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Narayanan M, Suresh K, Obaid SA, Alagarsamy P, Nguyen CK. Statistical optimized production of Phytase from Hanseniaspora guilliermondii S1 and studies on purification, homology modelling and growth promotion effect. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118898. [PMID: 38614199 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
This investigation was performed to obtain a promising phytase enzyme producing yeast. In this regard, the PSM was used to isolate the phytase-producing Hanseniaspora guilliermondii S1 (MG663578) from sugarcane juice. The SSF optimum conditions for phytase generation were optimized using (OVAT) one-variable-at-a-time strategy using both Box-Behnken design and shake flask method (g/100 ml: 0.05 yeast extract, 0.15 Peptone, 0.05 malt extract 0.50 dextrose, pH 5.8 and 28ᵒC). The protein model developed was shown to be adequate for phytase production (91% accuracy), with the greatest phytase productivity in shake flask with substrate jack fruit seed powder being 395 ± 0.43 U/ml compared to 365U/ml for the BBD projected value. Crude Phytase was partially purified with a protein recovery of 43%, revealing a molecular weight of 120 kDa. It had an enzyme kinetic value of Km 3.3 mM and a Vmax of 19.1 mol/min. The 3D structure of PhyS1 amino acid sequences (PhyS1. B99990002) was simulated using Modeler 9.23, and the validated result revealed that 86.7% were in the favored region by Ramachandran plot. The SAVES server verified the 3D PDB file as satisfactory, and the model (in.pdb format) was uploaded in the PMDB database with the accession number ID: PM0082974. At the lab level, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii S1 (MG663578) producing phytase exhibited successful plant growth promotion activity in Ragi - CO 19 (Eleusine coracana L.) and Rice -Navarai - IR 64 (Oryza sativa L.). As a result, a phytase-based formulation for sustainable agriculture must be developed and tested on a large scale in diverse geographical areas of agricultural lands to determine its effect and potential on plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- Department of Research and Innovations, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K Suresh
- Department of Biotechnology, MGR College of Arts and Science, Adhiyamaan Educational Research Institute, Hosur, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sami Al Obaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Cong-Kinh Nguyen
- General Department, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
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Mussa LA, Yadetie DM, Temesgen EA, Tefera AT, Gemeda MT. Isolation and in-vitro characterization of extracellular phytase producing bacterial isolates for potential application in poultry feed. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:296. [PMID: 37848818 PMCID: PMC10580623 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytase catalyses the breakdown of complex organic forms of phosphorous into simpler forms by sequential hydrolysis of phosphate ester bonds to liberate the inorganic phosphate. Supplementation of feeds with bacterial phytase therefore could enhance the bioavailability of phosphorus and micronutrients. Hence, the aim of this study was to isolate and characterize phytase producing bacteria from rhizosphere soil, fresh poultry excreta, and cattle shed to evaluate their potential in improving poultry feeds. Phytase producing bacteria were isolated using wheat bran extract medium. RESULTS A total of 169 bacterial isolates were purified and screened for phytase activity. Out of these, 36 were confirmed as positive for phytase enzyme activity. The bacterial isolates were identified by cultural, morphological, and biochemical features. The isolates were also identified by using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. The bacterial isolates (RS1, RS8, RS10 and RS15) were provided with gene bank database accession numbers of MZ407562, MZ407563, MZ407564 and MZ407565 respectively. All isolates increased phytase production when cultured in wheat bran extract medium (pH 6) supplemented with 1% (wt/v) galactose and 1% (wt/v) ammonium sulphate incubated at 50oC for 72 h. Proximate composition analysis after supplementation of phytase showed that phytase supplementation improved bioavailability of phosphorus, calcium, potassium and sodium in poultry feed. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study showed that the nutritional value of poultry feed can be improved using microbial phytase enzyme which reduces the cost of supplementation with inorganic phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubaba Amede Mussa
- Biotechnology Department, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Diriba Muleta Yadetie
- Biotechnology Department, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Endeshaw Abatenh Temesgen
- Biotechnology and Bioprocess Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Tesfaye Tefera
- Biotechnology Department, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Tafesse Gemeda
- Biotechnology and Bioprocess Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Vashishth A, Tehri N, Tehri P, Sharma A, Sharma AK, Kumar V. Unraveling the potential of bacterial phytases for sustainable management of phosphorous. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:1690-1706. [PMID: 37042496 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorous actively participates in numerous metabolic and regulatory activities of almost all living organisms including animals and humans. Therefore, it is considered as an essential macronutrient required supporting their proper growth. On contrary, phytic acid (PA), an antinutritional substance, is widely known for its strong affinity to chelate essential mineral ions including PO4 3- , Ca2+ , Fe2+ , Mg2+ , and Zn2+ . Being one the major reservoir of PO4 3- ions, PA has great potential to bind PO4 3- ions in diverse range of foods. Once combined with P, PA transforms into an undigested and insoluble complex namely phytate. Produced phytate leads to a notable reduction in the bioavailability of P due to negligible activity of phytases in monogastric animals and humans. This highlights the importance and consequent need of enhancement of phytase level in these life forms. Interestingly, phytases, catalyzing the breakdown of phytate complex and recycling the phosphate into ecosystem to its available form, have naturally been reported in a variety of plants and microorganisms over past few decades. In pursuit of a reliable solution, the focus of this review is to explore the keynote potential of bacterial phytases for sustainable management of phosphorous via efficient utilization of soil phytate. The core of the review covers detailed discussion on bacterial phytases along with their widely reported applications viz. biofertilizers, phosphorus acquisition, and plant growth promotion. Moreover, meticulous description on fermentation-based strategies and future trends on bacterial phytases have also been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Vashishth
- Department of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nimisha Tehri
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Piyush Tehri
- Department of Applied Sciences, MIET, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avinash Sharma
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Arunachal University of Studies, Namsai, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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Pham HHT, Kim DH, Nguyen TL. Wide-genome selection of lactic acid bacteria harboring genes that promote the elimination of antinutritional factors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1145041. [PMID: 37180381 PMCID: PMC10171302 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1145041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) substances in plant products, such as indigestible non-starchy polysaccharides (α-galactooligosaccharides, α-GOS), phytate, tannins, and alkaloids can impede the absorption of many critical nutrients and cause major physiological disorders. To enhance silage quality and its tolerance threshold for humans as well as other animals, ANFs must be reduced. This study aims to identify and compare the bacterial species/strains that are potential use for industrial fermentation and ANFs reduction. A pan-genome study of 351 bacterial genomes was performed, and binary data was processed to quantify the number of genes involved in the removal of ANFs. Among four pan-genomes analysis, all 37 tested Bacillus subtilis genomes had one phytate degradation gene, while 91 out of 150 Enterobacteriacae genomes harbor at least one genes (maximum three). Although, no gene encoding phytase detected in genomes of Lactobacillus and Pediococcus species, they have genes involving indirectly in metabolism of phytate-derivatives to produce Myo-inositol, an important compound in animal cells physiology. In contrast, genes related to production of lectin, tannase and saponin degrading enzyme did not include in genomes of B. subtilis and Pediococcus species. Our findings suggest a combination of bacterial species and/or unique strains in fermentation, for examples, two Lactobacillus strains (DSM 21115 and ATCC 14869) with B. subtilis SRCM103689, would maximize the efficiency in reducing the ANFs concentration. In conclusion, this study provides insights into bacterial genomes analysis for maximizing nutritional value in plant-based food. Further investigations of gene numbers and repertories correlated to metabolism of different ANFs will help clarifying the efficiency of time consuming and food qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ha-Thi Pham
