1
|
Jones AA, Cho LL, Gicas KM, Procyshyn RM, Vila-Rodriguez F, Stubbs JL, Leonova O, Buchanan T, Thornton AE, Lang DJ, MacEwan GW, Panenka WJ, Barr AM, Field TS, Honer WG. Multilayer depressive symptom networks in adults with bodily pain living in precarious housing or homelessness. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:643-653. [PMID: 37610500 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Housing insecurity is associated with co-occurring depression and pain interfering with daily activities. Network analysis of depressive symptoms along with associated risk or protective exposures may identify potential targets for intervention in patients with co-occurring bodily pain. In a community-based sample of adults (n = 408) living in precarious housing or homelessness in Vancouver, Canada, depressive symptoms were measured by the Beck Depression Inventory; bodily pain and impact were assessed with the 36-item Short Form Health Survey. Network and bootstrap permutation analyses were used to compare depressive symptoms endorsed by Low versus Moderate-to-Severe (Mod + Pain) groups. Multilayer networks estimated the effects of risk and protective factors. The overall sample was comprised of 78% men, mean age 40.7 years, with 53% opioid use disorder and 14% major depressive disorder. The Mod + Pain group was characterized by multiple types of pain, more persistent pain, more severe depressive symptoms and a higher rate of suicidal ideation. Global network connectivity did not differ between the two pain groups. Suicidal ideation was a network hub only in the Mod + Pain group, with high centrality and a direct association with exposure to lifetime trauma. Antidepressant medications had limited impact on suicidal ideation. Guilt and increased feelings of failure represented symptoms from two other communities of network nodes, and completed the shortest pathway from trauma exposure through suicidal ideation, to the non-prescribed opioid exposure node. Interventions targeting these risk factors and symptoms could affect the progression of depression among precariously housed patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Jones
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 8219-2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Lianne L Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Ric M Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Jacob L Stubbs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tari Buchanan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Allen E Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Donna J Lang
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - G William MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William J Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Anesthesia, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thalia S Field
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 8219-2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Blumberg MJ, Petersson AM, Jones PW, Jones AA, Panenka WJ, Leonova O, Vila-Rodriguez F, Lang DJ, Barr AM, MacEwan GW, Buchanan T, Honer WG, Gicas KM. Differential sensitivity of intraindividual variability dispersion and global cognition in the prediction of functional outcomes and mortality in precariously housed and homeless adults. Clin Neuropsychol 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38444068 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2325167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine cognitive intraindividual variability (IIV) dispersion as a predictor of everyday functioning and mortality in persons who are homeless or precariously housed. METHOD Participants were 407 community-dwelling adults, followed for up to 13 years. Neurocognition was assessed at baseline and IIV dispersion was derived using a battery of standardized tests. Functional outcomes (social, physical) were obtained at baseline and last follow-up. Mortality was confirmed with Coroner's reports and hospital records (N = 103 deaths). Linear regressions were used to predict current social and physical functioning from IIV dispersion. Repeated measures Analysis of Covariance were used to predict long-term change in functioning. Cox regression models examined the relation between IIV dispersion and mortality. Covariates included global cognition (i.e. mean-level performance), age, education, and physical comorbidities. RESULTS Higher IIV dispersion predicted poorer current physical functioning (B = -0.46 p = .010), while higher global cognition predicted better current (B = 0.21, p = .015) and change in social functioning over a period of up to 13 years (F = 4.23, p = .040). Global cognition, but not IIV dispersion, predicted mortality in individuals under 55 years old (HR = 0.50, p = .013). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that indices of neurocognitive functioning (i.e. IIV dispersion and global cognition) may be differentially related to discrete dimensions of functional outcomes in an at-risk population. IIV dispersion may be a complimentary marker of emergent physical health dysfunction in precariously housed adults and may be best used in conjunction with traditional neuropsychological indices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna M Petersson
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Paul W Jones
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Andrea A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - William J Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Donna J Lang
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - G William MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tari Buchanan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kristina M Gicas
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Colijn MA, Carrion P, Poirier-Morency G, Rogic S, Torres I, Menon M, Lisonek M, Cook C, DeGraaf A, Thammaiah SP, Neelakant H, Willaeys V, Leonova O, White RF, Yip S, Mungall AJ, MacLeod PM, Gibson WT, Sullivan PF, Honer WG, Pavlidis P, Stowe RM. SETD1A variant-associated psychosis: A systematic review of the clinical literature and description of two new cases. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110888. [PMID: 37918557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SETD1A encodes a histone methyltransferase involved in various cell cycle regulatory processes. Loss-of-function SETD1A variants have been associated with numerous neurodevelopmental phenotypes, including intellectual disability and schizophrenia. While the association between rare coding variants in SETD1A and schizophrenia has achieved genome-wide significance by rare variant burden testing, only a few studies have described the psychiatric phenomenology of such individuals in detail. This systematic review and case report aims to characterize the neurodevelopmental and psychiatric phenotypes of SETD1A variant-associated schizophrenia. METHODS A PubMed search was completed in July 2022 and updated in May 2023. Only studies that reported individuals with a SETD1A variant as well as a primary psychotic disorder were ultimately included. Additionally, another two previously unpublished cases of SETD1A variant-associated psychosis from our own sequencing cohort are described. RESULTS The search yielded 32 articles. While 15 articles met inclusion criteria, only five provided case descriptions. In total, phenotypic information was available for 11 individuals, in addition to our own two unpublished cases. Our findings suggest that although individuals with SETD1A variant-associated schizophrenia may share a number of common features, phenotypic variability nonetheless exists. Moreover, although such individuals may exhibit numerous other neurodevelopmental features suggestive of the syndrome, their psychiatric presentations appear to be similar to those of general schizophrenia populations. CONCLUSIONS Loss-of-function SETD1A variants may underlie the development of psychosis in a small percentage of individuals with schizophrenia. Identifying such individuals may become increasingly important, given the potential for advances in precision medicine treatment approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Colijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Prescilla Carrion
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Sanja Rogic
- Department of Psychiatry and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ivan Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mahesh Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Courtney Cook
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ashley DeGraaf
- Heart Centre, St. Paul's Hospital and Providence Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Harish Neelakant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Veerle Willaeys
- BC Psychosis Program, British Columbia Mental Health & Substance Use Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Randall F White
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Patrick M MacLeod
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William T Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Psychiatry and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Karolinska Institut, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul Pavlidis
- Department of Psychiatry, Michael Smith Laboratories, and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert M Stowe
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology (Medicine), BC Neuropsychiatry Program, and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim DD, Procyshyn RM, Jones AA, Gicas KM, Jones PW, Petersson AM, Lee LHN, McLellan-Carich R, Cho LL, Panenka WJ, Leonova O, Lang DJ, Thornton AE, Honer WG, Barr AM. Relationship between drug-induced movement disorders and psychosis in adults living in precarious housing or homelessness. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 170:290-296. [PMID: 38185074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have reported positive associations between drug-induced movement disorders (DIMDs) and symptoms of psychosis in patients with schizophrenia. However, it is not clear which subtypes of symptoms are related to each other, and whether one symptom precedes another. The current report assessed both concurrent and temporal associations between DIMDs and symptoms of psychosis in a community-based sample of homeless individuals. METHODS Participants were recruited in Vancouver, Canada. Severity of DIMDs and psychosis was rated annually, allowing for the analysis of concurrent associations between DIMDs and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) five factors. A brief version of the PANSS was rated monthly using five psychotic symptoms, allowing for the analysis of their temporal associations with DIMDs. Mixed-effects linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the associations. RESULTS 401 participants were included, mean age of 40.7 years (SD = 11.2) and 77.4% male. DIMDs and symptoms of psychosis were differentially associated with each other, in which the presence of parkinsonism was associated with greater negative symptoms, dyskinesia with disorganized symptoms, and akathisia with excited symptoms. The presence of DIMDs of any type was not associated with depressive symptoms. Regarding temporal associations, preceding delusions and unusual thought content were associated with parkinsonism, whereas dyskinesia was associated with subsequent conceptual disorganization. CONCLUSIONS The current study found significant associations between DIMDs and symptoms of psychosis in individuals living in precarious housing or homelessness. Moreover, there were temporal associations between parkinsonism and psychotic symptoms (delusions or unusual thought content), and the presence of dyskinesia was temporally associated with higher odds of clinically relevant conceptual disorganization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David D Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada; British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ric M Procyshyn
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrea A Jones
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kristina M Gicas
- Department of Psychology, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
| | - Paul W Jones
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Anna M Petersson
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Lik Hang N Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rachel McLellan-Carich
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada; British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lianne L Cho
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William J Panenka
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Olga Leonova
