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Ochiai H, Elouali S, Yamamoto T, Asai H, Noguchi M, Nishiuchi Y. Chemical and Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Peptide and Protein Therapeutics Conjugated with Human N-Glycans. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300692. [PMID: 38572578 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most ubiquitous post-translational modifications. It affects the structure and function of peptides/proteins and consequently has a significant impact on various biological events. However, the structural complexity and heterogeneity of glycopeptides/proteins caused by the diversity of glycan structures and glycosylation sites complicates the detailed elucidation of glycan function and hampers their clinical applications. To address these challenges, chemical and/or enzyme-assisted synthesis methods have been developed to realize glycopeptides/proteins with well-defined glycan morphologies. In particular, N-glycans are expected to be useful for improving the solubility, in vivo half-life and aggregation of bioactive peptides/proteins that have had limited clinical applications so far due to their short duration of action in the blood and unsuitable physicochemical properties. Chemical glycosylation performed in a post-synthetic procedure can be used to facilitate the development of glycopeptide/protein analogues or mimetics that are superior to the original molecules in terms of physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. N-glycans are used to modify targets because they are highly biodegradable and biocompatible and have structures that already exist in the human body. On the practical side, from a quality control perspective, close attention should be paid to their structural homogeneity when they are to be applied to pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Ochiai
- GlyTech, Inc., 134 Chudoji Minamimachi KRP #1-2F, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8813, Japan
| | - Sofia Elouali
- GlyTech, Inc., 134 Chudoji Minamimachi KRP #1-2F, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8813, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamamoto
- GlyTech, Inc., 134 Chudoji Minamimachi KRP #1-2F, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8813, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Asai
- GlyTech, Inc., 134 Chudoji Minamimachi KRP #1-2F, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8813, Japan
| | - Masato Noguchi
- GlyTech, Inc., 134 Chudoji Minamimachi KRP #1-2F, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8813, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishiuchi
- GlyTech, Inc., 134 Chudoji Minamimachi KRP #1-2F, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8813, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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Chao Q, Ding Y, Chen ZH, Xiang MH, Wang N, Gao XD. Recent Progress in Chemo-Enzymatic Methods for the Synthesis of N-Glycans. Front Chem 2020; 8:513. [PMID: 32612979 PMCID: PMC7309569 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation is one of the most common co- and post-translational modifications of both intra- and extracellularly distributing proteins, which directly affects their biological functions, such as protein folding, stability and intercellular traffic. Production of the structural well-defined homogeneous N-glycans contributes to comprehensive investigation of their biological roles and molecular basis. Among the various methods, chemo-enzymatic approach serves as an alternative to chemical synthesis, providing high stereoselectivity and economic efficiency. This review summarizes some recent advances in the chemo-enzymatic methods for the production of N-glycans, including the preparation of substrates and sugar donors, and the progress in the glycosyltransferases characterization which leads to the diversity of N-glycan synthesis. We discuss the bottle-neck and new opportunities in exploiting the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of N-glycans based on our research experiences. In addition, downstream applications of the constructed N-glycans, such as automation devices and homogeneous glycoproteins synthesis are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most prevalent posttranslational modifications that profoundly affects the structure and functions of proteins in a wide variety of biological recognition events. However, the structural complexity and heterogeneity of glycoproteins, usually resulting from the variations of glycan components and/or the sites of glycosylation, often complicates detailed structure-function relationship studies and hampers the therapeutic applications of glycoproteins. To address these challenges, various chemical and biological strategies have been developed for producing glycan-defined homogeneous glycoproteins. This review highlights recent advances in the development of chemoenzymatic methods for synthesizing homogeneous glycoproteins, including the generation of various glycosynthases for synthetic purposes, endoglycosidase-catalyzed glycoprotein synthesis and glycan remodeling, and direct enzymatic glycosylation of polypeptides and proteins. The scope, limitation, and future directions of each method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Fairbanks AJ. The ENGases: versatile biocatalysts for the production of homogeneous N-linked glycopeptides and glycoproteins. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:5128-5146. [PMID: 28681051 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00897f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases (ENGases) are an enzyme class (EC 3.2.1.96) produced by a range of organisms, ranging from bacteria, through fungi, to higher order species, including humans, comprising two-sub families of glycosidases which all cleave the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans. Synthetic applications of these enzymes, i.e. to catalyse the reverse of their natural hydrolytic mode of action, allow the attachment of N-glycans to a wide variety of substrates which contain an N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residue to act as an 'acceptor' handle. The use of N-glycan oxazolines, high energy intermediates on the hydrolytic pathway, as activated donors allows their high yielding attachment to almost any amino acid, peptide or protein that contains a GlcNAc residue as an acceptor. The synthetic effectiveness of these biocatalysts has been significantly increased by the production of mutant glycosynthases; enzymes which can still catalyse synthetic processes using oxazolines as donors, but which do not hydrolyse the reaction products. ENGase biocatalysts are now finding burgeoning application for the production of biologically active glycopeptides and glycoproteins, including therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for which the oligosaccharides have been remodelled to optimise effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony J Fairbanks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
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Ishii N, Ogiwara K, Sano K, Kumada J, Yamamoto K, Matsuzaki Y, Matsuo I. Specificity of Donor Structures for endo-β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase-Catalyzed Transglycosylation Reactions. Chembiochem 2017; 19:136-141. [PMID: 29125207 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To demonstrate the structural specificity of the glycosyl donor for the transglycosylation reaction by using endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Mucor hiemalis (endo-M), a series of tetrasaccharide oxazoline derivatives was synthesized. These derivatives correspond to the core structure of an asparagine-linked glycoprotein glycan with a β-mannose unit of a non-natural-type monosaccharide, including β-glucose, β-galactose, and β-talose in place of the β-mannose moiety. The transglycosylation activity of wildtype (WT) endo-M and two mutants, N175Q and N175A, was examined by using these tetrasaccharide donors with p-nitrophenyl N-acetylglucosaminide (GlcNAc-pNp). The essential configuration of the hydroxy group for the transglycosylation reaction was determined. On the basis of these results, the transglycosylation reaction was investigated by using chemically modified donors, and transglycosylated products were successfully obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Ishii