- VK Tech Research Center, NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Luan Nguyen
- Department of Science and Technology, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- *Correspondence: Thanh Luan Nguyen,
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Characterisation of a soil MINPP phytase with remarkable long-term stability and activity from Acinetobacter sp. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272015. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic analysis, homology modelling and biochemical methods have been employed to characterize a phytase from a Gram-negative soil bacterium. Acinetobacter sp. AC1-2 phytase belongs to clade 2 of the histidine (acid) phytases, to the Multiple Inositol Polyphosphate Phosphatase (MINPP) subclass. The enzyme was extraordinarily stable in solution both at room temperature and 4°C, retaining near 100% activity over 755 days. It showed a broad pH activity profile from 2–8.5 with maxima at 3, 4.5–5 and 6. The enzyme showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and substrate inhibition (Vmax, Km, and Ki, 228 U/mg, 0.65 mM and 2.23 mM, respectively). Homology modelling using the crystal structure of a homologous MINPP from a human gut commensal bacterium indicated the presence of a potentially stabilising polypeptide loop (a U-loop) straddling the active site. By employ of the enantiospecificity of Arabidopsis inositol tris/tetrakisphosphate kinase 1 for inositol pentakisphosphates, we show AC1-2 MINPP to possess D6-phytase activity, which allowed modelling of active site specificity pockets for InsP6 substrate. While phytase gene transcription was unaltered in rich media, it was repressed in minimal media with phytic acid and orthophosphate as phosphate sources. The results of this study reveal AC1-2 MINPP to possess desirable attributes relevant to biotechnological use.
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Elkhateeb YAM, Fadel M. Bioinformatic Studies, Experimental Validation of Phytase Production and Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Enhancing Phytase Enzyme Production by Different Microorganisms under Solid-State Fermentation. Open Microbiol J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742858-v16-e2202160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Phytase is an essential enzyme necessary for the digestive process. It is a natural enzyme found in plant materials. It prevents bad effect of phytic acid on protein and energy utilization. Phytase frees the bound minerals such as phosphorus, calcium, zinc, iron, magnesium and manganese from the phytic acid molecule providing essential minerals available for healthy nutrition. This study depends on converting food processing waste into highly valuable products. Optimizing the fermentation conditions for enhancing high phytase production with low cost was the objective of this research.
Methods:
A bibliographical survey was carried out to select the most fungul producers of phytase from fungal species deposited in NCBI database. Phytases of the selected organisms were analyzed in the UNIPROT database and their protein sequences were submitted to multiple sequence alignments using Clustal Omega and visualized using Jalview program. Experimental studies using five fungal strains of Aspergillus.ssp on wheat bran under Solid-State Fermentation carried out. Comparisons were made for phytase production. A. awamori NRC- F18 as the best phytase producer-strain cultured on different types of treated wastes followed by optimizing the fermentation conditions for enhancing phytase production using rice straw as the best substrate, which provides the highest phytase production. Thermostability of crude enzyme was studied. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS at P < 0.05 or P < 0.01.
Results:
Bioinformatic studies predicted the most producer species and explained the difference in activity of phytases produced from different species, although they have the same function. All phytases of the selected fungal species from the database NCBI have highly conserved amino acid sequences; there are 88 identical positions; 135 similar positions, but the identity percentage was 16.858%. Experimental studies using five fungal strains of Aspergillus ssp. on wheat bran revealed optimum conditions for phytase production by A. awamori NRC- F18, which cultured on different types of treated wastes. A considerably higher phytase production was obtained using rice straw as substrate 424.66± 2.92 IU /g at pH 6 (371.883± 0.822 IU /g), after 144 hrs of incubation at 30°C. The maximum enzyme activity observed when solid: moisture was 1:4; Inoculum concentration 2mg/5g (418.363± 16.709 IU /g) and substrate concentration 4.5% (277.39± 12.05 IU /g). Glucose and Ammonium acetate were the best carbon and nitrogen sources that enhanced phytase production from A. awamori NRC- F18. The obtained phytase was found to be thermostable and the maximum temperature at which phytase still active was 80°C.
Conclusion:
Bioinformatic studies predicted the most producer species. Experimental study revealed that A.awamori NRC- F18 was the best Phytase -producer strain. Solid state fermentation was a good method; pretreatment of agriculture residues as rice straw was useful for less expensive phytase production, which was thermostable. A. awamori NRC- F18 can be used in the industrial production of phytase.
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Atasoy R, Hendek Ertop M. Assessment of nutritional and bioactive properties for gluten‐free tarhana containing various legumes and cereals. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Atasoy
- Institute of Science Kastamonu University Kastamonu Turkey
| | - Müge Hendek Ertop
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Kastamonu University Kastamonu Turkey
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8
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Hong B, Kim BG. Supplemental phytase increases phosphorus digestibility in pigs regardless of phytase source or feed pelleting. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Functional and Healthy Features of Conventional and Non-Conventional Sourdoughs. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11083694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sourdough is a composite ecosystem largely characterized by yeasts and lactic acid bacteria which are the main players in the fermentation process. The specific strains involved are influenced by several factors including the chemical and enzyme composition of the flour and the sourdough production technology. For many decades the scientific community has explored the microbiological, biochemical, technological and nutritional potential of sourdoughs. Traditionally, sourdoughs have been used to improve the organoleptic properties, texture, digestibility, palatability, and safety of bread and other kinds of baked products. Recently, novel sourdough-based biotechnological applications have been proposed to meet the demand of consumers for healthier and more natural food and offer new inputs for the food industry. Many researchers have focused on the beneficial effects of specific enzymatic activities or compounds, such as exopolysaccharides, with both technological and functional roles. Additionally, many studies have explored the ability of sourdough lactic acid bacteria to produce antifungal compounds for use as bio-preservatives. This review provides an overview of the fundamental features of sourdoughs and their exploitation to develop high value-added products with beneficial microorganisms and/or their metabolites, which can positively impact human health.