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Donna J Lang
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Allen E Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada; British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sanginov A, Krutko A, Leonova O, Peleganchuk A. Bone resorption around the annular closure device during a postoperative follow-up of 8 years. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:40. [PMID: 38280105 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-05930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Annular closure device (ACD) implantation is considered to be an effective means of preventing reherniation after microdiscectomy; however, there is an issue: the bone may resorb around the ACD. The causes of vertebral bone resorption remain unexplored; the dynamics of changes in bone resorption around the ACD have not yet been assessed or characterized. METHODS One hundred thirty-three patients underwent ACD implantation after microdiscectomy, and 107 of them were followed up for 8 years after surgery (Oswestry, VAS). Lumbar CT scans helped characterize the bone resorption area around the ACD. RESULTS The median of follow-up was 85 [74; 93] months (from 73 to 105 months). The prevalence of bone resorption around the ACD was up to 63.6%, and it was mainly around the polymer mesh of the ACD (70.6%). The resorbed bone volume increased with time and reached its maximum of 5.2 cm3 (12% of the vertebral body volume) once a sclerotic rim developed around the bone resorption area. No differences in VAS pain intensity or in Oswestry Disability Index were found between patients with resorption and patients without it (p > 0.05). The volume of the intervertebral disc before surgery is a predictor of bone resorption (OR = 0.79, p = 0.009): if it is less than 13.2 cm3, the risk of bone resorption increases significantly (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The majority of patients (up to 63.6%) with implanted ACDs have vertebral bone resorption around them. The bone resorption area around the ACD mesh increases with time to up to 12% of the vertebral body volume, with no clinical evidence, though. The formation of a sclerotic rim prevents the bone resorption area from further growth. If the volume of the intervertebral disc before surgery is less than 13.2 cm3, the risk of bone resorption increases significantly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdugafur Sanginov
- Neurosurgery Department, Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics (NRITO) N.a.Ya.L.Tsivyan, Frunze Str, 17, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Krutko
- Neurosurgery Department, Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Priorova Str, 10, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Leonova
- Neurosurgery Department, Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Priorova Str, 10, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey Peleganchuk
- Neurosurgery Department, Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics (NRITO) N.a.Ya.L.Tsivyan, Frunze Str, 17, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gicas KM, Benitah K, Thornton AE, Petersson AM, Jones PW, Stubbs JL, Jones AA, Panenka WJ, Lang DJ, Leonova O, Vila-Rodriguez F, Barr AM, Buchanan T, Su W, Vertinsky AT, Rauscher A, MacEwan GW, Honer WG. Using serial position effects to investigate memory dysfunction in homeless and precariously housed persons. Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 37:1710-1727. [PMID: 36790121 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2023.2178513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Homeless and precariously housed persons exhibit significant memory impairment, but the component processes underlying memory dysfunction have not been explored. We examined the serial position profile (i.e., primacy and recency effects) of verbal memory and its neuroanatomical correlates to identify the nature of memory difficulties in a large cohort of homeless and precariously housed adults. Method: The sample included 227 community-dwelling homeless and precariously housed adults. Serial position scores (primacy, middle, recency) were computed using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised. Paired sample t-tests were used to compare percent recall from each word list region. Age-adjusted correlations assessed associations between serial position scores and other cognitive domains (attention, processing speed, executive functioning). Regression analyses were conducted to examine regional brain volumes of interest (hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [DLPFC]) and their differential associations with serial position scores. Results: The serial position profile was characterized by a diminished recency effect in relation to the primacy effect. Serial position scores positively correlated with sustained attention and cognitive control. Larger hippocampal volume was associated with better primacy item recall. DLPFC volume was not associated with serial position recall after adjustment for false discovery rate. There were no associations between regional brain volumes and recency item recall. Conclusion: Our results suggest that commonly reported memory difficulties in homeless and precariously housed adults are likely secondary to a core deficit in executive control due to compromised frontal lobe functioning. These findings have implications for cognitive rehabilitation in this complex and vulnerable group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katie Benitah
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Allen E Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Anna M Petersson
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Paul W Jones
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Jacob L Stubbs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrea A Jones
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - William J Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Donna J Lang
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tari Buchanan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wayne Su
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Alexander Rauscher
- Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - G William MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cho LL, Jones AA, Gao C, Leonova O, Vila-Rodriguez F, Buchanan T, Lang DJ, MacEwan GW, Procyshyn RM, Panenka WJ, Barr AM, Thornton AE, Gicas KM, Honer WG, Barbic SP. Rasch analysis of the beck depression inventory in a homeless and precariously housed sample. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115331. [PMID: 37437487 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The approach to analysis of and interpretation of findings from the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), a self-report questionnaire, depends on sample characteristics. To extend work using conventional BDI scoring, the BDI's suitability in assessing symptom severity in a homeless and precariously housed sample was examined using Rasch analysis. Participants (n=478) recruited from an impoverished neighbourhood in Vancouver, Canada, completed the BDI. Rasch analysis using the partial credit model was done, and the structural validity, unidimensionality, and reliability of the BDI were studied. A receiver operating characteristic curve determined a Rasch cut-off score consistent with clinical depression, and Rasch scores were correlated with raw scores. Good fit to the Rasch model was observed after rescoring all items and removing Item 19 (Weight Loss), and unidimensionality and reliability were satisfactory. Item 9 (Suicidal Wishes) represented the most severe symptom. Rasch-based scores detected clinical depression with moderate sensitivity and specificity, and were positively correlated with conventional scores. The BDI in a community-based sample of homeless and precariously housed adults satisfied Rasch model expectations in a 20-item format, and is suitable for assessing symptom severity. Future research on depression in similar samples may reveal more information on using specific symptoms to determine clinical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianne L Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrea A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chloe Gao
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, T325 - 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fidel Vila-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tari Buchanan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Donna J Lang
- BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G William MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ric M Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William J Panenka
- BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Allen E Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristina M Gicas
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Skye P Barbic
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, T325 - 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim DD, Procyshyn RM, Jones AA, Lee LHN, Panenka WJ, Stubbs JL, Cho LL, Leonova O, Gicas K, Thornton AE, Lang DJ, MacEwan GW, Honer WG, Barr AM. Movement disorders associated with substance use in adults living in precarious housing or homelessness. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 126:110795. [PMID: 37196752 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many individuals living in precarious housing or homelessness have multimorbid illnesses, including substance use, psychiatric, and neurological disorders. Movement disorders (MDs) associated substance use are amongst the poorly studied subtopics of drug-induced MDs. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to determine the proportion affected and severity of different signs of MDs, as well as their associations with substance use in a community-based sample of precariously housed and homeless individuals. METHODS Participants were recruited from an impoverished urban neighborhood and were assessed for substance dependence and self-reported substance use (alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, methamphetamine, nicotine, and opioids), as well as for the severity of signs of MDs (akathisia, dyskinesia, dystonia, and parkinsonism). Adjusted regression models were used to estimate the associations of the severity of signs with the frequency of substance use over the past 4 weeks and with the baseline diagnosis of substance dependence. RESULTS The proportion of the sample with clinically relevant signs of MDs in any of the four categories was 18.6% (n = 401), and these participants demonstrated lower levels of functioning than those without signs. Of the different types of substance use, only methamphetamine (its frequency of use and dependence) was significantly associated with greater severity of overall signs of MDs. Frequency of methamphetamine use significantly interacted with age and sex, whereby older female participants exhibited the greatest overall severity with increased methamphetamine use. Of the different signs of MDs, methamphetamine use frequency was positively associated with the severity of trunk/limb dyskinesia and hypokinetic parkinsonism. Relative to no use, concurrent use of antipsychotics demonstrated lower severity of trunk/limb dyskinesia and greater severity of hypokinetic parkinsonism with methamphetamine use, and greater severity of dystonia with cocaine use. CONCLUSIONS Our study found a high proportion of MDs in a relatively young sample, and their severity was consistently associated with methamphetamine use, moderated by participant demographics and antipsychotic use. These disabling sequelae represent an important and understudied neurological condition that may affect quality of life and will require further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David D Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ric M Procyshyn
- BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrea A Jones
- BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lik Hang N Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William J Panenka
- BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jacob L Stubbs
- BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lianne L Cho
- BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Olga Leonova
- BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kristina Gicas
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allen E Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Donna J Lang
- BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - G William MacEwan
- BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stubbs JL, Jones AA, Wolfman D, Chan RCY, Vila-Rodriguez F, Vertinsky AT, Heran MK, Su W, Lang DJ, Field TS, Gicas KM, Woodward ML, Thornton AE, Barr AM, Leonova O, MacEwan W, Rauscher A, Honer WG, Panenka WJ. Differential age-associated brain atrophy and white matter changes among homeless and precariously housed individuals compared with the general population. BMJ Neurol Open 2023; 5:e000349. [PMID: 36660541 PMCID: PMC9843194 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2022-000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Homeless or precariously housed individuals live with poor health and experience premature mortality compared with the general population, yet little is known about age-related brain changes among these individuals. We evaluated whether MRI measures of brain structure are differentially associated with age and selected risk factors among individuals who are homeless or precariously housed compared with a general population sample. Methods We compared T1-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging measures of brain macrostructure and white matter microstructure in a well-characterised sample of 312 precariously housed participants with a publicly available dataset of 382 participants recruited from the general population. We used piecewise and multiple linear regression to examine differential associations between MRI measures and between the samples, and to explore associations with risk factors in the precariously housed sample. Results Compared with the general population sample, older age in the precariously housed sample was associated with more whole-brain atrophy (β=-0.20, p=0.0029), lower whole-brain fractional anisotropy (β=-0.32, p<0.0001) and higher whole-brain mean diffusivity (β=0.69, p<0.0001). Several MRI measures had non-linear associations with age, with further adverse changes after age 35-40 in the precariously housed sample. History of traumatic brain injury, stimulant dependence and heroin dependence was associated with more atrophy or alterations in white matter diffusivity in the precariously housed sample. Conclusions Older age is associated with adverse MRI measures of brain structure among homeless and precariously housed individuals compared with the general population. Education, improvements in care provision and policy may help to reduce the health disparities experienced by these individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Stubbs
- Department of Psychaitry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrea A Jones
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Wolfman
- Department of Psychaitry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan C Y Chan
- Department of Psychaitry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fidel Vila-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychaitry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Non-Invasive Neurostimulation Therapies Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Manraj K Heran
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wayne Su
- Department of Psychaitry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Donna J Lang
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thalia S Field
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Melissa L Woodward
- Department of Psychaitry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Allen E Thornton
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychaitry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William MacEwan
- Department of Psychaitry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychaitry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William J Panenka
- Department of Psychaitry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada,British Columbia Neuropsychiatry Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zumrawi D, Glazier BL, Leonova O, Menon M, Procyshyn R, White R, Stowe R, Honer WG, Torres IJ. Subjective cognitive functioning, depressive symptoms, and objective cognitive functioning in people with treatment-resistant psychosis. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2022; 27:411-429. [PMID: 35930314 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2022.2108389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Relationships between subjective cognitive functioning (SCF), objective cognitive functioning (OCF), and depressive symptoms are poorly understood in treatment-resistant psychosis (TRP). This study (a) compares SCF in TRP using positively and negatively worded scales, (b) assess these scales' accuracy, and (c) explores the association between these scales and depressive symptoms. We hypothesised that both SCF scales would be highly correlated, minimally associated with OCF, and similarly associated with depressive symptoms. Methods: Archival clinical data from 52 TRP inpatients was utilised. OCF composite scores were derived from a broad neuropsychological battery. SCF was assessed using the norm-referenced PROMIS 2.0 Cognitive Abilities (positively worded) and Concerns (negatively worded) subscales. A depressive symptom score was derived from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Results: SCF ratings were higher in patients than OCF. There was a small but significant correlation between PROMIS subscales (r = .30). Neither PROMIS subscale was associated with OCF (r = -.11, r = .01). Depressive symptoms were correlated with the positively (r = -.29) but not negatively worded scale (r = -.13). Conclusion: Individuals with TRP inaccurately rate their cognitive functioning and tend to overestimate their ability. Positively and negatively worded SCF scales associate variably with depressive symptoms, indicating they may not be used interchangeably in TRP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniah Zumrawi
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Brianne L Glazier
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mahesh Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ric Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Randall White
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert Stowe
- Department of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ivan J Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jones AA, Gicas KM, Mostafavi S, Woodward ML, Leonova O, Vila-Rodriguez F, Procyshyn RM, Cheng A, Buchanan T, Lang DJ, MacEwan GW, Panenka WJ, Barr AM, Thornton AE, Honer WG. Dynamic networks of psychotic symptoms in adults living in precarious housing or homelessness. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2559-2569. [PMID: 33455593 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720004444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living in precarious housing or homelessness have higher than expected rates of psychotic disorders, persistent psychotic symptoms, and premature mortality. Psychotic symptoms can be modeled as a complex dynamic system, allowing assessment of roles for risk factors in symptom development, persistence, and contribution to premature mortality. METHOD The severity of delusions, conceptual disorganization, hallucinations, suspiciousness, and unusual thought content was rated monthly over 5 years in a community sample of precariously housed/homeless adults (n = 375) in Vancouver, Canada. Multilevel vector auto-regression analysis was used to construct temporal, contemporaneous, and between-person symptom networks. Network measures were compared between participants with (n = 219) or without (n = 156) history of psychotic disorder using bootstrap and permutation analyses. Relationships between network connectivity and risk factors including homelessness, trauma, and substance dependence were estimated by multiple linear regression. The contribution of network measures to premature mortality was estimated by Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Delusions and unusual thought content were central symptoms in the multilevel network. Each psychotic symptom was positively reinforcing over time, an effect most pronounced in participants with a history of psychotic disorder. Global connectivity was similar between those with and without such a history. Greater connectivity between symptoms was associated with methamphetamine dependence and past trauma exposure. Auto-regressive connectivity was associated with premature mortality in participants under age 55. CONCLUSIONS Past and current experiences contribute to the severity and dynamic relationships between psychotic symptoms. Interrupting the self-perpetuating severity of psychotic symptoms in a vulnerable group of people could contribute to reducing premature mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristina M Gicas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Mostafavi
- Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Melissa L Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fidel Vila-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ric M Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alex Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tari Buchanan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Donna J Lang
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G William MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William J Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Anesthesia, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Allen E Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cheng AYT, Stubbs JL, Barr AM, Gicas KM, Su W, Thornton AE, Lang DJ, Hamzah Y, Leonova O, MacEwan WG, Rauscher A, Honer WG, Panenka WJ. Risk factors for hippocampal cavities in a marginally housed population. Hippocampus 2022; 32:567-576. [PMID: 35702814 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cavities in the hippocampus are morphological variants of uncertain significance. Aberrant neurodevelopment along with vascular and inflammatory etiologies have been proposed. We sought to characterize these cavities and their potential risk factors in a marginally housed population, with high rates of viral infection, addiction, and mental illness. (1) The volume of hippocampal cavities (HCavs) is greater in this highly multimorbid population compared to the general population. (2) Conventional vascular risk factors such as greater age and systolic blood pressure are associated with higher HCav volume. (3) Nonprescribed substance-related risk factors such as stimulant use or dependence, and smoking are associated with increased HCav volume independent of vascular risk factors. This is a retrospective analysis of an ongoing prospective study. We analyzed baseline data, including medical history, physical exam, psychiatric diagnosis, and MRI from a total of 375 participants. Hippocampal cavities were defined as spaces isointense to CSF on T1 MRI sequences, bounded on all sides by hippocampal tissue, with a volume of at least 1 mm3 . Risk factors were evaluated using negative binomial multiple regression. Stimulant use was reported by 87.3% of participants, with stimulant dependence diagnosed in 83.3% of participants. Prevalence of cavities was 71.6%, with a mean total bilateral HCav volume of 13.89 mm3 . On average, a 1 mmHg greater systolic blood pressure was associated with a 2.17% greater total HCav volume (95% CI = [0.57%, 3.79%], p = .0076), while each cigarette smoked per day trended toward a 2.69% greater total HCav volume (95% CI = [-0.87%, 5.54%], p = .058). A diagnosis of stimulant dependence was associated with a 95.6% greater total HCav volume (95% CI = [5.39%, 263.19%], p = .0335). Hypertension and diagnosis of stimulant dependence were associated with a greater total volume of HCav.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Y T Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacob L Stubbs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristina M Gicas
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wayne Su
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Allen E Thornton
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Donna J Lang
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yasmin Hamzah
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William G MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William J Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Neuropsychiatry Program, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kapaata A, Balinda SN, Hare J, Leonova O, Kikaire B, Egesa M, Lubyayi L, Macharia GN, Kamali A, Gilmour J, Bagaya B, Salazar-Gonzalez JF, Kaleebu P. Infection with HIV-1 subtype D among acutely infected Ugandans is associated with higher median concentration of cytokines compared to subtype A. IJID Regions 2022; 3:89-95. [PMID: 35755471 PMCID: PMC9205166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 subtype D exhibited significantly higher median concentrations of cytokines IL-12/23p40 and IL-1α were associated with faster CD4+T cell count decline bFGF was associated with maintenance of CD4+ counts above 350 cells/microliter
