during the fermentation. The composition of bacterial communities in the inocula and 24 h fermentation fluids was analyzed by pyrosequencing. The results showed that, when 5 mmol/l lactate was used, there was no significant difference in utilizing efficiency among D-lactate, L-lactate and DL-lactate mixture, propionate and butyrate were the major end-products converted from lactate. However, when 25 mmol/l lactates were used, a higher utilizing efficiency of DL-lactate mixture and a slower utilizing rate of D-lactate were observed, acetate and propionate became the main end-products. The SCFA proportions were significantly affected by lactate source and its concentration. Pyrosequencing analysis showed that after 24 h fermentation, significant difference in the composition of bacterial communities (genus and OTU levels) was observed among different substrate groups. The results suggest that lactate accumulation in the hindgut is related to the cooperation between microbiota members, and regulating bacterial community may be a possible way to control lactate accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Su
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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19
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Ewe JA, Wan-Abdullah WN, Alias AK, Liong MT. Effects of ultrasound on growth, bioconversion of isoflavones and probiotic properties of parent and subsequent passages of Lactobacillus fermentum BT 8633 in biotin-supplemented soymilk. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2012; 19:890-900. [PMID: 22305107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ultrasound on Lactobacillus fermentum BT 8633 in parent and subsequent passages based on their growth and isoflavone bioconversion activities in biotin-supplemented soymilk. The treated cells were also assessed for impact of ultrasound on probiotic properties. The growth of ultrasonicated parent cells increased (P<0.05) by 3.23-9.14% compared to that of the control during fermentation in biotin-soymilk. This was also associated with enhanced intracellular and extracellular (8.4-17.0% and 16.7-49.2%, respectively; P<0.05) β-glucosidase specific activity, leading to increased bioconversion of isoflavones glucosides to aglycones during fermentation in biotin-soymilk compared to that of the control (P<0.05). Such traits may be credited to the reversible permeabilized membrane of ultrasonicated parent cells that have facilitated the transport of molecules across the membrane. The growing characteristics of first, second and third passage of treated cells in biotin-soymilk were similar (P>0.05) to that of the control, where their growth, enzyme and isoflavone bioconversion activities (P>0.05) were comparable. This may be attributed to the temporary permeabilization in the membrane of treated cells. Ultrasound affected probiotic properties of parent L. fermentum, by reducing tolerance ability towards acid (pH 2) and bile; lowering inhibitory activities against selected pathogens and reducing adhesion ability compared to that of the control (P<0.05). The first, second and third passage of treated cells did not exhibit such traits, with the exception of their bile tolerance ability which was inherited to the first passage (P<0.05). Our results suggested that ultrasound could be used to increase bioactivity of biotin-soymilk via fermentation by probiotic L. fermentum FTDC 8633 for the development of functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Ann Ewe
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
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20
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Tham CSC, Peh KK, Bhat R, Liong MT. Probiotic properties of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli isolated from local dairy products. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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21
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Lactobacillus acidophilus as a live vehicle for oral immunization against chicken anemia virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 90:77-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-3050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Delgado S, O'Sullivan E, Fitzgerald G, Mayo B. Subtractive screening for probiotic properties of lactobacillus species from the human gastrointestinal tract in the search for new probiotics. J Food Sci 2008; 72:M310-5. [PMID: 17995611 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the search for new probiotics, 61 Lactobacillus spp. isolates, belonging to 12 species and isolated as dominant lactic acid bacteria from the feces of healthy humans, were subjected to a subtractive system of in vitro analyses, which included desirable and undesirable traits. Twenty-four isolates were able to grow in 2% bovine bile, of which 13 grew in acidified broth at pH 3.5 in acidified cysteine-containing MRS broth. Intrinsic resistance to certain antimicrobial agents (cefoxitin, metronidazole, vancomycin) was observed in most isolates, but atypical resistances to erythromycin, clindamycin, or tetracycline were also found in 5 strains. Undesirable traits such as alpha-chymotrypsin or N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities were not detected, but low beta-glucuronidase and moderate beta-glucosidase activities were recorded in 2 strains. Two Lactobacillus gasseri and 2 Lactobacillus paracasei selected strains inhibited several intestinal pathogens in an agar spot test, including strains of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. They also adhered to human Caco-2 and HT-29 epithelial cells in a manner comparable to Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG, and were unable to degrade pig gastric mucin in a plate assay. Together, these results suggest these 4 strains to be good probiotic candidates, concluding that the subtractive screening devised in this work could be a valuable tool in large-scale surveys for probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Delgado