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Kumari N, Bansal S. Production and characterization of a novel, thermotolerant fungal phytase from agro-industrial byproducts for cattle feed. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:865-879. [PMID: 33387113 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The application of phytases helps in releasing bound phosphorus and other nutrients in cattle feed eventually reducing the need for supplementations. However, high production cost owing to the unavailability of cheaper sources of phytases has limited their usage in developing countries. Herein, firstly isolation, identification of a phytase from fungal isolate, Aspergillus niger NT7 was carried out followed by optimizing of all production parameters, through solid-state fermentation (SSF). Secondly, crude phytase was characterized and potential applicability of crude phytase was evaluated for dephytinization of wheat bran. RESULTS The highest phytase production (208.30 ± 0.22 U/gds) was achieved using wheat bran as cheap agro-industrial substrate for SSF. The various physiological parameters were optimized including inoculum age and level (3-day old inoculum and 15 × 107 spores/ml), temperature (35 °C), a moistening agent (distilled water), medium pH (5), and supplementation of various biochemicals like sugar (Mannitol), nitrogen (ammonium sulphate) and detergent (Tween 80). Process optimization through one variable at a time (OVAT) approach increased the difference in productivity to more than 200%. The crude phytase of A. niger NT7 was thermostable, with optimal activity at 60 °C and also displayed optimal activity over a broad range of acidic pH. Further, enhancement in phytase activity was found specifically in the presence of Ca2+, Zn2+, and Co2+ ions, while other metal ions including Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Mg2+and Cu2+ inhibited its activity. Finally, the phytase showed efficient and sustained release of inorganic phosphate, proteins, and reducing sugars (> 60 h) from livestock feed. CONCLUSION Overall, our report highlights the production of an efficient and thermotolerant phytase with potential as a low-cost animal feed supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Rix GD, Todd JD, Neal AL, Brearley CA. Improved sensitivity, accuracy and prediction provided by a high-performance liquid chromatography screen for the isolation of phytase-harbouring organisms from environmental samples. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 14:1409-1421. [PMID: 33347708 PMCID: PMC8313252 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HPLC methods are shown to be of predictive value for classification of phytase activity of aggregate microbial communities and pure cultures. Applied in initial screens, they obviate the problems of ‘false‐positive’ detection arising from impurity of substrate and imprecision of methodologies that rely on phytate‐specific media. In doing so, they simplify selection of candidates for biotechnological applications. Combined with 16S sequencing and simple bioinformatics, they reveal diversity of the histidine phosphatase class of phytases most commonly exploited for biotechnological use. They reveal contribution of multiple inositol‐polyphosphate phosphatase (MINPP) activity to aggregate soil phytase activity, and they identity Acinetobacter spp. as harbouring this prevalent soil phytase activity. Previously, among bacteria MINPP was described exclusively as an activity of gut commensals. HPLC methods have also identified, in a facile manner, a known commercially successful histidine (acid) phosphatase enzyme. The methods described afford opportunity for isolation of phytases for biotechnological use from other environments. They reveal the position of attack on phytate by diverse histidine phosphatases, something that other methods lack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Rix
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Jonathan D Todd
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Andrew L Neal
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture Science, Rothamsted Research, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK
| | - Charles A Brearley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
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12
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Soda Bread Making Process Decreases Protein Efficacy Ratio and Causes Debilitation of Hematological Parameters in Male Rats. HEALTH SCOPE 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope.107390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Bread has long been one of the most popular foods and is the major source to supply energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins. The type of bread making process may affect its nutritional value. This study aimed to investigate bread baking methods and their effects on protein efficacy ratio (PER) and the status of some iron-related blood parameters in rats. Methods: Four diets were used in this study, including a control diet (animals chow), fermented bread, non-fermented bread, and soda bread. At first, some chemical parameters of flour and bread were measured, and then PER and some hematological parameters were determined in rats. Descriptive statistics include mean ± standard deviation (SD), and analytical statistics include one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The wheat flour’s Fe was 18.68 mg/kg. The PER value was negative in the group that received soda bread, and the weight gain was the lowest in the soda bread group. Ferritin, RBC, Hematocrit, BUN, MCV, and MCHC mean values were significantly lower in the rats that received soda bread than other groups. There were no differences among groups in MCH. Conclusions: Although bread can be used as a major source to supply energy protein and other nutritional values, the soda bread making process may decrease protein efficacy ratio and cause debilitation of hematological parameters. These effects of soda can disrupt the body's physiological processes and lead to disease in the long run.
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A Novel Corn-Expressed Phytase Improves Daily Weight Gain, Protein Efficiency Ratio and Nutrients Digestibility and Alters Fecal Microbiota in Pigs Fed with Very Low Protein Diets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101926. [PMID: 33092137 PMCID: PMC7590218 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a novel corn-expressed phytase (CEP) on growth, nutrients digestibility, bone characteristics and fecal microbiota of pigs fed with very low-protein, -calcium (Ca) and -phosphorous (P) diets. Forty-eight barrows were subjected to 6 groups for 4 weeks: positive control-adequate protein (PC), negative control-reduced protein (NC), NC + low-dose CEP, i.e., 2000 FTU/kg (LD), NC + high-dose CEP, i.e., 4000 FTU/kg (HD), LD with 0.12% unit reduced Ca and 0.15% unit reduced available P (LDR), and HD with 0.12% unit reduced Ca and 0.15% unit reduced available P (HDR). Compared to NC, LD and HDR had a higher average daily gain (ADG) and gain:protein ratio (G:P), HD and HDR had greater apparent fecal digestibility of Ca and P and bone mineral density and LDR and HDR had lower serum osteocalcin. The feces of LD was enriched in Lachnospiraceae, while the HD had a higher abundance of Succinvibrio and LDR had a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium and Actinobacteria. In conclusion, supplementation of protein-restricted diets with a CEP decreased their negative effects on ADG and G:P ratio, increased the digestibility of Ca and P regardless of the levels of these minerals in the diet, improved bone characteristics and produced differential effects on fecal bacterial population.
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Neira-Vielma AA, Iliná A, Álvarez GM, Nascimento CO, Aguilar CN, Martínez-Hernández JL, Carneiro-da-Cunha MDG. Recovery and purification of Aspergillus niger phytase from crude extract using AOT / isooctane reversed micelles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 26:e00471. [PMID: 32509541 PMCID: PMC7264062 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The application of the reverse micelles resulted in purification of A. niger phytase. It was possible purify phytase from A. niger by reversed micelles in short period time. Reversed micelles proved to be a viable alternative for phytase purification. Phytase remained active after extraction using AOT/isooctane reversed micelles. The phytase purity and activity were confirmed by SDS-PAGE and zymogram analyzes.