Objective The observation that HIV-1 subtype D progresses faster to disease than subtype A prompted us to examine cytokine levels early after infection within the predominant viral subtypes that circulate in Uganda and address the following research questions: (1) Do cytokine levels vary between subtypes A1 and D? (2) Do cytokine profiles correlate with disease outcomes? Methods To address these questions, HIV-1 subtypes were determined by population sequencing of the HIV-1 pol gene and 37 plasma cytokine concentrations were evaluated using V-Plex kits on Meso Scale Discovery platform in 65 recent sero-converters. Results HIV-1 subtype D (pol) infections exhibited significantly higher median plasma concentrations of IL-5, IL-16, IL-1α, IL-7, IL-17A, CCL11 (Eotaxin-1), CXCL10 (IP-10), CCL13 (MCP-4) and VEGF-D compared to subtype A1 (pol) infections. We also found that IL-12/23p40 and IL-1α were associated with faster CD4+T cell count decline, while bFGF was associated with maintenance of CD4+ counts above 350 cells/microliter. Conclusion Our results suggest that increased production of cytokines in early HIV infection may trigger a disruption of the immune environment and contribute to pathogenic mechanisms underlying the accelerated disease progression seen in individuals infected with HIV-1 subtype D in Uganda.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kapaata
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute & London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Corresponding author:
| | - Sheila N. Balinda
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute & London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Jonathan Hare
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Olga Leonova
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bernard Kikaire
- Uganda Virus Research Institute
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Health sciences, Makerere university
| | - Moses Egesa
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute & London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Lawrence Lubyayi
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute & London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Gladys N. Macharia
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jill Gilmour
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bernard Bagaya
- Department of Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere university
| | - Jesus F. Salazar-Gonzalez
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute & London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute & London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stubbs JL, Thornton AE, Gicas KM, O'Connor TA, Livingston EM, Lu HY, Mehta AK, Lang DJ, Vertinsky AT, Field TS, Heran MK, Leonova O, Sahota CS, Buchanan T, Barr AM, MacEwan GW, Rauscher A, Honer WG, Panenka WJ. Characterizing Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Association with Losing Stable Housing in a Community-based Sample. Can J Psychiatry 2022; 67:207-215. [PMID: 33719613 PMCID: PMC8935598 DOI: 10.1177/07067437211000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is increasingly recognized as a common and impactful health determinant in homeless and precariously housed populations. We sought to describe the history of TBI in a precariously housed sample and evaluate how TBI was associated with the initial loss and lifetime duration of homelessness and precarious housing. METHOD We characterized the prevalence, mechanisms, and sex difference of lifetime TBI in a precariously housed sample. We also examined the impact of TBI severity and timing on becoming and staying homeless or precariously housed; 285 precariously housed participants completed the Brain Injury Screening Questionnaire in addition to other health assessments. RESULTS A history of TBI was reported in 82.1% of the sample, with 64.6% reporting > 1 TBI, and 21.4% reporting a moderate or severe TBI. Assault was the most common mechanism of injury overall, and females reported significantly more traumatic brain injuries due to physical abuse than males (adjusted OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.39, P < 0.0001). The first moderate or severe TBI was significantly closer to the first experience of homelessness (b = 2.79, P = 0.003) and precarious housing (b = 2.69, P < 0.0001) than was the first mild TBI. In participants who received their first TBI prior to becoming homeless or precariously housed, traumatic brain injuries more proximal to the initial loss of stable housing were associated with a longer lifetime duration of homelessness (RR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.06, P < 0.0001) and precarious housing (RR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.04, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the high prevalence of TBI in this vulnerable population, and that aspects of TBI severity and timing are associated with the loss and lifetime duration of stable housing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Stubbs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Allen E Thornton
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristina M Gicas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tiffany A O'Connor
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emily M Livingston
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Henri Y Lu
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amiti K Mehta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Donna J Lang
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexandra T Vertinsky
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Thalia S Field
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Manraj K Heran
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charanveer S Sahota
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tari Buchanan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G William MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William J Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Neuropsychiatry Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vagapova E, Kozlov M, Lebedev T, Ivanenko K, Leonova O, Popenko V, Spirin P, Kochetkov S, Prassolov V. Selective Inhibition of HDAC Class I Sensitizes Leukemia and Neuroblastoma Cells to Anticancer Drugs. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1846. [PMID: 34944663 PMCID: PMC8698907 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquired resistance of neuroblastoma (NB) and leukemia cells to anticancer therapy remains the major challenge in the treatment of patients with these diseases. Although targeted therapy, such as receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors, has been introduced into clinical practice, its efficacy is limited to patients harboring mutant kinases. Through the analysis of transcriptomic data of 701 leukemia and NB patient samples and cell lines, we revealed that the expression of RTK, such as KIT, FLT3, AXL, FGFR3, and NTRK1, is linked with HDAC class I. Although HDAC inhibitors have antitumor activity, they also have high whole-body toxicity. We developed a novel belinostat derivative named hydrazostat, which targets HDAC class I with limited off-target effects. We compared the toxicity of these drugs within the panel of leukemia and NB cell lines. Next, we revealed that HDAC inhibition with hydrazostat reactivates NTRK1, FGFR3, ROR2, KIT, and FLT3 expression. Based on this finding, we tested the efficacy of hydrazostat in combination with RTK inhibitor imatinib. Additionally, we show the ability of hydrazostat to enhance venetoclax-induced apoptosis. Thus, we reveal the connection between HDACs and RTK and describe a useful strategy to overcome the complications of single-agent therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Vagapova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (T.L.); (K.I.); (O.L.); (V.P.); (P.S.); (S.K.); (V.P.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Kozlov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (T.L.); (K.I.); (O.L.); (V.P.); (P.S.); (S.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Timofey Lebedev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (T.L.); (K.I.); (O.L.); (V.P.); (P.S.); (S.K.); (V.P.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Karina Ivanenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (T.L.); (K.I.); (O.L.); (V.P.); (P.S.); (S.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Olga Leonova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (T.L.); (K.I.); (O.L.); (V.P.); (P.S.); (S.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Vladimir Popenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (T.L.); (K.I.); (O.L.); (V.P.); (P.S.); (S.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Pavel Spirin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (T.L.); (K.I.); (O.L.); (V.P.); (P.S.); (S.K.); (V.P.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (T.L.); (K.I.); (O.L.); (V.P.); (P.S.); (S.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Vladimir Prassolov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (T.L.); (K.I.); (O.L.); (V.P.); (P.S.); (S.K.); (V.P.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cho LL, Jones AA, Barbic S, Leonova O, Vila-Rodriguez F, Buchanan T, Lang DJ, William MacEwan G, Procyshyn RM, Panenka WJ, Barr AM, Thornton AE, Gicas KM, Honer WG. Psychometric properties and correlates of the Beck Depression Inventory in a community-based and homeless or precariously housed sample. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
17
|
Baitz HA, Jones PW, Campbell DA, Jones AA, Gicas KM, Giesbrecht CJ, Loken Thornton W, Barone CC, Wang NY, Panenka WJ, Lang DJ, Vila-Rodriguez F, Leonova O, Barr AM, Procyshyn RM, Buchanan T, Rauscher A, MacEwan GW, Honer WG, Thornton AE. Component Processes of Decision Making in a Community Sample of Precariously Housed Persons: Associations With Learning and Memory, and Health-Risk Behaviors. Front Psychol 2021; 12:571423. [PMID: 34276459 PMCID: PMC8285095 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.571423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is a widely used measure of decision making, but its value in signifying behaviors associated with adverse, "real-world" consequences has not been consistently demonstrated in persons who are precariously housed or homeless. Studies evaluating the ecological validity of the IGT have primarily relied on traditional IGT scores. However, computational modeling derives underlying component processes of the IGT, which capture specific facets of decision making that may be more closely related to engagement in behaviors associated with negative consequences. This study employed the Prospect Valence Learning (PVL) model to decompose IGT performance into component processes in 294 precariously housed community residents with substance use disorders. Results revealed a predominant focus on gains and a lack of sensitivity to losses in these vulnerable community residents. Hypothesized associations were not detected between component processes and self-reported health-risk behaviors. These findings provide insight into the processes underlying decision making in a vulnerable substance-using population and highlight the challenge of linking specific decision making processes to "real-world" behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. Baitz
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul W. Jones
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David A. Campbell
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea A. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kristina M. Gicas
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chantelle J. Giesbrecht
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Nena Y. Wang
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William J. Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Donna J. Lang
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alasdair M. Barr
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ric M. Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tari Buchanan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - G. William MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William G. Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Allen E. Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vagapova E, Lebedev T, Gavrilova V, Spirin P, Rubtsov P, Leonova O, Popenko V, Prassolov V. GATA1, GATA2, and TAL1 Regulate the Expression of Neurotrophic Receptor Tyrosine Kinase in Leukemia Cells. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.03640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Vagapova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University)Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region