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kyryu Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ken Ogiwara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kyryu Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Kanae Sano
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kyryu Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Jyunichi Kumada
- Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 6-15-9 Toshima, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0003, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamamoto
- Research Institute of Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsuzaki
- Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 6-15-9 Toshima, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0003, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kyryu Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
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Higashiyama T, Umekawa M, Nagao M, Katoh T, Ashida H, Yamamoto K. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of the glucagon containing N-linked oligosaccharide and its characterization. Carbohydr Res 2017; 455:92-96. [PMID: 29175660 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemo-enzymatic synthesis of an artificially N-glycosylated derivative of glucagon, a peptide hormone that regulates the blood sugar level, is described. We synthesized the glycosylated glucagon by chemical synthesis of an N-acetylglucosaminyl peptide and enzymatic transfer of an oligosaccharide using the transglycosylation activity of the glycosynthase-like mutant of Mucor hiemalis endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (Endo-M) and sialo-oligosaccharide oxazoline as a donor substrate. The sialo-oligosaccharide-attached glucagon synthesized showed high resistance against protease degradation and stimulated the release of glucose from mouse hepatocytes when added to cells. The synthetic glucagon showed slightly higher activity than native glucagon and has potential as a therapeutic agent for treating diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Higashiyama
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Midori Umekawa
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masaya Nagao
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Katoh
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoich, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ashida
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamamoto
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoich, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan.
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Chuh KN, Batt AR, Pratt MR. Chemical Methods for Encoding and Decoding of Posttranslational Modifications. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:86-107. [PMID: 26933738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A large array of posttranslational modifications can dramatically change the properties of proteins and influence different aspects of their biological function such as enzymatic activity, binding interactions, and proteostasis. Despite the significant knowledge that has been gained about the function of posttranslational modifications using traditional biological techniques, the analysis of the site-specific effects of a particular modification, the identification of the full complement of modified proteins in the proteome, and the detection of new types of modifications remains challenging. Over the years, chemical methods have contributed significantly in both of these areas of research. This review highlights several posttranslational modifications where chemistry-based approaches have made significant contributions to our ability to both prepare homogeneously modified proteins and identify and characterize particular modifications in complex biological settings. As the number and chemical diversity of documented posttranslational modifications continues to rise, we believe that chemical strategies will be essential to advance the field in years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Chuh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Anna R Batt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Matthew R Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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McIntosh JD, Brimble MA, Brooks AES, Dunbar PR, Kowalczyk R, Tomabechi Y, Fairbanks AJ. Convergent chemo-enzymatic synthesis of mannosylated glycopeptides; targeting of putative vaccine candidates to antigen presenting cells. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4636-4642. [PMID: 28717478 PMCID: PMC5500846 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00952a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of solid phase peptide synthesis and endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) catalysed glycosylation is a powerful convergent synthetic method allowing access to glycopeptides bearing full-length N-glycan structures. Mannose-terminated N-glycan oligosaccharides, produced by either total or semi-synthesis, were converted into oxazoline donor substrates. A peptide from the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) tegument protein pp65 that incorporates a well-characterised T cell epitope, containing N-acetylglucosamine at specific Asn residues, was accessed by solid phase peptide synthesis, and used as an acceptor substrate. High-yielding enzymatic glycosylation afforded glycopeptides bearing defined homogeneous high-mannose N-glycan structures. These high-mannose containing glycopeptides were tested for enhanced targeting to human antigen presenting cells (APCs), putatively mediated via the mannose receptor, and for processing by the APCs for presentation to human CD8+ T cells specific for a 9-mer epitope within the peptide. Binding assays showed increased binding of glycopeptides to APCs compared to the non-glycosylated control. Glycopeptides bearing high-mannose N-glycan structures at a single site outside the T cell epitope were processed and presented by the APCs to allow activation of a T cell clone. However, the addition of a second glycan within the T cell epitope resulted in ablation of T cell activation. We conclude that chemo-enzymatic synthesis of mannosylated glycopeptides enhances uptake by human APCs while preserving the immunogenicity of peptide epitopes within the glycopeptides, provided those epitopes are not themselves glycosylated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie D McIntosh
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , 23 Symonds St , Auckland , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Anna E S Brooks
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - P Rod Dunbar
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Renata Kowalczyk
- School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , 23 Symonds St , Auckland , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Yusuke Tomabechi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Canterbury , Private Bag 4800 , Christchurch , 8140 , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Antony J Fairbanks
- Department of Chemistry , University of Canterbury , Private Bag 4800 , Christchurch , 8140 , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
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9
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Tomabechi Y, Squire MA, Fairbanks AJ. Endo-β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase catalysed glycosylation: tolerance of enzymes to structural variation of the glycosyl amino acid acceptor. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:942-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42104j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Abstract
The synthetic application of endohexosaminidase enzymes (e.g., Endo A, Endo M, Endo D) promises to allow ready access to a wide variety of defined homogeneous glycoproteins and glycopeptides. The use ofN-glycan oligosaccharides that are activated at the reducing terminus as oxazolines allows their high-yielding attachment to almost any amino acid, peptide, or protein that contains a GlcNAc residue as an acceptor. A wide variety of oxazoline donors are readily available, either by total synthesis or by isolation of the corresponding oligosaccharide from natural sources and then conversion to the oxazoline in water. The synthetic potential of the enzymes is particularly augmented by the production of mutant glycosynthases, the use of which allows the synthesis of a wide variety of glycopeptides and glycoproteins bearing defined homogeneousN-glycan structures.