- Inst. de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300-Villaviciosa, Spain
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16S ribosomal RNA-based methods to monitor changes in the hindgut bacterial community of piglets after oral administration of Lactobacillus sobrius S1. Anaerobe 2008; 14:78-86. [PMID: 18272412 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Revised: 10/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene based PCR/denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and real-time PCR were used to monitor the changes in the composition of microbiota in the hindgut of piglets after oral administration of Lactobacillus sobrius S1. Six litters of neonatal piglets were divided randomly into control group and treatment group. At 7, 9, and 11 days of age, piglets in the treatment group orally received a preparation of L. sobrius S1. At 7, 14, 21(weaning), 24, and 35 days of age, one piglet from each litter was sacrificed and digesta samples of hindgut were collected. DGGE analysis of 16S rRNA gene V6-V8 region for all bacteria showed that several populations present in the hindgut of piglets, represented by far-migrating bands, disappeared after weaning. Most of these bands corresponded to Lactobacillus spp. as revealed by sequence analysis. Quantitative real-time PCR specific for lactobacilli further demonstrated that the number of lactobacilli population tended to decrease after the piglets were weaned. Drastic changes of L. amylovorus and L. sobrius in total Lactobacillus populations were also observed in the colon of piglets around weaning, as monitored by 16S rRNA gene V2-V3 region based Lactobacillus-specific PCR-DGGE. Species-specific real-time PCR also revealed that the population of L. sobrius declined apparently in the colon of piglets after weaning. No remarkable changes in the overall microbial community in the hindgut were found between control and treatment groups. However, comparison of DGGE profiles between the two groups revealed a specific band related to Clostridium disporicum that was found in treatment group on day 14. On day 35, a specific band appeared only in the control group, representing a population most closely related to Streptococcus suis (99%). Real-time PCR showed that L. sobrius 16S rRNA gene copies in treatment group were relatively higher than in the control group (10(8.45) vs. 10(6.83)) on day 35, but no significant difference was observed between the two groups.
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Kim DH, Brunt J, Austin B. Microbial diversity of intestinal contents and mucus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Appl Microbiol 2007; 102:1654-64. [PMID: 17578431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to understand the microbial community of intestinal contents and mucosal layer in the intestine of rainbow trout by means of culture-dependent conventional and independent molecular techniques. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-one culturable microbial phylotypes, and 39 sequences from 16S rRNA and two from 18S rRNA genes, were retrieved. Aeromonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae representatives were the dominant cultured bacteria. Genomic DNA isolated from intestinal contents and mucus was used to generate 104 random clones, which were grouped into 32 phylotypes at 99% minimum similarity, most of which were affiliated with Proteobacteria (>70% of the total). However, unlike library C (intestinal contents), the phyla Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria were not found in intestinal mucus (library M), indicating that the microbiota in the gut mucus was different from that of the intestinal contents. Twelve sequences were retrieved from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis, and dominant bands were mostly related to Clostridium. CONCLUSIONS Many novel sequences that have not been previously recognized as part of the intestinal flora of rainbow trout were retrieved. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The fish gut harbours a larger bacterial diversity than previously recognized, and the diversity of gut mucus is different from that of intestinal contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-H Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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25
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Alvarez-Martín P, O'Connell-Motherway M, van Sinderen D, Mayo B. Functional analysis of the pBC1 replicon from Bifidobacterium catenulatum L48. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 76:1395-402. [PMID: 17704917 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To determine the minimal replicon of pBC1 (a 2.5-kb cryptic plasmid of Bifidobacterium catenulatum L48) and to check the functionality of its identified open reading frames (ORFs) and surrounding sequences, different segments of pBC1 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into pBif, a replication probe vector for bifidobacteria. The largest fragment tested in this manner encompassed most of the pBC1 sequence, while the shortest just included the repB gene and its immediate upstream sequences. Derivatives were all shown to allow replication in bifidobacteria. Surprisingly, both the transformation frequency and segregational stability in the absence of antibiotic selection decreased with reducing plasmid length. The relative copy number of the constructs (ranging from around 3 to 23 copies per chromosome equivalent, as compared to 30 copies for the original pBC1) was shown to be strain dependent and to decrease with reducing plasmid length. These results suggest that, although not essential, the copG-like and orfX-like genes of pBC1 play important roles in pBC1 replication. Interruption of repB produced a construct incapable of replicating in bifidobacteria. The analysis of pBC1 will allow its use in the construction of general and specific cloning vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Alvarez-Martín
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica de Productos Lácteos, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (CSIC), Carretera de Infiesto s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
