1
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Kar B, Bardhan S, Ghosh P, Ganguly B, Kundu K, Sarkar S, Paul BK, Das S. A Fast and Additive Free C-C Homo/Cross-Coupling Reaction in Reverse Micelle: An Understanding of Role of Surfactant, Water Content and Base on the Product Yield and Reaction Site. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barnali Kar
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Bengal; Darjeeling 734 013 India
| | - Soumik Bardhan
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Bengal; Darjeeling 734 013 India
| | - Prasanjit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Bengal; Darjeeling 734 013 India
| | - Bhaskar Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Bengal; Darjeeling 734 013 India
| | - Kaushik Kundu
- Surface and Colloid Science Laboratory, Geological Studies Unit; Indian Statistical Institute; Kolkata 700 108 India
- Department Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore- 560012 India
| | - Sonali Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Bengal; Darjeeling 734 013 India
| | - Bidyut Kumar Paul
- Surface and Colloid Science Laboratory, Geological Studies Unit; Indian Statistical Institute; Kolkata 700 108 India
| | - Sajal Das
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Bengal; Darjeeling 734 013 India
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2
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Tiwari PK, Mukhopadhyay T, Aidhen IS. A Defunctionalization Concept for the Convenient Synthesis of Bis(5-arylfuran-2-yl)methane Scaffolds. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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3
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Wang YH, Liu H, Zhu LL, Li XX, Chen Z. Base-Catalyzed Cascade 1,3-H Shift/Cyclization Reaction to Construct Polyaromatic Furans. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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4
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Palladium-Catalysed Direct Arylation of Heteroaromatics Bearing Unprotected Hydroxyalkyl Functions using Aryl Bromides. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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C-Furyl glycosides, I: Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of C-furyl glycosides and chalcones derived therefrom. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-008-0941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Severinsen R, Bourne GT, Tran TT, Ankersen M, Begtrup M, Smythe ML. Library of Biphenyl Privileged Substructures using a Safety-Catch Linker Approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:557-66. [DOI: 10.1021/cc800006g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rune Severinsen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia, Purification & Chemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaløv, Denmark, Protagonist Pty. Ltd., Level 7 Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, 4072 Australia, and The Danish University for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gregory T. Bourne
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia, Purification & Chemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaløv, Denmark, Protagonist Pty. Ltd., Level 7 Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, 4072 Australia, and The Danish University for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tran T. Tran
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia, Purification & Chemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaløv, Denmark, Protagonist Pty. Ltd., Level 7 Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, 4072 Australia, and The Danish University for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Ankersen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia, Purification & Chemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaløv, Denmark, Protagonist Pty. Ltd., Level 7 Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, 4072 Australia, and The Danish University for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikael Begtrup
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia, Purification & Chemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaløv, Denmark, Protagonist Pty. Ltd., Level 7 Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, 4072 Australia, and The Danish University for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark L. Smythe
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia, Purification & Chemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaløv, Denmark, Protagonist Pty. Ltd., Level 7 Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, 4072 Australia, and The Danish University for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Puntambekar DS, Giridhar R, Yadav MR. Insights into the structural requirements of farnesyltransferase inhibitors as potential anti-tumor agents based on 3D-QSAR CoMFA and CoMSIA models. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:142-54. [PMID: 17448576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study was performed on three different chemical series reported as selective farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitors employing comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices (CoMSIA) techniques to investigate the structural requirements for substrates and derive a predictive model that may be used for the design of novel FTase inhibitors. Removal of outliers improved the predictive power of models developed for all three structurally diverse classes of compounds. 3D-QSAR models were derived for 3-aminopyrrolidinone derivatives (training set N=38, test set N=7), 2-amino-nicotinonitriles (training set N=46, test set N=13) and 1-aryl-1'-imidazolyl methyl ethers (training set N=35, test set N=5). The CoMFA models with steric and electrostatic fields exhibited r(2)(cv) 0.479-0.803, r(2)(ncv) 0.945-0.993, r(2)(pred) 0.686-0.811. The CoMSIA models displayed r(2)(cv) 0.411-0.814, r(2)(ncv) 0.923-0.984, r(2)(pred) 0.399-0.787. 3D contour maps generated from these models were analyzed individually, which provide the regions in space where interactive fields may influence the activity. The superimposition of contour maps on the active site of farnesyltransferase additionally helps in understanding the structural requirements of these inhibitors. 3D-QSAR models developed may guide our efforts in designing and predicting the FTase inhibitory activity of novel molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra S Puntambekar