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12
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Biological analysis of the microbial metabolism of hetero-oligosaccharides in application to glycotechnology. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:1815-27. [PMID: 23047108 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the relationship between hetero-oligosaccharides and microorganisms. It is possible to prepare aminosugar nucleotides as donors for hetero-oligosaccharide synthesis with a combination of yeast fermentation and bacterial enzymes, and to use the product to test for a rare human blood group. We have isolated various glycosidases produced by microorganisms, mainly from soil, to elucidate the structure and function of hetero-oligosaccharides. Among them, a mold endoglycosidase was found to have specific transglycosylation activity in addition to hydrolysis activity, and we have used it to synthesize chemo-enzymatically various bioactive glycopeptides by the attachment of a hetero-oligosaccharide to a peptide. We found that lactic acid bacteria bound to a hetero-oligosaccharide on the intestinal tract cell surface in animals. We also analyzed the bifidobacterial hetero-oligosaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes involved in the degradation of mucin glycoprotein in the host intestinal tract and human milk oligosaccharides, and identified a specific saccharide that acted as a bifidobacteria growth factor.
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Hagiwara M, Dohi M, Nakahara Y, Komatsu K, Asahina Y, Ueki A, Hojo H, Nakahara Y, Ito Y. Synthesis of Biantennary Complex-Type Nonasaccharyl Asn Building Blocks for Solid-Phase Glycopeptide Synthesis. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5229-39. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200149d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Hagiwara
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Mizuki Dohi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakahara
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
- RIKEN, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keiko Komatsu
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Yuya Asahina
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Akiharu Ueki
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hojo
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakahara
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- RIKEN, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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14
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Fairbanks AJ. Endohexosaminidase catalysed glycosylation with oxazoline donors: The development of robust biocatalytic methods for synthesis of defined homogeneous glycoconjugates. CR CHIM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2010.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Huang W, Wang D, Yamada M, Wang LX. Chemoenzymatic synthesis and lectin array characterization of a class of N-glycan clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:17963-71. [PMID: 19916512 DOI: 10.1021/ja9078539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
N-Glycans are major components of many glycoproteins. These sugar moieties are frequently involved in important physiological and disease processes via their interactions with a variety of glycan-binding proteins (GBP). Clustering effect is an important feature in many glycan-lectin interactions. We describe in this paper a chemoenzymatic synthesis of novel N-glycan clusters using a tandem endoglycosidase-catalyzed transglycosylation. It was found that the internal beta-1,2-linked GlcNAc moieties in the N-glycan core, once exposed in the nonreducing terminus, was able to serve as acceptors for transglycosylation catalyzed by Endo-A and EndoM-N175A. This efficient chemoenzymatic method allows a quick extension of the sugar chains to form a class of glycan clusters in which sugar residues are all connected by native glycosidic linkages found in natural N-glycans. In addition, a discriminative enzymatic reaction at the two GlcNAc residues could be fulfilled to afford novel hybrid clusters. Lectin microarray studies revealed unusual properties in glyco-epitope expression by this panel of structurally well-defined synthetic N-glycans. These new compounds are likely valuable for functional glycomics studies to unveil new functions of both glycans and carbohydrate-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Abstract
In this account, we describe the results of a research program directed to the proposition that chemical synthesis can play a valuable role in identifying biologic level molecules worthy of pharma level development. We recount our journey towards the chemical synthesis of homogeneous erythropoietin, the challenges we encountered, and our efforts to address deficiencies in the current "state of the art" of glycopeptide synthesis. Here we describe new methods for the synthesis of glycopeptides that have emerged from the erythropoietin adventure, including the development of unique C-terminal acyl donors, novel amide bond forming methods, and new ligation and coupling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Kan
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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17
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Reaction of N-Fmoc aspartic anhydride with glycosylamines: a simple entry to N-glycosyl asparagines. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Heidecke CD, Parsons TB, Fairbanks AJ. Endohexosaminidase-catalysed glycosylation with oxazoline donors: effects of organic co-solvent and pH on reactions catalysed by Endo A and Endo M. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:2433-8. [PMID: 19889401 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic efficiency of endohexosaminidase-catalysed glycosylation reactions using N-glycan oxazolines as donors was investigated as two reaction parameters were varied. Both the addition of quantities of an organic co-solvent and modulation of reaction pH between 6.5 and 8.0 were found to have different effects on reactions catalysed by either Endo A (and two available mutants) or Endo M, indicating subtle differences between these two family GH85 enzymes. Fine tuning of reaction pH, or the addition of quantities of an organic co-solvent, resulted in beneficial increases in achievable synthetic efficiency by effecting a reduction in the rate of competitive hydrolytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph D Heidecke