This work describes the successful extraction of Aspergillus niger phytase from a crude extract (CE) obtained from solid-state fermentation by reversed micelle system using anionic surfactant sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) in isooctane achieved in two simple steps: forward and backward extractions. The effects of potassium chloride (KCl) concentration, pH of the aqueous solution, and AOT concentration that affect the system were examined. The best result for the forward extraction was obtained with the CE solution at pH 4.0, 50 mM KCl, and 100 mM AOT, while for the backward extraction the best result was achieved with a stripping aqueous solution at pH 5.5 containing 200 mM KCl, achieving a purification factor of 4.03, 1.15 times higher than that reported for the conventional purification process. Phytase purity was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE (89 kDa) and its activity by zymogram, confirming the efficiency of the process with low time consumption (∼40 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A Neira-Vielma
- Food Research Department, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, México. Blvd. V. Carranza S/N. Col. República, CP 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México.,Departamento de Bioquímica/Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, CEP 50.670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Anna Iliná
- Nanobiociences Group, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza S/N. Col. República, CP 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Georgina Michelena Álvarez
- Instituto Cubano de Investigaciones de los Derivados de la Caña de Azúcar (ICIDCA), Vía Blanca #804 y Carretera Central, Zona postal 10, código 11 000, San Miguel del Padrón Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba
| | - Cynthia O Nascimento
- Faculdade São Miguel, Rua João Fernandes Vieira 458/459, CEP 50.050-215, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Cristóbal Noé Aguilar
- Food Research Department, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, México. Blvd. V. Carranza S/N. Col. República, CP 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - José Luis Martínez-Hernández
- Nanobiociences Group, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza S/N. Col. República, CP 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Maria das Graças Carneiro-da-Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica/Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, CEP 50.670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
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15
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Improvement of chemical properties of noodle and pasta using dephytinized cereal brans. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Jatuwong K, Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Penkhrue W, Kakumyan P, Lumyong S. Bioprocess for Production, Characteristics, and Biotechnological Applications of Fungal Phytases. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:188. [PMID: 32117182 PMCID: PMC7034034 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytases are a group of enzymes that hydrolyze the phospho-monoester bonds of phytates. Phytates are one of the major forms of phosphorus found in plant tissues. Fungi are mainly used for phytase production. The production of fungal phytases has been achieved under three different fermentation methods including solid-state, semi-solid-state, and submerged fermentation. Agricultural residues and other waste materials have been used as substrates for the evaluation of enzyme production in the fermentation process. Nutrients, physical conditions such as pH and temperature, and protease resistance are important factors for increasing phytase production. Fungal phytases are considered monomeric proteins and generally possess a molecular weight of between 14 and 353 kDa. Fungal phytases display a broad substrate specificity with optimal pH and temperature ranges between 1.3 and 8.0 and 37-67°C, respectively. The crystal structure of phytase has been studied in Aspergillus. Notably, thermostability engineering has been used to improve relevant enzyme properties. Furthermore, fungal phytases are widely used in food and animal feed additives to improve the efficiency of phosphorus intake and reduce the amount of phosphorus in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritsana Jatuwong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Ph.D. Degree Program in Applied Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Watsana Penkhrue
- School of Preclinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Pattana Kakumyan
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
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17
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Teixeira MDM, Muszewska A, Travis J, Moreno LF, Ahmed S, Roe C, Mead H, Steczkiewicz K, Lemmer D, de Hoog S, Keim P, Wiederhold N, Barker BM. Genomic characterization of Parengyodontium americanum sp. nov. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 138:103351. [PMID: 32028048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Modern genome analysis and phylogenomic methods have increased the number of fungal species, as well as enhanced appreciation of the degree of diversity within the fungal kingdom. In this context, we describe a new Parengyodontium species, P. americanum, which is phylogenetically related to the opportunistic human fungal pathogen P. album. Five unusual fungal isolates were recovered from five unique and confirmed coccidioidomycosis patients, and these isolates were subsequently submitted to detailed molecular and morphological identification procedures to determine identity. Molecular and morphological diagnostic analyses showed that the isolates belong to the Cordycipitaceae. Subsequently, three representative genomes were sequenced and annotated, and a new species, P. americanum, was identified. Using various genomic analyses, gene family expansions related to novel compounds and potential for ability to grow in diverse habitats are predicted. A general description of the genomic composition of this newly described species and comparison of genome content with Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea and Cordyceps militaris shows a shared core genome of 6371 genes, and 148 genes that appear to be specific for P. americanum. This work provides the framework for future investigations of this interesting fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus de M Teixeira
- Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute-North, Flagstaff, AZ, USA; Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA; Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Anna Muszewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jason Travis
- Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute-North, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Leandro F Moreno
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Ahmed
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chandler Roe
- Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute-North, Flagstaff, AZ, USA; Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Heather Mead
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Kamil Steczkiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Darrin Lemmer
- Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute-North, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Keim
- Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute-North, Flagstaff, AZ, USA; Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Nathan Wiederhold
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bridget M Barker
- Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute-North, Flagstaff, AZ, USA; Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
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18
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Sharma A, Ahluwalia O, Tripathi AD, Singh G, Arya SK. Phytases and their pharmaceutical applications: Mini-review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Zhao Y, Zhu L, Lin C, Shen Z, Xu C. Transgenic soybean expressing a thermostable phytase as substitution for feed additive phytase. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14390. [PMID: 31591515 PMCID: PMC6779883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytase is one of the most effective feed additives to increase the availability of phosphorus and minerals by catalyzing the hydrolysis of phytic acid. A modified appA gene (mappA) was transformed into soybean (Glycine max) under the control of a seed-specific promoter from common bean (Phaselous vulgaris). The soybean recombinant phytase showed optimal activity at pH 4.5 and 70 °C. A slight increase in enzyme activity occurred when the recombinant enzyme was pre-incubated with n-hexane. In addition, the phytase activity from our transgenic soybean does not reduce even after 2 hours of extraction with n-hexane at 55~65 °C. In conclusion, the oil extraction process using n-hexane does not inactivate the phytase expressed in the mAppA transgenic soybean, and the meal derived from the transgenic soybean processing can be used as feed supplement to livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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20