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M.S. University of Baroda, Kalabhavan, PO Box 51, Baroda 390 001, Gujarat, India
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8
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Gilleron P, Millet R, Houssin R, Wlodarczyk N, Farce A, Lemoine A, Goossens JF, Chavatte P, Pommery N, Hénichart JP. Solid-phase synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a library of peptidomimetics as potential farnesyltransferase inhibitors: an approach to new lead compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:745-55. [PMID: 16647166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic Ras proteins whose activation is farnesylation by farnesyltransferase have been seen as important targets for novel anticancer drugs. Inhibitors of this enzyme have already been developed as potential anti-cancer drugs, particularly by rational design based on the structure of the CA(1)A(2)X carboxyl terminus of Ras. Synthesis of a peptidomimetics library via solid-phase synthesis using the Multipin method is described here. The most active hits on cellular assays were resynthesized and enzymatic activity was measured. Compounds A1, A5 and A7 present significant activity on the isolated enzyme (IC(50)=117, 57.3 and 28.5 nM) and their molecular docking in the active site of the enzyme provides details on key interactions with the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gilleron
- Institut de chimie pharmaceutique Albert-Lespagnol, EA 2692, université de Lille-II, rue du professeur-Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille, France
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9
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González MP, Caballero J, Tundidor-Camba A, Helguera AM, Fernández M. Modeling of farnesyltransferase inhibition by some thiol and non-thiol peptidomimetic inhibitors using genetic neural networks and RDF approaches. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:200-13. [PMID: 16185882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Revised: 08/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of farnesyltransferase (FT) enzyme by a set of 78 thiol and non-thiol peptidomimetic inhibitors was successfully modeled by a genetic neural network (GNN) approach, using radial distribution function descriptors. A linear model was unable to successfully fit the whole data set; however, the optimum Bayesian regularized neural network model described about 87% inhibitory activity variance with a relevant predictive power measured by q2 values of leave-one-out and leave-group-out cross-validations of about 0.7. According to their activity levels, thiol and non-thiol inhibitors were well-distributed in a topological map, built with the inputs of the optimum non-linear predictor. Furthermore, descriptors in the GNN model suggested the occurrence of a strong dependence of FT inhibition on the molecular shape and size rather than on electronegativity or polarizability characteristics of the studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maykel Pérez González
- Unit of Service, Drug Design Department, Experimental Sugar Cane Station Villa Clara-Cienfuegos, Ranchuelo, Villa Clara, C.P. 53100, Cuba
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10
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Mitsch A, Altenkämper M, Sattler I, Schlitzer M. Non-Thiol Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors: Utilization of the Far Aryl Binding Site by Arylthienylacryloylaminobenzophenones. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2005; 338:9-17. [PMID: 15674808 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200400886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We recently described two novel aryl binding sites of farnesyltransferase. The 4- and 5-arylsubstituted thienylacryloyl moieties turned out as appropriate substituents for our benzophenone-based AAX-peptidomimetic capable for occupying the far aryl binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mitsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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11
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Polley MJ, Winkler DA, Burden FR. Broad-Based Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship Modeling of Potency and Selectivity of Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors Using a Bayesian Regularized Neural Network. J Med Chem 2004; 47:6230-8. [PMID: 15566293 DOI: 10.1021/jm049621j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the enzyme farnesyltransferase show potential as novel anticancer agents. There are many known inhibitors, but efforts to build predictive SAR models have been hampered by the structural diversity and flexibility of inhibitors. We have undertaken for the first time a QSAR study of the potency and selectivity of a large, diverse data set of farnesyltransferase inhibitors. We used novel molecular descriptors based on binned atomic properties and invariants of molecular matrices and a robust, nonlinear QSAR mapping paradigm, the Bayesian regularized neural network. We have built robust QSAR models of farnesyltransferase inhibition, geranylgeranyltransferase inhibition, and in vivo data. We have derived a novel selectivity index that allows us to model potency and selectivity simultaneously and have built robust QSAR models using this index that have the potential to discover new potent and selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Polley
- Centre for Complexity in Drug Design, CSIRO Molecular Science, Private Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, Clayton 3169, Australia
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12