| | - Timofey Lebedev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow
| | | | - Pavel Spirin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow
| | - Petr Rubtsov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow
| | - Olga Leonova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow
| | - Vladimir Popenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow
| | - Vladimir Prassolov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gicas KM, Jones AA, Thornton AE, Petersson A, Livingston E, Waclawik K, Panenka WJ, Barr AM, Lang DJ, Vila-Rodriguez F, Leonova O, Procyshyn RM, Buchanan T, MacEwan GW, Honer WG. Cognitive decline and mortality in a community-based sample of homeless and precariously housed adults: 9-year prospective study. BJPsych Open 2020; 6:e21. [PMID: 32043436 PMCID: PMC7176832 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homeless and precariously housed individuals experience a high burden of comorbid illnesses, and excess mortality. Cross-sectional studies report a high rate of cognitive impairment. Long-term trajectories have not been well investigated in this group. AIMS To longitudinally assess risks for premature and/or accelerated cognitive ageing, and the relationship with early mortality in homeless and precariously housed people. METHOD This is a 9-year community-based study of 375 homeless and precariously housed individuals from Vancouver, Canada. Annual cognitive testing assessed verbal learning and memory, and inhibitory control. Linear mixed-effects models examined associations between clinical risk factors (traumatic brain injury, psychotic disorders, viral exposure, alcohol dependence) and cognitive change over 9 years. Cox regression models examined the association between cognition and mortality. RESULTS Traumatic brain injury and alcohol dependence were associated with decline in verbal memory. Inhibitory control declined, independent of risk factors and to a greater extent in those who died during the study. Better inhibitory control was associated with a 6.6% lower risk of mortality at study entry, with a 0.3% greater effect for each year of life. For each one-point increase in the Charlson Comorbidity Index score at study entry, the risk of mortality was 9.9% higher, and was consistent across age. Adjusting for comorbidities, inhibitory control remained a significant predictor of mortality. CONCLUSIONS Findings raise the possibility of a premature onset, and accelerated trajectory, of cognitive ageing in this group of homeless and precariously housed people. Traumatic brain injury, alcohol dependence and cognition could be treatment priorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Gicas
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrea A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Anna Petersson
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Donna J Lang
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ric M Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tari Buchanan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia; and British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cassetta BD, Menon M, Carrion PB, Pearce H, DeGraaf A, Leonova O, White RF, Stowe RM, Honer WG, Woodward TS, Torres IJ. Preliminary examination of the validity of the NIH toolbox cognition battery in treatment-resistant psychosis. Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 34:981-1003. [PMID: 31782350 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1694072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Prior research has suggested that treatment-resistant psychosis (TRP) may be a categorically distinct subtype from treatment-responsive psychotic disorders. However, relatively few studies have investigated the cognitive profile of individuals with TRP. Moreover, no prior studies have investigated the effectiveness of using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NTCB) for assessing cognition among psychiatric inpatients despite its promising efficiency and practicality in such settings. The current study aimed to investigate the validity of the NTCB and the associated cognitive profile of inpatients with TRP.Methods: Participants (N = 38) were administered the NTCB and a neuropsychological test battery. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Routine Assessment of Patient Progress measured psychosis symptomatology and daily functioning, respectively.Results: Results showed deficits relative to normative values in fluid cognitive abilities using the NTCB, as predicted. There was strong convergent validity and adequate divergent validity between the NTCB subtests and corresponding neuropsychological measures, though no NTCB subtest correlated with performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. NTCB performance correlated with positive and disorganized symptoms of psychosis as well as daily functioning.Conclusions: Taken together, the NTCB appears to be a relatively strong tool for cognitive screening among psychiatric inpatients and may be used to identify which patients might benefit from further neuropsychological evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Briana D Cassetta
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mahesh Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Psychosis Program, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Prescilla B Carrion
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hadley Pearce
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ashley DeGraaf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Randall F White
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Psychosis Program, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert M Stowe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Psychosis Program, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Todd S Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ivan J Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Waclawik K, Jones AA, Barbic SP, Gicas KM, O'Connor TA, Smith GN, Leonova O, Mathias S, Barr AM, Procyshyn RM, Lang DJ, Woodward ML, MacEwan GW, Panenka WJ, Yamamoto A, Honer WG, Thornton AE. Cognitive Impairment in Marginally Housed Youth: Prevalence and Risk Factors. Front Public Health 2019; 7:270. [PMID: 31649909 PMCID: PMC6792471 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Homeless and marginally housed youth are particularly vulnerable members of society, and are known to experience numerous health problems, including psychiatric illness, substance use, and viral infection. Despite the presence of these risk factors for cognitive compromise, there is limited research on the cognitive functioning of homeless and marginally housed youth. The present study examines the degree and pattern of cognitive impairment and associations with key risk factors in a sample of marginally housed young adults. Method: Participants (N = 101) aged 20–29 years old were recruited from single-room occupancy hotels, and underwent cognitive, psychiatric, neurological, and serological assessments. Results: Forty percent of participants were identified as mildly cognitively impaired across multiple domains, and 16% were moderately-severely impaired. Deficits in memory and attention were most prevalent, while impairments in inhibitory control/processing speed and cognitive flexibility were also present but tended to be less severe. Developmental and historical factors (premorbid intellectual functioning, neurological soft signs, earlier exposure to and longer duration of homelessness or marginal housing), as well as current health risks (stimulant dependence and hepatitis C exposure), were associated with cognitive impairment. Conclusions: The strikingly high rate of cognitive impairment in marginally housed young adults represents a major public health concern and is likely to pose a significant barrier to treatment and rehabilitation. These results suggest that the pathway to cognitive impairment involves both developmental vulnerability and modifiable risk factors. This study highlights the need for early interventions that address cognitive impairment and risk factors in marginalized young people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Waclawik
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Andrea A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Skye P Barbic
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Providence Health Care and Foundry, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kristina M Gicas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Geoffrey N Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steve Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Providence Health Care and Foundry, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ric M Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Donna J Lang
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Melissa L Woodward
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - G William MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William J Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Allen E Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gicas KM, Thornton AE, Waclawik K, Wang N, Jones AA, Panenka WJ, Lang DJ, Smith GN, Vila-Rodriguez F, Leonova O, Barr AM, Procyshyn RM, Buchanan T, Su W, Vertinsky AT, Rauscher A, MacEwan GW, Honer WG. Volumes of the Hippocampal Formation Differentiate Component Processes of Memory in a Community Sample of Homeless and Marginally Housed Persons. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 34:548-562. [PMID: 30407496 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Persons who are homeless or marginally housed exhibit significant cognitive dysfunction, with memory being the most impaired domain. Hippocampal subfield volumes have been found to differentially relate to component processes of memory. The neural correlates of memory have not been previously examined in marginalized persons who are understudied and underserved. We examined whether hippocampal subfields and entorhinal cortex volumes are uniquely related to indices of verbal episodic memory using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Revised. METHOD Data was used from a large sample of community dwelling homeless and marginally housed adults (N = 227). Regression analyses were conducted to examine hippocampal subfield volumes (CA1, CA3, CA4, dentate gyrus, subiculum) and entorhinal cortex, and their associations with measures of verbal immediate recall, learning slope, and verbal delayed recall. RESULTS Greater CA3 subfield volume was associated with better performance on an index of encoding (immediate recall), but only in older individuals. Greater CA1 and subiculum volumes were associated with better performance on immediate and delayed recall (measures that tap into retrieval processes), but not with learning slope (a more pure index of encoding). Entorhinal cortex volume was related to all components of memory beyond total hippocampal volume. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest common neuroanatomical correlates of memory dysfunction in large sample of marginalized persons, and these are uniquely related to different components of memory. These findings have clinical relevance for marginalized populations and theoretical relevance to the growing literature on functional specialization of the hippocampal subfields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Gicas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Allen E Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | | | - Nena Wang
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Andrea A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - William J Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Donna J Lang
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Geoff N Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ric M Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tari Buchanan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wayne Su
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Alexander Rauscher
- Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - G William MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gicas KM, Jones AA, Panenka WJ, Giesbrecht C, Lang DJ, Vila-Rodriguez F, Leonova O, Barr AM, Procyshyn RM, Su W, Rauscher A, Vertinsky AT, Buchanan T, MacEwan GW, Thornton AE, Honer WG. Cognitive profiles and associated structural brain networks in a multimorbid sample of marginalized adults. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218201. [PMID: 31194834 PMCID: PMC6564539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cognition is impaired in homeless and vulnerably housed persons. Within this heterogeneous and multimorbid group, distinct profiles of cognitive dysfunction are evident. However, little is known about the underlying neurobiological substrates. Imaging structural covariance networks provides a novel investigative strategy to characterizing relationships between brain structure and function within these different cognitive subgroups. Method Participants were 208 homeless and vulnerably housed persons. Cluster analysis was used to group individuals on the basis of similarities in cognitive functioning in the areas of attention, memory, and executive functioning. The principles of graph theory were applied to construct two brain networks for each cognitive group, using measures of cortical thickness and gyrification. Global and regional network properties were compared across networks for each of the three cognitive clusters. Results Three cognitive groups were defined by: higher cognitive functioning across domains (Cluster 1); lower cognitive functioning with a decision-making strength (Cluster 3); and an intermediate group with a relative executive functioning weakness (Cluster 2). Between-group differences were observed for cortical thickness, but not gyrification networks. The lower functioning cognitive group exhibited higher segregation and reduced integration, higher centrality in select nodes, and less spatially compact modules compared with the two other groups. Conclusions The cortical thickness network differences of Cluster 3 suggest that major disruptions in structural connectivity underlie cognitive dysfunction in a subgroup of people who have a high multimorbid illness burden and who are vulnerably housed or homeless. The origins, and possible plasticity of these structure-function relationships identified with network analysis warrant further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M. Gicas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrea A. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - William J. Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | | | - Donna J. Lang
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | | | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Alasdair M. Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Ric M. Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Wayne Su
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - A. Talia Vertinsky
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Tari Buchanan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - G. William MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Allen E. Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - William G. Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gicas KM, Cheng A, Rawtaer I, Willi TS, Panenka WJ, Lang DJ, Smith GN, Vila-Rodriguez F, Leonova O, Giesbrecht CJ, Jones AA, Barr AM, Procyshyn RM, Buchanan T, MacEwan GW, Su W, Vertinsky AT, Rauscher A, O'Rourke N, Loken Thornton W, Thornton AE, Honer WG. Diffusion tensor imaging of neurocognitive profiles in a community cohort living in marginal housing. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01233. [PMID: 30724486 PMCID: PMC6422717 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated white matter differences associated with distinct neurocognitive profiles derived from a large cohort of marginally housed persons with comorbid physical and mental illnesses. Our prior work identified three profile cluster groups: a high functioning group (Cluster 1), a low functioning group with relative strength in decision-making (Cluster 3), and an intermediary group with a relative decision-making weakness (Cluster 2). This study extends previous findings of cortical gray matter differences between these groups with evidence for putative neurodevelopmental abnormalities in the low cognitive functioning group (i.e., Cluster 3). We hypothesized that altered white matter diffusion would be associated with the lowest functioning neurocognitive profile and would be associated with previously observed gray matter differences. METHOD Participants from a socially impoverished neighborhood in Vancouver, Canada underwent neurocognitive evaluation and neuroimaging. We performed Tract-Based Spatial Statistics using diffusion tensor imaging data from 184 participants to examine whole-brain differences in white matter microstructure between cluster analytically derived neurocognitive profiles, as well as unitary neurocognitive measures. Correlations between frontal gray and white matter were also examined. RESULTS Cluster 3 showed increased diffusion in predominately bilateral frontal and interhemisphere tracts (vs. Clusters 1 and 2), with relatively greater diffusion in the left hemisphere (vs. Cluster 1). Differences in radial diffusivity were more prominent compared with axial diffusivity. A weak association between regional frontal fractional anisotropy and previously defined abnormalities in gyrification was observed. CONCLUSIONS In a socially marginalized sample, we established several patterns in the covariation of white matter diffusion and neurocognitive functioning. These patterns elucidate the neurobiological substrates and vulnerabilities that are apt to underlie functional impairments inherent to this complex and heterogeneous population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Gicas
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancover, Canada
| | - Alex Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancover, Canada
| | - Iris Rawtaer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancover, Canada
| | - Taylor S Willi
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - William J Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancover, Canada
| | - Donna J Lang
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancover, Canada
| | - Geoff N Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancover, Canada
| | | | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancover, Canada
| | | | - Andrea A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancover, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancover, Canada
| | - Ric M Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancover, Canada
| | - Tari Buchanan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancover, Canada
| | - G William MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancover, Canada
| | - Wayne Su
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancover, Canada
| | | | - Alexander Rauscher
- Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancover, Canada
| | - Norm O'Rourke
- Department of Public Health and Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Aging, University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Allen E Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancover, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Woodward ML, Gicas KM, Warburton DE, White RF, Rauscher A, Leonova O, Su W, Smith GN, Thornton AE, Vertinsky AT, Phillips AA, Goghari VM, Honer WG, Lang DJ. Hippocampal volume and vasculature before and after exercise in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 202:158-165. [PMID: 30539767 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is associated with poor cognitive function and elevated cardiometabolic disease risk. These health concerns may exacerbate neurocognitive dysfunction associated with hippocampal abnormalities, particularly hippocampal volume reductions. Regular exercise is thought to improve symptom severity, reduce depression, and improve cognition in schizophrenia, and may trigger exercise-mediated hippocampal growth. The potential for the benefits of exercise for treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients has not been clearly assessed. This study aims to assess the effect of exercise on hippocampal plasticity and clinical outcomes in chronic schizophrenia. METHODS Seventeen DSM-IV criteria schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder patients completed a customized moderate intensity 12-week aerobic or weight-bearing exercise program. Adherence rates were 83% ± 9.4%) with 70% of participants completing the entire exercise program. Concomitant neuroimaging, clinical and cognitive assessments were obtained at baseline and 12-weeks. RESULTS At follow-up, symptom severity scores (t(16) = -16.8, p. ≤ 0.0001) and social functioning (t(16) = 4.4, p. = 0.0004) improved. A trend for improved depression scores (t(16) = -2.0, p. = 0.06) with no change in anxiety, or extrapyramidal symptoms were seen. Hippocampal volume increased (t(16) = -2.54, p. = 0.02), specifically in the left CA-1 field (F(16) = -2.33, p. = 0.03). Hippocampal vascular volume was unchanged. Change in hippocampal volume and vascular volume was not significantly correlated with change in symptom severity or affect scores. CONCLUSIONS Adjunct exercise may accelerate symptom improvement in treatment-resistant psychosis patients. While the underlying mechanism remains unclear, these results indicate that chronic schizophrenia patients experience hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise. STUDY REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.govNCT01392885.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Woodward
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - K M Gicas
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - D E Warburton
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Canada; Experimental Medicine Program, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - R F White
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Rauscher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - O Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - W Su
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - G N Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - A E Thornton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - A T Vertinsky
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - A A Phillips
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - V M Goghari
- Department of Psychology & Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - W G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - D J Lang
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Barbic SP, Jones AA, Woodward M, Piercy M, Mathias S, Vila-Rodriguez F, Leonova O, Smith GN, Buchanan T, Vertinsky AT, Gillingham S, Panenka WJ, Rauscher A, Barr AM, Procyshyn RM, MacEwan GW, Lang DJ, Thornton AE, Heran MK, Leon AM, Krausz M, Honer WG. Clinical and functional characteristics of young adults living in single room occupancy housing: preliminary findings from a 10-year longitudinal study. Can J Public Health 2018; 109:204-214. [PMID: 29981045 PMCID: PMC6964603 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-018-0087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Young adults living in single room occupancy (SRO) hotels, a form of low-income housing, are known to have complex health and substance problems compared to their peers in the general population. The objective of this study is to comprehensively describe the mental, physical, and social health profile of young adults living in SROs. METHODS This study reports baseline data from young adults aged 18-29 years, as part of a prospective cohort study of adults living in SROs in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Baseline and follow-up data were collected from 101 young adults (median follow-up period 1.9 years [IQR 1.0-3.1]). The comprehensive assessment included laboratory tests, neuroimaging, and clinician- and patient-reported measures of mental, physical, and social health and functioning. RESULTS Three youth died during the preliminary follow-up period, translating into a higher than average mortality rate (18.6, 95% CI 6.0, 57.2) compared to age- and sex-matched Canadians. High prevalence of interactions with the health, social, and justice systems was reported. Participants were living with median two co-occurring illnesses, including mental, neurological, and infectious diseases. Greater number of multimorbid illnesses was associated with poorer real-world functioning (ρ = - 0.373, p < 0.001). All participants reported lifetime alcohol and cannabis use, with pervasive use of stimulants and opioids. CONCLUSION This study reports high mortality rates, multimorbid illnesses, poor functioning, poverty, and ongoing unmet mental health needs among young adults living in SROs. Frequent interactions with the health, social, and justice systems suggest important points of intervention to improve health and functional trajectories of this vulnerable population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Skye P Barbic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Foundry, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, The University of British Columbia St. Paul's Hospital, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada.