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Galdeano CM, de Moreno de LeBlanc A, Vinderola G, Bonet MEB, Perdigón G. Proposed model: mechanisms of immunomodulation induced by probiotic bacteria. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2007; 14:485-92. [PMID: 17360855 PMCID: PMC1865623 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00406-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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de Vries MC, Vaughan EE, Kleerebezem M, de Vos WM. Lactobacillus plantarum—survival, functional and potential probiotic properties in the human intestinal tract. Int Dairy J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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29
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Alvarez-Martín P, Flórez AB, Mayo B. Screening for plasmids among human bifidobacteria species: sequencing and analysis of pBC1 from Bifidobacterium catenulatum L48. Plasmid 2006; 57:165-74. [PMID: 16930703 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Revised: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of 72 bifidobacterial isolates for plasmid DNA identified six different plasmid profiles, two profiles consisted of a single plasmid and four contained at least two. A plasmid identified in a Bifidobacterium catenulatum strain (pBC1) was chosen for further characterization based on its small size and stability. The plasmid was shown to be a circular molecule of 2540 base pairs with an overall G+C content of 64%. At the putative origin of replication a direct repeat of 24 nucleotides repeated three and a half times was observed, as well as five inverted repeats, which resembled the organization of theta-type replicating plasmids. Three open reading frames encoding peptides larger than 50 amino acids were also identified: repB, encoding a replicase of 315 amino acids, a transcriptionally coupled gene (orfX-like), similar to the orfX of some theta-replicating lactococcal plasmids, and copG-like in the complementary strand, which showed a conserved domain present in proteins of the CopG family. Comparison of the deduced RepB protein of pBC1 to other replication proteins in databases, identified pMB1 from Bifidobacterium longum as its closest relative (81% amino acid identity). The pBC1 replicon proved to be functional in several Bifidobacterium species, including B. animalis, B. longum, and B. pseudocatenulatum. Hybridization experiments showed the replicon was uncommon among bifidobacteria. The relative copy number of pBC1 was estimated to be 30.9+/-4.62 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Alvarez-Martín
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Carretera de Infiesto s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
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Anokhina IV, Kravtsov EG, Yashina NV, Ermolaev AV, Chesnokova VL, Dalin MV. Characterization of surface adhesins of lactobacilli used in production of probiotic preparations. Bull Exp Biol Med 2006; 141:716-9. [PMID: 17364058 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-006-0261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We examined production of the protein-lipoteichoic complex detectable by concanavalin A in six lactobacillus strains. A correlation was found between detection of this complex by both reaction with concanavalin A and agglutination with strain-specific antiserum. The cultures were characterized by expression of different types of adhesins. Among them, strains were differentiated with low adhesion activity and intensive production of the protein-lipoteichoic complex and strains with wide adhesin spectrum not producing the complex. We assume that a combination of lactobacillus variants differing in production of the protein-lipoteichoic complex and adhesion potency can be a basis of efficient probiotic preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Anokhina
- Department of Microbiology, Russian University of Peoples' Friendship, Moscow
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Rochet V, Rigottier-Gois L, Sutren M, Krementscki MN, Andrieux C, Furet JP, Tailliez P, Levenez F, Mogenet A, Bresson JL, Méance S, Cayuela C, Leplingard A, Doré J. Effects of orally administered Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 on the composition or activities of the dominant faecal microbiota in healthy humans. Br J Nutr 2006; 95:421-9. [PMID: 16469162 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20051625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The composition and activities of the faecal microbiota in twelve healthy subjects analysed in a single open study were monitored before (1-week baseline step), during (10 d supplementation step) and after (10 d follow-up step) the ingestion of a fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation with group-specific DNA probes, real-time PCR using L. paracasei group-specific primers and temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) using group-specific primers were carried out, together with bacterial enzyme activity and metabolite analyses to monitor the structure and activities of the faecal microbiota. L. casei DNA was detected in the faeces of all of the subjects by TTGE after 10 d supplementation. Its quantification by real-time PCR showed a 1000-fold increase during the test step compared with initial levels. No major modification in either the dominant members of the faecal microbiota or their activities was observed during the trial. In conclusion, the short-term consumption of a milk product containing L. casei DN-114 001 was accompanied by a high, transient increase in the quantity of this strain in the faeces of all of the subjects without markedly affecting biochemical or bacteriological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Rochet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité d'Ecologie et Physiologie du Système Digestif, Bâtiment 405, Domaine de Vilvert, 78 352 Jouy en Josas Cedex, France.
