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Clifford KP, Miles AE, Prevot TD, Misquitta KA, Ellegood J, Lerch JP, Sibille E, Nikolova YS, Banasr M. Brain structure and working memory adaptations associated with maturation and aging in mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1195748. [PMID: 37484693 PMCID: PMC10359104 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1195748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction As the population skews toward older age, elucidating mechanisms underlying human brain aging becomes imperative. Structural MRI has facilitated non-invasive investigation of lifespan brain morphology changes, yet this domain remains uncharacterized in rodents despite increasing use as models of disordered human brain aging. Methods Young (2m, n = 10), middle-age (10m, n = 10) and old (22m, n = 9) mice were utilized for maturational (young vs. middle-age) and aging-related (middle-age vs. old mice) comparisons. Regional brain volume was averaged across hemispheres and reduced to 32 brain regions. Pairwise group differences in regional volume were tested using general linear models, with total brain volume as a covariate. Sample-wide associations between regional brain volume and Y-maze performance were assessed using logistic regression, residualized for total brain volume. Both analyses corrected for multiple comparisons. Structural covariance networks were generated using the R package "igraph." Group differences in network centrality (degree), integration (mean distance), and segregation (transitivity, modularity) were tested across network densities (5-40%), using 5,000 (1,000 for degree) permutations with significance criteria of p < 0.05 at ≥5 consecutive density thresholds. Results Widespread significant maturational changes in volume occurred in 18 brain regions, including considerable loss in isocortex regions and increases in brainstem regions and white matter tracts. The aging-related comparison yielded 6 significant changes in brain volume, including further loss in isocortex regions and increases in white matter tracts. No significant volume changes were observed across either comparison for subcortical regions. Additionally, smaller volume of the anterior cingulate area (χ2 = 2.325, pBH = 0.044) and larger volume of the hippocampal formation (χ2 = -2.180, pBH = 0.044) were associated with poorer cognitive performance. Maturational network comparisons yielded significant degree changes in 9 regions, but no aging-related changes, aligning with network stabilization trends in humans. Maturational decline in modularity occurred (24-29% density), mirroring human trends of decreased segregation in young adulthood, while mean distance and transitivity remained stable. Conclusion/Implications These findings offer a foundational account of age effects on brain volume, structural brain networks, and working memory in mice, informing future work in facilitating translation between rodent models and human brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevan P. Clifford
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amy E. Miles
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas D. Prevot
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Keith A. Misquitta
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuliya S. Nikolova
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mounira Banasr
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Herrera E, Pérez-Sánchez MDC, San Miguel-Abella R, Barrenechea A, Blanco C, Solares L, González L, Iza C, Castro I, Nicolás E, Sierra D, Suárez P, González-Nosti M. Cognitive impairment in young adults with post COVID-19 syndrome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6378. [PMID: 37076533 PMCID: PMC10113715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to examine different cognitive domains in a large sample of patients with post COVID-19 syndrome. Two hundred and fourteen patients, 85.04% women, ranged 26 to 64 years (mean = 47.48 years) took part in this investigation. Patients' processing speed, attention, executive functions and various language modalities were examined online using a comprehensive task protocol designed for this research. Alteration in some of the tasks was observed in 85% of the participants, being the attention and executive functions tests the ones that show the highest percentage of patients with severe impairment. Positive correlations were observed between the age of the participants in almost all the tasks assessed, implying better performance and milder impairment with increasing age. In the comparisons of patients according to age, the oldest patients were found to maintain their cognitive functions relatively preserved, with only a mild impairment in attention and speed processing, while the youngest showed the most marked and heterogeneous cognitive impairment. These results confirm the subjective complaints in patients with post COVID-19 syndrome and, thanks to the large sample size, allow us to observe the effect of patient age on performance, an effect never reported before in patients with these characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Herrera
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Claudia Blanco
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lucía Solares
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lucía González
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Clara Iza
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isabel Castro
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elena Nicolás
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Damián Sierra
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paula Suárez
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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3
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de Andrade CV, Soliani AG, Cerutti SM. Standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba treatment and novelty on the weak encoding of spatial recognition memory in rats. Learn Mem 2023; 30:85-95. [PMID: 37072140 PMCID: PMC10165992 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053755.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Long-term memory (LTM) formation is dependent on neurochemical changes that guarantee that a recently formed memory (short-term memory [STM]) remains in the specific neural circuitry via the consolidation process. The persistence of recognition memory has been evidenced by using behavioral tagging in young adult rats, but it has not been effective on aging. Here, we investigated the effects of treatment with a standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) associated with novelty on the consolidation of object location memory (OLM) and its persistence after weak training of spatial object preference in young adult and aged rats. The object location task used in this study included two habituation sessions, training sessions associated or not associated with EGb treatment and contextual novelty, and short-term or long-term retention testing sessions. Altogether, our data showed that treatment with EGb associated with novelty close to the time of encoding resulted in STM that lasted for 1 h and persisted for 24 h for both young adult and aged rats. In aged rats, the cooperative mechanisms induced robust long-term OLM. Our findings support and extend our knowledge about recognition memory in aged rats and the modulating effects of EGb treatment and contextual novelty on the persistence of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Vitor de Andrade
- The Graduate Program in Structural and Functional Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
- Cellular and Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Andressa Gabriela Soliani
- Cellular and Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
- the Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Suzete Maria Cerutti
- The Graduate Program in Structural and Functional Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
- Cellular and Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
- the Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
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4
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Waters SJ, Basile BM, Murray EA. Reevaluating the role of the hippocampus in memory: A meta-analysis of neurotoxic lesion studies in nonhuman primates. Hippocampus 2023; 33:787-807. [PMID: 36649170 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus and perirhinal cortex are both broadly implicated in memory; nevertheless, their relative contributions to visual item recognition and location memory remain disputed. Neuropsychological studies in nonhuman primates that examine memory function after selective damage to medial temporal lobe structures report various levels of memory impairment-ranging from minor deficits to profound amnesia. The discrepancies in published findings have complicated efforts to determine the exact magnitude of visual item recognition and location memory impairments following damage to the hippocampus and/or perirhinal cortex. To provide the most accurate estimate to date of the overall effect size, we use meta-analytic techniques on data aggregated from 26 publications that assessed visual item recognition and/or location memory in nonhuman primates with and without selective neurotoxic lesions of the hippocampus or perirhinal cortex. We estimated the overall effect size, evaluated the relation between lesion extent and effect size, and investigated factors that may account for between-study variation. Grouping studies by lesion target and testing method, separate meta-analyses were conducted. One meta-analysis indicated that impairments on tests of visual item recognition were larger after lesions of perirhinal cortex than after lesions of the hippocampus. A separate meta-analysis showed that performance on tests of location memory was severely impaired by lesions of the hippocampus. For the most part, meta-regressions indicated that greater impairment corresponds with greater lesion extent; paradoxically, however, more extensive hippocampal lesions predicted smaller impairments on tests of visual item recognition. We conclude the perirhinal cortex makes a larger contribution than the hippocampus to visual item recognition, and the hippocampus predominately contributes to spatial navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer J Waters
- Section on the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Benjamin M Basile
- Section on the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Psychology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Murray
- Section on the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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5
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Symptom dimensions to address heterogeneity in tinnitus. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 134:104542. [PMID: 35051524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tinnitus, the auditory phantom percept, is a well-known heterogenous disorder with multiple subtypes. Researchers and clinicians have tried to classify these subtypes according to clinical profiles, aetiologies, and response to treatment with little success. The occurrence of overlapping tinnitus subtypes suggests that the disorder exists along a continuum of severity, with no clear distinct boundaries. In this perspective, we propose a neuro-mechanical framework, viewing tinnitus as a dimensional disorder which is a complex interplay of its behavioural, biological and neurophysiological phenotypes. Moreover, we explore the potential of these dimensions as interacting networks without a common existing cause, giving rise to tinnitus. Considering tinnitus as partially overlapping, dynamically changing, interacting networks, each representing a different aspect of the unified tinnitus percept, suggests that the interaction of these networks determines the phenomenology of the tinnitus, ultimately leading to a dimensional spectrum, rather than a categorical subtyping. A combination of a robust theoretical framework and strong empirical evidence can advance our understanding of the functional mechanisms underlying tinnitus and ultimately, improve treatment strategies.