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Tang HC, Sieo CC, Abdullah N, Chong CW, Gan HM, Mohd Asrore MS, Yong CY, Omar AR, Ho YW. Effects of supplementing freeze-dried Mitsuokella jalaludinii phytase on the growth performance and gut microbial diversity of broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:116-125. [PMID: 31556187 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion of phytase in animal feedstuff is a common practice to enhance nutrients availability. However, little is known about the effects of phytase supplementation on the microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, freeze-dried Mitsuokella jalaludinii phytase (MJ) was evaluated in a feeding trial with broilers fed a low available phosphorus (aP) diet. A total of 180 male broiler chicks (day-old Cobb) were assigned into three dietary treatments: Control fed with 0.4% (w/w) of available phosphorus (aP); Group T1 fed low aP [0.2% (w/w)] supplemented with MJ; and T2 fed low aP and deactivated MJ. The source of readily available P, dicalcium phosphate (DCP), was removed from low aP diet, whereby additional limestone was provided to replace the amount of Ca normally found in DCP. For each treatment, 4 replicate pens were used, where each pen consisted of 15 animals. The animals' energy intake and caecal bacterial community were monitored weekly for up to 3 weeks. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADDM) of broilers fed with different diets were determined. In addition, the caecal microbial diversities of broilers were assessed using high-throughput next-generation sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA. The results showed that broilers fed with T1 diet have better feed conversion ratio (FCR) when compared to the Control (p < .05) and T2 diets (p < .05), demonstrating the efficiency of MJ as a supplement to low aP diet. Nevertheless, MJ did not significantly affect the microbial population and diversity in broilers' caeca, which mainly consists of members from Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. Regardless, significant variations in the caecal bacterial composition were observed over time, probably due to succession as the broilers aged. This is the first reported study on the effect of MJ on the microbial diversity of broiler's caeca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooi Chia Tang
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chin Chin Sieo
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhani Abdullah
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chun Wie Chong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Han Ming Gan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Chean Yeah Yong
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yin Wan Ho
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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21
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Zhang L, Song X, Shao X, Wu Y, Zhang X, Wang S, Pan J, Hu S, Li Z. Lead immobilization assisted by fungal decomposition of organophosphate under various pH values. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13353. [PMID: 31527665 PMCID: PMC6746775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic phosphates (OP) account for approximately 30-90% of total soil P. However, it is too stable to be utilized by plants as available P source. Aspergillus niger (A. niger) has considerable ability to secret phytase to decompose OP. Meanwhile, mineralization of lead (Pb) is efficient to achieve its remediation. This study hence investigated Pb immobilization by A. niger assisted decomposition of OP under variable acidic environments. A. niger can survive in the acidic environment as low as pH = 1.5. However, alternation of environmental pH within 3.5-6.5 significantly changed fungal phytase secretion. In particular, weakly acidic stimulation (pH of ~5.5) increased phytase activity secreted by A. niger to 0.075 µmol/min/mL, hence elevating P release to a maximal concentration of ~20 mg/L. After Pb addition, ATR-IR and TEM results demonstrated the formation of abundant chloropyromorphite [Pb5(PO4)3Cl] mineral on the surface of mycelium at pH = 5.5. Anglesite, with a higher solubility than pyromorphite, was precipitated massively in other treatments with pH lower or higher than 5.5. This study elucidated the great potential of applying OP for Pb immobilization in contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xinwei Song
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yiling Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Shimei Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jianjun Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Shuijin Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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22
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Sarikhani MR, Malboobi MA, Aliasgharzad N, Greiner R. Identification of two novel bacterial phosphatase-encoding genes in Pseudomonas putida strain P13. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1113-1124. [PMID: 31287935 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Isolation and identification of genes encoding putative phosphatases from Pseudomonas putida strain P13 DSM 23335. METHODS AND RESULTS By functional screening of a P. putida P13 genomic library, a number of Pho+ clones were identified. Two genes were identified that encoded proteins exhibiting both phytase and sugar phosphatase activities. The proteins were 249 and 462 amino acids, with molecular masses of 26 and 50 kDa respectively. Sequence alignments revealed no significant similarities to representatives of known phosphatase or phytase gene families. However, the genes were found to have a high similarity to members of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS). Both genes were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and the corresponding partially purified recombinant enzymes were found to have significant phytate-dephosphorylating activity. The protein designated P. putida phytase 1 (Ppp1) displayed the highest activity among potential substrates studied on Na phytate, whereas Ppp2 more likely represents a sugar phosphatase than a phytase. The optimal conditions for phytate dephosphorylation were determined as 60°C and pH 4·5 (Ppp1) or pH 5·0 (Ppp2). CONCLUSIONS Two novel bacterial phosphatase-encoding genes, named ppp1 and ppp2, were isolated from P. putida P13 DSM 23335 by a functional screening procedure. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Phosphatase-encoding genes are of great importance for industrial applications, particularly in agriculture. The identified phosphatase genes represent a new class of acid phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Sarikhani
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M A Malboobi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Aliasgharzad
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - R Greiner
- Max Rubner-Institute, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
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23
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Herrmann KR, Ruff AJ, Infanzón B, Schwaneberg U. Engineered phytases for emerging biotechnological applications beyond animal feeding. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6435-6448. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09962-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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24
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Production of Fungal Phytases from Agroindustrial Byproducts for Pig Diets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9256. [PMID: 31239509 PMCID: PMC6592943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of phytases for animal feed in developing countries is limited due to the high cost of these enzymes, determined by the importation fees and the expensive substrates used for their production. In this work, we have used agroindustrial byproducts for the production of extracts containing phytases, which were accessed for their stability focusing on the conditions found in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. The fungus Acremonim zeae presented higher phytase production in medium containing cornmeal, while the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus produced 10-fold more phytase when cultivated on rice bran. Process optimization increased the difference in productivity to more than 300 fold. The phytase from A. zeae was thermostable, with higher activity at neutral pH and 50 °C, but was inhibited at pH 2.5 and by various ions. The phytase activity in the K. marxianus extract was stable at a wide range of conditions, which indicates the presence of at least two enzymes. As far as we know, this manuscript describes for the first time the phytase production and the characteristics of the extracts produced by both these microbial species. These enzymes could be produced at low cost and have potential to replace enzymes currently imported for this purpose.