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Mitsch A, Wissner P, Silber K, Haebel P, Sattler I, Klebe G, Schlitzer M. Non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors: N-(4-tolylacetylamino-3-benzoylphenyl)-3-arylfurylacrylic acid amides. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:4585-600. [PMID: 15358286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2004] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have designed arylfurylacryl-substituted benzophenones as non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors utilizing a novel aryl binding site of farnesyltransferase. These compounds display activity in the low nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mitsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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13
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Misra AK, Agnihotri G. Preparation of polyhydroxyalkyl- and C-glycosylfuran derivatives from free sugars catalyzed by cerium(III) chloride in aqueous solution: an improvement of the Garcia González reaction. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:1381-7. [PMID: 15113679 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2003] [Accepted: 02/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Unprotected aldose sugars react smoothly with 1,3-diones or beta-ketoesters in the presence of CeCl(3).7H(2)O in aqueous solution to produce polyhydroxylalkyl- and C-glycosylfuran derivatives in excellent yield. Operationally simple, mild neutral reaction conditions in aqueous solution is the key feature of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar Misra
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
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14
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Curtin ML, Florjancic AS, Cohen J, Gu WZ, Frost DJ, Muchmore SW, Sham HL. Novel and selective imidazole-containing biphenyl inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:1367-71. [PMID: 12657284 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of imidazole-containing biphenyls was prepared and evaluated in vitro for inhibition of FTase and cellular Ras processing. Several of these analogues, such as 21, are potent inhibitors of FTase (<1nM), FTase/GGTase selective (>300-fold) and cellularly active (<or=80nM). An X-ray crystal structure of inhibitor 21 bound to rat farnesyltransferase is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Curtin
- Department of Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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15
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Kettler K, Sakowski J, Silber K, Sattler I, Klebe G, Schlitzer M. Non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors: N-(4-acylamino-3-benzoylphenyl)-3-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-furyl]acrylic acid amides. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:1521-30. [PMID: 12705292 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We have designed the nitrophenylfurylacryl-substituted benzophenone 4f as a non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitor utilizing a novel aryl binding site of farnesyltransferase. Variation of the 2-acylamino substituent at the benzophenone core structure of our initial lead 4f yielded several non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors with improved activity. These compounds display activity in the low nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kettler
- Department für Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr, München, Germany
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16
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Horton DA, Bourne GT, Smythe ML. The combinatorial synthesis of bicyclic privileged structures or privileged substructures. Chem Rev 2003; 103:893-930. [PMID: 12630855 DOI: 10.1021/cr020033s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2428] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Horton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
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17
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Gupta P, Singh SK, Pathak A, Kundu B. Template-directed approach to solid-phase combinatorial synthesis of furan-based libraries. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Mitsch A, Böhm M, Wissner P, Sattler I, Schlitzer M. Non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors: utilization of an aryl binding site by 5-arylacryloylaminobenzophenones. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:2657-62. [PMID: 12057654 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We recently described a novel aryl binding site of farnesyltransferase. The 2-naphthylacryloyl residue was developed as an appropriate substituent for our benzophenone-based AAX-peptidomimetic capable of occupying this binding site, resulting in a non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitor with nanomolar activity. The activity of this inhibitor is readily explained on the basis of docking studies which show the 2-naphthyl residue fitting into the aryl binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mitsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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19
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Sakowski J, Sattler I, Schlitzer M. Non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors: N-(4-Acylamino-3-benzoylphenyl)-4-nitrocinnamic acid amides. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:233-9. [PMID: 11741771 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have developed the 4-nitrocinnamoyl substituted benzophenone 4a as a novel non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitor. Replacement of the p-tolyl moiety of our initial lead structure 4a by different para and ortho substituted phenyl residues as well as by 1-naphthyl resulted in derivatives with considerably enhanced activity displaying IC(50) values between 42 and 52 nM. These compounds represent novel, readily accessible non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors being more active than the corresponding thiol-containing analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Sakowski
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
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20