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El-Osta YGA, Hillier AJ, Dobos M. Construction of a combined physical and genetic map of the chromosome of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 and characterization of the rRNA operons. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2005; 151:875-892. [PMID: 15758233 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.27134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The combination of PFGE and hybridization approaches was used to study the genome of Lactobacillus acidophilus neotype strain ATCC 4356. PFGE analysis of chromosomal DNA after digestion with each of the rare-cutting restriction enzymes I-CeuI, NotI, CspI, SmaI, ApaI and SgrAI allowed the size of the circular chromosome of L. acidophilus to be estimated at 2.061 Mbp. The physical map contained 86 restriction sites for the six enzymes employed, with intervals between the sites varying from 1 to 88 kbp (approximately 0.05-4.3 % of the chromosome). Based on the physical map, a genetic map was constructed via Southern blot analyses of L. acidophilus DNA using specific gene probes. A total of 73 probes representing key genes, including 12 rRNA (rrn) genes, were positioned on the latter map. Mapping analysis also indicated the presence of four rrn operons (rrnA-D) on the chromosome, each containing a single copy of each of the three rrn genes 16S (rrl), 23S (rrs) and 5S (rrf). Operon rrnD was inverted in orientation with respect to the others and contained a long 16S-23S intergenic spacer region with tRNAIle and tRNAAla genes, whereas the other operons contained a short spacer lacking any tRNA genes. The high-resolution physical/genetic map constructed in this study provides a platform for genomic and genetic studies of Lactobacillus species and for improving industrial and probiotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan J Hillier
- Food Science Australia, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Systems, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marian Dobos
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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de Vos WM, Bron PA, Kleerebezem M. Post-genomics of lactic acid bacteria and other food-grade bacteria to discover gut functionality. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2004; 15:86-93. [PMID: 15081044 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2004.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen an explosion in the number of complete or almost complete genomic sequences of lactic acid bacteria and other food-grade bacteria that are used in functional foods to increase the health of the consumer. These have been instrumental in the development of functional, comparative and other post-genomics approaches that provide the possibility to detect, unravel and understand their functionality in the human intestinal tract. In conjunction with other high-throughput approaches, these advances can be exploited in the functional food innovation cycle for developing new or designed probiotic and other bacterial products that impact gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem M de Vos
- Wageningen Center for Food Sciences and Laboratory of Microbiology, Diedenweg 20, PO Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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35
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Assessment of novel probiotic Lactobacillus casei strains for the production of functional dairy foods. Int Dairy J 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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36
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Tierney J, Gowing H, Van Sinderen D, Flynn S, Stanley L, McHardy N, Hallahan S, Mulcahy G. In vitro inhibition of Eimeria tenella invasion by indigenous chicken Lactobacillus species. Vet Parasitol 2004; 122:171-82. [PMID: 15219358 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2003] [Revised: 03/22/2004] [Accepted: 05/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of indigenous chicken Lactobacillus species isolates from different parts of the gastrointestinal tract on Eimeria tenella invasion in vitro and to characterise the nature of inhibition, if any. The effects of competitive exclusion, steric interference and bacterial extracellular factors on E. tenella invasion were examined in an MDBK cell model. Several Lactobacillus species were initially isolated from chickens and identified by biochemical characteristics and 16S-rRNA. All Lactobacillus species isolates tested, significantly inhibited E. tenella invasion. Steric interference did not affect parasite invasion. Extracellular metabolic factors secreted by Lactobacillus species isolates into the surrounding media were shown to inhibit parasite invasion and these factors appeared to be heat stable. These results show that the natural microflora of poultry can provide a source of E. tenella-inhibiting Lactobacillus species in vitro, and thus may contribute to the control of Eimeria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tierney
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, Ireland.