| | - Andrea A Jones
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Melissa Woodward
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Radiology, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Steve Mathias
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Foundry, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fidel Vila-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Olga Leonova
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Geoffrey N Smith
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tari Buchanan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - William J Panenka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- Foundry, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ric M Procyshyn
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - G William MacEwan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Donna J Lang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Radiology, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Allen E Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Manraj K Heran
- Foundry, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Adelena M Leon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Krausz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schmitt T, Thornton AE, Rawtaer I, Barr AM, Gicas KM, Lang DJ, Vertinsky AT, Rauscher A, Procyshyn RM, Buchanan T, Cheng A, MacKay S, Leonova O, Langheimer V, Field TS, Heran MK, Vila-Rodriguez F, O'Connor TA, MacEwan GW, Honer WG, Panenka WJ. Traumatic Brain Injury in a Community-Based Cohort of Homeless and Vulnerably Housed Individuals. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:3301-3310. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toby Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Allen E. Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Iris Rawtaer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alasdair M. Barr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristina M. Gicas
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Donna J. Lang
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A. Talia Vertinsky
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ric M. Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tari Buchanan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alex Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah MacKay
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Verena Langheimer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Thalia S. Field
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Manraj K. Heran
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fidel Vila-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tiffany A. O'Connor
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G. William MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William G. Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William J. Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Neuropsychiatry Program, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Honer WG, Cervantes-Larios A, Jones AA, Vila-Rodriguez F, Montaner JS, Tran H, Nham J, Panenka WJ, Lang DJ, Thornton AE, Vertinsky T, Barr AM, Procyshyn RM, Smith GN, Buchanan T, Krajden M, Krausz M, MacEwan GW, Gicas KM, Leonova O, Langheimer V, Rauscher A, Schultz K. The Hotel Study-Clinical and Health Service Effectiveness in a Cohort of Homeless or Marginally Housed Persons. Can J Psychiatry 2017; 62:482-492. [PMID: 28199798 PMCID: PMC5528984 DOI: 10.1177/0706743717693781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Hotel Study was initiated in Vancouver's Downtown East Side (DTES) neighborhood to investigate multimorbidity in homeless or marginally housed people. We evaluated the clinical effectiveness of existing, illness-specific treatment strategies and assessed the effectiveness of health care delivery for multimorbid illnesses. METHOD For context, we mapped the housing locations of patients presenting for 552,062 visits to the catchment hospital emergency department (2005-2013). Aggregate data on 22,519 apprehensions of mentally ill people were provided by the Vancouver Police Department (2009-2015). The primary strategy was a longitudinal cohort study of 375 people living in the DTES (2008-2015). We analysed mortality and evaluated the clinical and health service delivery effectiveness for infection with human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis C virus, opioid dependence, and psychosis. RESULTS Mapping confirmed the association between poverty and greater number of emergency visits related to substance use and mental illness. The annual change in police apprehensions did not differ between the DTES and other policing districts. During 1581 person-years of cohort observation, the standardized mortality ratio was 8.43 (95% confidence interval, 6.19 to 11.50). Physician visits were common (84.3% of participants over 6 months). Clinical treatment effectiveness was highest for HIV/AIDS, intermediate for opioid dependence, and lowest for psychosis. Health service delivery mechanisms provided examples of poor access, poor treatment adherence, and little effect on multimorbid illnesses. CONCLUSIONS Clinical effectiveness was variable, and illness-specific service delivery appeared to have little effect on multimorbidity. New models of care may need to be implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William G Honer
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | | | - Andrea A Jones
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Fidel Vila-Rodriguez
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Julio S Montaner
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Howard Tran
- 3 Youth Services Section and Mental Health Portfolio, Vancouver Police Department, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Jimmy Nham
- 3 Youth Services Section and Mental Health Portfolio, Vancouver Police Department, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - William J Panenka
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Donna J Lang
- 4 Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Allen E Thornton
- 5 Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia
| | - Talia Vertinsky
- 4 Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- 6 Department of Anesthesia, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Ric M Procyshyn
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Geoffrey N Smith
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Tari Buchanan
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Mel Krajden
- 7 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Michael Krausz
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - G William MacEwan
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Kristina M Gicas
- 5 Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia
| | - Olga Leonova
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Verena Langheimer
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Krista Schultz
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Willi TS, Barr AM, Gicas K, Lang DJ, Vila-Rodriguez F, Su W, Thornton AE, Leonova O, Giesbrecht CJ, Procyshyn RM, Rauscher A, MacEwan WG, Honer WG, Panenka WJ. Characterization of white matter integrity deficits in cocaine-dependent individuals with substance-induced psychosis compared with non-psychotic cocaine users. Addict Biol 2017; 22:873-881. [PMID: 26833821 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
With sufficient drug exposure, some individuals develop transient psychotic symptoms referred to as 'substance-induced psychosis' (SIP), which closely resemble the symptoms observed in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The comparability in psychotic presentation between SIP and the schizophrenias suggests that similar underlying neural deficits may contribute to the emergence of psychosis across these disorders. Only a small number of studies have investigated structural alterations in SIP, and all have been limited to volumetric imaging methods, with none controlling for the effects of chronic drug exposure. To investigate white matter abnormalities associated with SIP, diffusion tensor imaging was employed in a group of individuals with cocaine-associated psychosis (CAP; n = 24) and a cocaine-dependent non-psychotic (CDN) group (n = 43). Tract-based spatial statistics was used to investigate group differences in white matter diffusion parameters. The CAP group showed significantly lower fractional anisotropy values than the CDN group (p < 0.05) in voxels within white matter tracts of fronto-temporal, fronto-thalamic and interhemispheric pathways. The greatest differences in white matter integrity were present in the corpus callosum, corona radiata, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculi and bilateral inferior longitudinal fasciculi. Additionally, the CAP group had voxels of significantly higher radial diffusivity in a subset of the previously mentioned pathways. These results are the first description of white matter integrity abnormalities in a SIP sample and indicate that differences in these pathways may be a shared factor in the expression of different forms of psychosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor S. Willi
- Department of Psychiatry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| | - Alasdair M. Barr
- Department of Pharmacology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| | - Kristina Gicas
- Department of Psychology; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby Canada
| | - Donna J. Lang
- Department of Radiology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| | | | - Wayne Su
- Department of Psychiatry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| | | | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| | | | - Ric M. Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- Department of Radiology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| | - William G. MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| | - William G. Honer
- Department of Psychiatry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| | - William J. Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Krivova Y, Proshchina A, Barabanov V, Leonova O, Saveliev S. Structure of neuro-endocrine and neuro-epithelial interactions in human foetal pancreas. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:567-576. [PMID: 27823763 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the pancreas of many mammals including humans, endocrine islet cells can be integrated with the nervous system components into neuro-insular complexes. The mechanism of the formation of such complexes is not clearly understood. The present study evaluated the interactions between the nervous system components, epithelial cells and endocrine cells in the human pancreas. Foetal pancreas, gestational age 19-23 weeks (13 cases) and 30-34 weeks (7 cases), were studied using double immunohistochemical labeling with neural markers (S100 protein and beta III tubulin), epithelial marker (cytokeratin 19 (CK19)) and antibodies to insulin and glucagon. We first analyse the structure of neuro-insular complexes using confocal microscopy and provide immunohistochemical evidences of the presence of endocrine cells within the ganglia or inside the nerve bundles. We showed that the nervous system components contact with the epithelial cells located in ducts or in clusters outside the ductal epithelium and form complexes with separate epithelial cells. We observed CK19-positive cells inside the ganglia and nerve bundles which were located separately or were integrated with the islets. Therefore, we conclude that neuro-insular complexes may forms as a result of integration between epithelial cells and nervous system components at the initial stages of islets formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Krivova