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Böhm M, Mitsch A, Wissner P, Sattler I, Schlitzer M. Exploration of novel aryl binding sites of farnesyltransferase using molecular modeling and benzophenone-based farnesyltransferase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2001; 44:3117-24. [PMID: 11543680 DOI: 10.1021/jm010873j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most non-thiol CAAX-peptidomimetic farnesyltransferase inhibitors bear nitrogen-containing heterocycles in place of the terminal cysteine which are supposed to coordinate the enzyme-bound zinc. However, it has been shown that those nitrogen-containing heterocycles can be replaced by carbocyclic aromatic moieties which are unable to coordinate the zinc ion, a conclusion that resulted in the postulation of one or two hitherto unknown aryl binding sites. No indication has been given about the spatial location of these novel binding sites. Employing flexible docking of several non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors known from the literature and some model compounds based on our benzophenone scaffold as well as performing GRID searches, we have identified two regions in the farnesyltransferase's active site which we suggest being the postulated aryl binding sites. One aryl binding region is located in close proximity to the zinc ion and is defined by the aromatic side chains of Tyr 300beta, Trp 303beta, Tyr 361beta, and Tyr 365beta. The second aryl binding site is defined by the side chains of Tyr 300beta, Leu 295beta, Lys 294beta, Lys 353beta, and Lys 356beta. This second aryl binding site has been used for the design of a non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitor (9c) with an IC(50) of 35 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Böhm
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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21
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Mitsch A, Wissner P, Sattler I, Schlitzer M. Non-thiol farnesyltransferase inhibitors: structure-activity relationships of aralkylsubstituted benzophenones. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2001; 334:40-4. [PMID: 11268773 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4184(200102)334:2<40::aid-ardp40>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel class of benzophenone-based farnesyltransferase inhibitors exploiting a novel aryl binding region in the farnesyltransferase's active site. The present study was mainly focussed on structural modifications of the trimethylene spacer of the 4-phenyl butyroyl residue of our lead structure (IC50 = 530 nM). These modifications turned out to have little effect on activity as had the replacement of the terminal aryl by cyclohexyl (IC50 = 440 nM vs. IC50 = 530 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mitsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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22
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Dolle RE. Comprehensive survey of combinatorial library synthesis: 1999. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2000; 2:383-433. [PMID: 11029163 DOI: 10.1021/cc000055x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R E Dolle
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmacopeia, Inc., P.O. Box 5350, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5350, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Members of the superfamily of Ras GTPase signalling proteins (monomeric G proteins) require post-translational carboxy-terminal prenylation to function. Prenylation is the covalent attachment of a hydrophobic prenyl group (either farnesyl or geranylgeranyl), which localises the GTPase to cell membranes. Ras proteins exert substantial control on cell proliferation and gene-transcription events, and prenylation inhibitors are now included in clinical trials for cancer. Many renal diseases are highly proliferative and are driven by a range of profibrotic cytokines. We hypothesise that inhibition of prenylation could be of substantial therapeutic benefit in such diseases, providing greater selectivity against abnormal cytokine-driven proliferation and fibrogenesis than current treatments available to nephrologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khwaja
- Department of Renal Medicine, Guy's, King's, and St Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College London, UK
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24
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Henry KJ, Wasicak J, Tasker AS, Cohen J, Ewing P, Mitten M, Larsen JJ, Kalvin DM, Swenson R, Ng SC, Saeed B, Cherian S, Sham H, Rosenberg SH. Discovery of a series of cyclohexylethylamine-containing protein farnesyltransferase inhibitors exhibiting potent cellular activity. J Med Chem 1999; 42:4844-52. [PMID: 10579847 DOI: 10.1021/jm990335v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a library of secondary benzylic amines based on the Sebti-Hamilton type peptidomimetic farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitor FTI-276 (1) led to the identification of 6 as a potent enzyme inhibitor (IC(50) of 8 nM) which lacked the problematic thiol residue which had been a common theme in many of the more important FTase inhibitors reported to date. It has previously been disclosed that addition of o-tolyl substitution to FTase inhibitors of the general description 2 had a salutary effect on both FTase inhibition and inhibition of Ras prenylation in whole cells. Combination of these two observations led us to synthesize 7, a potent FTase inhibitor which displayed an IC(50) of 0.16 nM for in vitro inhibition of FTase and an EC(50) of 190 nM for inhibition of whole cell Ras prenylation. Modification of 7 by classical medicinal chemistry led to the discovery of a series of potent FTase inhibitors, culminating in the identification of 25 which exhibited an IC(50) of 0.20 nM and an EC(50) of 4.4 nM. In vivo tests in a nude mouse xenograft model of human pancreatic cancer (MiaPaCa cells) showed that oral dosing of 25 gave rise to impressive attenuation of the growth of this aggressive tumor cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Henry
- Departments of Cancer Research, D-47B, Combinatorial Chemistry, D-4CP, and Anti-infective Research, D-47T, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-3500, USA.
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