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6
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Yang CH, Hakun JG, Roque N, Sliwinski MJ, Conroy DE. Mindful walking and cognition in older adults: A proof of concept study using in-lab and ambulatory cognitive measures. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101490. [PMID: 34336559 PMCID: PMC8313589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness practice and walking have been linked individually to sustain cognition in older adults. This early-phase study aimed to establish proof-of-concept by evaluating whether an intervention that integrates light-intensity walking with mindfulness practices shows promising signs of improving cognition in older adults. Participants (N = 25, Mage = 72.4 ± 6.45) were community-dwelling older adults who engaged in a supervised mindful walking program over one month (8 sessions total, 2 sessions per week, 30-minute slow walking containing mindfulness skills). They completed performance-based and subjective ratings of cognitive measures in field before and after two mindful walking bouts using a smartphone app. They also completed in-lab performance-based and self-report cognitive measures at baseline and after the entire program. Controlling for demographics, potential covariates, and time trends, short-term improvements in perceived cognition and processing speed were observed from pre- to post-mindful walking sessions (i.e., 30 min) across multiple ambulatory cognitive measures (Cohen's ds range = 0.46-0.66). Longer-term improvements in processing speed and executive function were observed between baseline and end of the program (i.e., one month) across various performance-based cognitive measures (ds range = 0.43-1.28). No significant changes were observed for other cognitive domains. This early-phase study (Phase IIa) provides preliminary support that mindful walking activity is promising for sustaining cognition in older adults. Our promising findings form the building blocks of evidence needed to advance this intervention to a fully powered randomized controlled trial that examines program efficacy with a comparator. Favorable outcomes will inform the development of this lifestyle behavioral strategy for promoting healthy brain aging in late adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsiang Yang
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan G. Hakun
- Departments of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
- Departments of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Nelson Roque
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Martin J. Sliwinski
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - David E. Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
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7
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Song JJ, Park J, Koo JW, Lee SY, Vanneste S, De Ridder D, Hong S, Lim S. The balance between Bayesian inference and default mode determines the generation of tinnitus from decreased auditory input: A volume entropy-based study. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:4059-4073. [PMID: 34076316 PMCID: PMC8288089 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with phantom pain, tinnitus, a phantom auditory perception occurring in the absence of an external acoustic stimulus, is one of the most representative phantom perceptions that develops in subjects with decreased peripheral sensory input. Although tinnitus is closely associated with peripheral hearing loss (HL), it remains unclear why only some individuals with HL develop tinnitus. In this study, we investigated the differences between 65 HL with tinnitus (HL‐T) and 104 HL with no tinnitus (HL‐NT) using a resting‐state electroencephalography data‐based volume entropy model of the brain network, by comparing the afferent node capacities, that quantify the contribution of each node to the spread of information, of all Brodmann areas. While the HL‐T group showed increased information flow in areas involved in Bayesian inference (the left orbitofrontal cortex, the left subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, and the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex) and auditory memory storage (the right hippocampus/parahippocampus), the HL‐NT group showed increased afferent node capacity in hub areas of the default mode network (DMN; the right posterior cingulate cortex and the right medial temporal gyrus). These results suggest that the balance of activity between the Bayesian inferential network (updating missing auditory information by retrieving auditory memories from the hippocampus/parahippocampus) and DMN (maintaining the “silent status quo”) determines whether phantom auditory perception occurs in a brain with decreased peripheral auditory input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Jin Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jaemin Park
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ja-Won Koo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeon Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sven Vanneste
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative Neuroscience, Trinity College of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Soonki Hong
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seonhee Lim
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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8
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Barnett AJ, Reilly W, Dimsdale-Zucker HR, Mizrak E, Reagh Z, Ranganath C. Intrinsic connectivity reveals functionally distinct cortico-hippocampal networks in the human brain. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001275. [PMID: 34077415 PMCID: PMC8202937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory depends on interactions between the hippocampus and interconnected neocortical regions. Here, using data-driven analyses of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, we identified the networks that interact with the hippocampus-the default mode network (DMN) and a "medial temporal network" (MTN) that included regions in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and precuneus. We observed that the MTN plays a critical role in connecting the visual network to the DMN and hippocampus. The DMN could be further divided into 3 subnetworks: a "posterior medial" (PM) subnetwork comprised of posterior cingulate and lateral parietal cortices; an "anterior temporal" (AT) subnetwork comprised of regions in the temporopolar and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; and a "medial prefrontal" (MP) subnetwork comprised of regions primarily in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). These networks vary in their functional connectivity (FC) along the hippocampal long axis and represent different kinds of information during memory-guided decision-making. Finally, a Neurosynth meta-analysis of fMRI studies suggests new hypotheses regarding the functions of the MTN and DMN subnetworks, providing a framework to guide future research on the neural architecture of episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Barnett
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Walter Reilly
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | | | - Eda Mizrak
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zachariah Reagh
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Charan Ranganath
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Wright MJ, Monti MM, Lutkenhoff ES, Hardy DJ, Litvin PY, Kelly DF, Guskiewicz K, Cantu RC, Vespa PM, Hovda DA, Lopez WD, Wang C, Swerdloff R, Fuster JM. Memory in repeat sports-related concussive injury and single-impact traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2020; 34:1666-1673. [PMID: 32990043 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1825806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Repeat sports-related concussive/subconcussive injury (RC/SCI) is related to memory impairment. Objective & Methods: We sought to determine memory differences between persons with RC/SCI, moderate-to-severe single-impact traumatic brain injury (SI-TBI), and healthy controls. MRI scans from a subsample of participants with SI-TBI were used to identify the neuroanatomical correlates of observed memory process differences between the brain injury groups. Results: Both brain injury groups evidenced worse learning and recall in contrast to controls, although SI-TBI group had poorer memory than the RC/SCI group. Regarding memory process differences, in contrast to controls, the SI-TBI group evidenced difficulties with encoding, consolidation, and retrieval, while the RC/SCI group showed deficits in consolidation and retrieval. Delayed recall was predicted by encoding, with consolidation as a secondary predictor in the SI-TBI group. In the RC/SCI group, delayed recall was only predicted by consolidation. MRI data showed that the consolidation index we used mapped onto hippocampal atrophy. Conclusions: RC/SCI is primarily associated with consolidation deficits, which differs from SI-TBI. Given the role of the hippocampus in memory consolidation and the fact that hyperphosphorylated tau tends to accumulate in the medial temporal lobe in RC/SCI, consolidation deficits may be a cognitive marker of chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Wright