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25
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de Oliveira Ornela PH, Souza Guimarães LH. Purification and characterization of an alkalistable phytase produced by Rhizopus microsporus var. microsporus in submerged fermentation. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Zhou S, Liu Z, Xie W, Yu Y, Ning C, Yuan M, Mou H. Improving catalytic efficiency and maximum activity at low pH of Aspergillus neoniger phytase using rational design. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:1117-1124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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A metabolomic approach to understand the solid-state fermentation of okara using Bacillus subtilis WX-17 for enhanced nutritional profile. AMB Express 2019; 9:60. [PMID: 31055712 PMCID: PMC6500514 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Okara is a major agro-waste produced from the soybean industry. To hydrolyze the okara and enable nutrient release, a strategy to valorize okara using solid-state fermentation with food grade Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) WX-17 was carried out. The study showed that fermentation of okara with B. subtilis WX-17 improved its overall nutritional content. The total amino acids content increased from 3.04 ± 0.14 mg/g in unfermented okara to 5.41 ± 1.21 mg/g in okara fermented with B. subtilis WX-17. Total fatty acids content increased from 153.04 ± 5.10 to 166.78 ± 2.41 mg/g okara, after fermentation. Antioxidant content (DPPH) also increased by 6.4 times after fermentation. To gain insight into the mechanism, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was carried out. In total, 49 metabolites were detected, which could be classified mainly into carbohydrates, TCA cycle metabolites, amino acids and fatty acids. The decrease in carbohydrate metabolites, showed that glycolysis was upregulated. This would have provided the energy and metabolic flux towards the amino acid and fatty acid pathway. This is also in line with the increased amino acids and fatty acid production seen in okara fermented with B. subtilis WX-17. The findings of this work demonstrated the potential of using B. subtilis WX-17 fermentation, to enhance the nutritional profile of okara. This could serve as a potential low-cost animal feed or incorporated into the human diet.
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28
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Wu G, Bazer FW. Application of new biotechnologies for improvements in swine nutrition and pork production. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:28. [PMID: 31019685 PMCID: PMC6474057 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meeting the increasing demands for high-quality pork protein requires not only improved diets but also biotechnology-based breeding to generate swine with desired production traits. Biotechnology can be classified as the cloning of animals with identical genetic composition or genetic engineering (via recombinant DNA technology and gene editing) to produce genetically modified animals or microorganisms. Cloning helps to conserve species and breeds, particularly those with excellent biological and economical traits. Recombinant DNA technology combines genetic materials from multiple sources into single cells to generate proteins. Gene (genome) editing involves the deletion, insertion or silencing of genes to produce: (a) genetically modified pigs with important production traits; or (b) microorganisms without an ability to resist antimicrobial substances. Current gene-editing tools include the use of zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN), or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated nuclease-9 (CRISPR/Cas9) as editors. ZFN, TALEN, or CRISPR/Cas9 components are delivered into target cells through transfection (lipid-based agents, electroporation, nucleofection, or microinjection) or bacteriophages, depending on cell type and plasmid. Compared to the ZFN and TALEN, CRISPR/Cas9 offers greater ease of design and greater flexibility in genetic engineering, but has a higher frequency of off-target effects. To date, genetically modified pigs have been generated to express bovine growth hormone, bacterial phytase, fungal carbohydrases, plant and C. elagan fatty acid desaturases, and uncoupling protein-1; and to lack myostatin, α-1,3-galactosyltransferase, or CD163 (a cellular receptor for the "blue ear disease" virus). Biotechnology holds promise in improving the efficiency of swine production and developing alternatives to antibiotics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471 USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science and Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471 USA
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29
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Song HY, El Sheikha AF, Hu DM. The positive impacts of microbial phytase on its nutritional applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Gupta S, Lee JJL, Chen WN. Analysis of Improved Nutritional Composition of Potential Functional Food (Okara) after Probiotic Solid-State Fermentation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5373-5381. [PMID: 29775057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Okara is a major agro-waste, generated as a byproduct from the soymilk and tofu industry. Since okara has a high nutritive value, reusing it as a substrate for solid state biofermentation is an economical and environmental friendly option. Rhizopus oligosporus and Lactobacillus plantarum were the probiotic FDA-approved food-grade cultures used in this study. The study revealed that biofermenting okara improves its nutritional composition. It was found that the metabolomic composition (by GC-MS analysis) and antioxidant activity (by DPPH test) improved after the microbial fermentations. Of the two, okara fermented with R. oligosporus showed better results. Further, the metabolites were traced back to their respective biosynthesis pathways, in order to understand the biochemical reactions being triggered during the fermentation processes. The findings of this entire work open up the possibility of employing fermented okara as a potential functional food for animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Gupta
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute , Nanyang Technological University , 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, No. 06-08 , Singapore 637141 , Singapore
| | - Jaslyn J L Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 62 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637459 , Singapore
| | - Wei Ning Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 62 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637459 , Singapore
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Extracellular Phytase Production by the Wine Yeast S. cerevisiae (Finarome Strain) during Submerged Fermentation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040848. [PMID: 29642482 PMCID: PMC6017649 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key steps in the production of phytases of microbial origin is selection of culture parameters, followed by isolation of the enzyme and evaluation of its catalytic activity. It was found that conditions for S. cerevisiae yeast culture, strain Finarome, giving the reduction in phytic acid concentration of more than 98% within 24 h of incubation were as follows: pH 5.5, 32 °C, continuous stirring at 80 rpm, the use of mannose as a carbon source and aspartic acid as a source of nitrogen. The highest catalytic activity of the isolated phytase was observed at 37 °C, pH 4.0 and using phytate as substrate at concentration of 5.0 mM. The presence of ethanol in the medium at a concentration of 12% v/v reduces the catalytic activity to above 60%. Properties of phytase derived from S. cerevisiae yeast culture, strain Finarome, indicate the possibility of its application in the form of a cell’s free crude protein isolate for the hydrolysis of phytic acid to improve the efficiency of alcoholic fermentation processes. Our results also suggest a possibility to use the strain under study to obtain a fusant derived with specialized distillery strains, capable of carrying out a highly efficient fermentation process combined with the utilization of phytates.