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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Fujita K, Yamamoto K. A remodeling system for the oligosaccharide chains on glycoproteins with microbial endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1760:1631-5. [PMID: 17049165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Revised: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Endo-M, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Mucor hiemalis, transferred the complex type oligosaccharide of sialoglycopeptide to partially deglycosylated proteins (N-acetylglucosamine-attached proteins), which were prepared by excluding high-mannose type oligosaccharides from glycoproteins with Endo-H, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Streptomyces plicatus. This finding indicated that the high-mannose type oligosaccharides on glycoproteins can be changed to complex type ones by the transglycosylation activity of Endo-M. This is the first report of the establishment of a remodeling system for the different types of oligosaccharides on glycoproteins with microbial endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases having different substrate specificities. Endo-M is a powerful tool for the in vitro synthesis of glycoproteins containing complex type oligosaccharides from glycoproteins produced by yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Fujita
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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20
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Makimura Y, Watanabe S, Suzuki T, Suzuki Y, Ishida H, Kiso M, Katayama T, Kumagai H, Yamamoto K. Chemoenzymatic synthesis and application of a sialoglycopolymer with a chitosan backbone as a potent inhibitor of human influenza virus hemagglutination. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:1803-8. [PMID: 16716273 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Revised: 03/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sialoglycopeptide (SGP) is referred as the glycopeptide in hen's egg yolk, which has an N-linked, complex-type, disialyl biantennary oligosaccharide with an alpha-(2-->6)-sialyl N-acetyllactosamine residue. The residue is known as a binding ligand of type-A human influenza virus hemagglutinin. We describe herein a simple synthesis of a sialoglycopolymer with a chitosan backbone as a potent inhibitor of human influenza virus hemagglutination that makes use of the natural source ingredient, SGP, and the transglycosylation activity of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Mucor hiemalis (Endo-M). Its inhibitiory activity for influenza virus hemagglutination is 40 times higher than that of SGP, and its competitive inhibition is determined to be over 300 times higher than that of fetuin. These results indicate that a sialoglycopolymer having a multivalent sialo-oligosaccharide could potentially be used for the prevention of influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Makimura
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan
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21
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update covering the period 1999-2000. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2006; 25:595-662. [PMID: 16642463 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and continues coverage of the field from the previous review published in 1999 (D. J. Harvey, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of carbohydrates, 1999, Mass Spectrom Rev, 18:349-451) for the period 1999-2000. As MALDI mass spectrometry is acquiring the status of a mature technique in this field, there has been a greater emphasis on applications rather than to method development as opposed to the previous review. The present review covers applications to plant-derived carbohydrates, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, mucins, glycosaminoglycans, bacterial glycolipids, glycosphingolipids, glycoglycerolipids and related compounds, and glycosides. Applications of MALDI mass spectrometry to the study of enzymes acting on carbohydrates (glycosyltransferases and glycosidases) and to the synthesis of carbohydrates, are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.
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22
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Haneda K, Takeuchi M, Tagashira M, Inazu T, Toma K, Isogai Y, Hori M, Kobayashi K, Takeuchi M, Takegawa K, Yamamoto K. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of eel calcitonin glycosylated at two sites with the same and different carbohydrate structures. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:181-90. [PMID: 16343462 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Revised: 11/16/2005] [Accepted: 11/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring glycopeptides and glycoproteins usually contain more than one glycosylation site, and the structure of the carbohydrate attached is often different from site to site. Therefore, synthetic methods for preparing peptides and proteins that are glycosylated at multiple sites, possibly with different carbohydrate structures, are needed. Here, we report a chemo-enzymatic approach for accomplishing this. Complex-type oligosaccharides were introduced to the calcitonin derivatives that contained two N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residues at different sites by treatment with Mucor hiemalis endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Using this enzymatic transglycosylation reaction, three glycopeptides were produced, a calcitonin derivative with the same complex-type carbohydrate at two sites, and two calcitonin derivatives each with one complex-type carbohydrate and one GlcNAc. Starting from the derivatives with one complex-type carbohydrate and one GlcNAc, a high-mannose-type oligosaccharide was successfully transferred to the remaining GlcNAc using another endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Arthrobacter protophormiae. Thus, we were able to obtain glycopeptides containing not only two complex-type carbohydrates, but also both complex and high-mannose-type oligosaccharides in a single molecule. Using the resultant glycosylated calcitonin derivatives, the effects of di-N-glycosylation on the structure and the activity of calcitonin were studied. The effect appeared to be predictable from the results of mono-N-glycosylated calcitonin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuji Haneda
- The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
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23
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Yamanoi T, Yoshida N, Oda Y, Akaike E, Tsutsumida M, Kobayashi N, Osumi K, Yamamoto K, Fujita K, Takahashi K, Hattori K. Synthesis of mono-glucose-branched cyclodextrins with a high inclusion ability for doxorubicin and their efficient glycosylation using Mucor hiemalis endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1009-13. [PMID: 15686902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2004] [Revised: 12/13/2004] [Accepted: 12/14/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The mono-glucose-branched cyclodextrins having an appropriate spacer between the beta-cyclodextrin and a glucose moiety were synthesized from beta-cyclodextrin and arbutin. They had the significantly high association constants for doxorubicin, the anticancer agent, in the range of 10(5)-10(6)M(-1), and worked as highly reactive glycosyl acceptors for the transglycosylation reaction by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase of Mucor hiemalis to produce sialo-complex type oligosaccharide-branched cyclodextrins in the high yields of 65-67%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamanoi
- The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan.