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Martin M Monti
- Department of Psychology, UCLA , Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Evan S Lutkenhoff
- Department of Psychology, UCLA , Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David J Hardy
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University , Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pavel Y Litvin
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, California, USA
| | - Daniel F Kelly
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center & Pituitary Disorders Program, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John's Health Center , Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Kevin Guskiewicz
- Department of Exercise & Sports Science, Center for the Study of Retired Athletes at the University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Cantu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul M Vespa
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David A Hovda
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Walter D Lopez
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, California, USA
| | - Christina Wang
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, California, USA
| | - Ronald Swerdloff
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, California, USA
| | - Joaquín M Fuster
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine , Los Angeles, California, USA
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10
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Williams AN, Ridgeway S, Postans M, Graham KS, Lawrence AD, Hodgetts CJ. The role of the pre-commissural fornix in episodic autobiographical memory and simulation. Neuropsychologia 2020; 142:107457. [PMID: 32259556 PMCID: PMC7322517 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychological and functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence suggests that the ability to vividly remember our personal past, and imagine future scenarios, involves two closely connected regions: the hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Despite evidence of a direct anatomical connection from hippocampus to vmPFC, it is unknown whether hippocampal-vmPFC structural connectivity supports both past- and future-oriented episodic thinking. To address this, we applied a novel deterministic tractography protocol to diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data from a group of healthy young adult humans who undertook an adapted past-future autobiographical interview (portions of this data were published in Hodgetts et al., 2017a). This tractography protocol enabled distinct subdivisions of the fornix, detected previously in axonal tracer studies, to be reconstructed in vivo, namely the pre-commissural (connecting the hippocampus to vmPFC) and post-commissural (linking the hippocampus and medial diencephalon) fornix. As predicted, we found that inter-individual differences in pre-commissural - but not post-commissural - fornix microstructure (fractional anisotropy) were significantly correlated with the episodic richness of both past and future autobiographical narratives. Notably, these results held when controlling for non-episodic narrative content, verbal fluency, and grey matter volumes of the hippocampus and vmPFC. This study provides novel evidence that reconstructing events from one's personal past, and constructing possible future events, involves a distinct, structurally-instantiated hippocampal-vmPFC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angharad N Williams
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom; Max Planck Research Group Adaptive Memory, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Samuel Ridgeway
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Postans
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kim S Graham
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Lawrence
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Carl J Hodgetts
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
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11
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Meyer P, Grandgirard D, Lehner M, Haenggi M, Leib SL. Grafted Neural Progenitor Cells Persist in the Injured Site and Differentiate Neuronally in a Rodent Model of Cardiac Arrest-Induced Global Brain Ischemia. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:574-585. [PMID: 31964231 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is the leading cause of disability and death after successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest, and, to date, no specific treatment option is available to prevent subsequent neurofunctional impairments. The hippocampal cornu ammonis segment 1 (CA1) is one of the brain areas most affected by hypoxia, and its degeneration is correlated with memory deficits in patients and corresponding animal models. The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation into the hippocampus in a refined rodent cardiac arrest model. Adult rats were subjected to 12 min of potassium-induced cardiac arrest and followed up to 6 weeks. Histological analysis showed extensive neuronal cell death specifically in the hippocampal CA1 segment, without any spontaneous regeneration. Neurofunctional assessment revealed transient memory deficits in ischemic animals compared to controls, detectable after 4 weeks, but not after 6 weeks. Using stereotactic surgery, embryonic NPCs were transplanted in a subset of animals 1 week after cardiac arrest and their survival, migration, and differentiation were assessed histologically. Transplanted cells showed a higher persistence in the CA1 segment of animals after ischemia. Glia in the damaged CA1 segment expressed the chemotactic factor stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), while transplanted NPCs expressed its receptor CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), suggesting that the SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway, known to be involved in the migration of neural stem cells toward injured brain regions, directs the observed retention of cells in the damaged area. Using immunostaining, we could demonstrate that transplanted cells differentiated into mature neurons. In conclusion, our data document the survival, persistence in the injured area, and neuronal differentiation of transplanted NPCs, and thus their potential to support brain regeneration after hypoxic-ischemic injury. This may represent an option worth further investigation to improve the outcome of patients after cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Meyer
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Cluster for Regenerative Neuroscience, DBMR, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Denis Grandgirard
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Cluster for Regenerative Neuroscience, DBMR, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marika Lehner
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Cluster for Regenerative Neuroscience, DBMR, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Haenggi
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephen L Leib
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Cluster for Regenerative Neuroscience, DBMR, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Johansson J, Salami A, Lundquist A, Wåhlin A, Andersson M, Nyberg L. Longitudinal evidence that reduced hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry predicts episodic-memory impairment in aging. Neuropsychologia 2019; 137:107329. [PMID: 31887310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The HERA (Hemispheric Encoding/Retrieval Asymmetry) model captures hemispheric lateralization of prefrontal cortex (PFC) brain activity during memory encoding and retrieval. Reduced HERA has been observed in cross-sectional aging studies, but there is no longitudinal evidence, to our knowledge, on age-related changes in HERA and whether maintained or reduced HERA relates to well-preserved memory functioning. In the present study we set out to explore HERA in a longitudinal neuroimaging sample from the Betula study [3 Waves over 10 years; Wave-1: n = 363, W2: n = 227, W3: n = 101]. We used fMRI data from a face-name paired-associates task to derive a HERA index. In support of the HERA model, the mean HERA index was positive across the three imaging waves. The longitudinal age-HERA relationship was highly significant (p < 10-11), with a HERA decline occurring after age 60. The age-related HERA decline was associated with episodic memory decline (p < 0.05). Taken together, the findings provide large-scale support for the HERA model, and suggest that reduced HERA in the PFC reflects pathological memory aging possibly related to impaired ability to bias mnemonic processing according to the appropriate encoding or retrieval state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S90187, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Sweden.