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Massi M, Vitali B, Federici F, Matteuzzi D, Brigidi P. Identification method based on PCR combined with automated ribotyping for tracking probiotic Lactobacillus strains colonizing the human gut and vagina. J Appl Microbiol 2004; 96:777-86. [PMID: 15012816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A molecular methodology based on PCR-associated automated ribotyping was developed to specifically detect the Lactobacillus strains of two probiotic products (an orally administered lyophilized preparation and vaginal tablets) in human faeces and vaginal swabs. METHODS AND RESULTS The 16S-23S rDNA sequences and the ribotype profiles of the probiotic lactobacilli were characterized and new species-specific primer sets were designed. The identification of faecal and vaginal lactobacilli isolated from subjects administered with the probiotic products was performed by using PCR with species-specific primers followed by strain-specific automated ribotyping. CONCLUSIONS The PCR-ribotyping identification allowed to study the colonization patterns of the probiotic lactobacilli in the human gut and vagina evidencing the strains with the best survival capability. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The proposed molecular method represents a powerful tool of strain-specific identification, useful for differentiating exogenous from indigenous strains in any microbial ecosystem and for rationally choosing probiotic bacteria with the best chance of survival in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Massi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Fitzsimons NA, Akkermans ADL, de Vos WM, Vaughan EE. Bacterial gene expression detected in human faeces by reverse transcription-PCR. J Microbiol Methods 2003; 55:133-40. [PMID: 14500004 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7012(03)00121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A method to isolate and specifically detect bacterial messenger RNA (mRNA) in human faeces is presented. The surface layer protein gene slpA of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356(T) was chosen as a model system because it is transcribed at a high level to a relatively stable mRNA (Boot et al., 1996, J. Bacteriol. 178, 5388-5394). A simulation of the recovery of bacterial cells in the faecal ecosystem was achieved by spiking faecal homogenates with different levels of L. acidophilus cells and total RNA was isolated using a method based on Macaloid clay. The slpA transcript could be detected by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) when the L. acidophilus cells comprised more than 0.14% (approximately 2 x 10(7) cells g(-1) faeces) of the complex faecal community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A Fitzsimons
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Schiraldi C, Adduci V, Valli V, Maresca C, Giuliano M, Lamberti M, Cartenì M, De Rosa M. High cell density cultivation of probiotics and lactic acid production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2003; 82:213-22. [PMID: 12584763 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The commercial interest in functional foods that contain live microorganisms, also named probiotics, is paralleled by the increasing scientific attention to their functionality in the digestive tract. This is especially true of yogurts that contain strains of lactic-acid bacteria of intestinal origin, among these, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus is extensively used in the dairy industry and it has been demonstrated to be a probiotic strain. In this work we describe high cell density cultivations of this microorganism also focusing on the stereospecific production of lactic acid. Key parameters such as medium composition (bactocasitone concentration) and diverse aeration conditions were explored. The results showed that the final concentration of biomass in anaerobic fermentation was lower than the one obtained in microaerophilic conditions, while it gave a very high productivity of lactic acid which was present as a racemic mixture in the permeate. Fermentation experiments carried out with air sparging, even at very low flow-rate, led to the production of the sole L(+) lactic acid giving sevenfold increase in biomass yield in respect to the batch cultivation. Finally, a mathematical model was developed to describe the microfiltration bioprocess applied in this research considering an inhibition kinetic and enucleating a suitable mathematical description for the decrease of the transmembrane flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16-80138, Naples, Italy.