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24
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Saskiawan I, Mizuno M, Inazu T, Haneda K, Kumagai H, Yamamoto K. Enhancement of bioactivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating factor by attachment of sugar moiety to glutamine residue. J Biotechnol 2005; 114:299-306. [PMID: 15522439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2004] [Revised: 06/28/2004] [Accepted: 07/07/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We prepared yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating factor, a 13-amino acid pheromone produced by haploid alpha-cells, bound with glucose or N-acetylglucosamine at the fifth glutamine residue from the N-terminal by the chemical method of peptide synthesis. It was found that the bioactivity of glucosyl alpha-mating factor was higher than that of native alpha-mating factor. However, it was slightly lower than that of N-acetylglucosaminyl alpha-mating factor. This suggested that the N-acetylamino residue might play some important role in the enhancement of the bioactivity of alpha-mating factor. However, CD spectra analysis of alpha-mating factor and its derivatives demonstrated that their structures were almost identical. On the other hand, we attached a sialo complex type oligosaccharide to N-acetylglucosamine or its glucose residue by means of the transglycosylation activity of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Mucor hiemalis (Endo-M). The attachment of the oligosaccharide to both alpha-mating factors reduced their activities. However, enzymatical trimming of the sialo complex type oligosaccharide recovered its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwan Saskiawan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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25
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26
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Fujita K, Kobayashi K, Iwamatsu A, Takeuchi M, Kumagai H, Yamamoto K. Molecular cloning of Mucor hiemalis endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and some properties of the recombinant enzyme. Arch Biochem Biophys 2004; 432:41-9. [PMID: 15519295 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2004.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2004] [Revised: 09/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Endo-M, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Mucor hiemalis, is known as a useful enzyme for the synthesis of neoglycopeptides due to its transglycosylation activity. We cloned the Endo-M gene encoding a putative 744 amino acids, which shows high identity to glycoside hydrolase family 85 endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases. The gene encoding Endo-M was expressed in protease-deficient Candida boidinii with a molecular mass of 85 kDa as a monomeric form. Recombinant Endo-M could liberate both high-mannose type and biantennary complex type oligosaccharides from glycopeptides, which was same as the native enzyme. The Km and Kcat values for DNS-Man6GlcNAc2Asn were 0.51 mM and 8.25 s(-1), respectively. Recombinant Endo-M also exhibited transglycosylation activity toward high-mannose type and biantennary complex type oligosaccharides, which were transferred to alcohols, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and glycosides. To investigate about the catalytically essential amino acids of Endo-M, site-directed mutagenesis was performed, and it was found that mutants E177G and E177Q completely abolished the hydrolytic activity and W228R partially abolished the transglycosylation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Fujita
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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27
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Osumi K, Makino Y, Akaike E, Yamanoi T, Mizuno M, Noguchi M, Inazu T, Yamamoto K, Fujita K. Mucor hiemalis endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase can transglycosylate a bisecting hybrid-type oligosaccharide from an ovalbumin glycopeptide. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:2633-5. [PMID: 15476727 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We found that the recombinant endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase of Mucor hiemalis (Endo-M) expressed in Candida boidinii had the transglycosylation activity of transferring a bisecting hybrid-type oligosaccharide from an ovalbumin glycopeptide to the acceptor (p-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside) in a good yield of 43%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Osumi
- The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
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28
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Yamanoi T, Tsutsumida M, Oda Y, Akaike E, Osumi K, Yamamoto K, Fujita K. Transglycosylation reaction of Mucor hiemalis endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase using sugar derivatives modified at C-1 or C-2 as oligosaccharide acceptors. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:1403-6. [PMID: 15113683 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2003] [Accepted: 01/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the transglycosylation reaction of the recombinant endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Mucor hiemalis (Endo-M) expressed in Candida boidinii using such sugar derivatives as N-acylated d-glucosamines, C-glucosyl derivatives, and a 2-O-glycosylated disaccharide as acceptors. We found that a variety of sugar derivatives modified at C-1 or C-2 could be used as acceptors for transglycosylation by Endo-M to create novel oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamanoi
- The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan.