| | - Alireza Salami
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden; Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, S11330, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Lundquist
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Statistics, USBE, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Anders Wåhlin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S90187, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Micael Andersson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S90187, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S90187, Umeå, Sweden
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13
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Azarmi F, Miri Ashtiani SN, Shalbaf A, Behnam H, Daliri MR. Granger causality analysis in combination with directed network measures for classification of MS patients and healthy controls using task-related fMRI. Comput Biol Med 2019; 115:103495. [PMID: 31698238 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have already assessed brain network variations in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy controls (HCs). The underlying neural system's functioning is apparently too complicated, however. Therefore, the neural time series' analysis through new methods is the aim of any recent research. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a prominent modality for investigating the human brain's neural substrate, especially when cognitive impairment occurs. The present study was an attempt to investigate the brain network's differences between MS patients and HCs using graph-theoretic measures constructed by an effective connectivity measure through statistical tests. The results of the significant measures were then evaluated through machine learning methods. To this end, we gathered blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI data of the participants during the execution of paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT). Granger causality analysis (GCA) was then employed between brain regions' time series on each subject in order to construct a brain network. Afterward, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was implemented to find the alteration of brain networks between the mentioned groups. According to the results, Global flow coefficient was significantly different between HCs and patients. Moreover, MS disease impacted several areas of the brain including Hippocampus, Para Hippocampal, Thalamus, Cuneus, Superior temporal gyrus, Heschl, Caudate, Medial Frontal Superior Gyrus, Fusiform, Pallidum, and several parts of Cerebellum in centrality measures and local flow coefficient. Most of the obtained regions were related to the cognitive impacts of the disease. We also found the best subset of graph features by means of Fisher score, and classified them to evaluate the features strength for the discrimination of MS patients from HCs via several machine learning methods. Having used the combination of Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Fisher score, we were able to classify MS patients from HCs using linear support vector machine (SVM) with an accuracy of 95%. With regard to the few existing studies on brain network of MS patients, especially during a cognitive task execution, our findings showed that the selected graph measures by Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Fisher score from the GCA-based brain networks resulted in a promising classification accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Azarmi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Naghmeh Miri Ashtiani
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology (IUST), Narmak, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shalbaf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Behnam
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology (IUST), Narmak, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Daliri
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology (IUST), Narmak, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Gicas KM, Thornton AE, Waclawik K, Wang N, Jones AA, Panenka WJ, Lang DJ, Smith GN, Vila-Rodriguez F, Leonova O, Barr AM, Procyshyn RM, Buchanan T, Su W, Vertinsky AT, Rauscher A, MacEwan GW, Honer WG. Volumes of the Hippocampal Formation Differentiate Component Processes of Memory in a Community Sample of Homeless and Marginally Housed Persons. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 34:548-562. [PMID: 30407496 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Persons who are homeless or marginally housed exhibit significant cognitive dysfunction, with memory being the most impaired domain. Hippocampal subfield volumes have been found to differentially relate to component processes of memory. The neural correlates of memory have not been previously examined in marginalized persons who are understudied and underserved. We examined whether hippocampal subfields and entorhinal cortex volumes are uniquely related to indices of verbal episodic memory using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Revised. METHOD Data was used from a large sample of community dwelling homeless and marginally housed adults (N = 227). Regression analyses were conducted to examine hippocampal subfield volumes (CA1, CA3, CA4, dentate gyrus, subiculum) and entorhinal cortex, and their associations with measures of verbal immediate recall, learning slope, and verbal delayed recall. RESULTS Greater CA3 subfield volume was associated with better performance on an index of encoding (immediate recall), but only in older individuals. Greater CA1 and subiculum volumes were associated with better performance on immediate and delayed recall (measures that tap into retrieval processes), but not with learning slope (a more pure index of encoding). Entorhinal cortex volume was related to all components of memory beyond total hippocampal volume. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest common neuroanatomical correlates of memory dysfunction in large sample of marginalized persons, and these are uniquely related to different components of memory. These findings have clinical relevance for marginalized populations and theoretical relevance to the growing literature on functional specialization of the hippocampal subfields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Gicas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Allen E Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | | | - Nena Wang
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Andrea A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - William J Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Donna J Lang
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Geoff N Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ric M Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tari Buchanan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wayne Su
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Alexander Rauscher
- Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - G William MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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15
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Cognitive dysfunction in mice with passively induced MuSK antibody seropositive myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Sci 2019; 399:15-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Koenig KA, Rao SM, Lowe MJ, Lin J, Sakaie KE, Stone L, Bermel RA, Trapp BD, Phillips MD. The role of the thalamus and hippocampus in episodic memory performance in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2018; 25:574-584. [PMID: 29512427 DOI: 10.1177/1352458518760716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Episodic memory loss is one of the most common cognitive symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but the pathophysiology of this symptom remains unclear. Both the hippocampus and thalamus have been implicated in episodic memory and show regional atrophy in patients with MS. OBJECTIVE In this work, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a verbal episodic memory task, lesion load, and volumetric measures of the hippocampus and thalamus to assess the relative contributions to verbal and visual-spatial episodic memory. METHODS Functional activation, lesion load, and volumetric measures from 32 patients with MS and 16 healthy controls were used in a predictive analysis of episodic memory function. RESULTS After adjusting for disease duration, immediate recall performance on a visual-spatial episodic memory task was significantly predicted by hippocampal volume ( p < 0.003). Delayed recall on the same task was significantly predicted by volume of the left thalamus ( p < 0.003). For both memory measures, functional activation of the thalamus during encoding was more predictive than that of volume measures ( p < 0.002). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that functional activation may be useful as a predictive measure of episodic memory loss in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen M Rao
- Schey Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mark J Lowe
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jian Lin
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ken E Sakaie
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lael Stone
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert A Bermel
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bruce D Trapp
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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17
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Adaptive and maladaptive neural compensatory consequences of sensory deprivation-From a phantom percept perspective. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 153:1-17. [PMID: 28408150 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is suggested that the brain undergoes plastic changes in order to adapt to changing environmental needs. Sensory deprivation results in decreased input to the brain leading to adaptive or maladaptive changes. Although several theories hypothesize the mechanism of these adaptive and maladaptive changes, the course of action taken by the brain heavily depends on the age of incidence of damage. The growing body of literature on the topic proposes that maladaptive changes in the brain are instrumental in creating phantom percepts, defined as the perception of a sensory experience in the absence of a physical stimulus. The current article reviews the mechanisms of adaptive and maladaptive plasticity in the brain in congenital, early, and late-onset sensory deprivation in conjunction with the phantom percepts in the different sensory domains. We propose that the mechanisms of adaptive and maladaptive plasticity fall under a universal construct of updating hierarchical Bayesian prediction errors. This theory of the Bayesian brain hypothesizes that the brain constantly compares its internal milieu with changing environmental cues and either adjusts its predictions or discards the change, depending on the novelty or salience of the external stimulus. We propose that adaptive plasticity reflects both successful bottom-up compensation and top-down updating of the model while maladaptive plasticity reflects failure in one or both mechanisms, resulting in a constant prediction-error. Finally, we hypothesize that phantom percepts are generated by the brain as a solution to this prediction error and are thus a manifestation of unsuccessful adaptation to sensory deprivation.