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsurupy St. 3, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexandra Proshchina
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsurupy St. 3, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Valeriy Barabanov
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsurupy St. 3, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Olga Leonova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Vavilova St. 32, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey Saveliev
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsurupy St. 3, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Willi TS, Lang DJ, Honer WG, Smith GN, Thornton AE, Panenka WJ, Procyshyn RM, Vila-Rodriguez F, Su W, Vertinsky AT, Leonova O, Rauscher A, MacEwan GW, Barr AM. Subcortical grey matter alterations in cocaine dependent individuals with substance-induced psychosis compared to non-psychotic cocaine users. Schizophr Res 2016; 176:158-163. [PMID: 27499362 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
After prolonged psychostimulant abuse, transient psychotic symptoms referred to as "substance-induced psychosis" (SIP) can develop - closely resembling symptoms observed in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The comparability in psychotic presentation between SIP and schizophrenias suggests that similar underlying neural deficits may contribute to the expression of psychosis across these disorders. To date, neuroanatomical characterization of grey matter structural alterations in SIP has been limited to methamphetamine associated psychosis, with no studies controlling for potential neurotoxic effects of the psychostimulant that precipitates psychosis. To investigate grey matter subcortical alterations in SIP, a voxel-based analysis of magnetic resonance images (MRI) was performed between a group of 74 cocaine dependent nonpsychotic individuals and a group of 29 individuals with cocaine-associated psychosis. The cocaine-associated psychosis group had significantly smaller volumes of the thalamus and left hippocampus, controlling for age, total brain volume, current methamphetamine dependence, and current marijuana dependence. No differences were present in bilateral caudate structures. The findings of reduced thalamic and hippocampal volumes agree with previous reports in the schizophrenia literature, suggesting alterations of these structures are not specific to schizophrenia, but may be common to multiple forms of psychosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor S Willi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Donna J Lang
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Geoff N Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Allen E Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - William J Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ric M Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Fidel Vila-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Wayne Su
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - A Talia Vertinsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - G William MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Pharmacology, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Willi TS, Honer WG, Thornton AE, Gicas K, Procyshyn RM, Vila-Rodriguez F, Panenka WJ, Aleksic A, Leonova O, Jones AA, MacEwan GW, Barr AM. Factors affecting severity of positive and negative symptoms of psychosis in a polysubstance using population with psychostimulant dependence. Psychiatry Res 2016; 240:336-342. [PMID: 27138828 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Approximately half of psychostimulant users experience psychotic symptoms, which include both positive and negative symptoms. Prior reports have exclusively used positive symptoms to characterize psychostimulant associated psychosis. Symptoms vary dramatically in severity, though most investigations categorize psychosis as a dichotomous occurrence. To explore the association between different substances of abuse and the severity of psychotic symptoms, we investigated 171 individuals meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for psychostimulant (cocaine or methamphetamine) dependence in an observational cross-sectional study. Participants were predominantly male (72.5%), recruited from a socially disadvantaged neighborhood in Vancouver, Canada, with a mean age of 45.5(±8.8) years. Of the total sample, 85% were dependent on cocaine, and 28.1% were dependent on methamphetamine. Participants had a median total PANSS score of 63, ranging from 37 to 111. Demographic information, current substance use and early substance exposure were used to predict positive and negative psychotic symptom severity in linear regression models. Increased severity of positive psychotic symptoms was significantly related to greater methamphetamine and marijuana use in the past 28 days, and methadone-abstinence. Negative symptom severity was related to increased opioid use in the past 28 days. There was no overlap between predictors of positive and negative symptom severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor S Willi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Allen E Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Kristina Gicas
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Ric M Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Fidel Vila-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - William J Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Ana Aleksic
- Department of Pharmacology, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Andrea A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - G William MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Pharmacology, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z3.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jones AA, Vila-Rodriguez F, Leonova O, Langheimer V, Lang DJ, Barr AM, Procyshyn RM, Smith GN, Schultz K, Buchanan T, Krausz M, Montaner JS, MacEwan GW, Rauscher A, Panenka WJ, Thornton AE, Honer WG. Mortality from treatable illnesses in marginally housed adults: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e008876. [PMID: 26297373 PMCID: PMC4550735 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Socially disadvantaged people experience greater risk for illnesses that may contribute to premature death. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of treatable illnesses on mortality among adults living in precarious housing. DESIGN A prospective cohort based in a community sample. SETTING A socially disadvantaged neighbourhood in Vancouver, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Adults (N=371) living in single room occupancy hotels or recruited from the Downtown Community Court and followed for median 3.8 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants were assessed for physical and mental illnesses for which treatment is currently available. We compared cohort mortality rates with 2009 Canadian rates. Left-truncated Cox proportional hazards modelling with age as the time scale was used to assess risk factors for earlier mortality. RESULTS During 1269 person-years of observation, 31/371 (8%) of participants died. Compared with age-matched and sex-matched Canadians, the standardised mortality ratio was 8.29 (95% CI 5.83 to 11.79). Compared with those that had cleared the virus, active hepatitis C infection was a significant predictor for hepatic fibrosis adjusting for alcohol dependence and age (OR=2.96, CI 1.37 to 7.08). Among participants <55 years of age, psychosis (HR=8.12, CI 1.55 to 42.47) and hepatic fibrosis (HR=13.01, CI 3.56 to 47.57) were associated with earlier mortality. Treatment rates for these illnesses were low (psychosis: 32%, hepatitis C virus: 0%) compared with other common disorders (HIV: 57%, opioid dependence: 61%) in this population. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic fibrosis and psychosis are associated with increased mortality in people living in marginal conditions. Timely diagnosis and intervention could reduce the high mortality in marginalised inner city populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fidel Vila-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olga Leonova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Verena Langheimer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Donna J Lang
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Anesthesia, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ric M Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Geoffrey N Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Krista Schultz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tari Buchanan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Krausz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julio S Montaner
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G William MacEwan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William J Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Allen E Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pal'okha EA, Saenko AS, Lekakh IV, Leonova O. [Some features of immunological status in young peoples irradiated in utero or in age up to 4 years as result of Chernobyl accident]. Radiats Biol Radioecol 2010; 50:165-170. [PMID: 20464964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Some characteristics of immune system, namely quantities of serum immunoglobulins A, G, M and activity of free and hidden autoantibodies to DNA, cardiolipin and microsomal thyroid antigen were studied in young people irradiated in utero or in age up to 4 years through Chernobyl accident. The hallmarker of observed immunological changes is low content of immunoglobulin A. Degree of reduction was in back proportion with level 137Cs contamination inhabit territory. A lowering of the content of IgA in persons irradiated in utero depends on period of pregnancy at a moment of the accident: the most reduction was observed in young people irradiated in the first trimester of gestation. It was shown elevation of activity autoantibodies to cardiolipin. Both deficit of IgA and elevation activity the autoantibodies were observed only in proportion of young people irradiated in utero or in early period of life.
Collapse
|