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Walter J, Heng NCK, Hammes WP, Loach DM, Tannock GW, Hertel C. Identification of Lactobacillus reuteri genes specifically induced in the mouse gastrointestinal tract. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:2044-51. [PMID: 12676681 PMCID: PMC154805 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.4.2044-2051.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are common inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tracts of mammals and have received considerable attention due to their putative health-promoting properties. Little is known about the traits that enhance the ability of these bacteria to inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. In this paper we describe the development and application of a strategy based on in vivo expression technology (IVET) that enables detection of Lactobacillus reuteri genes specifically induced in the murine gut. A plasmid-based system was constructed containing 'ermGT (which confers lincomycin resistance) as the primary reporter gene for selection of promoters active in the gastrointestinal tract of mice treated with lincomycin. A second reporter gene, 'bglM (beta-glucanase), allowed differentiation between constitutive and in vivo inducible promoters. The system was successfully tested in vitro and in vivo by using a constitutive promoter. Application of the IVET system with chromosomal DNA of L. reuteri 100-23 and reconstituted lactobacillus-free mice revealed three genes induced specifically during colonization. Two of the sequences showed homology to genes encoding xylose isomerase (xylA) and peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (msrB), which are involved in nutrient acquisition and stress responses, respectively. The third locus showed homology to the gene encoding a protein whose function is not known. Our IVET system has the potential to identify genes of lactobacilli that have not previously been functionally characterized but which may be essential for growth of these bacteria in the gastrointestinal ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Walter
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Nierman
- Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
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42
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Avall-Jääskeläinen S, Kylä-Nikkilä K, Kahala M, Miikkulainen-Lahti T, Palva A. Surface display of foreign epitopes on the Lactobacillus brevis S-layer. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:5943-51. [PMID: 12450814 PMCID: PMC134443 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.12.5943-5951.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, the inability to establish viable Lactobacillus surface layer (S-layer) null mutants has hampered the biotechnological applications of Lactobacillus S-layers. In this study, we demonstrate the utilization of Lactobacillus brevis S-layer subunits (SlpA) for the surface display of foreign antigenic epitopes. With an inducible expression system, L. brevis strains producing chimeric S-layers were obtained after testing of four insertion sites in the slpA gene for poliovirus epitope VP1, that comprises 10 amino acids. The epitope insertion site allowing the best surface expression was used for the construction of an integration vector carrying the gene region encoding the c-Myc epitopes from the human c-myc proto-oncogene, which is composed of 11 amino acids. A gene replacement system was optimized for L. brevis and used for the replacement of the wild-type slpA gene with the slpA-c-myc construct. A uniform S-layer, displaying on its surface the desired antigen in all of the S-layer protein subunits, was obtained. The success of the gene replacement and expression of the uniform SlpA-c-Myc recombinant S-layer was confirmed by PCR, Southern blotting MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, the integrity of the recombinant S-layer was studied by electron microscopy, which indicated that the S-layer lattice structure was not affected by the presence of c-Myc epitopes. To our knowledge, this is the first successful expression of foreign epitopes in every S-layer subunit of a Lactobacillus S-layer while still maintaining the S-layer lattice structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Avall-Jääskeläinen
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Section of Microbiology, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Cenci G, Rossi J, Trotta F, Caldini G. Lactic acid bacteria isolated from dairy products inhibit genotoxic effect of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in SOS-chromotest. Syst Appl Microbiol 2002; 25:483-90. [PMID: 12583707 DOI: 10.1078/07232020260517607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antigenotoxic activity against 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) of lactic acid bacteria isolated from commercial dairy products was studied using SOS-Chromotest. The supernatants from bacteria-genotoxin co-incubations in general exhibited a strong suppression on SOS-induction produced by 4-NQO on the tester organism Escherichia coli PQ37 (sfiA::lacZ). High genotoxicity inhibition (>75%) was found for 31/67 of the examined bacteria and the maximum values of some strains within the species were as follows: Lactobacillus casei, 99.1%; L. plantarum, 93.3%; L. rhamnosus, 93.4%; L. acidophilus, 90.9%; L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, 85.7% and Bifidobacterium bifidum, 89.6%; Strains with low antigenotoxicity (5-60%) were evidenced in both L. acidophilus and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, whereas some inactive strains were found only in L. casei and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Cell exposure to 100 degrees C for 15 min prevented antigenotoxicity and no effect was evidenced for cell-free spent media. The active strains survived at 0.1 mM 4-NQO exposure and generally presented some relevant functional properties, such as tolerance to bile (0.5%) or acid environment (pH 2.0) and adherence to Caco-2 enterocytes. Antigenotoxicity was always associated with modification of the 4-NQO absorbance profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cenci
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Università di Perugia, Italy.
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44
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The Yakult International Conference, Probiotics & Health 2001, The Three Ages of Man. Was held at The Royal College of Physicians in London on 13-14 September 2001. Br J Nutr 2002. [DOI: 10.1079/bjn2002xxx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The papers in these proceedings truly reflect the wide nature of research work that is being undertaken and the advances that have been achieved particularly in the therapeutic application of probiotics. All abstracts are available as pdf and html format.