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18
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van Kesteren MTR, Brown TI, Wagner AD. Interactions between Memory and New Learning: Insights from fMRI Multivoxel Pattern Analysis. Front Syst Neurosci 2016; 10:46. [PMID: 27303274 PMCID: PMC4880566 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2016.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marlieke T R van Kesteren
- Department of Psychology, Stanford UniversityStanford, CA, USA; Section Educational Neuroscience, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
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Vertes RP, Hoover WB, Viana Di Prisco G. Theta Rhythm of the Hippocampus: Subcortical Control and Functional Significance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 3:173-200. [PMID: 15653814 DOI: 10.1177/1534582304273594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The theta rhythm is the largest extracellular synchronous signal that can be recorded from the mammalian brain and has been strongly implicated in mnemonic processes of the hippocampus. We describe (a) ascending brain stem–forebrain systems involved in controlling theta and nontheta (desynchronization) states of the hippocampal electroencephalogram; (b) theta rhythmically discharging cells in several structures of Papez's circuit and their possible functional significance, specifically with respect to head direction cells in this same circuit; and (c) the role of nucleus reuniens of the thalamus as a major interface between the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and as a prominent source of afferent limbic information to the hippocampus. We suggest that the hippocampus receives two main types of input: theta rhythm from ascending brain stem– diencephaloseptal systems and information bearing mainly from thalamocortical/cortical systems. The temporal convergence of activity of these two systems results in the encoding of information in the hippocampus, primarily reaching it from the entorhinal cortex and nucleus reuniens.
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20
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Vanneste S, De Ridder D. Deafferentation-based pathophysiological differences in phantom sound: Tinnitus with and without hearing loss. Neuroimage 2015; 129:80-94. [PMID: 26708013 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus has been considered an auditory phantom percept. Recently a theoretical multiphase compensation mechanism at a cortical level has been hypothesized linking auditory deafferentation to tinnitus. This Bayesian brain model predicts that two very different kinds of tinnitus should exist, depending on the amount of hearing loss: an auditory cortex related form of tinnitus not associated with hearing loss, and a (para)hippocampal form associated with hearing loss, in which the auditory cortex might be of little relevance. In order to verify this model, resting state source analyzed EEG recordings were made in 129 tinnitus patients, and correlated to the mean hearing loss, the range of the hearing loss and the hearing loss at the tinnitus frequency. Results demonstrate that tinnitus can be linked to 2 very different mechanisms. In patients with little or no hearing loss, the tinnitus seems to be more related to auditory cortex activity, but not to (para)hippocampal memory related activity, whereas in tinnitus patients with more severe hearing loss, tinnitus seems to be related to (para)hippocampal mechanisms. Furthermore hearing loss seems to drive the communication between the auditory cortex and the parahippocampus, as measured by functional and effective connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Vanneste
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
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De Ridder D, Vanneste S, Langguth B, Llinas R. Thalamocortical Dysrhythmia: A Theoretical Update in Tinnitus. Front Neurol 2015; 6:124. [PMID: 26106362 PMCID: PMC4460809 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is the perception of a sound in the absence of a corresponding external sound source. Pathophysiologically it has been attributed to bottom-up deafferentation and/or top-down noise-cancelling deficit. Both mechanisms are proposed to alter auditory thalamocortical signal transmission, resulting in thalamocortical dysrhythmia (TCD). In deafferentation, TCD is characterized by a slowing down of resting state alpha to theta activity associated with an increase in surrounding gamma activity, resulting in persisting cross-frequency coupling between theta and gamma activity. Theta burst-firing increases network synchrony and recruitment, a mechanism, which might enable long-range synchrony, which in turn could represent a means for finding the missing thalamocortical information and for gaining access to consciousness. Theta oscillations could function as a carrier wave to integrate the tinnitus-related focal auditory gamma activity in a consciousness enabling network, as envisioned by the global workspace model. This model suggests that focal activity in the brain does not reach consciousness, except if the focal activity becomes functionally coupled to a consciousness enabling network, aka the global workspace. In limited deafferentation, the missing information can be retrieved from the auditory cortical neighborhood, decreasing surround inhibition, resulting in TCD. When the deafferentation is too wide in bandwidth, it is hypothesized that the missing information is retrieved from theta-mediated parahippocampal auditory memory. This suggests that based on the amount of deafferentation TCD might change to parahippocampocortical persisting and thus pathological theta–gamma rhythm. From a Bayesian point of view, in which the brain is conceived as a prediction machine that updates its memory-based predictions through sensory updating, tinnitus is the result of a prediction error between the predicted and sensed auditory input. The decrease in sensory updating is reflected by decreased alpha activity and the prediction error results in theta–gamma and beta–gamma coupling. Thus, TCD can be considered as an adaptive mechanism to retrieve missing auditory input in tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk De Ridder
- BRAI2N, Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Sven Vanneste
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, TX , USA
| | - Berthold Langguth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Rodolfo Llinas
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine , New York, NY , USA
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Fama R, Sullivan EV. Thalamic structures and associated cognitive functions: Relations with age and aging. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 54:29-37. [PMID: 25862940 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The thalamus, with its cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar connections, is a critical node in networks supporting cognitive functions known to decline in normal aging, including component processes of memory and executive functions of attention and information processing. The macrostructure, microstructure, and neural connectivity of the thalamus changes across the adult lifespan. Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have demonstrated, regional thalamic volume shrinkage and microstructural degradation, with anterior regions generally more compromised than posterior regions. The integrity of selective thalamic nuclei and projections decline with advancing age, particularly those in thalamofrontal, thalamoparietal, and thalamolimbic networks. This review presents studies that assess the relations between age and aging and the structure, function, and connectivity of the thalamus and associated neural networks and focuses on their relations with processes of attention, speed of information processing, and working and episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Fama
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States.
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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De Ridder D, Vanneste S, Freeman W. The Bayesian brain: Phantom percepts resolve sensory uncertainty. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 44:4-15. [PMID: 22516669 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk De Ridder
- Brai(2)n, TRI & Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Sven Vanneste
- Brai(2)n, TRI & Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Walter Freeman
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, USA
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Joos K, Gilles A, Van de Heyning P, De Ridder D, Vanneste S. From sensation to percept: The neural signature of auditory event-related potentials. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 42:148-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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De Ridder D, Vanneste S. Targeting the parahippocampal area by auditory cortex stimulation in tinnitus. Brain Stimul 2014; 7:709-17. [PMID: 25129400 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The final common pathway in tinnitus generation is considered to be synchronized auditory oscillatory hyperactivity. Intracranial auditory cortex stimulation (iACS) via implanted electrodes has been developed to treat severe cases of intractable tinnitus targeting this final common pathway, in the hope of being a panacea for tinnitus. However, not everybody responds to this treatment. OBJECTIVE The electrical brain activity and functional connectivity at rest might determine who is going to respond or not to iACS and might shed light on the pathophysiology of auditory phantom sound generation. METHOD The resting state electrical brain activity of 5 patients who responded and 5 patients who did not respond to auditory cortex implantation are compared using source localized spectral activity (Z-score of log transformed current density) and lagged phase synchronization. RESULTS sLORETA source localization reveals significant differences between responders vs non-responders for beta3 in left posterior parahippocampal, hippocampal and amygdala area extending into left insula. Gamma band differences exist in the posterior parahippocampal areas and BA10. Functional connectivity between the auditory cortex and the hippocampal area is increased for beta2, delta and theta2 in responders, as well as between the parahippocampal area and auditory cortex for beta3. CONCLUSION The resting state functional connectivity and activity between the auditory cortex and parahippocampus might determine whether a tinnitus patient will respond to a cortical implant. The auditory cortex may only be a functional entrance into a larger parahippocampal based tinnitus network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk De Ridder
- Brai²n, Sint Augustinus Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Neurosurgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand.