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Sharma R, Kumar P, Kaushal V, Das R, Kumar Navani N. A novel protein tyrosine phosphatase like phytase from Lactobacillus fermentum NKN51: Cloning, characterization and application in mineral release for food technology applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 249:1000-1008. [PMID: 29145111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel protein tyrosine phosphatase like phytase (PTPLP), designated as PhyLf from probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus fermentum NKN51 was identified, cloned, expressed and characterized. The recombinant PhyLf showed specific activity of 174.5 U/mg. PhyLf exhibited strict specificity towards phytate and optimum temperature at 60 °C, pH 5.0 and ionic strength of 100 mM. Km and Kcat of PhyLf for phytate were 0.773 mM and 84.31 s-1, respectively. PhyLf exhibited high resistance against oxidative inactivation. PhyLf shares no homology, sans the active site with reported PTLPs, warranting classification as a new subclass. Dephytinization of durum wheat and finger millet under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions using PhyLf enhanced the bioaccessibility of mineral ions. Probiotic origin, phytate specificity, resistance to oxidative environment and gastric milieu coupled with ability to release micronutrients are unique properties of PhyLf which present a strong case for its use in ameliorating nutritional value of cereals and animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Vandana Kaushal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Rahul Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata 741246, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Navani
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
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Demir Y, Şenol Kotan M, Dikbaş N, Beydemir Ş. Phytase from Weissella halotolerans: purification, partial characterisation and the effect of some metals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1368547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Merve Şenol Kotan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Dikbaş
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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"In Silico" Characterization of 3-Phytase A and 3-Phytase B from Aspergillus niger. Enzyme Res 2017; 2017:9746191. [PMID: 29348934 PMCID: PMC5733987 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9746191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytases are used for feeding monogastric animals, because they hydrolyze phytic acid generating inorganic phosphate. Aspergillus niger 3-phytase A (PDB: 3K4Q) and 3-phytase B (PDB: 1QFX) were characterized using bioinformatic tools. Results showed that both enzymes have highly conserved catalytic pockets, supporting their classification as histidine acid phosphatases. 2D structures consist of 43% alpha-helix, 12% beta-sheet, and 45% others and 38% alpha-helix, 12% beta-sheet, and 50% others, respectively, and pI 4.94 and 4.60, aliphatic index 72.25 and 70.26 and average hydrophobicity of -0,304 and -0.330, respectively, suggesting aqueous media interaction. Glycosylation and glycation sites allowed detecting zones that can affect folding and biological activity, suggesting fragmentation. Docking showed that H59 and H63 act as nucleophiles and that D339 and D319 are proton donor residues. MW of 3K4Q (48.84 kDa) and 1QFX (50.78 kDa) is similar; 1QFX forms homodimers which will originate homotetramers with several catalytic center accessible to the ligand. 3K4Q is less stable (instability index 45.41) than 1QFX (instability index 33.66), but the estimated lifespan for 3K4Q is superior. Van der Waals interactions generate hydrogen bonds between the active center and O2 or H of the phytic acid phosphate groups, providing greater stability to these temporal molecular interactions.
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Balwani I, Chakravarty K, Gaur S. Role of phytase producing microorganisms towards agricultural sustainability. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Marine microbes as a valuable resource for brand new industrial biocatalysts. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bandyopadhyay D, Das K, Sen SK. Purification of thermo and acid tolerant extracellular phytase from a new soil isolate of Amycolatopsis vancoresmycina S-12. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Londoño-Hernández L, Ramírez-Toro C, Ruiz HA, Ascacio-Valdés JA, Aguilar-Gonzalez MA, Rodríguez-Herrera R, Aguilar CN. Rhizopus oryzae - Ancient microbial resource with importance in modern food industry. Int J Food Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28651077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are microorganisms widely known for their diverse biochemical features. Fungi can efficiently invade a wide variety of substrates under operational conditions producing numerous bioproducts of interest, such as enzymes, organic acids, aromatic compounds and colorants. An additional interesting characteristic of some fungi is their safety classification for different uses, which guarantees that the bioproducts obtained from them do not contain any toxic component deleterious to humans. Rhizopus oryzae is among this group of fungi and is classified as a GRAS filamentous fungus, commonly used for production of some oriental traditional foods. It is mainly recognized as a good producer of lactic acid; however, its potential for other biotechnological processes is under study. This review analyzes and discusses the current scientific and technical contributions which may maximize the potential of R. oryzae as a producer of different compounds of industrial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Londoño-Hernández
- Food Research Dept. School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Cristina Ramírez-Toro
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Food Engineering, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Héctor A Ruiz
- Food Research Dept. School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Juan A Ascacio-Valdés
- Food Research Dept. School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Aguilar-Gonzalez
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Saltillo, Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera
- Food Research Dept. School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Cristóbal N Aguilar
- Food Research Dept. School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico.
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Sirin Y, Akatin MY, Colak A, Saglam Ertunga N. Dephytinization of food stuffs by phytase of Geobacillus sp. TF16 immobilized in chitosan and calcium-alginate. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1261151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yakup Sirin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Colak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Nagihan Saglam Ertunga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Molecular advancements in the development of thermostable phytases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:2677-2689. [PMID: 28233043 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of phytic acid in 1903 and phytase in 1907, extensive research has been carried out in the field of phytases, the phytic acid degradatory enzymes. Apart from forming backbone enzyme in the multimillion dollar-based feed industry, phytases extend a multifaceted role in animal nutrition, industries, human physiology, and agriculture. The utilization of phytases in industries is not effectively achieved most often due to the loss of its activity at high temperatures. The growing demand of thermostable phytases with high residual activity could be addressed by the combinatorial use of efficient phytase sources, protein engineering techniques, heterologous expression hosts, or thermoprotective coatings. The progress in phytase research can contribute to its economized production with a simultaneous reduction of various environmental problems such as eutrophication, greenhouse gas emission, and global warming. In the current review, we address the recent advances in the field of various natural as well as recombinant thermotolerant phytases, their significance, and the factors contributing to their thermotolerance.
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41
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Kannoju B, Ganapathiwar S, Nunavath H, Sunkar B, Bhukya B. Plausible exploitation of Jatropha de-oiled seed cake for lipase and phytase production and simultaneous detoxification by Candida parapsilosis isolated from poultry garbage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 225:215-224. [PMID: 27894040 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha de-oiled seed cake was explored to utilize as a basic nutrient source for Candida parapsilosis, isolated from poultry garbage and selected based on the production of lipase and phytase enzymes under submerged fermentation. At optimized parameters under solid-state fermentation, lipase and phytase activities were recorded as 1056.66±2.92 and 833±2.5U/g of substrate (U/g), respectively. Besides enzyme production, complete elimination of phorbol esters and significant phytate reduction from 6.51±0.01 to 0.43±0.01g/100g of seed cake were noted after 3days incubation. Curcin and trypsin inhibition activity were reduced significantly from 26.33±0.43 to 0.56±0.02mg/100g and 229.33±2.02 to 11.66±0.28U/g, respectively after 5days incubation. Saponins were reduced from 5.56±0.19 to 1.95±0.01g/100g of seed cake after 7days incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishna Kannoju
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Swaruparani Ganapathiwar
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Hanumalal Nunavath
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Bindu Sunkar
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Bhima Bhukya
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India.