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29
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Akaike E, Tsutsumida M, Osumi K, Fujita M, Yamanoi T, Yamamoto K, Fujita K. High efficiency of transferring a native sugar chain from a glycopeptide by a microbial endoglycosidase in organic solvents. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:719-22. [PMID: 15013411 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2003] [Accepted: 12/08/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined the transglycosylation reaction by the recombinant endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Mucor hiemalis (Endo-M) expressed in Candida boidinii in media containing organic solvents. The recombinant Endo-M could transglycosylate a disialo biantennary complex-type oligosaccharide from hen egg yolk glycopeptide to p-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide even in the presence of 30% acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, or methanol. The yield of the transglycosylation product reached 21-34% of the total amount of acceptor, while the yield was only about 14% in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Akaike
- The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
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30
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Total chemical synthesis of large CCK isoforms using a thioester segment condensation approach. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Takegawa K, Fan JQ. Enzymatic synthesis of neoglycoconjugates by transglycosylation with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase A. Methods Enzymol 2003; 362:64-74. [PMID: 12968357 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(03)01006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Takegawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Kagawa University, Mikicho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
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32
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Grogan MJ, Pratt MR, Marcaurelle LA, Bertozzi CR. Homogeneous glycopeptides and glycoproteins for biological investigation. Annu Rev Biochem 2002; 71:593-634. [PMID: 12045107 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is widely recognized as a modulator of protein structure, localization, and cell-cell recognition in multicellular systems. Glycoproteins are typically expressed as mixtures of glycoforms, their oligosaccharides being generated by a template-independent biosynthetic process. Investigation of their function has been greatly assisted by sources of homogeneous material. This review summarizes current efforts to obtain homogeneous glycopeptide and glycoprotein materials by a variety of methods that draw from the techniques of recombinant expression, chemical synthesis, enzymatic transformation, and chemoselective ligation. Some of these techniques remove obstacles to glycoprotein synthesis by installing nonnative linkages and other modifications for facilitated assembly. The end purpose of the described approaches is the production of glycosylated materials for experiments relevant to the biological investigation of glycoproteins, although the strategies presented apply to other posttranslational modifications as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Grogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California; Berkeley California 94720, USA.
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33
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Saskiawan I, Mizuno M, Inazu T, Haneda K, Harashima S, Kumagai H, Yamamoto K. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of the glycosylated alpha-mating factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and analysis of its biological activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002; 406:127-34. [PMID: 12234498 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of glycosylation on a bioactive peptide was studied using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating factor, which is composed of 13 amino acids. In this study, we prepared glycosylated alpha-mating factor by chemo-enzymatic synthesis. At first, N-acetylglucosaminyl alpha-mating factor (Trp-His-Trp-Leu-Gln(GlcNAc)-Leu-Lys-Pro-Gly-Gln-Pro-Met-Tyr) was chemically synthesized by the solid-phase method. Then, using the transglycosylation activity of Mucor hiemalis endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, we synthesized glycosylated alpha-mating factor with a glutamine-linked sialo complex type oligosaccharide. The biological activity of alpha-mating factor derivatives was examined by means of a growth arrest assay using secreted-protease-defective a cells of S. cerevisiae. The results showed that the bioactivity of glycosylated alpha-mating factor was lower than that of native alpha-mating factor. However, when sialic acid was removed from the complex type sugar chain of glycosylated alpha-mating factor, its bioactivity was recovered. Glycosylated alpha-mating factor exhibited higher resistance against proteolysis than native alpha-mating factor. It was found that the bioactivity of N-acetylglucosaminyl alpha-mating factor was higher than that of alpha-mating factor. Circular dichroism studies indicated that a slight change in the structure of alpha-mating factor may influence its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwan Saskiawan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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34
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Gill I, Valivety R. Pilot-Scale Enzymatic Synthesis of 1-O-β-d-Galactopyranosides in Plasticized Glass Phases. Org Process Res Dev 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/op025529q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Gill
- BioSynTech, 512 Franklin Avenue, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, U.S.A., and Albany Molecular Research, Inc. 601 East Kensington Road, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056, U.S.A
| | - Rao Valivety
- BioSynTech, 512 Franklin Avenue, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, U.S.A., and Albany Molecular Research, Inc. 601 East Kensington Road, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056, U.S.A
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35
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Ishido K, Takagaki K, Iwafune M, Yoshihara S, Sasaki M, Endo M. Enzymatic attachment of glycosaminoglycan chain to peptide using the sugar chain transfer reaction with endo-beta-xylosidase. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:11889-95. [PMID: 11805117 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112183200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endo-beta-xylosidase from the mid-gut gland of the molluscus Patinopecten is an endo-type glycosidase that hydrolyzes the xylosyl serine linkage between a core protein and a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain, releasing the intact GAG chain from proteoglycan. In this study, we investigated GAG chain transfer activity of this enzyme, in order to develop a method for attaching GAG chains to peptide. Peptidochondroitin sulfate (molecular mass of sugar chain, 30 kDa) from bovine tracheal cartilage as a donor and butyloxycarbonyl-leucyl-seryl-threonyl-arginine-(4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide) as an acceptor were incubated with endo-beta-xylosidase. As a result, a reaction product with the same fluorescence as the acceptor peptide was observed. High pressure liquid chromatography analysis, cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis, and enzymatic digestion showed that this reaction product had the chondroitin sulfate (ChS) from the donor. Furthermore, the acceptor peptide was released from this reaction product after hydrolysis by endo-beta-xylosidase. Therefore, it was confirmed that the ChS chain released from the donor was transferred to the acceptor peptide by the GAG chain transfer reaction of endo-beta-xylosidase. The optimal pH for hydrolysis by this enzyme was found to be about 4.0, whereas that for this reaction was about 3.0. Not only the ChS but also the dermatan sulfate and the heparan sulfate were transferred to the acceptor peptide by this reaction. By using this reaction, the GAG chain could be attached to the peptide in one step. The GAG chain transfer reaction of endo-beta-xylosidase should be a significant glycotechnological tool for the artificial synthesis of proteoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keinosuke Ishido