| | - Sven Vanneste
- School for Behavioral & Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, USA; Department of Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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Pergola G, Suchan B. Associative learning beyond the medial temporal lobe: many actors on the memory stage. Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:162. [PMID: 24312029 PMCID: PMC3832901 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have established a model that includes the medial temporal lobe, and particularly the hippocampus, as a critical node for episodic memory. Neuroimaging and clinical studies have shown the involvement of additional cortical and subcortical regions. Among these areas, the thalamus, the retrosplenial cortex, and the prefrontal cortices have been consistently related to episodic memory performance. This article provides evidences that these areas are in different forms and degrees critical for human memory function rather than playing only an ancillary role. First we briefly summarize the functional architecture of the medial temporal lobe with respect to recognition memory and recall. We then focus on the clinical and neuroimaging evidence available on thalamo-prefrontal and thalamo-retrosplenial networks. The role of these networks in episodic memory has been considered secondary, partly because disruption of these areas does not always lead to severe impairments; to account for this evidence, we discuss methodological issues related to the investigation of these regions. We propose that these networks contribute differently to recognition memory and recall, and also that the memory stage of their contribution shows specificity to encoding or retrieval in recall tasks. We note that the same mechanisms may be in force when humans perform non-episodic tasks, e.g., semantic retrieval and mental time travel. Functional disturbance of these networks is related to cognitive impairments not only in neurological disorders, but also in psychiatric medical conditions, such as schizophrenia. Finally we discuss possible mechanisms for the contribution of these areas to memory, including regulation of oscillatory rhythms and long-term potentiation. We conclude that integrity of the thalamo-frontal and the thalamo-retrosplenial networks is necessary for the manifold features of episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Pergola
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Boris Suchan
- Department of Neuropsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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27
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Mathew J, Sahoo L, Saha G. A system for behavior prediction based on neural signals. Neurocomputing 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Disentangling depression and distress networks in the tinnitus brain. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40544. [PMID: 22808188 PMCID: PMC3395649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is the continuous perception of an internal auditory stimulus. This permanent sound often affects a person's emotional state inducing distress and depressive feelings changes in 6–25% of the affected population. Distress and depression are two distinct emotional states. Whereas distress describes a transient aversive state, interfering with a person's ability to adequately adapt to stressors, depressive feelings should rather be considered as a more constant emotional state. Based on previous observations in chronic pain, posttraumatic stress disorder and depression, we assume that both states are related to separate neural circuits. We used the Dutch version of the Tinnitus Questionnaire to assess the global index of distress together with the Beck Depression Inventory to evaluate the depressive symptoms accompanying tinnitus. Furthermore sLORETA analysis was performed to correlate current density distribution with distress and depression scores, revealing a lateralization effect of depression versus distress. Distress is mainly correlated with alpha 2, beta 1 and beta 2 activity of the right frontopolar cortex and orbitofrontal cortex in combination with beta 2 activation of the anterior cingulate cortex. In contrast, the more permanent depressive alterations induced by tinnitus are associated with activity of alpha 2 activity in the left frontopolar and orbitofrontal cortex. These specific neural circuits are embedded in a greater neural network, with the parahippocampal region functioning as a crucial linkage between both tinnitus related pathways.
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Naismith SL, Norrie LM, Mowszowski L, Hickie IB. The neurobiology of depression in later-life: Clinical, neuropsychological, neuroimaging and pathophysiological features. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 98:99-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Vanneste S, Van de Heyning P, De Ridder D. Contralateral parahippocampal gamma-band activity determines noise-like tinnitus laterality: a region of interest analysis. Neuroscience 2011; 199:481-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Kocsis B, Di Prisco GV, Vertes RP. Theta synchronization in the limbic system: the role of Gudden's tegmental nuclei. Eur J Neurosci 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2001.tb01708.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Different resting state brain activity and functional connectivity in patients who respond and not respond to bifrontal tDCS for tinnitus suppression. Exp Brain Res 2011; 210:217-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-011-2617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Markowitsch HJ, Staniloiu A. Memory, autonoetic consciousness, and the self. Conscious Cogn 2011; 20:16-39. [PMID: 20951059 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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34
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The difference between uni- and bilateral auditory phantom percept. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 122:578-587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Zion-Golumbic E, Kutas M, Bentin S. Neural dynamics associated with semantic and episodic memory for faces: evidence from multiple frequency bands. J Cogn Neurosci 2010; 22:263-77. [PMID: 19400676 DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Prior semantic knowledge facilitates episodic recognition memory for faces. To examine the neural manifestation of the interplay between semantic and episodic memory, we investigated neuroelectric dynamics during the creation (study) and the retrieval (test) of episodic memories for famous and nonfamous faces. Episodic memory effects were evident in several EEG frequency bands: theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (9-13 Hz), and gamma (40-100 Hz). Activity in these bands was differentially modulated by preexisting semantic knowledge and by episodic memory, implicating their different functional roles in memory. More specifically, theta activity and alpha suppression were larger for old compared to new faces at test regardless of fame, but were both larger for famous faces during study. This pattern of selective semantic effects suggests that the theta and alpha responses, which are primarily associated with episodic memory, reflect utilization of semantic information only when it is beneficial for task performance. In contrast, gamma activity decreased between the first (study) and second (test) presentation of a face, but overall was larger for famous than nonfamous faces. Hence, the gamma rhythm seems to be primarily related to activation of preexisting neural representations that may contribute to the formation of new episodic traces. Taken together, these data provide new insights into the complex interaction between semantic and episodic memory for faces and the neural dynamics associated with mnemonic processes.