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42
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Sahoo DK, Thatoi HN, Mitra B, Mondal KC, Das Mohapatra PK. Advances in Microbial Keratinase and Its Potential Applications. Microb Biotechnol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6847-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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43
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Buddhiwant P, Bhavsar K, Kumar VR, Khire JM. Phytase production by solid-state fermentation of groundnut oil cake by Aspergillus niger: A bioprocess optimization study for animal feedstock applications. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 46:531-8. [PMID: 26176365 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1045606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This investigation deals with the use of agro-industrial waste, namely groundnut oil cake (GOC), for phytase production by the fungi Aspergillus niger NCIM 563. Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was used to evaluate the effect of 11 process variables and studies here showed that phytase production was significantly influenced by glucose, dextrin, distilled water, and MgSO4 · 7H2O. The use of response surface methodology (RSM) by Box-Behnken design (BBD) of experiments further enhanced the production by a remarkable 36.67-fold from the original finding of 15 IU/gds (grams of dry substrate) to 550 IU/gds. This is the highest solid-state fermentation (SSF) phytase production reported when compared to other microorganisms and in fact betters the best known by a factor of 2. Experiments carried out using dried fermented koji for phosphorus and mineral release and also thermal stability have shown the phytase to be as efficient as the liquid enzyme extract. Also, the enzyme, while exhibiting optimal activity under acidic conditions, was found to have significant activity in a broad range of pH values (1.5-6.5). The studies suggest the suitability of the koji supplemented with phytase produced in an SSF process by the "generally regarded as safe" (GRAS) microorganism A. niger as a cost-effective value-added livestock feed when compared to that obtained by submerged fermentation (SmF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Buddhiwant
- a National Collection of Industrial Micro-organisms (NCIM) , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) , Pune , India
- b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) , Pune , India
| | - Kavita Bhavsar
- a National Collection of Industrial Micro-organisms (NCIM) , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) , Pune , India
| | - V Ravi Kumar
- b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) , Pune , India
- c Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) , Pune , India
| | - Jayant M Khire
- a National Collection of Industrial Micro-organisms (NCIM) , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) , Pune , India
- b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) , Pune , India
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Dokuzparmak E, Sirin Y, Cakmak U, Saglam Ertunga N. Purification and characterization of a novel thermostable phytase from the thermophilic Geobacillus sp. TF16. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1203930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Mikulski D, Kłosowski G. Evaluation of phytic acid utilization by S. cerevisiae strains used in fermentation processes and biomass production. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 57:87-91. [PMID: 27406571 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a well-studied yeast species used mainly in fermentation processes, bakery, and for SCP (Single Cell Protein) acquisition. The aim of the study was to analyze the possibility of phytic acid utilization as one of the hydrolysis processes carried out by yeast. The analysis of 30 yeast strains used in fermentation and for biomass production, that were grown in media containing phytic acid, revealed a high variability in the biomass production rate and the capability to hydrolyze phytates. No correlation between a high biomass concentration and a high level of phytate hydrolysis was found. Only four analyzed strains (Bayanus IOC Efficience, Sano, PINK EXCEL, FINAROME) were able to reduce the phytic acid concentration by more than 33.5%, from the initial concentration 103.0 ± 2.1 μg/ml to the level below 70 μg/ml. The presented results suggest that the selected wine and fodder yeast can be used as in situ source of phosphohydrolases in fermentation processes, and especially in the production of fodder proteins. However, further studies aimed at the optimization of growing parameters, such as the maximization of phytase secretion, and a comprehensive analysis of the catalytic activity of the isolated phosphohydrolases, are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Mikulski
- Department of Biotechnology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kłosowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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46
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Kalsi HK, Singh R, Dhaliwal HS, Kumar V. Phytases from Enterobacter and Serratia species with desirable characteristics for food and feed applications. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:64. [PMID: 28330134 PMCID: PMC4752950 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytases are enzymes of great industrial importance with wide range of applications in animal and human nutrition. These catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphomonoester bonds in phytate, thereby releasing lower forms of myo-inositol phosphates and inorganic phosphate. Addition of phytase to plant-based foods can improve its nutritional value and increase mineral bioavailability by decreasing nutritional effect of phytate. In the present investigation, 43 phytase positive bacteria on PSM plates were isolated from different sources and characterized for phytase activity. On the basis of phytase activity and zone of hydrolysis, two bacterial isolates (PSB-15 and PSB-45) were selected for further characterization studies, i.e., pH and temperature optima and stability, kinetic properties and effect of modulators. The phytases from both isolates were optimally active at the pH value from 3 to 8 and in the temperature range of 50-70 °C. Further, the stability of isolates was good in the pH range of 3.0-8.0. Much variation was observed in temperature and storage stability, responses of phytases to metal ions and modulators. The K m and V max values for PSB-15 phytase were 0.48 mM and 0.157 μM/min, while for PSB-45 these were 1.25 mM and 0.140 μM/min, respectively. Based on 16S rDNA gene sequence, the isolates were identified as Serratia sp. PSB-15 (GenBank Accession No. KR133277) and Enterobacter cloacae strain PSB-45 (GenBank Accession No. KR133282). The novel phytases from these isolates have multiple characteristics of high thermostability and good phytase activity at desirable range of pH and temperature for their efficient use in food and feed to facilitate hydrolysis of phytate-metal ion complex and in turn, increased bioavailability of important metal ions to monogastric animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur Kalsi
- Department of Biotechnology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, 173101, India
| | - Rajveer Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, 173101, India
| | - Harcharan Singh Dhaliwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, 173101, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, 173101, India.
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Bioprocess for efficient production of recombinant Pichia anomala phytase and its applicability in dephytinizing chick feed and whole wheat flat Indian breads. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 42:1389-400. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The phytase of the yeast Pichia anomala (PPHY) is a suitable biocatalyst as a food and feed additive because of its adequate thermostability, acid stability, protease insensitivity and broad substrate spectrum. The cell-bound nature and low phytase titres are the main bottlenecks for its utility in food and feed industries. In this investigation, we have overcome the problems by constitutive secretory expression of PPHY under glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP) promoter. A ~44-fold increase in rPPHY titre has been achieved after optimization of cultural variables by one-variable-at-a-time approach and two factorial statistical design. The use of GAP promoter makes the cultivation of the recombinant P. pastoris straight forward and eliminates the requirement of methanol for induction and hazards associated with its storage. Among metal-phytate complexes, Ca2+ phytate is hydrolyzed more efficiently by rPPHY than Co2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Fe3+ and Zn2+ phytates. The enzyme is effective in dephytinizing whole wheat unleavened flat Indian breads (naan and tandoori) and different broiler feeds, thus mitigating anti-nutritional effects of phytates.
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48
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Caputo L, Visconti A, De Angelis M. Selection and use of a Saccharomyces cerevisae strain to reduce phytate content of wholemeal flour during bread-making or under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus ginsengihumi Strain M2.11 with Phytase Activity. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/4/e00851-15. [PMID: 26272561 PMCID: PMC4536672 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00851-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This paper announces the genome sequence of Bacillus ginsengihumi strain M2.11, which has been characterized as a strain which produces the enzyme with the ability to degrade phytase. The genome of the strain M2.11 is 3.7 Mb and harbors 3,082 coding sequences.
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50
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Purification and Characterization of Extracellular Phytase from Bacillus licheniformis Isolated from Fish Gut. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-015-0571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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