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45
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Comelli EM, Guggenheim B, Stingele F, Neeser JR. Selection of dairy bacterial strains as probiotics for oral health. Eur J Oral Sci 2002; 110:218-24. [PMID: 12120707 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2002.21216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to select bacterial strains with potential properties as oral probiotics, namely for the prevention of dental caries. We examined 23 dairy microorganisms, out of which we identified two Streptococcus thermophilus and two Lactcoccus lactis strains that were able to adhere to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads to the same extent as Streptococcus sobrinus OMZ176. Two of them, Strep. thermophilus NCC1561 and Lactoc. lactis ssp. lactis NCC2211, were further successfully incorporated into a biofilm mimicking the dental plaque. Furthermore, they could grow in such a biofilm together with five strains of oral bacterial species, representative of supragingival plaque. In this system, Lactoc. lactis NCC2211 was able to modulate the growth of the oral bacteria, and in particular to diminish the colonization of Streptococcus oralis OMZ607, Veillonella dispar OMZ493, Actinomyces naeslundii OMZ745 and of the cariogenic Strep. sobrinus OMZ176. These findings encourage further research with selected non-pathogenic dairy bacterial strains with the aim to decrease the cariogenic potential of dental plaque.
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Kullisaar T, Zilmer M, Mikelsaar M, Vihalemm T, Annuk H, Kairane C, Kilk A. Two antioxidative lactobacilli strains as promising probiotics. Int J Food Microbiol 2002; 72:215-24. [PMID: 11845820 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(01)00674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two antioxidative strains tentatively identified as Lactobacillus fermentum, E-3 and E-18, were isolated from intestinal microflora of a healthy child. Survival time of these strains in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), like hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, was significantly increased compared with a non-antioxidative strain, and also was quite similar to a highly ROS resistant strain of Salmonella typhimurium. E-3 and E-8 contain a remarkable level of glutathione, express Mn-SOD, which is important for the prevention of lipid peroxidation, and secrete hydrogen peroxide. Their significant antimicrobial activity combined with antioxidative properties may serve as defensive principles in the intestinal microbial ecosystem and overcome exo- and endogenous oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiiu Kullisaar
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Tartu, Estonia.
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47
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KOENEN ME, HERES L, CLAASSEN E, BOERSMA WJA. Lactobacilli as Probiotics in Chicken Feeds. Biosci Microflora 2002. [DOI: 10.12938/bifidus1996.21.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
The exponentially growing collection of genomic sequence information, the high-throughput analysis of expression products, and the ability to order this information using advanced bioinformatics are expected to affect biotechnology and life sciences in a profound and unprecedented way. These developments offer many possibilities to improve the functionality of fermentations by food-grade microorganisms and to increase the microbial safety of foods. It will be necessary to combine functional studies with comparative genomics approaches to provide effective strategies for improving the functionality and safety of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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49
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Abstract
Human studies have demonstrated that selected probiotic strains can influence the composition of the intestinal microflora and modulate the host immune system. Considerable promise was also demonstrated for the application of probiotics in human disease. However, the extension of probiotic applications demands increasing scientific attention to their functionality and the identification of molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Schiffrin
- Food Immunology, Nestlé Research Centre, Nestec Ltd., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 26, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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50
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Walter J, Hertel C, Tannock GW, Lis CM, Munro K, Hammes WP. Detection of Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, and Weissella species in human feces by using group-specific PCR primers and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:2578-85. [PMID: 11375166 PMCID: PMC92910 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.6.2578-2585.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of DNA fragments generated by PCR with 16S ribosomal DNA-targeted group-specific primers was used to detect lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of the genera Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, and Weissella in human feces. Analysis of fecal samples of four subjects revealed individual profiles of DNA fragments originating not only from species that have been described as intestinal inhabitants but also from characteristically food-associated bacteria such as Lactobacillus sakei, Lactobacillus curvatus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Pediococcus pentosaceus. Comparison of PCR-DGGE results with those of bacteriological culture showed that the food-associated species could not be cultured from the fecal samples by plating on Rogosa agar. On the other hand, all of the LAB species cultured from feces were detected in the DGGE profile. We also detected changes in the types of LAB present in human feces during consumption of a milk product containing the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus DR20. The analysis of fecal samples from two subjects taken before, during, and after administration of the probiotic revealed that L. rhamnosus was detectable by PCR-DGGE during the test period in the feces of both subjects, whereas it was detectable by culture in only one of the subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Walter
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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