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Wright MJ, Woo E, Schmitter-Edgecombe M, Hinkin CH, Miller EN, Gooding AL. The Item-Specific Deficit Approach to evaluating verbal memory dysfunction: rationale, psychometrics, and application. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2009; 31:790-802. [PMID: 19142773 DOI: 10.1080/13803390802508918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we introduce the Item-Specific Deficit Approach (ISDA), a novel method for characterizing memory process deficits in list-learning data. To meet this objective, we applied the ISDA to California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) data collected from a sample of 132 participants (53 healthy participants and 79 neurologically compromised participants). Overall, the ISDA indices measuring encoding, consolidation, and retrieval deficits demonstrated advantages over some traditional indices and indicated acceptable reliability and validity. Currently, the ISDA is intended for experimental use, although further research may support its utility for characterizing memory impairments in clinical assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Wright
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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37
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Baker TE, Holroyd CB. Which way do I go? Neural activation in response to feedback and spatial processing in a virtual T-maze. Cereb Cortex 2008; 19:1708-22. [PMID: 19073622 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhn223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2 human event-related brain potential (ERP) experiments, we examined the feedback error-related negativity (fERN), an ERP component associated with reward processing by the midbrain dopamine system, and the N170, an ERP component thought to be generated by the medial temporal lobe (MTL), to investigate the contributions of these neural systems toward learning to find rewards in a "virtual T-maze" environment. We found that feedback indicating the absence versus presence of a reward differentially modulated fERN amplitude, but only when the outcome was not predicted by an earlier stimulus. By contrast, when a cue predicted the reward outcome, then the predictive cue (and not the feedback) differentially modulated fERN amplitude. We further found that the spatial location of the feedback stimuli elicited a large N170 at electrode sites sensitive to right MTL activation and that the latency of this component was sensitive to the spatial location of the reward, occurring slightly earlier for rewards following a right versus left turn in the maze. Taken together, these results confirm a fundamental prediction of a dopamine theory of the fERN and suggest that the dopamine and MTL systems may interact in navigational learning tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis E Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P5, Canada.
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38
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Hale JB, Fiorello CA, Dumont R, Willis JO, Rackley C, Elliott C. Differential Ability Scales - Second Edition(neuro)psychological predictors of math performance for typical children and Children with Math Disabilities. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.20330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Dickstein DP, Finger EC, Skup M, Pine DS, Blair JR, Leibenluft E, Leibenluft E. Neural activation during encoding of emotional faces in pediatric bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2007; 9:679-92. [PMID: 17988357 PMCID: PMC2946159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurobiological understanding of bipolar disorder (BD) is limited by a paucity of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research examining correlates of psychological processes. To begin to address these limitations, the current study tests the hypothesis that pediatric BD (PBD) subjects exhibit altered neural activation during encoding of emotional faces compared to typically developing controls. METHODS Pediatric BD subjects (n=23; mean age=14.2+/-3.1 years) and controls (n=22; mean age=14.7+/-2.3 years) were matched on age, gender, and IQ. In this event-related fMRI study, subjects were scanned while viewing emotional faces and given a surprise recognition memory test 30 min postscan. Our main outcome measure was between-group differences in neural activation during successful versus unsuccessful face encoding. RESULTS Pediatric BD youth exhibited reduced memory for emotional faces, relative to healthy comparisons, particularly on fearful faces. Event-related fMRI analyses controlling for this behavioral difference showed that PBD subjects, compared to controls, had increased neural activation in the striatum and anterior cingulate cortex when successfully encoding happy faces and in the orbitofrontal cortex when successfully encoding angry faces. There were no between-group differences in neural activation during fearful face encoding. CONCLUSIONS Our results extend what is known about memory and face emotion processing impairments in PBD subjects by showing increased fronto-striatal activation during encoding of emotional faces. Further work is required to determine the impact of mood state, medication, and comorbid illnesses on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Dickstein
- Division of Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Pediatrics and Developmental Neuropsychiatry Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892-2670, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C Finger
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD,Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martha Skup
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD,Biostatistics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - James R Blair
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
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40
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Harrington DL, Boyd LA, Mayer AR, Sheltraw DM, Lee RR, Huang M, Rao SM. Neural representation of interval encoding and decision making. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 21:193-205. [PMID: 15464351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our perception of time depends on multiple psychological processes that allow us to anticipate events. In this study, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to differentiate neural systems involved in formulating representations of time from processes associated with making decisions about their duration. A time perception task consisting of two randomly presented standard intervals was used to ensure that intervals were encoded on each trial and to enhance memory requirements. During the encoding phase of a trial, activation was observed in the right caudate nucleus, right inferior parietal cortex and left cerebellum. Activation in these regions correlated with timing sensitivity (coefficient of variation). In contrast, encoding-related activity in the right parahippocampus and hippocampus correlated with the bisection point and right precuneus activation was associated with a measure of memory distortion. Decision processes were studied by examining brain activation during the decision phase of a trial that was associated with the difficulty of interval discriminations. Activation in the right parahippocampus was greater for easier than harder discriminations. In contrast, activation was greater for harder than easier discriminations in systems involved in working memory (left middle-frontal and parietal cortex) and auditory rehearsal (left inferior-frontal and superior-temporal cortex). Activity in the auditory rehearsal network correlated with memory distortion. Our results support the independence of systems that mediate interval encoding and decision processes. The results also suggest that distortions in memory for time may be due to strategic processing in cortical systems involved in either encoding or rehearsal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Harrington
- Psychology (116B), New Mexico Veteran's Affairs Health Care System, 1501 San Pedro SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.
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41
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A model of attention and memory based on the principle of the dominant and the comparator function of the hippocampus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11055-005-0049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Vreugdenhil HJI, Mulder PGH, Emmen HH, Weisglas-Kuperus N. Effects of Perinatal Exposure to PCBs on Neuropsychological Functions in the Rotterdam Cohort at 9 Years of Age. Neuropsychology 2004; 18:185-93. [PMID: 14744201 DOI: 10.1037/0894-4105.18.1.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PCBs are known for their neurotoxic properties, especially on the developing brain. To increase insight into the neurotoxic effects of PCB exposure, the authors studied the effects of perinatal exposure to environmental levels of these compounds on different neuropsychological domains. In 9-year-old children of the Rotterdam PCB--dioxin cohort, higher prenatal PCB levels were associated with longer response times (RTs), more variation in RTs, and lower scores on the Tower of London (TOL; Shallice, 1982). A longer breast-feeding duration was associated with lower TOL scores and with better spatial organizational skills. There was some evidence of negative effects of lactational exposure to PCBs on scores on the TOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hestien J I Vreugdenhil
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC--Sophia, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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43