- Department of Biochemistry and Second Department of Surgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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36
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Fujita M, Shoda S, Haneda K, Inazu T, Takegawa K, Yamamoto K. A novel disaccharide substrate having 1,2-oxazoline moiety for detection of transglycosylating activity of endoglycosidases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1528:9-14. [PMID: 11514092 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(01)00164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A disaccharide substrate of Manbeta1-4GlcNAc-oxazoline 2 was designed and synthesized as a novel probe for detection of the transglycosylating activity of endoglycosidases. A regio- and stereoselective transglycosylation reaction of 2 to GlcNAcbeta1-O-pNP or Dns-Asn(GlcNAc)-OH catalyzed by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Mucor hiemalis (Endo-M) and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Arthrobacter protophormiae (Endo-A) has been demonstrated for the first time, resulting in the core trisaccharide derivative Manbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-O-pNP 8 (or -(Dns)Asn-OH). Interestingly, the transglycosylation proceeds irreversibly; the resulting trisaccharide 8 was not hydrolyzed by Endo-M and Endo-A. Based on these results, a new mechanism including an oxazolinium ion intermediate has been proposed for the endoglycosidase-catalyzed hydrolysis or transglycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fujita
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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37
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O'Connor SE, Pohlmann J, Imperiali B, Saskiawan I, Yamamoto K. Probing the effect of the outer saccharide residues of N-linked glycans on peptide conformation. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:6187-8. [PMID: 11414857 DOI: 10.1021/ja010094s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Haneda K, Inazu T, Mizuno M, Iguchi R, Tanabe H, Fujimori K, Yamamoto K, Kumagai H, Tsumori K, Munekata E. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of a bioactive peptide containing a glutamine-linked oligosaccharide and its characterization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1526:242-8. [PMID: 11410333 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(01)00135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A bioactive peptide containing a glutamine-linked oligosaccharide was chemo-enzymatically synthesized by use of the solid-phase method of peptide synthesis and the transglycosylation activity of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Substance P, a neuropeptide, is an undecapeptide containing two L-glutamine residues. A substance P derivative with an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue attached to the fifth or sixth L-glutamine residue from the N-terminal region was chemically synthesized. A sialo complex-type oligosaccharide derived from a glycopeptide of hen egg yolk was added to the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine moiety of the substance P derivative using the transglycosylation activity of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Mucor hiemalis, and a substance P derivative with a sialo complex-type oligosaccharide attached to the L-glutamine residue was synthesized. This glycosylated substance P was biologically active, although the activity was rather low, and stable against peptidase digestion. The oligosaccharide moiety attached to the L-glutamine residue of the peptide was not liberated by peptide-N(4)-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Haneda
- The Noguchi Institute, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan.
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39
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Fukase K, Yasukochi T, Kusumoto S. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Trisaccharide–Serine Conjugate, Gal(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Xyl(β1-O)–L-Ser, Use of Galactosyl Fluoride as a Donor for Transglycosylation. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2001. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.74.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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40
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Fujita K, Takegawa K. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of neoglycoproteins using transglycosylation with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 282:678-82. [PMID: 11401514 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel chemoenzymatic approach to synthesize neoglycoproteins containing high-mannose-type oligosaccharides is described. p-Isothiocyanatophenyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside (Glc-ITC) was transferred to the reducing end of the high-mannose-type oligosaccharides using a transglycosylation activity of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase A (Endo-A). A novel oligosaccharide, Man(6)GlcNAc-Glc-ITC, was synthesized as a coupling reagent for lysyl and N-terminal residues of the protein moiety. The neoglycoconjugate was coupled with several nonglycosylated proteins such as ribonuclease A, lysozyme, and alpha-lactalbumin. Between one and four high-mannose-type oligosaccharides were incorporated per molecule of these proteins. This method should be very useful for the synthesis of neoglycoproteins with homogeneous high-mannose-type oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fujita
- Department of Life Sciences, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
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Yamamoto K. Chemo-Enzymatic synthesis of bioactive glycopeptide using microbial endoglycosidase. J Biosci Bioeng 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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42
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Koeller KM, Wong CH. Synthesis of complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates: enzyme-based and programmable one-pot strategies. Chem Rev 2000; 100:4465-94. [PMID: 11749355 DOI: 10.1021/cr990297n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K M Koeller
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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43
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Gill I, Valivety R. Enzymatic Glycosylation in Plasticized Glass Phases: A Novel and Efficient Route to O-Glycosides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:3804-3808. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20001103)39:21<3804::aid-anie3804>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2000] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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44