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Petersson KM, Sandblom J, Elfgren C, Ingvar M. Instruction-specific brain activations during episodic encoding. Neuroimage 2003; 20:1795-810. [PMID: 14642489 DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In a within-subject design we investigated the levels-of-processing (LOP) effect using visual material in a behavioral and a corresponding PET study. In the behavioral study we characterize a generalized LOP effect, using pleasantness and graphical quality judgments in the encoding situation, with two types of visual material, figurative and nonfigurative line drawings. In the PET study we investigate the related pattern of brain activations along these two dimensions. The behavioral results indicate that instruction and material contribute independently to the level of recognition performance. Therefore the LOP effect appears to stem both from the relative relevance of the stimuli (encoding opportunity) and an altered processing of stimuli brought about by the explicit instruction (encoding mode). In the PET study, encoding of visual material under the pleasantness (deep) instruction yielded left lateralized frontoparietal and anterior temporal activations while surface-based perceptually oriented processing (shallow instruction) yielded right lateralized frontoparietal, posterior temporal, and occipitotemporal activations. The result that deep encoding was related to the left prefrontal cortex while shallow encoding was related to the right prefrontal cortex, holding the material constant, is not consistent with the HERA model. In addition, we suggest that the anterior medial superior frontal region is related to aspects of self-referential semantic processing and that the inferior parts of the anterior cingulate as well as the medial orbitofrontal cortex is related to affective processing, in this case pleasantness evaluation of the stimuli regardless of explicit semantic content. Finally, the left medial temporal lobe appears more actively engaged by elaborate meaning-based processing and the complex response pattern observed in different subregions of the MTL lends support to the suggestion that this region is functionally segregated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Magnus Petersson
- Cognitive Neurophysiology Research Group R2-01, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Witter MP. Organization of cortico-hippocampal networks in rats related to learning and memory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5131(03)01014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Della-Maggiore V, Grady CL, McIntosh AR. Dissecting the effect of aging on the neural substrates of memory: deterioration, preservation or functional reorganization? Rev Neurosci 2003; 13:167-81. [PMID: 12160260 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro.2002.13.2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common deficits observed during late adulthood is a loss in the ability to learn and remember new information. This cognitive ability depends mainly on the integrity of the hippocampal formation and the prefrontal cortex, which are especially susceptible to the effects of age. Here we provide a selective review of the literature gathered from studies carried out in humans and animals, examining the effect of aging on the functional anatomy of memory. We discuss some of the methodological and theoretical difficulties associated with the current approach to the study of aging and, in turn, a series of strategies that may be implemented to ensure the most accurate interpretation of the data. Altogether, the evidence discussed in this review supports the idea that there is no general age-related deterioration of the neural substrates of memory, but rather a differential effect in which some brain areas may be adversely affected while others may compensate for the neurobiological deterioration associated with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Della-Maggiore
- Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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46
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Barr WB, Goldberg E. Pitfalls in the method of double dissociation: delineating the cognitive functions of the hippocampus. Cortex 2003; 39:153-7. [PMID: 12627767 DOI: 10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
The hippocampus is one of the most researched structures of the brain. Studies of lesions in humans, primates and rodents have suggested to some that the primary role of the hippocampus is to act as a temporary memory buffer which is required for the consolidation of long-term memory. The famous case study of patient H.M., in particular, seemed to suggest that the hippocampus was of crucial importance for memory formation. However, recordings of single neurons in freely moving rodents did not support this notion. In such recordings, neurons were found that were active predominately when the animal passed through a particular area in space. Consequently, these neurons were termed 'place cells' and a theory was developed that suggested that the hippocampus acts as a 'cognitive map' that is required for spatial orientation. It was then found that H.M. had significant damage to his temporal lobes that included the amygdala, rhinal cortices, and other areas. Further case studies and selective hippocampal lesions in primates resulted in much milder amnestic symptoms, and lesions of defined cortical areas in the temporal lobes showed that a number of functions previously attributed to the hippocampus were in fact linked to these areas. Further analysis of neuronal activity in the hippocampus showed that not only is spatial information represented there, but also additional information, such as speed of movement, direction of movement, match or non-match detection, olfactorial identification, and others. In addition, it was found that selective lesions of the hippocampus in rodents impaired spatial navigation and memory formation only mildly. Only simultaneous lesions of several cortical areas in conjunction with the hippocamus could reproduce the impairments and symptoms that were previously thought to be observed after hippocampal lesions alone. In conclusion it is proposed that information processing and memory formation is shared by several brain areas that act as a functional system. This review presents evidence from many different studies that the hippocampus is part of this system and plays a supportive role in associating complex multimodal information and laying down new memory traces. In addition, the concept of allocating specific functions (such as the development of a cognitive map) exclusively to the hippocampus is rejected.
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Desgranges B, Baron JC, Giffard B, Chételat G, Lalevée C, Viader F, de la Sayette V, Eustache F. The neural basis of intrusions in free recall and cued recall: a PET study in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage 2002; 17:1658-64. [PMID: 12414304 DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2002.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to map in Alzheimer's disease patients the correlations between resting-state brain glucose utilization measured by PET and the number of intrusions obtained by means of a specially designed episodic memory test separately in free recall and in cued recall. SPM revealed significant negative correlations between the number of intrusions in free recall and the metabolism of the right superior frontal gyrus. For the intrusions in cued recall, the negative correlations concerned the left rhinal cortex. Our findings suggest that intrusions in free recall reflect perturbations in strategic processes and that intrusions in cued recall are triggered by the cue in a relatively automatic manner. Frontal dysfunction would be responsible for the former and rhinal dysfunction for the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Desgranges
- INSERM E0218, Université de Caen, Centre CYCERON, CHU Côte de Nacre, 14033, Caen Cedex, France
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Desgranges B, Baron JC, Lalevée C, Giffard B, Viader F, de La Sayette V, Eustache F. The neural substrates of episodic memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease as revealed by FDG-PET: relationship to degree of deterioration. Brain 2002; 125:1116-24. [PMID: 11960900 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awf097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous investigation, we raised the hypothesis that in Alzheimer's disease the cerebral structures implicated in episodic memory deficits may differ according to the severity of cognitive impairment. To test this hypothesis, Story Recall test scores and PET measurements of resting cerebral glucose utilization, a measure of synaptic integrity, were obtained in 40 patients. Using SPM96 (statistical parametric mapping 1996), positive correlations between the two sets of data were calculated on a voxel basis, first in the whole patient sample and then separately in the two subgroups of 20 patients differing in Mini-Mental State Examination score, i.e. those with least impaired and those with most impaired performance ('less severe' and 'more severe' subgroups, respectively). In the whole sample, significant correlations (P < 0.05, corrected for multiple tests) involved bilaterally not only several limbic structures (the hippocampal/rhinal cortex regions, posterior cingulate gyrus and retrosplenial cortex) but also, and less expectedly, some temporo-occipital association areas. However, the subgroup analysis disclosed that, in the less severe subgroup, all significant correlations (P < 0.005, uncorrected) were restricted to the parahippocampal gyrus and retrosplenial cortex, in accordance with both the distribution of changes in tau in early Alzheimer's disease and the known involvement of this network in normal and impaired memory function, while in the more severe subgroup they mainly involved the left temporal neocortex, which is known to be implicated in semantic memory. These findings suggest that, when episodic memory is mildly impaired, limbic functions are still sufficient to subserve the remaining performance, whereas with more severe memory deficit resulting from accumulated pathology the neocortical areas that are normally involved in semantic memory are recruited, perhaps as a form of (inadequate) compensatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Desgranges
- EMI INSERM-Unive Laboratoire de Neuropsychologie, CHU Côte de Nacre, Centre CYCERON, France.
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Anderer P, Gruber G, Klosch G, Klimesch W, Saletu B, Zeitlhofer J. Sleep and Memory Consolidation: The Role of Electrophysiological Neuroimaging. Schlaf und Gedachtniskonsolidierung: Welchen Beitrag kann elektrophysiologisches Neuroimaging liefern? SOMNOLOGIE 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-054x.2002.02175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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