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Koeller KM, Wong CH. Complex carbohydrate synthesis tools for glycobiologists: enzyme-based approach and programmable one-pot strategies. Glycobiology 2000; 10:1157-69. [PMID: 11087708 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/10.11.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultimate goal in complex carbohydrate synthesis is to develop synthetic tools which are simple and easily accessible to glycobiologists. This review will describe methods which have the potential to reach this goal, with particular focus on enzymatic and computer-based one-pot approaches for the preparation of complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Koeller
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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46
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Chen L, Jensen KJ, Tejbrant J, Taylor JE, Morgan BA, Barany G. Chemical synthesis and receptor binding of catfish somatostatin: a disulfide-bridged beta-D-Galp-(1-->3)-alpha-D-GalpNAc O-glycopeptide. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 2000; 55:81-91. [PMID: 10667864 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2000.00154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The glycopeptide hormone catfish somatostatin (somatostatin-22) has the amino acid sequence H-Asp-Asn-Thr-Val-Thr-Ser-Lys-Pro-Leu-Asn-Cys-Met-Asn-Tyr-Phe-Trp-Lys-Se r-Arg-Thr-Ala-Cys-OH; it includes a cyclic disulfide connecting the two Cys residues, and the major naturally occurring glycoform contains D-GalNAc and D-Gal O-glycosidically linked to Thr5. The linear sequence was assembled smoothly starting with an Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-PAC-PEG-PS support, using stepwise Fmoc solid-phase chemistry. In addition to the nonglycosylated peptide, two glycosylated forms of somatostatin-22 were accessed by incorporating as building blocks, respectively, Nalpha-Fmoc-Thr(Ac3-alpha-D-GalNAc)-OH and Nalpha-Fmoc-Thr(Ac4-beta-D-Gal-(1-->3)-Ac2-alpha-D-GalNAc)-O H. Acidolytic deprotection/cleavage of these peptidyl-resins with trifluoroacetic acid/scavenger cocktails gave the corresponding acetyl-protected glycopeptides with free sulfhydryl functions. Deacetylation, by methanolysis in the presence of catalytic sodium methoxide, was followed by mild oxidation at pH 7, mediated by Nalpha-dithiasuccinoyl (Dts)-glycine, to provide the desired monomeric cyclic disulfides. The purified peptides were tested for binding affinities to a panel of cloned human somatostatin receptor subtypes; in several cases, presence of the disaccharide moiety resulted in 2-fold tighter binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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47
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Hashimoto Y, Toma K, Nishikido J, Yamamoto K, Haneda K, Inazu T, Valentine KG, Opella SJ. Effects of glycosylation on the structure and dynamics of eel calcitonin in micelles and lipid bilayers determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biochemistry 1999; 38:8377-84. [PMID: 10387083 DOI: 10.1021/bi983018j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The three-dimensional structures of eel calcitonin (CT) and two glycosylated CT derivatives, [Asn(GlcNAc)3]-CT (CT-GlcNAc) and [Asn(Man6-GlcNAc2)3]-CT (CT-M6), in micelles were determined by solution NMR spectroscopy. The topologies of these peptides associated with oriented lipid bilayers were determined with solid-state NMR. All of the peptides were found to have an identical conformation in micelles characterized by an amphipathic alpha-helix consisting of residues Ser5 through Leu19 followed by an unstructured region at the C-terminus. The overall conformation of the peptide moiety was not affected by the glycosylation. Nevertheless, comparison of the relative exchange rates of the Leu12 amide proton might suggest the possibility that fluctuations of the alpha-helix are reduced by glycosylation. The presence of NOEs between the carbohydrate and the peptide moieties of CT-GlcNAc and CT-M6 and the amide proton chemical shift data suggested that the carbohydrate interacted with the peptide, and this might account for the conformational stabilization of the alpha-helix. Both the unmodified CT and the glycosylated CT were found to have orientations with their helix axes parallel to the plane of the lipid bilayers by solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hashimoto
- Analytical Research Laboratory, Asahi Chemical Industry Company, Ltd., Fuji, Shizuoka 416-8501, Japan
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Yamamoto K, Haneda K, Iguchi R, Inazu T, Mizuno M, Takegawa K, Kondo A, Kato I. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of a calcitonin derivative containing a high-mannose type oligosaccharide by endo-β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase from Arthrobacter protophormiae. J Biosci Bioeng 1999; 87:175-9. [PMID: 16232446 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(99)89008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/1998] [Accepted: 11/04/1998] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemo-enzymatic addition of a high-mannose type oligosaccharide to eel calcitonin (CT), a calcium-regulating hormone, was examined. The endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Arthrobacter protophormiae (Endo-A) transglycosylated the Man(6)-GlcNAc moiety from an ovalbumin-derived high-mannose type glycosyl asparagine, Asn(Man(6)-GlcNAc(2))-OH, to a calcitonin derivative, [Asn(GlcNAc)(3)]-CT, in which the N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is attached to the third l-asparagine (Asn) residue of the peptide, and a calcitonin derivative containing a high-mannose type oligosaccharide, [Asn(Man(6)-GlcNAc(2))(3)]-CT, was synthesized. The optimal reaction conditions for the synthesis of [Asn(Man(6)-GlcNAc(2))(3)]-CT from Asn(Man(6)-GlcNAc(2))-OH and [Asn(GlcNAc)(3)]-CT catalyzed by Endo-A were examined. The transglycosylation yield relative to the concentration of the [Asn(GlcNAc)(3)]-CT added was 32.7%, and 4.42 mg of [Asn(Man(6)-GlcNAc(2))(3)]-CT was prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamamoto
- The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003 Japan
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49
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Mizuno M, Haneda K, Iguchi R, Muramoto I, Kawakami T, Aimoto S, Yamamoto K, Inazu T. Synthesis of a Glycopeptide Containing Oligosaccharides: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Eel Calcitonin Analogues Having Natural N-Linked Oligosaccharides. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9831305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Mizuno
- Contribution from the Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Katsuji Haneda
- Contribution from the Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Reiko Iguchi
- Contribution from the Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Muramoto
- Contribution from the Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toru Kawakami
- Contribution from the Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Saburo Aimoto
- Contribution from the Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamamoto
- Contribution from the Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Inazu
- Contribution from the Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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